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A SURVEY OF 
NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


BY 
BRUCE Kk. BROWN 


(Formerly with Commercial Solvents Corporation) 


AND 


FRANCIS M. CRAWFORD 


Director of Patent and Research Information Departments 
Commercial Solvents Corporation 


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BOOK DEPART MEN T 


The CHEMICAL CATALOG COMPANY, Inc. 
419 FOURTH AVENUE, AT 29rn STREET, NEW YORK, U.S. A. 
; 1928 | 


In 


Copyricut, 1928, By 
The CHEMICAL CATALOG COMPANY, 


All rights reserved 


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Printed in the United States of America by 
J. J. LITTLE AND IVES COMPANY, NEW YORK | 


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PREFACE 


Many persons are prone to regard the nitrocellulose lacquer industry as a very 
new one. It has frequently been described as a post-war development brought 
about partly by excess stocks of nitrocellulose and solvents, and partly by the ever- 
increasing demand for production speed in industry. To a large extent, this view 
is an accurate one. 

But, as the present volume will clearly show, the technique of nitrocellulose 
lacquer production and application is very old. In fact, the industry was well- 
grounded scientifically many years before the automobile business, which it now 
serves so well, came into being. 

Lacquers for silverware, brass beds, light fixtures, straw hats, cigar tips and 
countless other specialty products were an industrial commodity years before the 
present Gargantuan development of the industry. These uses were, however, scat- 
tered, special, and not of a type that would stimulate general demand. The nitro- 
cellulose then available was the so-called “high viscosity type” and was suitable 
only for the production of relatively thin films. Fusel oil and its derivatives were 
the most important solvent materials and the supply was limited. 

,The Great War stimulated nitrocellulose production, improved its quality, and 
made it a cheaper, better-understood material. Aviation demanded organic solvents, 
and cellulose ester dopes became munitions of war. The demand for acetone for 
cordite and dope production stimulated the commercial development of the butyl 
acetonic fermentation of carbohydrates in France, India, England, Canada and the 
United States. As a by-product of this acetone production, normal butyl alcohol left 
the shelves of chemical museums and became a cheap industrial substance, capable 
of completely replacing fusel oil insofar as nitrocellulose solvent use was concerned. 
While good-quality clear nitrocellulose lacquers had been manufactured in the 
United States for some years prior to the Great War, much credit for the present 
surprising development must be given to E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co., which, 
soon after 1920, developed and vigorously pressed the use of pigmented lacquer. 

In the meantime, the ever-expanding automobile industry became insistent in its 
demand for a new finishing material that would eliminate the long delays experi- 
enced in the paint shop. As the daily production of automobiles increased, the 
financial loss attendant on the immense investment in completed but unsold auto- 
mobiles undergoing the antiquated 10-day paint-finishing schedule grew until it 
became a retarding factor in the automobile business. Spurred on by the savings 
clearly indicated, unbound by ancient precedents common in older fields, and sanely 
guided by technically trained executives, the automobile industry adopted lacquer 
in an amazingly short time. Less than one per cent of the automobiles manufac- 
tured in 1923 were finished in lacquer. Over 95 per cent of the automobiles manu- 
factured in the United States in the year 1927 were lacquer-finished. 

This change, however rapid, was not made until laboratory tests had proven the 
durability and adaptability of the new finish. Lacquer, when properly formulated 
and properly applied, was found to have a much longer useful life than oleo-resinous 
finishes. Strangely enough, even the ultimate failure of a good lacquer coating was 
found more satisfactory than the corresponding failure of a paint coat. Character- 
istic paint failure involves deep checking or cracking. Characteristic lacquer failure 
takes the form of chalking or dusting which occurs only on the surface. Conse- 


3 


4 PREFACE 


quently, a chalked lacquer film can be brought back to its original luster by polish- 
ing, whereas a checked paint coat is permanently marred. 

As the result of its adoption of the lacquer finish, the automobile industry, as a 
whole, found it possible to save at least two-thirds of its investment in the idle 
stock undergoing finishing, and was able to recover a large amount of manufactur- 
ing space previously devoted to storage and drying. The intelligent development 
of the spray-gun, or “air brush,” which was ideally adapted to lacquer application, 
also speeded production and compensated to a large degree for the higher per-gallon 
cost of the new finish. 

Even before the use of lacquer on automobiles was completely standardized, the 
furniture manufacturers realized the advantages of the new finish, and the lacquer 
industry thus received its second large impetus. While clear lacquer has already 
largely replaced furniture varnish, and is apparently destined to supersede oleo- 
resinous finishes on all but the very cheapest grades, progress in this field was 
not quite so rapid at first as in the case of the automobile industry. In part, this 
was due to the character of the surface to be treated, which required special types 
of under-surfacing materials. Progress was also impeded by the timeworn traditions 
of the trade which insisted at first on applying the new material with an old 
technique. 

From automobiles and furniture, it was only a short step to the railroad industry, 
and to-day much of our new rolling-stock is lacquer-finished. Here the same 
advantages of increased durability, clarity of color, and reduced time of application 
have stimulated the use of lacquer. 

The three major fields mentioned have one common characteristic in that each 
is a manufacturing industry operated in large units, in which the article to. be 
surfaced may be finished in a completely equipped lacquering shop by trained em- 
ployes. The article is taken to the lacquer. 

The next development in point of time was one in which the lacquer is taken to 
the article. The use of the new finish on automobiles and furniture stimulated 
popular fancy, and while the manufacturers doubtless encouraged the idea, there 
soon came, nevertheless, a distinct demand for lacquer for home use. “Brush Lac- 
quers” put up in small packages soon made their appearance. The production of 
these materials required a new formulation technique. The maintenance of pig- 
ment in a thoroughly dispersed condition in a lacquer is inherently more difficult 
than the proper pigmentation of an oleo-resinous paint or enamel. This problem is 
not so important in the industries in which the article is taken to the lacquer, 
for in such cases, the lacquer is shipped in concentrated form and the final dilution 
is made by skilled workers who appreciate the necessity of thorough mixing. The 
demand for brush lacquers for home use stimulated research in the proper pig- 
mentation of lacquers and the problem of pigment dispersion was solved partly by 
improved methods of manufacture and partly by consumer education. 

Since brush lacquers are applied by inexperienced persons on all sorts of surfaces, 
it was also necessary to improve formulation to such an extent that a smooth ad- 
herent coat could be produced with a paint brush under the most adverse conditions 
of application. In general, the tendency has been toward a slightly retarded drying 
time, many popular brands requiring as much as thirty minutes to become dry 
to the touch. While the durability of lacquer finishes on automobiles had been 
well demonstrated to the public, the opinion may be frankly ventured that the 
householder’s demand for lacquer was not based on desire for durability, but on 
his admiration for the brilliantly pigmented lacquer enamels, and on his recognition 
of the advantage of the rapid-drying property of the product. 

It was only natural that the finish found so valuable in other fields should be 
adapted to architectural use. While the genesis of this development is in some 
ways coincident with the other modern uses of lacquer, it has, for obvious reasons, 


PREFACE 5 


progressed more slowly. In this field also it is necessary to take the lacquer to the 
article rather than the article to the lacquer. Since the brush application of lacquer 
is no more difficult or expensive in labor than the brush application of paint or 
varnish, the use of lacquer on interior trim and floors has been quite successful. 
Various suitable undercoats have been developed and lacquer manufacturers special- 
izing in this type of finish are prepared to supply all of the materials necessary for 
the successful surfacing of plaster. To secure the maximum benefit from the lacquer 
finish, spray application is required and. special types of readily transportable spray 
apparatus have been developed. 

The architectural use of lacquer is particularly attractive in the case of the 
finishing of large office buildings where the speed of application is a prime requisite. 
The decoration of the rooms of a building is naturally one of the last phases of its 
construction. The use of paint or varnish for this purpose involves a very long 
waiting period between the applications of coats and during the final drying. At 
this point of construction, practically the entire investment in the building has been 
made, and yet, no return may be realized by the owner until the rooms are fit for 
occupancy. The intelligent use of a lacquer finish permits a large reduction of this 
idle time and allows a more rapid realization on rental. Similar factors make 
lacquer the logical finish for hotels. The attainable speed of application makes it 
possible to completely refinish a room within twelve hours, thus avoiding a loss in 
rental. 

At the present writing, the public is just beginning to realize the myriad uses 
to which lacquer may be put. For example, imitation marble slabs, such as are 
used to a great extent in the construction of decorative walls and partitions, are 
now manufactured from cut slate, which, when properly lacquered, is fully as 
pleasing in appearance and satisfactory in use as the marble itself. Imitation tile 
is another building material which may require large amounts of lacquer. 

In view of the tremendous expansion of the industry, the demand for authentic 
technical information has become most insistent. A great deal of interest has been 
shown in lacquer by the various technical societies and trade journals, and many 
pseudo-scientific articles on the subject have been published. The patent literature, 
which dates back almost fifty years, is growing more voluminous each week. Never- 
theless, the scientific worker in this field has had only a few authentic texts from 
which to work. The classic work of E. C. Worden on Nitrocellulose is a veritable 
mine of information, but is now somewhat out of date. Sproxton has recently 
published a text which contains much of fundamental value but which does not 
provide an exhaustive treatment of practical phases of the subject. Samuel P. 
Wilson’s text on Nitrocellulose Lacquers is an intensely practical handbook for the 
formulator and contains much of value to the industry. 

There is a wealth of information available in the early literature on lacquer, 
which information is unknown to many who are well acquainted with the recent 
developments, and the authors have felt that a correlation of all of the published 
data on lacquer would be of benefit to the industry. Accordingly the present 
volume was prepared. 

Sproxton well said that a consideration of the patents in the nitrocellulose in- 
dustry “is productive of more heat than light,” but these early patents may not be 
well disregarded. They show very clearly the evolution of present lacquer, and, 
what is more important from the practical viewpoint, they indicate that broad 
patent monopolies covering present-day lacquer are unsupportable. In preparing a 
digest of the prior art, the authors have been forced to accept each patent at its 
face value, however trivial or inaccurate it may obviously be in the light of present- 
day information. Formulas have been given wherever they were present in the 
original text and all of the optional constituents mentioned by the inventor have 
been included in the abstract. From the abstracts, themselves, the authors have 


prepared an elaborate subject index from which it is possi to de 
and every compound mentioned in the literature as useful ain os 


1928. 


CONTENTS 


PAGE 
PREFACE e e ° * ° ° ° ° e ° e e ° e e ° e e e e 4 e . 3 


INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER—LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS . . .... . 9 
Solvents—Diluents.—Plasticizers—Solution Viscosity and Solvent Power. 
—Nature of Solvent Action—Rate of Evaporation vs. Boiling Point.— 
Odor and Residual Odor—Solvent Mixtures and Solvent Balance— 
Mardles’ “Solvent Power Number.”—Blush—Cotton Blush—Gum Blush.— 
Effect of Solvents on Lacquer Application —Flow.—Gelled Films.—Thinners. 


NITROCELLULOSE Lacgumr Parent ABSTRACTS . . .. . +. .- . + + «+ 228 
ee TRS PATENTS fo a a ee 28 
ETS ap, A al St ee de Re aN er eR a emia ere mri Fs. 6 
MRE Tm) hc ba Re se ed See pry 2 LO 
Emer: 26 oo OE Owe ee eh Se ie wee 191 
eR Rr a SS Sie Mc ee O48 
TRA artis oes hig peice ae DL ee Seed SG ee 
MT tome i gO) Ny Oe ee de 
ES Ee a ei a A a ae en, MNS yf 
Mere 6. tes GA oe ie Us tee Beanies: ays 
BIBLIOGRAPHY oF NiTRocELLULOSE Lacquer LITERATURE . . . . . . . . 249 
InpEx or Marterrats Namep In Patents Cirep ......... =. 249 


INDEX oF AUTHORS OF PATENTS AND LitmerRATuRB CITED . . ... . . - oo¢ 


A SURVEY OF 
NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 


Nitrocellulose, itself, is considered the most important ingredient in modern 
lacquer, and other materials employed in the composition take their functional 
names from their relationships to the basic constituent. Thus, a plasticizer is an 
ingredient imparting plasticity to the nitrocellulose, and a solvent is a liquid capable 
of carrying the nitrocellulose into colloidal solution. 

Many of the liquids employed to make up the volatile portion of lacquer are not 
solvents for nitrocellulose. These substances are generally known as diluents 
although they may have a dual function, and serve as gum solvents as well as 
simple diluting agencies. In an ordinary lacquer, only one ingredient is present in 
solid form, this being the pigment, or equivalent “lake color”; the nitrocellulose, 
gums or resins, plasticizer, solvents, and diluents being present in homogeneous 
liquid admixture. 3 

The two principal film-forming ingredients of lacquer, that is, nitrocellulose and 
gum, are so dissimilar in nature that they ordinarily require separate solvent media 
to carry them into solution, and this circumstance tends to make lacquer formulation 
a complex task. Nitrocellulose is most easily soluble in esters, ketones, and ethers. 
On the contrary, the varnish gums and resins ordinarily employed in lacquers are, 
with one notable exception, most easily soluble in hydrocarbons and alcohols. As 
a general rule it may be said that nitrocellulose solvents are not good gum solvents, 
and vice versa. Gum solvents (diluents) sometimes precipitate nitrocellulose from 
solution when too much of the former is added in compounding a lacquer, and a 
precipitation of gum occasionally occurs when an excess of nitrocellulose solvent is 
added to a gum solution.* . 

There are, also, certain liquids which are ordinarily classified as non-solvents 
of nitrocellulose but which possess so much of the solvent property that the term 
diluent does not seem properly applicable. Hexahydrophenol, for example, is not a 
solvent for nitrocellulose, yet causes the material to “swell.” In some branches of 
the nitrocellulose industry, such materials are known as “gelatinizers,” but the 
authors feel that the term quasi-solvent is preferable. 

A further difficulty arises in defining the term solvent in view of the fact that all 
of the liquids that are employed in the industry and are capable of dissolving nitro- 
cellulose are not known as solvents. Most of the plasticizers practically employed in 


* Many liquids which dissolve nitrocellulose are also solvents for gums and resins— 
but few of these liquids will hold both materials in the same mixture, 


9 


10 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


the industry are non-volatile esters that readily dissolve nitrocellulose. In the in- 
dustry, however, the term “solvent” refers only to volatile solvent. 

Again it must be remembered that the solutions employed by the lacquer formu- 
lator are not true solutions at all, but are colloidal solutions or dispersions. Since 
both nitrocellulose solutions and gum solutions are colloidal in nature, a most deli- 
cate colloidal balance is set up in compounding a lacquer, and successful formulation 
may require the blending of a number of partially incompatible ingredients. The 
maximum amount of material that may be dissolved is usually quite indefinite, a 
figure far beyond the range of concentration usually employed, and determined 
largely by the viscosity of the solution—i.e., the trend from fluid to highly viscous 
form. 

The above introductory paragraphs will serve as a basis for conveniently defining 
the liquids employed in lacquers in accordance with their principal functions. 


Sotvent—A volatile liquid capable of dissolving nitrocellulose. 


Solvents are usually subclassified as low-boiling solvents and high-boiling solvents. 
This subclassification is an inaccurate and misleading one, since in most cases the 
boiling point of a solvent is not a true index of its volatility, nor of the volatility 
of the complex liquid mixture of which it is an ingredient. A more accurate classifi- 
cation may be accomplished by dividing the group into “quickly evaporating” and 
“slowly evaporating” solvents, but such classification has found but little favor. 

The nitrocellulose solvents most employed in the industry are the aliphatic esters 
of fatty acids and various ethers, though ketones and keto-alcohols are also employed. 


Ditvent—A volatile liquid non-solvent for nitrocellulose, frequently a gum solvent. 


The diluents ordinarily employed in lacquers fall within two general groups, 
namely, alcohols and hydrocarbons. While diluents are used, as the name implies, to 
dilute and cheapen lacquers, they also may serve as carrier solvents for many 
important varnish gums that are not soluble in nitrocellulose solvents. Like the 
nitrocellulose solvents, diluents are subclassified as low-boiling and high-boiling. 
The use of a high-boiling solvent in a lacquer necessitates the employment of a 
corresponding high-boiling diluent when diluent-soluble gums are employed; other- 
wise, the precipitation of the gum by traces of nitrocellulose solvent during the last 
stages of evaporation may spoil the film. 


PuasticizEr—A non-volatile material,* miscible with other lacquer ingredients, which 
wmparts plasticity to the dry film. 


The plasticizers most employed are non-volatile esters. The alkyl phthalates and 
aryl phosphates are much used. Most of the plasticizers employed are solvents for 
nitrocellulose, though castor oil and butyl stearate are notable exceptions. 

All surface-coating compositions with a nitrocellulose base are commonly de- 
scribed as lacquers, and when one considers the variety of use to which lacquer is 
put, it may be readily understood that there is no such thing as an “ideal lacquer.” 


* The most-used plasticizers are liquids. Thousands of substances, including many that 
are solid at room temperature, have been proposed as plasticizers, The only one of these 
that has been employed to any extent in present-day lacquers is triphenyl phosphate. 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 11 


Similarly, there is no such thing as an “ideal solvent.” It is comparatively easy to 
catalog a large number of volatile liquids that will dissolve nitrocellulose, but it is 
extremely difficult to contrast the inherent value of various substances as solvents. 

In this chapter an attempt will be made to consider solvents and non-solvents 
(diluents) on a functional, rather’ than an encyclopaedic, basis; and to set down 
some of the fundamental considerations which determine their values and their uses. 
Since the physical properties of both solvents and non-solvents (nitrocellulose sol- 
vents and diluents) largely determine their usefulness, these two groups of lacquer 
ingredients will be discussed together, insofar as that is possible. The simplest 
approach to a practical evaluation appears to be through the rejection of several 
dubious criteria. 


SoLuTION Viscosity AND SoLventT Power (Doubtful standards) 


In dealing with inorganic substances one is accustomed to regard solvent efficiency 
in the absolute, the “most efficient” solvent being the one which will dissolve the 
most solute. In the lacquer art we are concerned with colloidal solutions, and any 
liquid which dissolves nitrocellulose usually continues to do so until the solution 
becomes so viscous that it cannot be agitated. If extremely concentrated solutions of 
nitrocellulose were required, the solvent giving the least viscous solutions might be 
highly regarded. However, the nitrocellulose solutions employed in lacquers are 
relatively dilute and the effect on solution viscosity of any specific solvent of indus- 
trial importance, as compared with other solvents, is so small that the factor of 
comparative solution viscosity is practically irrelevant to formulation problems. 

The variance in viscosity of solutions of nitrocellulose depends, in part, on the 
molecular complexity of the solvents. In general, the valuable high-boiling solvents 
produce the most viscous solutions, and the cheaper less-effective solvents produce 
the least viscous solutions. Thus the futility of attempting to evaluate solvents on 
the basis of solution viscosity is clearly disclosed. The important factor of nitro- 
cellulose viscosity is the variance of viscosity of different grades of nitrocellulose in 
a standard solvent mixture and the selection of nitrocellulose of proper viscosity is 
basically important in formulation. 


Nature or So.tvent ACTION 


- 


Theoretical consideration of the nature of solutions of nitrocellulose from the 
viewpoint of the physicist and colloid chemist is beyond the purview of this 
chapter.* Nitrocellulose solutions partake of the ordinary character of colloidal 
solutions, insofar as those structures are understood. Aside from the simple solvent 
action of one solvent on the solute, there are interesting cases wherein a substance, 
normally non-solvent, may be “activated” by the addition of a small quantity of 
another material, and the resultant mixture may possess excellent solvent properties. 
For example, a mixture of ethyl ether and ethyl alcohol is a good nitrocellulose 
solvent, whereas neither material alone exerts much solvent action. Similarly, while 
butanol is not a solvent for nitrocellulose, the addition of twenty per cent of butyl 


*In his recent work—“Cellulose Ester Varnishes’ (D. Van Nostrand Co., 1925) F. 
Sproxton devoted two chapters to a survey of the character and properties of nitrocellu- 
lose solutions. Complete bibliographies accompany the text. 


12 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


acetate to butanol produces a mixture of good solvent action. The same phenomena 
are observed in the case of ethyl compounds and amyl compounds.* 

Attempts have been made to reason that “like dissolves like” and that since 
nitrocellulose is believed to be an ester, the best solvents for nitrocellulose should 
be esters. However alluring this theory may be, it is not well substantiated in prac- 
tice, as ketones, keto-alcohols, hydroxy-esters, and ethers are also notably good 
nitrocellulose solvents. It may also be noted that many of the varnish gums em- 
ployed in lacquers are presumed to be esters, yet hydrocarbons and alcohols are the 
most-used gum solvents. 

Since there are many known instances in which a mixture of two or more liquids 
of differing molecular structure exerts a nitrocellulose solvent action superior to 
that of either ingredient, the synthesis of complex solvents has proven an attractive 
field for speculation. It has been reasoned that a material possessing a plurality of 
“solvent groups,” such as the hydroxyl group, the carboxyl group, the carbonyl group, 
and the ether linkage in one molecule would be superior in nitrocellulose solvent 
action to a simpler molecule containing but one “solvent group.” Keyes [J. Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 17, 1120 (1925)] has discussed this subject briefly and has cited instances of 
nitrocellulose solvents carrying more than one “solvent group,” which he character- 
izes as two-type solvents. 

Since nitrocellulose is readily soluble in esters and ketones, and since most gums 
are easily dissolved by alcohols, it would appear that a solvent combining an alcohol 
group with an ester group or ketone group could be employed to dissolve both 
nitrocellulose’ and gum, in which case there would be no necessity for the use of a 
corresponding gum solvent in lacquer formulation. But such reasoning has not yet 
been supported by experimental evidence. For example, diacetone alcohol, a keto- 
alcohol, is an excellent solvent for both nitrocellulose and ester gum. However, when 
these two solutions are combined, a haze results which persists in the dry film and 
which can be cured only by the presence of a high-boiling diluent or quasi-solvent 
such as “Hercosol” or hexahydrophenol. Similarly, ethyl lactate—an hydroxy-ester— 
is a good solvent for both nitrocellulose and for shellac and kauri gums. Yet ethyl 
lactate solutions of nitrocellulose cannot be mixed with ethyl lactate solutions of 
these gums without producing a clouded film unless there is added a diluent such as 
butanol. The same phenomenon is observed in the case of the one-type solvent, butyl 
acetate. This solvent dissolves both nitrocellulose and kauri gum, yet mixtures of 
the solutions are not compatible except in the presence of a diluent such as butanol. 

The ethyl ether of ethylene glycol provides another instance of a nitrocellulose 
solvent containing two solvent groups—viz., the ether linkage and the hydroxyl 
group. It is an excellent solvent for nitrocellulose and for kauri gum, though it does 
not dissolve ester gum. However, when separate solutions of nitrocellulose and kauri 
gum in this solvent are mixed, incompatibility is observed and cloudy films are 
produced. The remedy for this situation is the same as that used in the case of a 
one-type solvent—iz.e., the addition of a high-boiling diluent, such as butanol. On the 
contrary, ester gum, which is soluble in most simple ester solvents, may be made 
compatible with the ethyl ether of ethylene glycol in the same orthodox manner, 
that is, by employing a high-boiling diluent to prevent gum blush. 

* Similar phenomena are known in the cellulose acetate field, where they are of 


greater importance in view of the narrower field of solvent selection—viz. Advisory Comm. 
on Aeronautics—Report 568—HB. J. W. Mardles (1919). 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 13 


These instances are cited to show that however effective a solvent may be for a 
single solute, in the practical formulation of lacquers, solvents possessing theoretically 
desirable solvent-radicle combinations cannot be relied upon offhand to produce the 
desired result. 


Rats oF EvaporaTION versus Bortine Pornt (True Standards). 


For several decades nitrocellulose solvents have been classified into two groups— 
1.e., low-botling solvents and high-boiling solvents. Diluents have been similarly 
classed. Water has been used as the standard, substances boiling at temperatures 
below 100° C. being rated as “low boilers.” This method of classification follows 
formulation use fairly well,* since the low-boiling solvents are employed to reduce 
cost, reduce drying time, and to increase bulk, whereas high-boiling solvents are 
used to reduce volatility, inhibit “blush,” and to increase flow. 

Despite its popularity, this classification is an extremely inaccurate one. The 
erroneous idea that the boiling point of a solvent or diluent is an index of its 
evaporation behavior has greatly obstructed the efforts of the formulator. As a 
matter of fact, other variables make prediction impossible on this basis. The term 
“boiling point” has no scientific significance except as it describes the temperature 
at which the vapor pressure of the liquid under consideration is equal to one at- 
mosphere (760 mm. Hg) of pressure. In determining the volatility of lacquer 
liquids, we are concerned with the vapor pressure at the temperature of evaporation 
—not at the boiling point. 

The ratio of volatility of two liquids at room temperature cannot be predicted 
by comparing their boiling points. For example, while normal butyl acetate boils at 
126.5°, some 12° higher than butanol, at room temperature it evaporates about twice 
as rapidly as that material, and a similar phenomenon occurs in the case of the 
other acetic esters and their corresponding alcohols. Similarly, many lacquer solvents 
which boil at a temperature above the boiling point of water evaporate much more 
rapidly than water. 

Recognition of the disparity between the boiling point relations of various sol- 
vents and their comparative volatility at room temperatures has led to a study of 
vapor pressure curves. The vapor pressures of various lacquer solvents at widely 
varying temperatures have been plotted as curves, and the vapor pressure at room 
temperature (temperature of evaporation) has been determined by measurement 
or extrapolation. Davidson [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 672 (1926)] has prepared several 
charts in which the vapor pressure curves of various liquids are imposed on the 
same diagram. In a number of cases these curves cross during their ascent, indicating 


* Keyes [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 17, 560 (1925)] describes three classes of solvents—viz., 
low boilers, medium boilers, and high boilers. The boiling ranges for these materials are 
“below 100°,” “near 125°,” and “above 150°.’”’ respectively. Despite the admitted advantage 
of a closer subdivision, the authors doubt the advisability of this classification. Under 
such a division, the standard much-used “high boilers’ such as butyl acetate, amyl acetate 
and butyl propionate, together with new and interesting materials such as the ethyl and 
methyl ethers of ethylene glycol, are placed in a sub-division of doubtful importance. 
Further, the only two solvents that are practically employed and which fall within the 
high boiler class are ethyl lactate and diacetone alcohol. Whatever the merits of these 
materials, it cannot be denied that they have not found a use comparable in magnitude to 
that of the standard high-boiling solvents. 


14 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


that at certain critical points of temperature the solvents represented by the inter- 
secting curves have identical vapor pressures, whereas, at temperatures above and 
below the critical points, the solvents differ conversely in speed of evaporation. 

The consideration given to the comparative volatility of lacquer solvents and 
diluents by means of vapor pressure curves must be credited as a vastly more 
correct line of attack than the empirical consideration of boiling points. Within the 
limits of the accuracy of measurement, figures thus obtained are doubtless scientifi- 
cally correct expressions of what occurs. However, even these figures are not 
suitable for use by the lacquer formulator. Vapor pressure determinations do not 
take into account the weight of the molecules vaporized, whereas, the rate of evapora- 
tion of a liquid is ordinarily expressed as the weight volatilized per hour per unit 
of surface or, more accurately, in ratio to the evaporation of a standard. The rela- 
tive rate of evaporation of substances of identical vapor pressure is thus seen to 
depend on the molecular complexity of the solvents involved. Even if two liquids 
are found to have the same vapor pressure at room temperature (temperature of 
evaporation), still the rates of evaporation of these two substances will differ— 
unless they are of identical molecular weight. Still another factor must be applied 
to vapor pressure curves before they are descriptive of evaporation conditions— 
namely, the latent heat of vaporization * of the liquid in question. 

At the present time the most useful method of evaluating solvent volatility is 
the empirical one, that is the actual determination of rates of evaporation at room 
temperature. With proper laboratory technique, there is no reason why fairly accu- 
rate determinations may not be made. The general method consists in exposing 
shallow vessels containing the liquids to room temperature, either in still air or in 
a regulated draft. The vessels are weighed at frequent intervals and the solvent loss 
is plotted against the minutes required for evaporation. Results obtained in this 
way cannot be easily duplicated since variance in room temperature, barometric 
pressure, humidity, and air currents will change the results. For this reason it is 
necessary that the entire group of liquids, concerning which information is desired, 
be tested at the same time. 

Serious errors may be committed in conducting this simple evaporation test. 
Evaporation figures have been reported that were based on experiments in which 
only the first 50 per cent of the volatile liquids tested were evaporated. Work of 
this sort gives valueless results, since practically all commercial solvents and 
diluents are so impure that they evaporate unevenly.** A factor of evaporation 
based on the first 50 per cent of material evaporated is no more accurate than a 
boiling range determination conducted in the same manner. 

While accurate data on the relative rates of evaporation for solvents and 
diluents is valuable to the lacquer formulator, care must be taken in attempting to 
predict the rate of evaporation of a mixture of lacquer liquids from knowledge of the 
evaporation rates of the component materials. The deviation of solvent mixtures 
from Raoult’s law is well known. Frequently, the vapor pressure of a solvent mix- 

* Dr. H. A. Gardner has published a very brief discussion (“Latent Heat of Vaporiza- 
tion of Lacquer Solvents,” Circular 236, Scientific Section, Paint Mfrs. Assn.) of the factor 
of latent heat, together with a series of tables showing the comparative temperature drop 
of solvents during evaporation at room temperature in forced draft. 

** For example the esters such as ethyl, butyl, and amyl acetate are sold to the trade 


in 85% concentration—the remainder being alcohol. In a like manner, diacetone alcohol 
contains 15% acetone, commercial benzol contains traces of toluol, ete. 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 15 


ture is appreciably -higher than Raoult’s law would indicate and the rate of evapora- 
tion of such mixtures is abnormally high. Occasionally the reverse is true. 

While intelligent prediction of the approximate volatility of a mixture of 
lacquer solvents may be made if only well-known materials are employed, there 
is no substitute for an actual laboratory test, if correct data are desired. In this 
connection it should be noted that the presence of nitrocellulose and gum in the 
drying lacquer will also affect the net speed of evaporation.* A gelled or blushed 
film appears to retain solvent traces for a longer period than a normal one. 


Opor AND ReEsIpUAL Opor 


Many lacquer solvents and diluents have prominent odors, and the vapors of 
these materials are more or less irritating to the nasal passages and lungs. It is 
only natural, therefore, that a great deal of attention has been paid to the matter 
of solvent odor. From time to time exaggerated claims have been made for what 
have been described as “odorless lacquers.” While there are some solvents known 
which, while not truly odorless, have, nevertheless, mild and pleasant odors, none 
of these are adapted to become the sole volatile constituent of a lacquer. 

It matters very little to the user and “inhaler” of lacquer, exactly which volatile 
ingredient it is that he smells with pleasure or distaste. So long as lacquers are 
prepared by mixing a number of volatile constituents, no lacquer will be odorless 
unless its several constituents meet this requirement singly. The principal economy 
achieved in lacquer formulation consists in adding large quantities of cheap hydro- 
carbons to the more expensive nitrocellulose solution. Until such time arrives 
that a volatile hydrocarbon is discovered and manufactured which has desirable 
properties for lacquer formulation and is, at the same time, non-odorous or of mild 
pleasant odor, the question of odorless lacquers will remain unsolved. 

Quite distinct and much more important is the question of residual odor im- 
parted to lacquer films by volatilized solvents. If chemically pure solvents and 
diluents were employed, the question of residual odor would be non-existent for 
the liquid portion of lacquer is intended to disappear completely during evapora- 
tion. Residual odor is caused almost entirely by the employment of impure solvents. 
A dry film comprising nitrocellulose, gum, plasticizer, and pigment is not noticeably 
odorous, and good lacquers are available in large quantity which have no perceptible 
residual odor. In the case of ester-type solvents, it is usually traces of esters of 
higher fatty acids, formed from impure acid during esterification—and not removed 
during rectification—which cause the trouble. In some cases, notably that of ethyl 
lactate, a part of the odor may be caused by the presence of free acid. 


SotventT MIXTURES AND SOLVENT BALANCE 


In the preceding sections of this chapter the characteristics of individual solvents 
and diluents have been discussed. Commercial lacquers actually consist of complex 
mixtures of nitrocellulose and gum with solvent and diluent. When proper admix- 
ture is secured the resultant material is a uniform colloidal dispersion which, in the 
case of clear lacquers where the effect can best be observed, does not show any 


* Hans Wolf and Ch. Dorn have discussed this point and presented comparative curves 
[Farben Ztg., 28, 31-3 (1922)]. 


16 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER a 


sign of cloudiness. The lacquer evaporates uniformly, without any change except 
that caused by solvent volatilization, and finally forms a clear, tough, adherent, film. 

When improper admixture of lacquer ingredients occurs, difficulties sometimes 
arise at the very time of compounding, and on other occasions the material may 
give no sign of defect until it is applied to a surface and permitted to dry. A solu- 
tion of nitrocellulose will tolerate the addition of some quantity of a non-solvent, 
but after a critical point is reached, the addition of further non-solvent may cause 
a precipitation or gelling of the nitrocellulose. In the same manner, solutions of 
some gums in hydrocarbons or alcohols will tolerate the addition of a certain 
quantity of ester (nitrocellulose solvent), but a critical limit of tolerance may be 
reached in such instances also. 

It may readily be seen that the amount of cheap diluent that it is possible to 
add to an expensive nitrocellulose solution to form a lacquer may depend largely 
on the limit of tolerance of the nitrocellulose solvent for the diluent, and that 
hence the limit of tolerance (dilution ratio) of a nitrocellulose solvent mixture is 
indeed an important property. 

While the amounts of diluents that can be added to lacquers without causing 
incompatibility or gelling may be readily determined from’a study of the limits 
of tolerance of the ingredients, it will be remembered that the liquid ingredients 
of lacquer evaporate at varying rates and that the balance of solvent, diluent, gum, 
and nitrocellulose may be disturbed during the drying period. If one type of 
ingredient evaporates much more rapidly than the other, the limit of tolerance 
of the nitrocellulose solutions for the diluents or of the gum-diluent solution for 
the solvents may be exceeded at some point during the drying period and a gelling 
or precipitation may occur. In the industry, this type of phenomenon is known as 
blush. Such a blush may appear during the drying period but may disappear again 
before the film has set, in which case it is described as temporary blush. More 
often, the blush is permanent and a chalky, non-adherent, lusterless film results. 
Marois’ “Sotvent Power NuMBER” 

-It is believed that the first systematic work on the tolerance of nitrocellulose 
solutions for diluents was done by E. W. J. Mardles* during and since the World 
War, though insofar as the subject is related to theoretical colloid chemistry and 
the transition of gels to sols there are, of course, earlier references. Most of 
Mardles work was with cellulose acetate solutions, but some data on nitrocellulose 
are also reported. Mardles observed that the solubility of cellulose esters varies with 
the temperature. Apparently each liquid has a critical temperature, below which 
it is not a solvent for cellulose esters. When a solution of cellulose ester is cooled 
to the critical temperature, a gelling occurs. 

Mardles found that the addition of a non-solvent to a solution of cellulose ester 
had the effect of ravsing the critical temperature until, at length, sufficient non- 
solvent could be added to cause the solution to gell at room temperature. On the 

* Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (Brit.), Reports and Memoranda No. 568, “Pre- 
liminary Report on the Study of Solvents of Nitrocellulose Esters,” Dec., 1918, by E. W. J. 
Mardles and Assistants; publ. by H. M. Stationery Office. 

“Study of the Solvents of Some Cellulose Esters,” J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42, 127 (1923). 

“The Correlation of Solvent Power and the Viscosity of Cellulose Ester Solutions,” 
J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 42, 207T (1923). 


“The Dissolution of Substances in Mixed Liquids with hit Reference to Colloids,” 
J. Ohem. Soc., 125, 2244 (1924). 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 17 


basis of these facts he devised a means for evaluating solvents on the basis of the 
amount of dilution they would stand at room temperature (20°C). Mardles’ “sol- 
vent power number” is defined as the number of cubic centimeters of miscible 
non-solvent (petroleum spirit) required to start precipitation of nitrocellulose from 
1 gram of a 5 per cent solution at 20° C. 

Mardles also reported a close relation between the viscosity of cellulose ester 
solutions and the “solvent power number” as determined with petroleum spirit. 
The conclusion was drawn that the best solvent mixture would be the least viscous, 
since low viscosity indicates a high degree of dispersion. It should be noted, how- 
ever, that not all solvents with high tolerance values are “rapid” solvents, nor is 
there actually a very close relation between the solvent power number of a pure 
nitrocellulose solvent and the viscosity of its solutions. 

Dilution ratios expressing the limit of tolerance of nitrocellulose solvents for 
various non-solvents are meeting favor as indices of solvent value and, in fact, are 
extremely useful to the lacquer formulator. A solvent cannot be evaluated by 
its evaporation rate alone, since many excellent solvents for nitrocellulose are so 
intolerant of diluents that the expense of lacquers employing them is prohibitive. 

The method of determining the dilution ratio (limit of tolerance) of a solvent 
is extremely simple and consists merely in titrating a nitrocellulose solution until 
so much non-solvent has been added that the nitrocellulose becomes gelled or pre- 
cipitated. This determination is adaptable to “back-titration” and if an excess of 
non-solvent has been added, the mixture may be “brought back” by merely adding 
a little more of the nitrocellulose solution and retitrating until a sharp end point 
is reached. 

The amount of non-solvent tolerated by a nitrocellulose solution varies with 
the concentration of the solution and, in the past, various experimenters have fallen 
into the error of comparing dilution ratios of various solvents on the basis of 
solutions of varying concentration. For example, Davidson [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, 
669 (1926)] performed tests on nitrocellulose solutions of initial concentration of 
ten per cent. While the figures thus obtained are scientifically accurate, it should 
be noted that, since solvents vary widely in their tolerance for non-solvents, the 
final mixtures of solvent and non-solvent vary just as widely in their volume and 
in the consequent concentration of nitrocellulose therein. Secondly, since all dilu- 
tion ratios vary with the concentration of nitrocellulose, and since the purpose of 
determining the dilution ratio is to learn the amount of non-solvent that will be 
tolerated in a completed lacquer, the dilution ratios of real value are those that are 
determined from mixtures which approximate true lacquers at the time that the 
end points of the tests are reached.* 


BLUSH 


The non-solvent which is the principal cause of blush in drying lacquer films is a 
material that is not added by the formulator but which is introduced into the 
lacquer film during the evaporation of the liquids into the air—namely, water. 

The evaporation of volatile solvents and diluents from a drying lacquer film 
produces a drop in temperature in the air surrounding the surface of the film on 

* Brown and Bogin [J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 968 (1927)] have described an improved 


technique for the determination of dilution ratios and have listed values for the most 
important solvents. 


18 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


account of the absorption of heat by the vaporizing liquids (latent heat of vapori- 
zation) and this resultant temperature is frequently below the dew point of the 
air. In such cases, some of the water vapor present in the air near the drying film 
is deposited in liquid form on the film itself where it may precipitate or coagulate 
the lacquer and produce a chalky white film of low adherence and tensile strength. 
This phenomenon, which is analogous to the “sweating” of a pitcher of ice water 
in warm air, is the cause of much trouble in the industrial application of lacquer. 
The trouble varies in intensity in accordance with the temperature and humidity 
of the air, hot humid days naturally causing the most trouble. 

The remedy for “water blush” is a simple one. It consists in employing a 
lacquer containing a proportion of high boilers sufficiently great to reduce the rate 
of evaporation so that the cooling effect of the volatilizing liquids will not be 
sufficient to cause water to be precipitated from the air. Naturally, the amount of 
high-boiling solvents required for this purpose will vary with the temperature of 
the air and its humidity. The high-boiling solvents that are useful as preventatives 
of blush are also the most expensive ingredients of commercial lacquers, and the 
types of lacquers employed in industry frequently blush in hot humid weather. 
However, the better grades of industrial lacquer, and nearly all brush lacquers, 
contain sufficient high boilers so that they are practically “blush-proof.” Indus- 
trial lacquers for spray application are frequently sold in combination with a 
“fortifier’ which, it is directed, should be added to the lacquer during humid 


weather. This “fortifier” consists of a liquid containing an excess of high-boiling 


solvents and by its addition a lacquer may be adjusted to prevent water blush. 

Solvents are frequently rated on their “anti-blush properties.” This may be 
done by setting up a base lacquer consisting entirely of “low boilers” so that it will 
blush badly even in a relatively dry and cold atmosphere. To this lacquer, varying 
proportions of high-boiling solvents are then added, and the minimum proportion 
of high-boiling solvent required to prevent blush at a stated humidity and tem- 
perature is determined by experiment. “Blush-testers,” consisting of specially de- 
signed boxes in which temperature and humidity are carefully controlled, are used 
for this purpose. 

While fairly accurate results may be obtained in this method of solvent evalua- 
tion, the anti-blush properties of a mixture of solvents cannot be predicted from 
the behavior of these materials when tested separately. It has been shown that 
the rate of evaporation of a single solvent is but little indication of its behavior 
in a complex mixture, since it may form mixtures of maximum vapor pressure with 
other liquids and thus may evaporate more rapidly or more slowly than its evapora- 
tion rate indicates. Almost any standard lacquer formula will contain several 
ingredients and there is always the possibility existent that the added high-boiling 
solvent to be tested will not function alone, but will evaporate largely as a constant 
evaporating mixture with some other ingredients. ’ 

A variation of the blushing phenomenon is sometimes observed, in that a blush 
may appear on a drying film and may then vanish before the film has dried. 
This occurrence is described as temporary blush and is usually caused by poor 
solvent balance. For example, a lacquer comprising nitrocellulose dissolved in ethyl 
acetate containing a very small proportion of extremely high-boiling solvent may 
evaporate so rapidly, at first, that water may be precipitated on the wet film which 
then acquires a whitened appearance. In such a case, however, the water may be 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 19 


reevaporated from the surface of the film at such a rate that all will have disap- 
peared while some of the high-boiling solvent still remains in the moist film. The 
blush will disappear as the water evaporates and the final film will not show a 
blushed appearance. 


Cotton BuLusH 


Cotton blush differs from water blush only in its origin, the appearance of the 
two phenomena being practically identical. It is caused by an excess of diluents 
present in the drying film. While the original liquid lacquer may not contain a 
proportion of diluent over solvent sufficient to exceed the limit of tolerance, the 
dilution ratios of the solvents present may be exceeded during the drying period 
if high-boiling diluents are employed in the formula and are not balanced by adding 
high-boiling solvents. The excess diluents present in such cases will precipitate the 
nitrocellulose in the still-wet film, and a white, non-adherent, coating will be 
formed after all of the diluents have evaporated. 

Properly formulated lacquers have no tendency toward cotton blush and, untike 
water blush, this phenomenon is capable of definite control since varying atmos- 
pheric conditions do not deter or aggravate it. 


Gum BuusH 


Gum blush is similar in appearance to water blush and cotton blush. It is 
caused by an excess of gum non-solvents (usually the nitrocellulose solvents) over 
gum solvents in the drying film. As in the case of cotton blush, the original liquid 
lacquer may contain a proper balance of solvent and diluent so that both nitro- 
cellulose and gum are held in solution, yet if due regard is not given to striking a 
proper balance in the evaporation rates of nitrocellulose solvents and gum solvents, 
the former may predominate in the drying film to such an extent that the gum 
will be precipitated. 

Gum blush is productive of more trouble in lacquer manufacture than both 
water blush and cotton blush together; for, while the basis of the phenomenon is 
well understood, corrective measures are not always easy to apply. The most 
trouble experienced in this connection is with the gums that are soluble only in 
diluents (hydrocarbons or alcohols). Some lacquer formulators favor the use of 
small percentages of extremely high-boiling solvents (in the range of 150-180° C.) 
which evaporate much more slowly than most lacquer liquids. Many such sub- 
stances are known that are good solvents for nitrocellulose, and lacquers containing 
no gum or containing only ester-soluble gums can be prepared with these materials. 
However, when it is desired to employ gums which are best soluble in alcohols 
or hydrocarbons or mixtures of these two substances, difficulty is experienced in 
finding a hydrocarbon or alcohol of a correspondingly low evaporation rate (and 
otherwise suitable for lacquers) that may be added to the lacquer to balance the 
high-boiling solvent and to prevent gum blush. 

The remedy for gum blush lies only in providing a proper balance between 
nitrocellulose solvent and gum solvent in the lacquer so that traces of both ma- 
terials will still be present in the lacquer film just prior to the final drying and 
setting. 


20 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


EFrrect oF SOLVENTS ON Lacquer APPLICATION 


In the foregoing sections of this chapter the fundamental considerations involved 
in the proper selection of solvents and diluents have been discussed, and the neces- 
sity of securing a correct blending or balancing of solvent properties, evaporation 
rates, and limits of tolerance has been stressed. Proper attention to the points 
mentioned will permit the formulation of the liquid portion of lacquer on correct 
physicochemical principles, and materials thus prepared will satisfy the elementary 
tests for successful surface-coating materials. It must be remarked, however, that 
the solvent and diluent portions of lacquer have a profound effect on the character 
of the final film which is actually formed during their removal. Unlike some of 
the previously discussed points, no clear explanation exists for some of the effects 
observed, but experiment has proven their importance. 

Foremost among the practical difficulties in the spray application of lacquer is 
a phenomenon which has a most descriptive name—i.e., orange peeling. This effect 
is best described as a dimpling of the lacquer surface. The dry film has the varie- 
gated cratered surface which is typical of the skin of citrous fruit and of egg shells. 
True orange peel is seldom observed in lacquer films applied by brushing or dipping, 
so that it seems fair to assume that it is caused by the spray gun. 

Orange peel is an economic waste since, in the automobile finishing art where 
it is frequently encountered, it is necessary to remove the cratered surface by sand- 
ing or polishing, with the result that much of the lacquer applied to the surface 
must be rubbed off again to secure smoothness. It should be remarked that the 
orange peel surface is by no means unpleasant in appearance. The numerous tiny 
craters or dimples, which may be observed with the naked eye, serve to reflect light 
at every angle and the delicately mottled surface may have a distinct ssthetic 
appeal. However, the public has been educated to expect complete “smoothness” 
in film appearance. 

Whatever may be the physical explanation of orange peel, the fact remains 
that it is a function, both of the technique of spray application and of the char- 
acter of the lacquer applied. It appears most reasonable to assume that it is 
caused by the pressure of air in the spray gun against the moist lacquer, and by 
the impact of tiny droplets of lacquer against the moist but already drying lacquer 
film. It should be noted that a well formulated lacquer will orange peel if 1m- 
proper technique is employed in spraying and, on the contrary, a lacquer con- 
sisting only of cheap low-boiling solvents may be applied without orange peeling 
if extreme precautions are taken in the handling of the spray gun. 

In general, it may be stated that lacquers containing only rapidly evaporating 
solvents (low boilers) are the worst offenders. This is supposedly due to the fact 
that the lacquer film dries so rapidly that the craters formed on the impact of 
the droplets do not have an opportunity to level out before the film dries. It 
may also be accurately stated that a poor lacquer, as previously described, may 
be improved and its tendency to orange peel may be practically eliminated by 
reducing its rate of evaporation (7.e., by adding high-boiling solvents and diluents). 
Again, it appears that the function of the slowly evaporating liquids in preventing 
orange peel lies in the evaporation rate, the drying of the lacquer being retarded 
so far beyond the moment when the last spraying occurs that the moist film has 
an opportunity to level out before drying. Frequently, also, the tendency of a 


J 


“Ds 
om} 
> 


LACQUER SOLVENTS AND DILUENTS 21 


lacquer to orange peel may be due to its viscosity, and improvement may result 
by adding more liquid. 


FLow 


Orange peel itself is one example of poor flow, since it is caused by the in- 
ability of the moist lacquer to level out and to automatically eliminate the imper- 
fections of surface caused by the method of application. However, poor flow 
is a term widely and, it is feared, ununiformly used in the industry as descriptive 
of a lacquer of generally unsatisfactory coating qualities. It is extremely. im- 
probable that the various phenomena thus described have a common origin. 

Most commonly, poor flow is caused by too great a viscosity in the finished 
lacquer, and the flow of most lacquers may be improved by slight dilution. Dilu- 
tion necessitates the use of a higher solvent proportion which is uneconomical and 
undesirable. For this reason, good flow is ordinarily sought after by using a flow- 
producing liquid as part of the lacquer formula, and this remedy may be employed 
without reducing the concentration of the nitrocellulose. No scientific explanation 
is available to disclose why butanol and fusel oil, incorporated in a lacquer, do 
greatly improve the flowing properties of the material, but this is the fact. Sur- 
face tension doubtless plays an important part. Since nitrocellulose of varying 
viscosities is employed in lacquers, no definite standard may be set up. The more 
viscous the nitrocellulose, the less can be added to the solvent solution and other 
ingredients and yet produce a lacquer of a definite low viscosity standard. 

A variety of application trouble frequently met in applying lacquers is that 
known as sagging. This is evidenced in the drying film, particularly on vertical 
surfaces, by the formation of runners or droplets on the surface. Sagging is nearly 
always due, both in the case of spray application and in brush application, to the 
use of too thick a unit coat, though lacquers of low viscosity are most apt to sag. 

Frequently, lacquers having a poor flow assume a mottled uneven appearance 
during the last stages of drying. There are a number of variations of this surface, 
depending mainly on the thickness of the film deposited. It may vary from an 
uneven rippled film very coarse to touch, in the worst cases, down to an almost 
smooth film which shows only very fine lines, in the best cases. When examined 
under a microscope, such a film will be seen to consist of a cell structure somewhat 
resembling “chicken wire.” The film appears to be thinner along these lines, 
resembling a flat surface intersected by crevices. In the worst cases, the pigment 
appears to be more concentrated along these lines than in the center of the “cells.” 


GELLED FILMs 


In cases where too great a proportion of non-solvent alcohol is employed in 
lacquer, the resultant film, while showing no perceptible trace of actual blush, will 
be found to be of very low tensile strength and adherence. This is caused by a 
gelling of the film which occurs before all of the liquids have evaporated from 
the surface. It has been aptly called a “transparent blush.” The low adherence 
of this type of film is due to the fact that the film, previously formed, practically 
“floats” on top of the liquid portion of the lacquer until evaporation is complete, 
and no good contact with the undersurface is made. In such a case, the tolerance 


22 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


of the lacquer for non-solvent (alcohol) is exceeded during the drying period, and 
precipitation takes place exactly as in the cases of cotton blush and gum blush. 


THINNERS 


Lacquer thinner is presumed to consist of the volatile portion of lacquer alone, 
and is usually marketed separately from the finished lacquer. In the spray appli- 
cation of lacquer, thinner is employed to reduce viscosity and concentration prior 
to application. In both spray application and in brush application, thinner is 
used for cleaning up equipment, brushes, etc. Brush lacquer put up for retail 
consumption already contains sufficient volatiles, and there is no occasion for the 
use of thinner except to replace evaporation losses. 

The best possible thinner for use with any lacquer consists of the same volatile 
ingredients that are present in the lacquer, and in the same proportions. For clean- 
ing up equipment, spray guns, etc., a cheaper solvent mixture, such for example 
as acetone and benzol, will suffice. The trade tendency is to cheapen thinners 
as much as possible by employing only low-boiling solvents, and by using large 
proportions of hydrocarbons. This tendency is to be deplored, since the addition 
of extra “low boilers” to a carefully balanced solvent formula may cause blush, and 
additional hydrocarbon may have the same effect. The greatest economy should 
lie in employing thinners only for actually thinning lacquer, and in using the 
proper ingredients for such a purpose. “Washing up” may be accomplished with 
much cheaper mixtures. i 


= 


ee tee 


NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER PATENT 
ABSTRACTS 


Unirep STATES PATENTS 


Thomson, E. & Callan, John 
Applied—April 24, 1902 
Assigned—General Electric Co. 
US.P—11,997 Reissued 
Issued—May 27, 1902 | 

A tough, flexible, difficultly inflam- 
mable composition consisting of a cel- 
lulose acetate solution with a softener 
such as castor oil. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
ROMERO ys okies ses + as 5 parts 
ANON eG ah fendi ls vieiens 2 ales 50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Cresol, essen- 


tial oils, formic cellulose ester, pro- 
pionic cellulose ester, butyric cellulose 
ester, benzoic cellulose ester, phenyl- 
acetic cellulose ester, phenyl-propionic 
cellulose ester, oleic cellulose ester, 
angelic cellulose ester. 


Bachrach, David 
Applied—Aug. 25, 1910 
US.P—13,793 RI. 

Issued—Sept. 1, 1914 

Pyroxylin composition is made non- 
inflammable by precipitation in it of 
silicic acid by addition of silicate 
salts, or esters and an acid. 

Type Formula: 
Methy] silicate 
Pyroxylin 
Acid to convert to silicate 
Calcium carbonate to neutralize 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl silicate, 
amy] silicate. 


e@eoeseereeoeeee ee ee 


eeoreeee eer ees ee ee eee ee 


Hoffman, Henry 
US.P.—18,338 
Issued—Oct. 6, 1857 
Fluid bronze composition composed 
of bronze powder, collodion and spirits 
of turpentine. 
Optional Constituents:—Castor oil. 


23 


Johnston, A. K. & Dow, L. 
U.S.P.—35,687 | 
Issued—June 24, 1862 

A composition for waterproofing 
cartridges, obtained by treating veg- 
etable matter, such as cotton, flax, 
sugar, with nitric or nitric and sul- 
phuric acids and dissolving the prod- 
uct in alcohol and ether. 

Optional Constituents:—Potassium chlo- 
rate, potassium nitrate, petroleum, 
paraffin, turpentine. 


Seely, Charles A. 

Applied— 
US.P.—79,261 
Issued—June 23, 1868 

Nitro-glucose is added to solutions 
of collodion for the purpose of ob- 
taining tougher and more flexible 
films. 


Ely, Alfred B. 
US.P.—88,948 
Issued—April 13, 1869 
The use of pyroxylin and its com- 
pounds in the manufacture of cart- 
ridge cases. 
Type Formula: 


Pyrosvine- fit .e tes 20-24 parts 
VY Bi Nites wh ctaiscabia ge oe ates 5- 7 parts 
IVETE Lia Nace anc stes ean ss 3— 5 parts 
Solvents 

Optional Constituents:—Oils, gums, 


resins, 


Hyatt, J. W. & Blake, David 
Applied— 
US.P.—89,582 
Issued—May 4, 1869 
A plastic made by combining col- 
lodion with an inert matter. 


24 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Chr tVEEON oe pas ce ow aes 1 Ib. 
PIBVGC IG cies vita 0a +t eee ee 3 lbs 
Alcohol 


Ether equal parts 


Optional Constituents:—Paper-flock, as- 
bestos. 


Spill, Daniel 
Applied— 
US.P—91,377 
Issued—June 15, 1869 

Composition of matter containing 

xyloidine, camphor, paraffin or similar 
substance and a non-volatile solvent 
such as linseed oil. Pigments may be 


present. 

Type Formula: 
Camimhor has «snes 18 parts wt. 
Linseed ol .5 syes tena 44 parts wt. 
PRVIORCING Gt Soe chase 38 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Vegetable tar, 
mineral tar, lard oil, cod liver oil, 
heavy coil oil, paraffin, resins, fat, 
wax, India rubber, gutta-percha, balata 
gum. 


Spill, Daniel 
Applied— 
US.P.—91,378 
Issued—June 15, 1869 
Composition of matter for insulating 
telegraph wires consisting of xyloidine, 
a non-volatile solvent and resin. 
Optional Constituents:—Oils, resins, tar, 
asphalt, pigments, gutta percha, par- 
affin. 


Whitehouse, Edward O. W. 
Applied— 
US.P.—91,393 
Issued—June 15, 1869 
Insulating material for telegraph 
wires consisting of gun-cotton, alcohol, 
ether and an oily substance. 
Type Formula: 
Gun-cotton, 
Alcohol, 
Ether, 
Asphalt. 
Optional Constituents:—Resins, tar, pig- 
ments. 


Connor, Dan A. 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—92,269 


Issued—July 6, 1869 
Use of collodion solutions in finish- 
ing of hats. 


Spill, Daniel 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—97,454 
Issued—Nov. 30, 1869 

Composition of matter consisting of 

xyloidine, castor oil, camphor and 
alcohol. The incorporation of nitro- 
cellulose non-solvents such as hydro- 
carbons, in nitrocellulose solutions in 
camphor oil. 

Type Formula: 


Xyloidine -.<\iseseuneene 27 parts wt 
Castor oil -i oun 27 parts wt 
Camphor | i525) cet 6 parts wt 
Solvents (alcohol) ..... 40 parts wt. 
Optional Constetuents:—Camphor oil, 


hydrocarbons, residual products from 
distillation of coal, shale, ete., carbon 
bisulphide, aldehyde, lard oil, cod 
liver oil, tar oil, paraffine, resins, fat, 
wax. 

See also U.S.P. 91,377. 


Spill, Daniel 
Applied— 
US.P.—101,175 
Issued—March 22, 1870 
‘Composition of matter consisting of 
xyloidine, solvent and pigment. Nitro- 
cellulose may be dyed during manu- 
facture and then employed in plastic 
masses. 
Type Formula: 
Ayloidine:. .sccceweeneeeeeee 1 part 
Solvent (see U.S.P. 97,454).. 5 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Pigments. 


Fillion, O. E. 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—102,798 
Issued—May 10, 1870 

Composition of matter used in 

manufacturing of artificial flowers con- 
sisting of collodion, turpentine, and 
glycerine. 

Type Formula: 


Collodion.: -..:j:0meeeee 100 parts wt. 
Castor oil....s.. see 12 parts wt. 
Glycerine: -..3 aye ee 2 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Venetian tur- 
pentine, potassium arsenite, aniline 
dyes. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 25 


Winter, Robert 
Applied— 
US.P.—104,241 
Issued—June 14, 1870 
A coating for photographs consisting 
of collodion to which, after drying, 
varnish is added. 


Hyatt, John & Hyatt, Isiah 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—105,338 
Issued—July 12, 1870 
Composition of matter consisting of 
pyroxylin and camphor, liquified by 
heating. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxlin 2 parts wt. 
RPMI oer Gas ae cee ss 1 part wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Pigments, dyes. 


eoceceeewe eee eee ee 


Minor, Peter E. 
Applied— 
US.P.—112,370 
Issued—March 7, 1871 
A water-proof composition consist- 
ing of collodion, Venice turpentine, 
castor oil, glycerine and shellac. 
Type Formula: 


RO eo ee 0 es ans uv 8 30 parts 
Venice turpentine ......... 1 part 
OS RE ae 1 part 
Shellac (in alcohol) ......: 2 parts 
PSI ORTIG vin ok 5 ch vay eiws os 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
ter. 


Harris, John H. 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—126,698 
Issued—May 14, 1872 
Composition of matter consisting of 
collodion and gum shellac or rubber, 
for coating cigar tips. 


Newton, Marcellus 
Applied— 
U. S. P.—128,416 
Issued—June 25, 1872 
Cotton is dissolved by first adding 
alcohol and then “sulfuric ether.” 


Babcock, J.; Leonard, Wm. & Crane, E. 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—136,953 
Issued—March 18, 1873 


A composition of matter for coating 
matches, consisting of collodion solu- 
tion, gum copal, camphor and olive 
oil. 

Type Formula: 


Collodion cotton ....... 480 grains 
Crrrogéopal. ooo eck 200 grains 
Gatnbhory scons: a 80 grains 
OlimeeOtl 065 acc «vies x eR small amount 


Rotter, Charles 
Applied—May 5, 1873 
US.P.—139,333 
Issued—May 27, 1873 
A bronze varnish composed of mica 
silver, collodion and an aniline dye. 
Type Formula: 


Woes ever 2 26 ee % oz 
Ciear= eoliodion( 2. 0, 3 OZ. 
Dye 


Optional Constituents:—Aurosit, aniline 
yellow, curcumine, aniline. 


Gray, George & Gray, Robert 
Applied—March 13, 1874 
U.S.P.—149,216 
Issued—March 31, 1874 

A compound for waterproofing tex- 
tile fabrics and other materials, made 
of collodion and a solution of India- 
rubber in castor oil. Miscibility is at- 
tained by adding ether. 

Type Formula: 


Tnens-rubber 0s ee alee 1 oz. 
COLUGUION » sae pa eae oh 2 OZ. 
AC WHILE isis a ee ene 4 oz. 
CSAGLOR OL cee hhh: pei or 8 oz. 
Sulphate.of gine «.... 5. esc 1 oz 


Smith, Daniel D. 
Applied—March 2, 1874 
U.S.P.—150,722 
Issued—May 12, 1874 

A plastic mass for imitation corals, 

consisting of gun-cotton, gum copal, 
alcohol, stannic chloride, gum shellac, 
ether, gold chloride, magnesium oxide, 
stannous chloride and mercury oxide 
with added coloring matter, 

Type Formula: 


Gun-sottons7 ai. Reese 24 parts 
Ghumn copaluasicvekisin. sees ou 5 parts 
Aleohol, o.. clk, gx aol te 10 parts 


26 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula—Continued: 


Stannic chloride ........... Yq part 
Crum shelling cidc./ . voaeee os 1 part 
TOPOT Sek be o5/e aa sein wate 20 parts 
Gold perchloride .......... Yq part 
Magnesium oxide ..... Mat: he! 
Stannous chloride ......... yo part 
Mercury oxide ............ 1 part 


Coloring matter 


Starr, Alfred 

Applied—March 5, 1874 
US.P.—158,188 
Issued—Dec. 29, 1874 

A water-proof varnish formed by 

adding paraffine dissolved in ether to 
cotton dissolved in ether and then 
adding solvents such as naphtha or 
benzine. 

Optional Constituents:—Cologne spirits, 
neats-foot oil, castor oil, linseed oil. 


Dorr, Henry L. 
Applied—Jan. 18, 1875 
U.S.P.—160,010 
Issued—Feb. 23, 1875 

A compound consisting of collodion, 

gum-shellac, and gum-sandarach used 
for fitting or sizing wood preparatory 
to varnishing. 


Type Formula: . 


Collodion -3'.n sua aecr eae 4 parts 
Gum-shellae:o..  ie5a cee ee 3 parts 
Gum-sandarach ............ 1 part 


Fell, Ambrose 

Applied—March 31, 1875 
Assigned—Wm. Phelps and Wm. Smith 
US.P.—170,360 
Issued—Nov. 23, 1875 

Use of nitrocellulose, precipitated in 
the pores of paper by interaction with 
lead acetate to produce vegetable 
parchment. 


Jacob, Charles 

Applied—Oct. 24, 1876 
U.S.P.—190,865 
Issued—May 15, 1877 

A composition for producing bottle 
closures, composed of pyroxylin, alco- 
hol, ether and gutta-percha to which 
powdered bronze or a dye is added. 


Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin ....s:sclsceess eee 25% 
Alcohol and ether ............ 75% 
Gutta-percha’. .:s..9 901 2% 
Optional Constituents:—Bronze, gilt, 


coloring matter. 


Hyatt, John W. 

Applied—Jan. 21, 1878 
U.S.P.—209,570 
Issued—Nov. 5, 1878 

An ebony varnish of the composition 
indicated below, which can be applied 
without causing swelling or expansion 
of the fiber to which it is applied. 


Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin =. J\aiealeeeeee 4 parts 
Alcohols |; lyase eee 37 parts 
Extract of Logwood ........ 7 parts 
Tincture of muriate of iron 8 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methylic spirit, 
shellac, alcoholic solutions of resins, 
alcoholic solutions of gums, spirits of 
camphor. 


Cunningham, R. 
US.P.—225,802 
Issued—March 23, 1880 
Decorative surfaces which have pre- 
viously been coated with copal var- 
nish, are covered with collodion to 
give them gloss. 


Jacob, Charles 

Applied—April 22, 1880 

U.S.P.—234,675 

Issued—Nov. 23, 1880 

A lacquer using creosote from beech 

tar as a plasticizer. Rosin is added 
to thicken the coating and impart 

brilliancy. 


Type Formula: 


Either ©... 00.02 50 parts 
Alcohol °.....s¢e0 seem 50 parts 
Pyroxylin. ..sc. 55 10-15 parts 
Wood creosote ......... 8-10% 
Linseed oil boiled with 

black oxide of man- 

ganese . .4../s, sone . small amount 
Rosin. 2.1. 24 10% 


Optional Constituents:—Methylene, ani- 
line dyes, bronze or other metal pow- 
der, 10-15%. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 27 


Lockwood, Charles S. 
Applied—Feb. 14, 1881 
U.S.P.—246,891 
Issued—Sept. 13, 1881 
The addition of chloral to pyroxy- 
lin containing camphor prevents the 
precipitation of the latter. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin 
ohalaps Oh a 5— 20 parts 
Serra MOK ets che-y sla ce's 0's 100 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Chloral hydrate. 


Carpenter, Wm. B. 
Applied—April 27, 1881 
US.P.—251,410 
Issued—Dec. 27, 1881 
A paper made from asbestos and 
plastic waterproof, simple or com- 
pound substance, such as celluloid, 
lignoid, coroline, shellac, resin, or 
gums. Celluloid and asbestos are 
shredded in water and fabricated into 
paper. After formation, hot rolls or 
solvents are used to thoroughly dis- 
perse the celluloid through the mass. 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol,  tur- 
pentine. 


McCaine, Wm. 
Applied—Nov. 17, 1881 
Assigned—Helen J. McCaine 
US.P.—262,077 
Issued—Aug. 1, 1882 
Composition of matter consisting of 
alcohol, oil of cassia and pyroxylin. 
Use of cassia oil as a latent solvent. 
Type Formula: 


Pyterygin fae. thee. is 10 parts wt. 
CALE WUE pe ine ra 8 parts wt. 
Oil OL CASSIA: ... ae. ees 2 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Benzine, ben- 
zol, volatile products from petroleum, 
coal-shale or other bituminous sub- 
stances, or spirits of turpentine. Col- 
oring matter. 


Parkes, Henry 
Applied—Nov. 21, 1881 
U.S.P—265,337 
Tssued—Oct. 3, 1882 
A pyroxylin solvent composed of 
camphor with carbon tetrachloride, or 
carbon bisulphide, or sulphurous acid. 


Other solvents and materials may be 
used with this solvent mixture. 

Type Formula: 
Br rchn) 00) eee eae ee ee 
Carbon tetrachloride ...... 100 parts 

Optional Constituwents:—Carbon _bisul- 
fide, sulfurous acid, gums, resins, oils, 
dyes, alcohol, spirits of wine, wood 
naphtha, ether, benzoline, gasoline, 
pigments. 

See also Eng. Pat. 1865, May 10, 1879; 
Fr. Pat. 132,495, Sept. 2, 1879; Belg. 
Pat. 56,230, Nov. 14, 1881. 


Stevens, John H., 
Applied—June 12, 1882 
Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—269,340 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 

The use of a class of active solvents 

for pyroxylin. 

Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 
Solvents 2 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Methy] nitrate, 
butyric ether, valeric ether, benzoic 
ether, formic ether, methyl salicylate, 
amyl formate, amyl acetate, amyl 
butyrate, amyl valerianate, sebacylic 
ether, oxalic ether, amylic ether, oxid- 
ized wood alcohol, oil of cherry, oil 
of laurel, heavy cinnamon oil, oil of 
melissa, oil of birch tar, oil of penny- 
royal. 


eooeceeeeee*F eee ee eee 


eecreeoeeeeeoere eee ee oe 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 12, 1882 
US.P.—269,341 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 

An improvement in the pyroxylin 

art consisting of the use of a new 
series of latent solvents. 

Type Formula: 


PyVOSyiiiers. sobaccree ees 2 parts wt. 
Oil of caraway seed ..... 1 part wt. 
AIGOHOIS SRF ae ees eee: 2 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Oil of hyssop, 
oil of sage, oil of tansy, oil of cloves, 
oil of wintergreen, coloring matter. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 12, 1882 
Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—269,342 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 


28 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


The use of dinitrobenzene and of 
coumarine as latent solvents for pyro- 
xylin is claimed. 

Type Formula: 


Pyrorviin’® i. \<5 Caves 10 parts wt 
Dinitro-benzene ..... 5 parts wt 
PLOOROR 4 «bokeh sa Wen 4-10 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents: — Coumarine, 


wood naphtha. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 12, 1882 
Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—269,343 | 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 
The use of a new class of volatile 


solvents in pyroxylin plastics is 
claimed. 

Type Formula: 
PV BORY LID: | iki. Fewitelates 10 parts wt. 
COM POT serene a 6 wee 6 parts wt. 
IADOEGDG.- ccs bees ses 6— 8 parts wt. 


Coloring matter 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, > 


methyl acetate, fusel oil, oil of cha- 
momile, oil of fennel seed, oil of pal- 
marosa, oil of worm seed. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 24, 1882 
Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—269,344 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 

Fusel oil, a non-solvent for pyro- 

xylin has certain uses in pyroxylin 
plastic manufacture, and its use, in 
combination with pyroxylin and pyro- 
xylin solvents listed below (Optional 
Constituents) is claimed. 

Type Formula: 


Proxy) oh. bie, ase. 4 parts wt. 
Buse Ol 2 vs de ewe 3 parts wt. 
CHI OT AYVSSOD” 3.5 0 1 eke 2-3 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Oil of sage, oil 
of tansy, oil of worm seed, oil of fen- 
nel seed, oil of cloves, light oil of cin- 
namon, oil of anise, oil of sassafras, 
oil of chamomile, oil of wintergreen, 
oil of caraway seed, oil of dill, acetal, 
amyl nitrate, amyl nitrite, coloring 
matter. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 24, 1882 
Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. 


US.P.—269,345 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1882 

A mixture, with 95% alcohol, of the 
essential oils and other materials 
listed below (See Optional Constit- 
uents) causes the mixture to become a 
pyroxylin solvent, which is claimed. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin: 3c. eee 4 parts wt 
Aleohol 2.49550 3 parts wt. 
Acetal 2.1.1. cneeeee 2-3 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl nitrate, 
amyl nitrite, oil of chamomile, oil of 
valerian, oil of golden rod, oil of sas- 
safras, oil of anise, oil of cumin, oil 
of cynae ether, oil of dill, oil of ele- 
campane, oil of fennel seed, oil of 
eucalyptus, oil of fennel chaff, oil of 
wine, oil of myrtle, oil of laurel, oil of 
marjoram, oil of peppermint, oil of 
rue, oil of cinnamon leaves, oil of pal- 
marosa, oil of rosemary, oil of erige- 
ron, light oil of cinnamon, heavy oil 
of worm seed, coloring matter. 


Moore, Frank 
Applied—July 30, 1883 
U.S.P.—284,970 
Issued—Sept. 11, 1883 

Composition of matter for insulating 

electric wire, consisting of gutta per- 
cha, coal tar and collodion. 

Type Formula: 


Gutta-percha ... ...:.. 5 70% 
Coal tar .......0) 059 eee 25% 
Colledion °. 30; fa eee 5% 

Optvonal Constituents: — Chloroform, 
naphtha. 


McCaine, Daniel and David 
Applied—June 9, 1883 
US.P.—286,212 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1883 
_ Pyroxylin plastics are prepared by 
Incorporating various resins with gela- 
tinized pyroxylin by means of suitable 
solvents. ; 

Type Formula: 


Alcohol... ..25.0 eee 1 gal. 
Resin: .... 22. 2 eee 2-6 oz. 
Pyroxylin .. :.....¢.5ee a 
Benzine. ..«.,.55 a0 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 29 


Wilson, Wm: Virgo 
Applied-——Jan. 4, 1884 
U.S.P.—294,557 
Issued—March 4, 1884 
Insulating material consisting of a 
mixture of nitro-cellulose and wood 
tar, consolidation being induced by 
use of alcohol. Various fillers may be 
added: 
Type Formula: 
NOMINEE ee ests a foes 200 parts 
Nitrocellulose solution .... 100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Vegetable tar, 
methyl alcohol, mineral naphtha, ba- 
rium sulphate, chalk, talc, calcium sul- 
phate, alumina, magnesia, zinc oxide, 
silica. 


Wood, Wm. & Stevens, John 
Applied—March 11, 1884 
Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—297,098 
Issued—April 15, 1884 

A process of enameling which con- 
sists in causing the adhesion to the 
surface to be enameled of a sheet of 
material the base of which is pyroxy- 
lin, by first coating the surface with 
a suitable cement containing an oxid- 
izible or drying oil; second drying the 
cement, and, third, attaching the 
pyroxylin sheet by heat and pressure. 


Nash, Wm. H. 
Applied—Jan. 15, 1884 
U.S.P.—304,229 
Issued—Aug. 26, 1884 
A composition used on artificial 
leather consisting of ether, oil, alco- 
hol, nitrocellulose and camphor. 


Reagles, Isaac V. 
Applied—Nov. 19, 1883 
Assigned—Isaac Fuller & Wm. Fish 
U.S.P.—311,203 
Issued—Jan. 27, 1885 

A waterproofing composition con- 

sisting of wood alcohol, castor-oil, 
camphor-gum, pyroxylin and pulver- 
ized gum shellac. 

Type Formula: 


WVG0G “RIGOnO! Po. 5. 1 gal 
ES 5 aa 1 |b. 
SOIPITVONMETITO. 1. ees ets ase 1 Ib. 
Sr te oe was Peale site 1 lb. 
Gume-shellac ................ Y% |b 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
ter. 


Schmalz, Francois 
Applied—Aug. 13, 1884 
U.S.P.—313,245 
Issued—March 3, 1885 

A composition consisting of gun- 

cotton, ether, alcohol and castor oil, 
is used for coating clock dials. 

Type Formula: 


MINGP Bete Gare cs 1 part 
Alcano e+. acess ort 1 part 
Gun-corpauh: aun. . i wastes Yo part 
Mastorious. £4 sone’. ae .... 4-10 drops 


Forster, Max Von. 

Applied—Dec. 11, 1884 
US.P.—315,357 
Issued—April 7, 1885 

Ethyl acetate is applied to frag- 
ments of nitrocellulose used for ex- 
plosives, whereupon a temporary so- 
lution of the nitrocellulose on the out- 
side of the fragment occurs. On 
evaporation an impervious protective 
film is formed. 

See also Ger. Pat. 23,808, March 9, 1883; 
Ger. Pat. 26,014, July 31, 1883; Ital. 
Pat. XVII 5774, Aug. 20, 1883; Aust. 
Hung. Pat. 33 and 2486, Dec. 13, 1883. 


Jarvis, J. G. 
Applied—July 22, 1885 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
US.P.—329,313 
Issued—Oct. 27, 1885 
Gum dammar, to which is added a 
little alcohol, serves as a latent sol- 
vent for pyroxylin in plastic indus- 
try. Oils or pigments may be added. 
Type Formula: 


ByPORyiin ty eas cen ks 100 parts 
CGiim-resinaee ee ns so aes 40 parts 
(AsbOr-Olb ac. cease sine 10- 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Wood alcohol, 
grain alcohol, fixed oils (castor, cotton 
seed), volatile oils (lavender, cloves), 
zinc oxide, chrome yellow, aniline 
dyes. 


Wilson, Wm. Virgo 
Applied—Oct. 15, 1885 
US.P.—340,026 
Issued—April 138, 1886 


30 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


A lacquer consisting of nitrocellu- 
lose, amyl acetate and castor oil (for 
varnishing walls and wall paper). 

Optional Constitwents:—Amyl alcohol, 
linseed oil. 


Wilson, Wm. Virgo & Storey, J. 
Applied—Oct. 15, 1885 
US.P.—352,726 
Issued—Nov. 16, 1886 

Composition for artificial leather, 

consisting of nitrocellulose, amyl ace- 
tate, castor-oil and a pigment, 

Type Formula: 


OE SCCTALE he okt aus cit 600 parts 
Nitroeelhilose .< o.. 5 so te 200 parts 
Ries 15 ue Dal A oe Se 300 parts 


Optional Constituents:—China clay. 

See also Eng. Pat. 6051, April 7, 1884; 
Fr. Pat. 162,965, June 25, 1884; Belg. 
P. 65,624, June 28, 1884; Ital. P. XVIII, 
17,146, Sept. 30, 1884; Ital. P. XXXIV, 
162, Sept. 30, 1884; Can. P. 21,473, 
April 20, 1885. 


McClelland, John A. 

Applied—May 24, 1884 
Assigned—Emil Kipper 
US.P.—366,231 
Issued—July 12, 1887 

Kauri gum is used in place of cam- 
phor in preparing a plastic composi- 
tion with pyroxylin. 

Optional Constituents:—Gum dammar, 
coloring matter, pigments, oils (fixed 
or volatile), saccharine matter, wood 
alcohol. 


Amend, Otto P. 

Applied—May 11, 1887 
US.P.—371,021 
Issued—Oct. 4, 1887 

A pyroxylin solvent consisting of 
the amyl chloracetates. 

Type Formula: 
Amyl alcohol 
Aceticlatid ey eo oes 
Free chlorine. 


eeeeeceer ees eeee 


Amend, Otto P. 
Applied—May 4, 1887 
US.P—372,100 
Issued—Oct. 25, 1887 
A pyroxylin solvent obtained by the 
treatment of amyl alcohol with free 


chlorine. Such a mixture includes 
amyl chloride, amyl chloral, mono- 
chlorvaleraldehyde, and dichlorvaleral- 
dehyde. 


Requa, Leonard F. 
Applied—April 25, 1887 
Assigned—Safety Insulated Wire & 
Cable Co. 
US.P.—375,952 
Issued—January 3, 1888 
A pyroxylin-camphor composition 
forms part of a wire insulation. 
Optional Constituents: Aniline dye. 


Field, Walter D. 
Applied—August 13, 1887 
US.P—381,354 
Tssued—April 17, 1888 
As solvents for pyroxylin there are 
used the acetates of the lower boiling 


alcohols contained in fusel oil. Vari- 
ous lacquers are specified. 
Type Formula: 
Propyl & Butyl acetate .... 4 gals. 
Benzine.. .7...sesenene eee 4 gals. 
Methyl ‘alcohol. .275.80ee 2 gals 
Pyroxylin 27 eee 2% lbs 
Optional Constituents:—Volatile oils, 
petroleum naphtha, coal naphtha, 


spirits of turpentine, methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl ether. 


Todd, Edmund N. 
Applied—Jan. 22, 1887 
U.S.P.—384,005 
Issued—June 5, 1888 * 

Balsam of tolu is used as a plasti- 
cizer in preparing lacquers and plas- 
tics. Ordinary volatile nitrocellulose 
solvents are employed in addition ta 
the plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 

Nitrocellulose +... <...esieshee 
Balsam of toluw cwsillas sue 1 part 

Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 

Balsam of Peru, Balsam of copaiba. 


Schupphaus, Charles 
Applied—Oct. 14, 1886 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P.—410,204 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 
Propyl and _ iso-butyl alcohol are 
solvents for pyroxylin, in conjunction 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 31 


with camphor. The mixture may be 
used for lacquers or plastics. 


Schupphaus, Charles R. 

Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P.—410,205 

Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 

Anthraquinone in combination with 
alcohol is a solvent for pyroxylin giv- 
ing a vellow lacquer or varnish. 


Schupphaus, Charles R. 
Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P.—410,206 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 

Isovaleric aldehyde, amylidene- 
dimethyl ether, and amylidene diethyl 
ether are solvents for pyroxylin. 
Lacquers are prepared by adding vola- 
tile solvents. 


Schupphaus, Charles 
Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P—410,207 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 

Alpha and beta naphthol in alco- 
holic solutions are solvents for pyro- 
xylin. 


Schupphaus, Charles 
Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P.—410,208 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 

The acetates of glycerol are solvents 
for pyroxylin, Together with volatile 
solvents, they form lacquers. 


Schupphaus, Charles R. 
Applied—Dec. 20, 1888 
Assigned—American Zylonite Co. 
U.S.P.—410,209 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1889 

Palmitine and stearone in alcoholic 
solution are solvents for pyroxylin. 
Other volatile solvents in an admix- 
ture with the above may be employed 
to produce lacquers. 


Reichenbach, Henry 

Applied—April 9, 1889 

Assigned—Eastman Dry Plate and 
Film Co. 


U.S.P.—417,202 
Issued—Dec. 10, 1889 
A composition for photographic 
films, consisting of nitrocellulose, 
camphor in methyl] alcohol, fusel oil 
and amyl acetate. 
Type Formula: 


, WNitrocellulose 7428, te. 9000 grains 
(aniphoracn went ok eeabieke 5400 grains 
Methyl. alcohol ......... 112 oz. 
Buse] SGtle Gravatt eens 28 oz. 
Amyl acetate ........... 7 OZ 


Reinherz, Therese 
Applied—July 18, 1889 
US.P.—417,284 
Issued—Dec. 17, 1889 

Natural flowers are preserved by a 
coating containing collodion, glycer- 
ine, paraffine, resin, caoutchouc and 
wax. 

See also—Luxemburg P 846, May 38, 1887; 
Eng. Pat. 6,547, May 4, 1887; Belg. 
Pat. 77,309, May 16, 1887; Belg. Pat. 
81,115, March 31, 1887; Ital. P. 21,840, 
July 23, 1887; Aust. Hung. P. 22,419, 
Oct. 14, 1887; Aust. Hung. P. 49,212, 
Oct. 14, 1887. 


Field, Walter D. 
Applied—Nov. 30, 1888 
U.S.P.— 422,195 
Issued—Feb. 25, 1890 

A pyroxylin lacquer consisting of 

amyl acetate, amyl alcohol, methyl 
alcohol, pyroxylin and shellac, the lat- 
ter on account of its adhesive proper- 
ties. 

Type Formula: 
Ajoy! acetate done, sus sues 60 gals. 


Aryl slcohols. Jo... sb. 30 gals. 
Methyiisioohol< 3... sca.aten ‘7 gals. 
PYPORV ass asia. anette as 25 Ibs. 
Shellac in methyl alcohol.... 3 gals. 


Todd, Edmund N. 
Applied—July 8, 1889 
Assigned—Celluloid Varnish Co. 
U.S.P.—428,654 
Issued—May 27, 1890 

A plastic composition consisting of 

methyl acetate, amyl acetate, fusel oil, 
‘oil of camphor and pyroxylin, in the 
form of sheets or films for photo- 
graphic purposes. 


32 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Pycoeerin iss: Sted scare eee Y% Ib 
Methyl acetate 
o's Sea dgrana es artim aie age 1 gal 


Fusel oil 
Oil of camphor 
Optional Constituents:—Camphor. 


Field, Walter D. 
Applied—Nov. 30, 1888 
U.S.P.—434,330 
Issued—Aug. 12, 1890 

A varnish consisting of amyl ace- 

tate, spirits of turpentine, methyl al- 
cohol, pyroxylin and shellac. 

Type Formula: 


Amy] acetate ............ 50 gals 
Spirits of turpentine...... 25 gals 
Methyl alcohol .......... 25 gals. 
SISTURY Lt ey ae stostale te 37% lbs. 
CGH BR da hon oy ew ere 37% Ibs. 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetate, 
propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cedar 
oil, rosin, copal, sandarac. 


Akester, Wm. H. 
Applied—June 26, 1890 
U.S.P.—445,528 
Issued—Feb. 3, 1891 

A composition for frosting glass, 

containing gun-cotton, amyl acetate 
and kaolin or other like silicate of 
alumina or gypsum, 


Todd, Edmund N. 

Applied—April 25, 1888 
Assigned—The Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—450,264 
Issued—April 14, 1891 

A solvent for pyroxylin is obtained 
by distilling a mixture composed of 
fusel oil, benzine and acetic acid. 


Perret, Frank 
Applied—May 21, 1889 
Assigned—The Elektron Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—461,272 
Issued—Oct. 13, 1890 
An insulating lacquer for wires con- 
sisting of collodion, glycerine and a 
natural gum soluble in collodion. 
Optional Constituents:—Shellac, gutta- 
percha, 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
Applied—May 11, 1891 
US.P.—463,039 
Issued—Noy. 10, 1891 
A combination of pyroxylin and 
resin varnish for lead pencils. 
Type Formula: 
Collodion, 
Amyl acetate, 
Benzine, 
Acetone, 
Shellac. 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, cam- 
phor. 


Seher, August 
Applied—Dec. 28, 1891 
US.P.—470,451 
Issued—March 8, 1892 
Various solvents for pyroxylin are 
proposed, such as higher ketones: pro- 
pion, butyron or valeron. 
Type Formula: 


Butyron wi acwaaees eee 2 parts wt. 
Pyroxylinizg. oe 2 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Propion, val- 
eron, capron, methylethyl ketone, 


methyl propyl ketone, methyl butyl 
ketone, methyl valeryl ketone, ethyl 
butyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, 
wood spirits, acetone, ethyl alcohol. 


Hale, Julia 
Applied—Aug. 13, 1887 
US.P—471,422 
Issued—March 22, 1892 

A non-corrosive metal lacquer con- 

sisting of pyroxylin and neutral, vola- 
tile and anhydrous liquids. 

Type Formula: 


Amy] acetate a. sectueeasae 4 gals. 
Bendine os Ree 4 gals. 
Acetone. « ..sid Gp ee eee - 2 gals. 
Pyroxylin ...:<s.00sasuhee 2% gals. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl ether, 


methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, petro- 
leum naphtha, coal naphtha, propyl 
alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, 
spirits of turpentine, nitro-benzine, oil 
of cedar, oil of camphor, camphor. 

See also Eng. Pat. 5586, April 16, 1887; — 
Eng. Pat. 5791, April 20, 1887; Fr. Pat. 
184,548, June 30, 1887; Belg. Pat. 78,- 
913, Sept. 17, 1887; Aust. Hung. 17,684, 
Sept. 20, 1887. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 33 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—March 24, 1888 
Assigned—Celluloid Company 
US.P.—478,543 
Issued—July 5, 1892 

A lacquer solvent consisting of wood 

alcohol, benzine and ether, as well as 
other combinations. 

Type Formula: 


LE ee a 12 vols 
Wood elochol LA ee 12 vols 
POR ee Onda 5 cas bink kv 2 3 vols. 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, amyl 
alcohol, acetal, amyl ether, amyl ni- 
trate, chloroform, oil of wintergreen, 
oil of cassia, oil of sassafras, methyl 
salicylate, benzoic ether, camphor, 
methyl acetate. 


Field, Walter D. 
Applied—Dec. 16, 1891 
U.S.P.—478,955 
Issued—July 12, 1892 
A composition consisting of a sul- 
phonated oil such as olive oil and a 
solution of pyroxylin dissolved in amyl 
acetate or a similar compound. 
Optional Constituents:—Cotton seed oil, 
rape oil, castor oil, sesame oil, palm oil, 
cod-liver oil, propyl acetate, butyl 
acetate, amyl valerianate, benzine. 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
Applied—Feb. 28, 1890 
U.S.P.—490,195 
Issued—January 17, 1893. 

The process of finishing articles of 
wood or of other absorbent material 
which consists in first producing upon 
the same a coat or coats of varnish 
containing pyroxylin or  pyroxylin 
compounds and then producing upon 
this coat or coats a layer or layers of 
varnish containing resin and _ finally 
superimposing layers aoe pyro- 
xylin in excess. 

Optional oy See dyes. 


Field, W. D. 
Filed—Oct. 18, 1892 
U.S.P.—491,880 
Issued—Feb. 14, 1893 
A composition of matter consisting 
of a blown non-drying glycyl ether an 
- unsaturated fatty acid with pyroxylin. 


Type Formula: 


DVTOXV Lt wee aon ee ese a, eye 

Army acetareet ares tut akc alts 2 parts 
Benminarie deere oC re ees 1 part 

Blow e Ota ae. a Ve, Wa. 

Pigment 


Optional Constitwents:—Propyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, blown cotton seed oil, 
blown olive oil, oxy-fatty ethers of 


glyceryl. 


Paget, Leonard 

Applied—Feb. 3, 1893 
Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P—494,790 
Issued—April 4, 1893 

A solvent for pyroxylin is obtained 
by distilling a mixture of sulfuric 
acid, fusel oil, wood alcohol and grain 
alcohol and then redistilling the distil- 
late with glacial acetic acid. 


Paget, Leonard 
Applied—Feb. 3, 1893 
Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—494,791 
Issued—April 4, 1893 

A solvent of pyroxylin is obtained 

by distilling a mixture of ethyl alco- 
hol, fusel oil, sulfuric acid and acetic 
acid, or homologous acid. 

Type Formula: 


PHihylalcohol:.%>...2.5 25 parts wt. 
isele ost r33 Goss poe, 25 parts wt. 
Siltuniewicidesyosuk er. 25 parts wt. 


12% parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Amyl] alcohol, 
other acids. 


Paget, Leonard 
Applied—Feb. 3, 1893 
Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—494,792 
Issued—April 4, 1893 

A diluent for a wood alcohol solu- 
tion of pyroxylin is obtained by dis- 
tilling a mixture of fusel oil, grain al- 
cohol and sulfuric acid with the sup- 
posed formation of an amyl ethyl 
ether. 

Type Formula: 

Husel? clay eeeesee es 


34 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Paget, Leonard 
Applied—February 3, 1893 
Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—494,793 
Issued—April 4, 1893 

A solvent of low medium volatility 

for pyroxylin is obtained by distilling 
together fusel oil, methyl alcohol and 
sulfuric acid, with the supposed for- 
mation of a mixed ether. 

Type Formula: 


ullitte Sid. « adled won 25 parts wt. 
Gram alcohol 2. v.¢.+-4- 15 parts wt. 
Wood alcohol .......... 10 parts wt. 
Riel toil eee oe ns ks 50 parts wt. 


Paget, Leonard 
Applied—March 1, 1893 
Assigned—Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co. 
US.P.— 495,263 
Issued—April 11, 1893 

A mixture of fusel oil, methyl] alco- 

hol, benzine is, after dehydration with 
calcium chloride, distilled with acetic 
acid and a good solvent for pyroxylin 
is thereby obtained. 

Type Formula: 


Fusel 04.) 266 & foe 5-8 vols 
VW OOd BICONOL 2 cy) seen 2-5 vols. 
Herning “s-7 a wwewen vee 1-2 vols. 
ACeIC. Abid oo see te oe s 2 vols. 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
benzol, oil of turpentine, and in a 
lacquer—shellac and. pyroxylin. 


Borgmeyer, Charles 
Applied—May 18, 18938 
US.P.—502,546 
Issued—August 1, 1893 

Oil of lemongrass is a good solvent 

for pyroxylin, in plastic masses and is 
used with diluents such as methyl al- 
cohol, amyl acetate, or fusel oil. A 
solution of pyroxylin in oil of lemon- 
grass will stand dilution with equal 
volume of benzine plus volume of 
methyl alcohol. Lacquer composition 
claimed specifically. 

Type Formula: 


PyTOKyiih |. ape eee 1 part wt 
Oil of Lemongrass ..... 1 part wt 
Aroyl acetates jo. eases 20 parts wt. 
Grain alcohol ..... APE Vid sage: 


Optional Constituents:—Oleum andro- 
pogon citrati. 


Borgmeyer, Charles 
Applied—May 25, 1893 
U.S.P.—s02,547 
Issued—August 1, 1893 

Oil of cedar leaf, either alone or in 

presence of fusel oil or ethyl alcohol, 
is a good solvent for pyroxylin. So- 
lution—per se—is claimed. 

Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 
Oil cedar leaf 
Amyl alcohol. 


Borgmeyer, Charles L. 
Applied—May 18, 1893 
US.P.—502,921 
Issued—Aug. 8, 1893 
Synthetic oil of cassia is a better sol- 
vent for pyroxylin than the natural 
product. Solution—per se—claimed. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 
Synthetic oil of cassia. 


Borgmeyer, Charles L. 
Applied—May 25, 1893 
U.S.P.—503,401 
Issued—Aug. 15, 1893 
Oil of hemlock, worm-wood, car- 
away chaff, savin, cajeput or spruce, 
‘in conjunction with ethyl alcohol, is 
a good pyroxylin solvent. None are 
solvents—per se. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin dissolved 
gredients., 


Borgmeyer, Charles L. 
Applied—May 25, 1893 
U.S.P.—503,402 
Issued—August 15, 1893 
Oil of ginger, bay, clove buds, cit- 
ronella (all with ethyl alcohol) and 
oil of sandal-wood and cubebs (with- 
out ethyl alcohol) are solvents for 
pyroxylin. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin is dissolved in above in- 
gredients. 


Borgmeyer, Charles L. 
Applied—May 29, 1893 
U.S.P.—504,905 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1893 
Artificial oils of tansy, and of pep- 


in above in- . 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 35 


permint are solvents, alone or with 
fusel oil or ethyl alcohol. 

Artificial oils of red thyme and of 
sassafras are solvents for pyroxylin in 
conjunction with ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin dissolved in 
gredients. 


above in- 


Paget, Leonard 
Applied—August 3, 1893 
U.S.P.—507,749 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1893 
Oils of turpentine, camphor and car- 
away seed, methyl alcohol, acetone, 
acetal, ethyl amylether, and fusel oil 
on treatment with ozone become sol- 
vents for pyroxylin, or increase in dis- 
solving power, or acquire drying power, 
as in case of oil of caraway seed. The 
process to be one of removing easily 
oxidizable materials from natural oils, 
which improves solvent properties. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin dissolved in the “Ozonized 
oils’ mentioned above. Diluents may 
be employed. 


Borgmeyer, C. L. & Paget, L. 
Applied—August 22, 1893 
U.S.P.—507,964 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1893 

A good metal lacquer is obtained by 
mixing amyl aceto acetate, “ozonized” 
fusel oil, wood alcohol, benzine and 
pyroxylin. 

Type Formula: 


Amyl aceto acetate......... 20 gals 
“Ozonized” fusel oil........ 5 gals 
iyi eo) i 5 gals 
eg ag a ewan she» 15 gals 
ROE uns ke wa ce 4 cs 20 lbs 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl] acetate. 
See also U.S.P—507,749. 


Stevens, John H. & Axtell, Frank 
Applied—June 9, 1890 
Assigned—Celluloid Mfg. Co. 
US.P.—510,617 
Issued—Dec. 12, 1893 

A solution of commercial acetanilid, 
acetone and pyroxylin is useful in 
forming thin films of pyroxylin for 
photographic or other purposes. 


Type Formula: 


EF VLORVIINe re eee ie eae 100 
Acétanilid- wees wes Nake ceca 25 
Aeotone Sis Pe ee eee 500 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
ter, methyl alcohol, phenyl acetamide. 


Schupphaus, Robert 
Applied—July 11, 1893 
US.P.—514,838 
Issued—Feb. 13, 1894 
Urea is used as a stabilizer for 
nitro compounds including nitro cel- 
luloses. 
0.5-2.0% of weight of pyroxylin is 
sufficient in films and plastic composi- 
tions. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxy lin saad. wes. kee 100° 
TORR ass ered, dd fey 0.5-2.0 
Bolvewpiie ae els ie tr lips ad. lib. 
Optional Constituents: — Carbamide 


(syn.). 
See Eng. Pat. 22384-1893. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 9, 1890 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—517,987 
Issued—April 10, 1894 
Commercial acetanilid is used as a 
substitute of camphor to form plastic 
masses with pyroxylin, ; 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 100 parts wt. 
Acetanilid 50 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Pigments, col- 
oring matter, methyl alcohol, ethyl al- 
cohol, acetone, camphor. 


ev eee eee eeee 


Zeller, Gustave O. 

Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 
US.P.—518,386 
Issued—April 17, 1894 

An alcohol is oxidized in presence of 
a “Compounding” organic acid which 
supposedly reacts with the aldehyde 
formed, to form a good pyroxylin sol- 
vent. Such a solvent is prepared by 
reacting the following mixtures:— 
Amyl alcohol—4 parts wt.; Pyroligne- 
ous acid—2 parts wt.; Sulfuric acid— 
2 parts wt.; Manganese peroxide—l 
part wt. Those oxidized aldehydes are 
also stated to be good solvents for 


36 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


kauri, shellac, and rosin. The solvents 
are probably mixed esters, acetates, 
etc. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin dissolved in above solvents. 
See also U.'S.P—518,387. 


Zeller, Gustave O. 
Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 
US.P.—518,387 
Issued—April 17, 1894 
See also U.S.P. 518,386 

Alcohols are oxidized in presence of 

“compounding” organic acids which 
supposedly react with the aldehydes 
formed to give good pyroxylin sol- 
vents. A typical solvent is prepared 
by reacting the following mixture:— 
Amyl alcohol four parts by weight; 
Butyl alcohol two parts by weight; 
Acetic acid one part by weight; For- 
mic acid one part by weight; Sulfuric 
acid two parts by weight; Manganese 
peroxide one part by weight. The 
solvents formed are probably complex 
mixtures of esters, acetals, condensa- 
tion products, etc. 

See also U.'S.P.—518,386 


Zeller, Gustave O. 
Applied—Dec. 12, 1893 
US.P—518,388 
Issued—April 17, 1894 

Alcohols and benzine are oxidized 

in presence of “compounding” organic 
acid which supposedly react with the 
compounds formed to give a good 
pyroxylin solvent. For example, a sol- 
vent is prepared by reacting the fol- 
lowing mixtures:—Butyl alcohol one 
part by weight; Amyl alcohol five 
parts by weight; Benzine two parts 
by weight; Acetic acid one part by 
weight; formic acid one part by 
weight; sulfuric acid two parts by 
weight; manganese peroxide one part 
by weight. Probably nothing but 
mixed esters produced. 

Optional Constituents:—Kerosene, ben- 
zene, spirits of turpentine, oil of mir- 
bane. 


Schupphaus, Robert C. 
Applied—July 28, 1894 
Assigned—Arlington Mfg. Co. 


US.P.—528,812 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1894 

Alkoyl derivatives of aromatic 
amines are good substitutes for cam- 
phor in forming plastics with pyroxy- 
lin. 

Optional Constituents: — Formanilid, 
ortho acetoluid, para acetoluid, ben- 
zanilid, paracetphenitidin and _ their 
bromo and nitro derivatives. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 9, 1890 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—542,692 
Issued—July 16, 1895 
Process of manufacturing massive 
pyroxylin compounds by mixing, di- 
nitro-toluol and camphor and then 
heating composition under pressure to 
render it plastic. Dinitro-toluol im- 
proves plasticity. } 
Type Formula: 


Di-nitro-toluol: vo... os o8 ee 25 parts 
Camphor 4. als sen eee 25 parts 
Pyroxylin “=.ca0 6a 100 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, acetone. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 9, 1890 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—543,108 
Issued—July 23, 1895 
Dinitro-toluol and pyroxylin are 
mixed and subjected to heat and pres- 
sure, yielding a plastic substance. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin® <2. eee 100 parts wt. 
Dinitro-toluol ........ 50 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents: — Acetone, 


methyl alcohol, coloring matter, pig- 
ments. 


See also U.S.P.—517,987. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—May 31, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—543,197 
Issued—July 23, 1895 

A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 

pyroxylin, camphor and naphthalene 
with or without solvents and subject- 
ing the product to heat and pressure. 
Naphthalene is very soluble in ordi- 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 37 


nary solvents but the presence of cam- 
phor improves solubility. 
Type Formula: 


BRENOT IP oye fea coe esses 1 part 
WA DELOTC ec Eh nce ese es 1 part 
LONG) Gu No yy 4 a 4 parts 
WWHGOUSAICOHOL 2%.cs4.4...... ad. lib. 


Optional Constituents:—Oil of cassia, 
Amyl acetate, methyl salicylate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 22, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—551,456 
Issued—Dec. 17, 1895 

A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 

pyroxylin with methyl, ethyl, propyl, 
butyl or amyl acet- anilid (in presence 
or absence of solvents) and subjecting 
the resultant material to heat and 
pressure, camphor and acetanilid may 
be present. The alkyl acetanilids are 
more soluble in alcoholic pyroxylin 
solvents than acetanilid. Butyl and 
amyl acetanilids are liquids of low 
volatility. 

Type Formula: 


Methyl acetanilid ....... 1 part wt 
PS is ise Sine os ws 2 parts wt 
Solvents (Aliphatic 

NCE OU A ad. lib. 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, acetone, alkyl acetani- 
lids. | 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 12, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—552,209 
Issued—Dec. 31, 1895 

A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 

ing para-nitro toluol (alone or with 
camphor, or (and) acetanilid) with 


pyroxylin in presence or absence of 


such solvents as acetone and subjecting 
the composition to heat and pressure. 
Type Formula: 


mearasiiro toliol ........... 1 part 
PE ee, ok ene ves 1 part 
i oo ke vec ces ce 4 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, amyl acetate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Nov. 13, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 


US.P.—552,934 
Issued—January 14, 1896 

Plastic masses are obtained by mix- 
ing camphor, camphene hydrochlorate 
and pyroxylin, in presence or absence 
of solvents such as acetone and sub- 
jecting the composition to heat and 
pressure. 


Type Formula: 
Pyroxyiin teat ek eee 100 parts wt. 
Waninhore®, sna). ie. ee 20 parts wt. 
Camphene hydrochlorate 20 parts wt. 
ACEEONEHE Ue cna kot te 15 parts wt. 
Wood alcohol .......... 20 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
ter, butyl acetate, propyl acetate, ethyl 
acetate, methyl acetate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Nov. 138, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—552,935 
Issued—January 14, 1896 
Plastic masses are obtained by mix- 
ing camphor, camphene hydrochlorate, 
pyroxylin and a solvent such as butyl 
acetate and subjecting the resulting 
composition to heat and pressure. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylm © ae eee 100 parts wt. 
(2a TODD Oia ee aes tee cee 20 parts wt. 
Camphene hydrochlorate 20 parts wt. 
Acetone... sccm 15 parts wt 
Amy] acetate........... 15 parts wt 
Methyl alcohol ........ 20 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
ter, propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 
methyl acetate, butyl acetate. 

See also US.P.—552, 934. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 26, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—553,270 
Issued—Jan. 21, 1896 

A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 

ing dinitroxylol (alone or with cam- 
phor or acetanilid) with pyroxylin in 
presence or absence of solvents such 
as acetone, the composition being sub- 
jected to heat and pressure. 

Type Formula: 


Dinitro-toluol su. ven 20 parts wt. 
Caniphor ti oss ee ae 20 parts wt. 
Pyroxylin= 424053 sacs 100 parts wt. 


38 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol. 


Zeller, Gustave O. 
Applied—Dec. 30, 1893 
US.P.—555,596 
Issued—March 3, 1896 

A solvent for pyroxylin which con- 

sists of a benzine compound of mixed 
or simple ethers, obtained by subject- 
ing a mixture of one or more alcohols, 
benzine and a “compounding” organic 
acid to the action of hydrochloric 
acid. The reaction appears improb- 
able, 

Optional Constituents:—Benzol, turpen- 
tine, camphor, wood alcohol, fusel oil, 
formic acid, acetic acid. 


Michaelis, Gustavus 

Applied—Sept. 18, 1895 
Assigned—% to Wm. T. Mayer 
U.S.P.—556,017 
Issued—March 10, 1896 

A collodion preparation is obtained 
by dissolving pyroxylin in a mixture 
of methyl ether and methyl alcohol. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—559,823 
Issued—May 12, 1893 

Solvents for pyroxylin are obtained 

by distilling a mixture of alcohols 
(such as fusel oil may contain) with an 
oxidizing agent such as sulfuric acid 
with manganese peroxide. 

Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol 
acetone, ethyl alcohol. 


’ 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—559,824 
Issued—May 12, 1896 

A pyroxylin solvent is obtained by 

heating benzoic acid and alcohols to- 
gether in presence of sulfuric acid. 
Mixed ethers and esters are obtained. 
Any or all aliphatic aleohols may be 
used. Pyroxylin solutions containing 
these solvents, and diluents are pre- 
pared, 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, 
propyl, butyl and amyl alcohols. 
See also—559,823. 


Stevens, J. H. 
Applied—June 17, 1895 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—s61,624 
Issued—June 9, 1896 

A composition of matter obtained 

by dissolving pyroxylin in a solvent 
formed by the action of a mixture of 
alcohols on formic acid in the presence 
of a dehydrating agent. 

Type Formula: 


Wood spirits 2,45 ae “art wt 
Ethyl alcohol 2..2..s0eee 1 part wt. 
Fusel oil (crude) ....... 1 part wt. 
Potassium formate ...... 3 parts wt. 
Sulfurie acid. 7.2.0. oem 2 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Camphor, ace- 
tone, amyl acetate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Aug. 16, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—564,343 
Issued—July 21, 1896 
A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 
ing acetxylid (alone or in presence of 
camphor or acetanilid) with pyroxylin 
and subjecting the composition to heat 
and pressure. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 100 parts 
Acetxylid. ..c3aa505 Ce 25-50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Camphor, ace- 
tanilid. 


eeerereeeee eee eee 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 26, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—566,349 
Issued—Aug,. 25, 1896 
A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 
ing certain pyrazolon derivatives, such 
as antipyrin (with or without cam- 
phor), with pyroxylin and subjecting 
the composition to heat and pressure. 
Solvents such as the alcohols may be 
added. . 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin. «i. ..¢ eee 2 parts 
Antipyrin . .ij¢..,8 eee 1 part 
Wood alcohol .iitv.Vaaee 1-2 parts 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 39 


Optional Constituents:—Tolypyrin, sali- 
pyrin, tolysal, ethyl alcohol, acetone. 


Stevens, J. H. & Axtell, F. C. 
Filed—July 23, 1896 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. (New York) 
US.P—568,104 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 

Organic carbanilates are used as sol- 
vents and plasticizers is the prepara- 
tion of varnishes, etc., from pyroxylin. 

Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, 
propyl, butyl, amyl, iso-butyl, and iso- 
amyl carbanilates, acetanilid. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 23, 1896 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—568,105 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 

A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 

one or more of the citric esters of the 
monohydric monatomic series of ali- 
phatic alcohols and pyroxylin. Dilu- 
ents may be added. 

Optional Constituents:—Trimethyl cit- 
rate, triethyl citrate, tripropyl citrate, 
triisobutyl citrate, trichlorethyl citrate, 
acetyltriethyl citric ether. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 24, 1896 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—568,106 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1896 
A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 
one or more carbamic esters with 


pyroxylin. 

Type Formula: 
Lave tice 2) Ses eae a 100 parts 
Methyl carbamate ....... 40-50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Camphor, acet- 
anilid, ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, 
ethyl carbamate, propyl carbamate, 
butyl carbamate, amyl carbamate, 
benzyl carbamate, ethylidene urethane, 
acetyl paraoxyphenyl urethane, acetyl 
parethoxyphenyl urethane, coloring 
matter, pigments. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 26, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P—572,134 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1896 © 


A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 
pyroxylin with camphor and certain 
derivatives of crystalline aromatic 
acids such as salol, and subjecting the © 
product to heat and pressure. 

Type Formula: 

Camphor 
SR LOLe Watt ce ecie yee hat eo Tee peat yg? 
Optional Constituents:—Salacetol, betol, 
naphtholbenzoate, benzoic anhydride, 

alcohol. 


eereeevrees ee eee eee oe 


Stevens, John H. 
Appled—July 26, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—572,135 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1896 
A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 
pyroxylin with trional or similar com- 
pound and subjecting the product to 
heat and pressure. Acetone may be 
employed as the active solvent. 
Optional Constituents:—Camphor, 
fonal, sulfobenzid, sulfocarbanilid. 


sul- 


Bronnert, Emile 
AppliedAnril 14, 1896 
Assioned Theodore Schlumberger. 
US.P.—573,132 
Teed en 15, 1896 
Tetranitrocellulose is rendered sol- 
uble in alcohol by the presence of 
certain chlorides such as_ calcium 
chloride. 
Type Formula: 
Tetranitrocellulose (im- 
pregnated with calcium 
chloride) 40 kg. 
Ethyl alcohol 150 liters 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
chlorides of the alkalies and alk. earths, 
acetates or alkylsulfates of alkalies and 
alk. earths, oxalic acid, citric acid, car- 
bolic acid. 


eoreeeree ee ee eo @ 


eoecererevee eevee & 


Bennett, Solomon 
Applied—June 20, 1896 
US.P—578,714 
Issued—March 16, 1897 

A water-proof lacquer is obtained by 

dissolving nitrocellulose in acetone or 
other suitable solvents. This is em- 
ployed as one coat of a fabric water- 
proofing scheme, 


40 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose 005 6.is 00.5 ses 1 part 
MAITDENEING Gs ses sas ca es wR 2 parts 
PAGCOR. 4 <2. See oe es 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 
sanitas oil, creosote, castor oil. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Nov. 7, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—583,516 
Issued—June 1, 1897 
A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 
pyroxylin, camphor and chlor toluene 
(or a similar compound) and subject- 
ing product to heat and pressure. 
Type Formula: 

Camphor 
Chlor toluol 1 part 
Optional Constituents: — Nitrochlorides 
of benzyl, chlorides of benzol, bro- 
mides of benzol, nitrochlorides of 
benzol, nitrobromides of benzol, chlor- 
ides of naphthalene, phenol bromides, 

phenol chlorides, camphor bromides. 


oeeewor eer eee eee eee 


eesereereee ee ee * ee 


Kennedy, Arthur 
Applied—July 1, 1896 
Assigned—The Marsden Co, 
U.S.P.—587,096 
Issued—July 27, 1897 
A waterproof film is obtained by 
adding lanolin to a solution of pyroxy- 
lin in any of its common solvents, such 
as amyl acetate. 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose 100 parts 
Lanolin 55 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
methyl alcohol, benzine. 


oeeeeeeoeeeee 


eee eeoe eee eee eee see 


Kennedy, Arthur I. 
Applied—January 19, 1897 
Assigned—The Marsden Co. 
U.S.P.—587,097 
Issued—July 27, 1897 
A patent leather lacquer is obtained 
by mixing together cellulose nitrate in 
amyl lactate, lanolin and corn oil. 
Type Formula: 


Amyl* lactite <2... eae 1 gal 
Nitrocellulose. i1..503 ala, 12 oz 
Lanolin oA AS een 10 oz 
Coin ou 365.5 is eee 3 OZ 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 
anilin-black. 


Jones, F. J. & Jones, G. W. 
Applied—March 1, 1897 
Assigned—Tyre Puncture Curing Syn- 

dicate 
U.S.P.—587,211 
Issued—July 27, 1897 

A composition of matter for stopping 
tire punctures is obtained by mixing 
dissolved (in amyl acetate) pyroxylin 
and glycerine. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin: gen ee 10 grains 
Amyl acetate ......s4e0s" 1% oz. 
Amy! aleohol fais. cee ee 14% o2 
Glycerine —J.2 eae eeee 12 oz 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—June 12, 1897 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—589,870 
Issued—Sept. 14, 1897 

Pyroxylin compounds are rendered 

stable by the addition of one or more 
of the urea salts of the monohydric 
monobasic aliphatic acids. 

Optional Constituents:—Urea formate, 
urea acetate, urea propionate, urea 
butyrate, urea valerate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—July 22, 1897 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—593,787 
Issued—Nov. 16, 1897 
Urea sulfate is recommended for use 
as a stabilizer of nitrocellulose in 
transparent compounds. More than 
2% tends to discolor the compound. 
The urea sulfate is used in a solvent 
such as grain alcohol or wood spirits. 
It is less soluble in acetone and still 
less in amyl acetate. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 
Urea sulfate: .- ls une 
See also U.S.P.—529,603 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—May 11, 1892 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
US.P.—595,355 
Issued—Dec. 14, 1897 


UNITED STATES PATENTS Al 


A solvent for nitrocellulose com- 
posed of a ketone of the fatty acid 
group. In certain cases the solvent 
power of the ketone is increased by 
the presence of another material, such 
as alcohol. 

Type Formula: 

Solutions of nitrocellulose in these 
solvents are used as “varnishes.” 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, camphor, fusel oil, 
sulfuric ether, benzine, benzol, propion, 
butyron, valeron, capron, methyl ethyl 
ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl 
butyl ketone, methyl pentyl ketone, 
methyl hexyl ketone, ethyl propyl 
ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, ethyl 
pentyl. ketone, ‘ethyl hexyl ketone, 
propyl butyl ketone, propyl pentyl 
ketone, propyl hexyl ketone, butyl 
pentyl ketone. 


Nagel, Oskar 
Filed—Feb. 3, 1896 
US.P:—596,662 
Issued—Jan. 4, 1898 

The process of manufacturing py- 
roxylin compounds consisting of com- 
bining with nitrocellulose, a solvent 
consisting of the crystalline product 
produced by passing hydrochloric acid 
gas through turpentine, which process 
forms a material known as “hydro- 
chlorinated turpene” or “camphene” 


Optional 


Optional Constituents:—Camphor, pig- 


ments, zinc oxide, magnesium car 
bonate. 


Schupphaus, Robert C. 


Applied—Sept. 14, 1896 
US.P.—598,648 
Issued—Feb. 8, 1898 

The improvement in the manufac- 
ture of pyroxylin compounds, which 
consists in incorporating with pyroxy- 
lin in order to increase flexibility, a 
glycerol ester that contains the radi- 
cals of two different acids. These have 
an advantage over castor oil in that 
they also act as solvents of pyroxylin 
instead of being merely mechanically 
mixed with the material. 
Constituents :—M onobenzoate 
of glycerol, benzochlorhydrin, dichlor- 
hydrin, dichloracetin, benzomonacetin, 
benzodiacetin, oleoacetin, oleodiacetin, 
dinitroacetin, mononitrodiacetin. 


Schupphaus, R. C. 


Applied—June 30, 1897 
U.S.P.—598,649 
Issued—Feb. 8, 1898 

A pyroxylin composition employing 
as solvents aromatic ketones of which 
the following are examples: aceto- 
phenon, benzylidene acetone, benzo- 
phenon, phenylbenzyl ketone, oxya- 


after the removal of the hydrochloride. cetophenon, benzil, dibenzylidene 
Type F ormula: acetone, trioxybenzophenon, para- 

LTE OO ee gee 10 parts oxybenzophenon, oxyphenylbenzyl 

EXGyl alcohol... ......:... 2 parts ketone (benzoin), trioxyacetophenon, 

UA eon aan an 8 parts gallacetophenon. 

BOG i 5 parts Qptional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 


Optional Constituents :—Camphor. methyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ether, 


Goetter, Hermann benzene, anisol, acetone, and alcoholic 


Applied—July 22, 1898 
Assigned—The Arlington Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P—s97,144 
Issued—Jan. 11, 1898 

A plastic composition composed of 
definite proportions of nitrocellulose, 
amyl acetate, and an auxiliary solvent, 
which gives a good plastic without the 
use of expensive camphor. . 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........... 121% parts 
Wy Godaaleohol.:... a 10 parts 
PUIVICROELALE TS. 66S ses es 3% parts 


Optional - Constituents:—Propyl 


acetates. 


Schupphaus, Robert C. 


Applied—June 30, 1897 
U.S.P.—600,556 
Issued—March 15, 1898 

A pyroxylin composition containing 
one or more of the high boiling sol- 
vents mentioned below. The presence 
of these solvents, some of which are 
non-volatile, produces a plastic film. 
ether, 
butyl ether, anisol, phenetol, guaiacol. 


42 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Annison, F. G. 
Applied—Sept. 10, 1897 
Assigned—Publishing Advertising «& 
Trading Syndicate, Ltd. 
U.S.P.—602,797 
Issued—April 19, 1898 
A compound of nitrocellulose, cam- 
phor and castor oil used for coating 
fabrics and ‘permeable materials. 
Volatile alcohol solvents are used. 
Optional Constituents:—Grain alcohol, 
wood alcohol, methylated spirit, pig- 
ments. 


Wood, Wm. H. & Stevens, J. H. 
Applied—Feb. 12, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—603,001 
Issued—April 26, 1898 
A method of coating articles consist- 
ing of a flexible base permeated with 
a flexible pyroxylin compound and 
having a superimposed flexible surface 
coating of a pyroxylin compound less 
flexible than the permeated base. 
Flexibility is attained by varying 
proportions of castor oil. 


Walker, George 
Applied—Sept. 5, 1895 
U.S.P.—604,181 
Issued—May 17, 1898 

Lacquers and plastics are obtained 

by mixing in varying proportions py- 
roxylin and oils lighter than water 
obtained by the distillation of the tar 
of hard woods (beech, birch, maple, 
and oak). 

Type Formula: 
PYPOXVN sade Se poe eee ee 
Decreosoted tar oil 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Nov. 7, 1895 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—607,554 
Issued—July 19, 1898 
Plastic masses are obtained by mix- 
ing pyroxylin, camphor and the crys- 
talline derivatives of an aromatic 
alcohol, such as thymol, and subject- 
ing the product to heat and pressure. 
Type Formula: 


Camphior nit) eis aataiahe oes 3-4 parts 
PL OIGE 1a wine aya e een en 1 part 
Pyroxylin 


Optional Constituents:—Dimethylhydro- 
chinon, thymochinon, benzoylguaiacol. 


Stevens, John H. & Axtell, F. C. 
Applied—May 16, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—610,728 
Issued—Sept. 13, 1898 

Esters of carbonic acid, with or with- 
out alcohols, are solvents for pyroxy- 
lin. Sp. Diethyl carbonate. The 
non-hygroscopic character of films 
produced by these solvents are. said 
to be analogous to those produced by 
amyl acetate. Use in varnishes (lac- 
quers) is stressed. Alcoholic diluents 
are recommended. 

Optional Constituwents:—Dimethyl car- 
bonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl 
carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, diamyl 
carbonate. 


Goodwin, Hannibal 
Applied—May 2, 1887 
U.S.P.—610,861 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1898 
In the preparation of photographic 
films a composition of matter is used 
composed of a mixture of pyroxylin, 
alcohol and nitrobenzol, or other non- 
hydrous and non-hygroscopic solvent. 
Optional Constituents:—Amy]l acetate. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—April 15, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—612,066 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1898 

A waterproof fabric coating com- 

posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil 
and a halogen salt which prevents the 
oil from decomposing and becoming 
rancid. 


Type Formula: . 
Pyroxylin ): fae: 100 parts 
Castor oil. .).g60i5 eae 150 parts 
Camphor’ ... 2 s.iya ae 150 parts 
Zine chloride® 9.4.4. 3 parts 
Wood alcohol; \ayeeeeee to dilute 


Optional Constituents:—Zine chlorate, 
zinc iodide, mercuric chloride, potas- 
sium chlorate. 


Stevens, John H. 


Applied—April 15, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 43 


U.S.P.—612,067 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1898 
A waterproof fabric coating com- 

posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil 
and an aromatic acid or salt, which 
prevents the oil from decomposing and 
becoming rancid. 

Type Formula: 


BRUOEE VAT SG cite g.c v's bw ss 0's 100 parts 
SO 9] Re ear 150 parts 
METER as wis. Gin nine 150 parts 
Sodium salicylate ......... 4 parts 
Wood alcohol ............. to dilute 


Optional Constituents:—Naphthoic acid, 
salicylic acid, benzoic acid, sodium 
benzoate, naphthol. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—April 15, 1893 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—612,553 
Issued—Oct. 18, 1898 

A waterproof fabric coating com- 

posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil 
and a compound containing the 
“phenoylic” radical which prevents the 
oil from decomposing and becoming 
rancid. 

Type Formula: 


Di CAS OT UN sd face a ea 100 parts 
RETO oe voici vad wie ee 150 parts 
I ie ea ws civ ec cei 150 parts 
Sulfocarbolate of soda...... 4 parts 
WH OOG BIGOHOUD 25 GE. ae. to dilute 


Optional Constituents:—Sulfocarbolates, 
carbolates. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—May 16, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—615,319 
Issued—Dec. 6, 1898 

A waterproof fabric coating com- 

posed of pyroxylin, a non-drying oil 
and naphthol which prevents the oil 
from decomposing and _ becoming 


rancid. 

Type Formula: 
VIA te hs gcse ee b's 100 parts 
OO GB ily a 200 parts 
BTN eee cece cease 100 parts 
pete TAVDINO! vo)... kee 2-4 parts 
WY OOU BICONOL,. oi .6 50.055. to dilute 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
Applied—July 12, 1898 
U.S.P.—615,446 
Issued—Dec. 6, 1898 

Pyroxylin lacquer may be used as a 

coating for fibrous or absorbent sur- 
faces. Its use over preliminary casein 
glue coatings is recommended. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—March 1, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—617,450 
Issued—Jan. 10, 1899. 

Urea salts of aromatic acids are 
stabilizers of pyroxylin solutions and 
compositions. 

Optional Constituents:—Urea salts of 
benzoic acid, urea salts of naphthoic 
acid, urea salts of salicylic acid. 


Miller, Horace E. 
Applied—January 6, 1899 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—621,360 
Issued—March 21, 1899 

A lacquer containing resin and 

pyroxylin is used as a coating for glass 
in the manufacture of mirrors. 

Type Formula: 


ET) a bea eS | en: ar a Sr 11 parts 
PeyPOVyiTe reac nitece ore ses “yt ok part 
Methyl] alcohol 

Methyl acetate } Uns ares 44 parts 
Acetone 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—March 1, 1898 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—621,382 
Issued—March 21, 1899 

The inorganic salts of monocar- 

boxylic acids are recommended as 
pyroxylin stabilizers, e.g. sodium ben- 
zoate. 

Optional Constituents:—Inorganic ben- 
zoates, inorganic salicylates. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Feb. 9, 1899 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—622,727 
Issued—April 11, 1899 
A waterproof composition of matter 
containing pyroxylin, oil, naphthol and 


44 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


a volatile liquid menstruum insoluble 
in water is used for coating fabric, etc. 
Type Formula: 


Py rOeylitl o ck, We ke ey aoa 100 parts 
Amiyl acetate 2.705. 'ys doe 300 parts 
Wood Aleohol ...:..5.5.-. 300 parts 
CROUOl OL oss a ce eee 150 parts 
Beta naphthol vo. .65..555 2-3 parts 


Optional Constituwents:—Benzoic ether, 
propionic ether, capronic ether, amyl 
formate, fusel oil, coloring matter. 


Camnitzer, Arthur 

Applied—Oct. 18, 1893 
U.S.P.— 627,296 
Issued—June 20, 1898 

A composition to be applied to the 
skin for curative purposes, consisting 
of a collodion solution, zine chloride 
(antiseptic) and methylene blue. 


Helbing, H. & Pertsch, G. 
Applied—Dec. 24, 1897 
Assigned—Soc. Chim. des Usines du 
Rhone 
U.S.P—628,463 
Issued—July 11, 1899 
A collodion solution containing a 
low boiling alkyl chloride is used for 
protecting injured portions of the skin. 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl chlor- 
ide, ethyl chloride, iodoform, alcohol, 
ether. 
See Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
Applied—July 12, 1898 
US.P.—631,295 
Issued—Aug. 22, 1899 

In the manufacture of ornamental 

articles a pyroxylin lacquer is used 
containing camphor, oil and_ resin. 
The patent describes methods of se- 
curing mottled and stippled effects. 
The use of resins (gums) in pyroxylin 
varnishes is mentioned. 

Optional Constituents :—Linseed oil, cas- 
tor oil, coloring matter, resins, gums. 


Kitsee, Isidor 
Applied—June 26, 1899 
U.S.P.—651,364 
Issued—June 12, 1900 
A substitute for hard rubber is ob- 
tained by adding to the ingredients of 
celluloid, glue or a similar substance. 


Optional Constituents:—Molasses, glyc- 
erin, India rubber, turpentine, oil, tar, 
flour of sulfur. 


Goldsmith, Byron B. 
Applied—Sept. 16, 1898 
US.P—661,263 
Issued—Noy. 6, 1900 
In the manufacture of patent leather 
a pyroxylin lacquer containing oil is 
used. 


Waite, Charles N. 

Applied—May 7, 1901 
Assigned—The Cellulose Products Co. 
U.S.P—690,211 
Issued—Dec. 31, 1901 

The addition of lactic acid to nitro- 
cellulose solutions renders the formed 
film more plastic. ; 


Bentley, H. A. 
Applied—Sept. 20, 1901 
U.S.P.—690,915 
Issued—Jan. 14, 1902 

Pyroxylin, amyl acetate, cedar oil 

lacquers are used to impregnate card- 
board and other fibrous material to 
produce surfaces suitable for oil paint- 
ing. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin 3. oe 1 dram 
Amy] acetate ....... 1% pint 
Oil .of cedar usc hee 1 large teaspoon 


Bachrach, David 
Applied—April 4, 1901 
US.P.—692,102 
Issued—Jan. 28, 1902 
Graphic, plumbago or bitumen is 
added to the usual ingredients of cel- 
luloid to render the product acid and 
chemical proof. 


Daly, J. A. 

Applied—Aug. 30, 1900 
U.S.P.—694,946 
Issued—March 11, 1902 

Pyroxylin, celluloid, or the like is 
dissolved in amyl acetate or rubber in 
benzene or chloroform, and the solu- 
tion is worked up into a paste by the 
addition of finely divided metal, such 
as bronze powder. The _ resulting 
product is used for coating textile and 
other porous fabrics. 

See also Eng. Pat. 53848—1902. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 45 


Thomson, E. & Callan, John 
Applied—Nov. 7, 1901 
Assigned—General Electric Co. 
US.P.— 695,127 
Issued—March 11, 1902 

An insulating mass for electric wires 
is obtained by a mixture of a cellulose 
ester solution with an essential oil or 
phenol, and Venice turpentine. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ...... 100 parts wt. 
Csi OL hic. ids 5 parts wt. 
PREROLE YL Ses oc dae vs 50 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Cellulose for- 
mate, cellulose propionate, cellulose 
butyrate, cellulose benzoate, cellulose 
phenyl acetate, cellulose phenol pro- 
pionate, esters of oleic acid, esters of 
angelic acid, chloroform. 


Bonnaud, J. B. G. 
Applied—Nov. 11, 1901 
U.S.P.—697,790 
Issued—April 15, 1902 

A flexible, waterproof lacquer is ob- 

tained by mixing a pyroxylin solution 
with gum copal dissolved in boiling 
castor oil. 

Type Formula: 


Gum copal..... 6 parts 

Castor oil...... 180 parts 

Sugar of lead 

Litharge | 4 parts 20 parts 

White copperas 

Nitrocellulose and small) 
aropunbevanillin yo... 180 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
camphor, sugar of lead, white copperas. 
Eng. Pat. 8063—1901, 
Can. Pat. 78,060. 


Zuhl, Ernst 
Applied—Nov. 17, 1900 
U.S.P.—700,884 
Issued—May 27, 1902 
A composition of matter consisting 
of pyroxylin and a compound ester 
of carbonic acid and mono-oxygenated 
hydrocarbons of the aromatic series, 
such as diphenylearbonate. 
Type Formula: ~ 
SOS Se ee 2 kg. 
Diphenylearbonate 1 kg. 
Optional Constituents :—Tricresylcarbo- 
nate, trinaphthylcarbonate, 


eoeoeees eevee 


Zuhl, Ernst 
Applied—July 2, 1901 
U.S.P.—700,885 
Issued—May 27, 1902 

Esters of phosphoric acid with the 

mono-oxygenated hydrocarbons of the 
aromatic series (such as_ triphenyl- 
phosphate) are used in pyroxylin com- 
position in place of camphor. 

Type Formula: 


Triphenylphosphate ........ 50 kg. 
Nitrocellulose’<*, 2.2. -.4 0.0.4 120 kg. 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- 


phate, trinaphthylphosphate. 
See also D.R.P—700,885. 
See also Aust. Pat.—9557 


Kitsee, Isidor 

Applied—Feb. 8, 1902 
US.P.—701,357 
Issued—June 3, 1902 

Sulphur (about 2%) is added to 
pyroxylin and the product heated, the 
result being a flexible and non-cop- 
ducting (to electricity) composition. 


Stevens, John H. 
Applied—Aug. 28, 1893 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—718,670 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1903 
The product of the etherification of 
a mixture of alcohols with sulfuric 
acid is a good pyroxylin solvent. 
(Mixed ethers are obtained.) This 
patent contains a clear discussion of 
hygroscopic vs. non-hygroscopic sol- 
vents, the production of blushed films, 
the use of diluents, and many other 
essentials of modern lacquer manufac- 
ture. 
Optional Constituents: 
Alkyl ethers, mixed alkyl ethers, 
methyl amyl ether, ethyl amyl ether. 


Zuhl, Ernst 
Applied—Nov. 11, 1902 
US.P.—729,990 
Issued—June 2, 1903 

Cellulose nitrate together with an 
organic acid cellulose ester, such as the 
acetate, yield an elastic and more or 
less fireproof composition. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate 
Cellulose acetate 


ooetecece eee ereee 


46 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, aux- 
iliary solvents. 


Zuhl, Ernst 
Applied—April 17, 1902 
US.P.—733,110 
Issued—July 7, 1903 

A plastic mass is obtained by mixing 
pyroxylin with derivatives of the phos- 
phoric acid esters of the mono- 
oxygenated hydrocarbons of the 
aromatic series in which the oxygen of 
the PO group can be replaced by sul- 
fur and the hydrogen of the benzene 
ring by halogen, nitro groups, etc. 

Type Formula: 
Tricresylthio-phosphate 
Nitrocellulose 

Optional Constituents: 

Dinitrotri - naphthylthio - phosphate, 
mono-chlortricresyl phosphate, tetra- 
nitrotri-naphthyl-phosphate, auxiliary 
solvents. 

See also Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. 


eooereoereeoee ee eee 


Eichengrun, Arthur and Becker, T. 
Applied—Feb. 3, 1902 
Assigned—Farbenfabriken of Elberfeld 

Co. 
US.P.—738,533 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1903 

Cellulose acetate is used instead of 
the nitrate in plastic compositions, the 
product being flexible and only mod- 
erately inflammable. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 
Caniphor si rote ee 50 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Paratoluene sul- 
famid, methylic ester of paratoluene 
sulfonic acid, naphthalene, methyl 
ester of oxalic acid; methyl ester of 
phthalic acid, camphor substitutes. 


Schupphaus, Robert C. 
Applied—June 2, 1896 
US.P—741,554 
Issued—Oct. 13, 1903 
Mixed ethers of alkyls up to amyl 
are used in place of ordinary ether as 
solvent for pyroxylin in the prepara- 
tion of lacquers and plastics. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl isobutyl 
oxide, ethyl isoamyl oxide, ethyl iso- 
propyl oxide, propyl amyl oxide, butyl 
amyl oxide, propyl butyl oxide. 


Meygret, Achille 
Applied—June 29, 1902 
U.S.P.—756,176 
Issued—March 29, 1904 
A protective coating for storage bat- 
_ tery plates consisting of castor oil, 
essence of turpentine, “octonitrie” cel- 
lulose and cellulose tetranitrate. 


Schmidt, Albrecht 
Filed—Jan,. 12, 1900 
Assigned—Meister, Lucius & Bruning 
US.P—758,335 
Issued—April 26, 1904 

In the preparation of a celluloid-like 
composition the use of the alphyl- 
sulfonic compounds given below, as 
camphor substitutes. 

Optional Constituents: — Benzenesul-— 
famid, para - chlorbenzenesulfamid, 
para-toluenesulfamid, benzenesulfethy- 
lamid, benzenesulfdiethylamid, para- 
toluenesulfo-ethylamid, para-toluene- 
sulfo-diethylamid, acetbenzenesulfo- 
amid, acet-para-toluenesulfamid, ben- 
zoyl-benzenesulfamid, | benzoyl-para- 
toluenesulfamid, dibenzyl-benzenesulf- 
amid, dibenzyl-para-toluenesulfamid, 
dibenzyl-para-toluenesulfoimid, diben- 
zenesulfo-imid, benzenesulfanilid, para- 
chlorbenzenesulfanilid, dibenzyl-para- 
chlorbenzenesulfanilid, para-toluene- 
sulfanilid, dibenzyl-para-toluenesul- 
fanilid, benzenesulfo-methylanilid, 
benzenesulfo-ethylanilid, benzenesulfo- 
ortho-toluid, benzenesulfo-para-toluid, 
benzenesulfo-para-chloranilid, benzene- 
sulfo-ortho-phenetidin, | benzenesulfo- 
para-phenetidin, | benzenesulfo-alpha- 
naphthylamid, benzenesulfo-beta-naph- 
thylamin, benzenesulfo-diphenylamin, 
para-toluenesulfo-methylanilid, para- 
toluenesulfo-ethylanilid, para-toluene- 
sulfo-ortho-toluid, para-toluenesulfo- 
para-toluid, — para-toluenesulfo-meta- 
xylidid, para-toluenesulfo-para-chlor- 
anilid, para-toluenesulfo-ortho-phene- 
tidin, para-toluenesulfo-para-phene- 
tidin, para-toluenesulfo-alpha-naphthy- 
lamin, para-toluensulfo-beta-naphthy- 
lamin, para-toluenesulfo-diphenylamin, 
para - toluene - sulfo - phenylhydrazin, 
benzenesulfo-acidphenylether, para- 
toluene-sulfo-acidphenylether, benzene- 
sulfo-para-cresol,  para-toluene-sulfo- 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 47 


cresol, benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol, 
para-toluenesulfonaphthol, para-tolu- 
enesulfo-alpha-naphthol, —_ para-chlor- 
benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol, dibenzene- 
sulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin, di-para- 
toluenesulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin, para- 
chlorbenzenesulfo-anilid, para-toluene- 
sulfamido acetic acid, para-toluenesul- 
famidoethylester, para-toluenesulfo- 
acidethylester, ortho-sulfamidobenzoic 
acid, meta-sulfamidobenzoic acid, para- 
sulfamidobenzoic acid, ortho-sulf- 
amidoethylester, para-sulfamidoamyl- 
ester, meta-sulfamidoethylester, para- 
-sulfamidoethylester. 
See also Eng. Pat. 25,434—1899. 


Lederer, Leonhard 
Applied—May 13, 1902 
US.P.—774,677 
Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 
A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 
ing cellulose acetate with a compound 
containing hydroxyl, aldehyde, amide 
or ketone groups or with acid amides. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ......... 
UOT eee 4 ta 
Optional Constituents:—Chloral hydrate, 
acetophenon, acetamid. 


Walker, Wm. H. 
Applied—Nov. 13, 1902 
USP.—774,713 
Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 

Plastic masses are obtained when or- 

ganic acid esters of cellulose other than 
the nitrate, such as the acetate, are 
mixed with a solvent of low volatility 
such as thymol. A volatile solvent, 
for instance chloroform, may be added. 
The product is non-explosive. 

Type Formula: 


RS AMOTIMN GG veg ans ce sss 100 parts 
Cellulose acetate ......... 10 parts 
BERG ed Wiha eke ae o's s 5 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Phenol, cresol, 


essential oils, zinc oxide, 


Walker, Wm. H. 
Applied—Nov. 18, 1902 
US.P.—774,714 
Issued—Nov. 8, 1904 
A cellulose ester of a fatty acid 
mixed with a non-volatile solvent 


(thymol) and a non-solvent such as 
castor oil yields a plastic composition. 
The presence of thymol causes the cel- 
lulose acetate to be uniformly retained, 
although it is not a solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 10 parts 
A ODOL GY Tn cect ots eee 80 parts 
PEAY MOE Sy AY Page tities we tuies 5 parts 
Castor oil (in chloroform).. 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Phenol, 
dyes, pigments, 


cresol, 


Goldsmith, Byron B. 
Applied—Sept. 30, 1904 
U.S.P.—783,828 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1905 

A mixture of pyroxylin in one of its 

usual solvents and a drying oil is used 
as a leather lacquer. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulosel.o.....sens > 6 oz. 
Solvent (acetone, ther, 

GlOh hake pr ateco Mite aes 1 gal 
Drying oil Hien Pains 1-1.5 gals 


Optional Constituents:—Ether, ketone. 


Bachrach, C. 

Applied—Jan. 16, 1904 
US.P.—794,581 
Issued—July 11, 1905 

A non-inflammable or slow burning 
compound of nitrocellulose and similar 
substances produced by the addition 
to the usual constituents thereof the 
non-aqueous silicates of ethyl, methyl 
and amyl and similar silicates known 
s “silicic esters” and a free acid. 


Riddle, Robert N. 
Applied—June 13, 1904 
Assigned—Warner Chemical Co. 
U.S.P.—797,373 
Issued—Aug. 15, 1905 
Phenyl acetate is an odorless and 
non-inflammable solvent for pyroxylin 
and may be used either alone or with 
other solvents. 
Type Formula: 
Byroxviin «5220; on eee eee 
Phenyl acetate 7. 2a Cee: 
Optional Constituents :—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, acetone, 
amyl acetate. 


48 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Woodward, G. E. 
Applied—June 21, 1904 
U.S.P.—803,952 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1905 
A non-inflammable celluloid which 
comprises a mixture of celluloid, fish 
glue, gum arabic, gelatine, and rape 
oul. **: 
See also Eng. Pat. 
French Pat. 344,048. 


9277—1904; 


Lederer, Leonhard 
Applied—April 10, 1905 
US.P.—804,960 
Issued—Nov. 21, 1905 
Acetylene tetrachloride, alone or in 
conjunction with other solvents, is a 
good solvent for cellulose acetate and 
a lacquer is thus prepared. Acetylene 
tetrachloride is also a solvent for gums 
(copal) which may be incorporated. 
Optional Constitwents:—Resins, copal. 


Hunervein, Ferdinand 
Applied—June 8, 1905 
US.P.—805,466 
Issued—Nov. 28, 1905 
A lacquer consisting of gum copal, 
benzol, caoutchouc, celluloid and var- 
nish. 
Type Formula: 


Gum copal ....... 50 parts 
CBO re erates 10 parts 
Caoutchouc ..... 5 parts 4 pare 
Celluloid solution 2 parts 
ViaTIIRh ocean ee cul wen aot 20 parts 


Optional Constituents :—Para-gum. 


Collardon, Louis 
Applied—Nov. 22, 1905 
U.S.P.—830,493 
Issued—Sept. 11, 1906 

Plastic masses are obtained by 

treating cellulose organic esters with 
casein or a similar substance. A 
medium to cause swelling, such as an 
acid or base, may be present, or an 
alcohol, further a hardening medium 
such as formaldehyde, also solvents 
such as chloroform. 

Type Formula: 

~ Gellulose acetate 
Casein 1-4 parts 

Optional Canelitubyies- extend hex- 
amethylenetetramine,  thiocelluloses, 


oeeeweoereoer ere eee eee eee 


hydrocelluloses, caseinates, albumens, 
cellulose butyrate, cellulose aceto 
butyrate, cellulose palmitate, cellulose 
phenyl acetate chloral hydrate, pyri- 
dine, hydroxylamin, anilin, methylani- 
lin, dimethylanilin, formic acid ester, 
salicylic acid ester, esters of glycose 
sugars, lactose, levulose, saccharose, 
aceto-chlorhydrose, glycose dibutyrate, 
glycose distearate, glycose ditartrate, 
glycose tetratartrate, glycose diacetate, 
glycose triacetate, glycose pentacetate, 
octacetylic glycose, pentacetyl levulose, 
saccharo monoacetate, saccharo tetra- 
cetate, saccharo heptacetate, saccharo 
octacetate, halogen esters of glycerin, 
esters of phosphoric and benzoic acid, 
cellulose xanthogenate, cellulose palmi- 
tate, pigments and coloring matter. 


Behal, A. 
Assigned—Special Products Co. 
US.P -—831,028 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1906 ' 

Borneol is dissolved in a patcene for 
nitrocellulose, and nitrocellulose which 
has been moistened with alcohol is in- 
timately mixed with the solution of 
borneol and some camphor, and the 
solvent eliminated after the mixture 
has become homogeneous. 


Thieme, Oskar Bruno 
Applied—April 10, 1906 
U.S.P.—831,488 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1906 
Tetra substituted ureas are used as 


substitutes for camphor in plastic 
pyroxylin compositions. 

Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin™’ 370.5. see 2 parts 
Diethyl diphenyl urea ...... 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Camphor, tetra- 
phenylurea. 


Krais, Paul 

Applied—March 6, 1905 
Assigned—Bradford Dyers’ Ass’n, Ltd. 
US.P.—834,913 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1906 

Iso-amyl formate is a good solvent 
for pyroxylin. Lacquers thus prepared 
are used for coating textiles. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 49 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
Applied—Jan. 24, 1903 
U. S. P.—841,509 
Issued—Jan. 15, 1907 

Vulcanized oils, such as corn oil with 
pyroxylin and some common solvent 
such as amyl acetate form lacquers and 
plastic masses. Turpentine imparts 
brilliancy to the film. 
Optional Constituents:—Vulcanized non- 
or semi-drying oils, vulcanized drying 
oils, coloring matter, fusel oil, benzene. 


Aylsworth, Jonas W. 
Applied—May 31, 1906 
Assigned—New Jersey Patent Co. 
U.S.P.—855,556 
Issued—June 4, 1907 

A halogenized fatty acid or deriva- 
tive thereof is used in conjunction with 
acetone as a solvent for cellulose 
esters. Chlorinated stearic acid is 
specifically mentioned. 


Closmann, E. A. 
Applied—May 3, 1904 
US.P.—861,435 
Issued—July 30, 1907 

The process of coating linen with a 
composition of pyroxylin dissolved in 
amyl acetate and containing a dye or 
coloring material in suspension. 
Type Formula: 


OEE Sy ee 5 parts 
LE yal 2 1 part 
By aGetate cc. eel ee eee 94 parts 


See also Can. Pat. 110,622. 


Waite, C. N. 
Applied—Nov. 20, 1906 
US.P.—874,879 
Issued—Dec. 24, 1907 

A coating composed of cellulose 
ester dissolved in alcohol and ether, 
and containing as a softening agent 
castor oil, is used for rendering dress- 
shields waterproof. 


Rouxeville, E. A. L. 
Applied—June 3, 1907 
U.S.P.—881,827 
Issued—March 10, 1908 

A celluloid substitute composed of a 
solution of nitrocellulose mixed with 
a polymerized product of the oil of 


Optional 


turpentine or its equivalents. Acetone 
is used as a solvent. 


Doerflinger, Wm. F. 


Applied—Sept. 14, 1906 
US.P.—884,475 


' Issued—April 14, 1908 


A ready mixed paint comprising a 
pigment containing bronze powder, 
and a solution of organic acid cellu- 
lose ester in a volatile solvent which 
does not react with the bronze powder. 
A neutralizing agent may be added to 
neutralize any free acid present in the 
solvent. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........... 
I UELOUG Fe tice see ce Oe 1 gal. 
Anhydrous sodium carbonate : 
Metallic gold bronze powder 1.5 lbs. 
Constituents:—Gum resins, 
oils, castor oil, cellulose butyrate, 
acetate of starch. 


Lilienfeld, Leon 


Applied—Jan. 8, 1908 
US.P.—888,516 
Assigned—George H. Winterbottom 
Issued—May 26, 1908 
The treatment of fabrics with com- 
bination of nitrocellulose or acetylcel- 
lulose, either alone or mixed together 
or with other dressing materials, with 
organic acid esters of high boiling 
point, particularly with phthalic acid 
ester. 


Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose .......... 100 parts 
Ethyl phthalate ........ 50-150 parts 
Methyl alcohol 


Optional Constituents :—Celluloid, cellu- 


lose acetate, acetone, ethyl alcohol, 
acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, amyl 
acetate, butyl acetate, glue, gelatin, 
resins, albuminous substances. 


Schraube, C. & Loudien, E. 


Applied—June 12, 1906 
U.S.P.—892,899 
Issued—July 7, 1908 

A celluloid-like substance containing 
nitrocellulose and ethylethenyltrich- 
loramidin. 

See also—D.R.P. 180,126. 

See also Fr. Pat. 366,106. 

See also—Eng. Pat. 10228A—1906. 


50 


Marino, P. 
Applied—April 18, 1907 
U.S.P—893,634 
Issued—July 21, 1908 

Celluloid is dissolved, then a min- 
eral salt such as barium chromate, 
carbon tetrachloride or tetrabromide, 
trichlornithromethane and cyanogen 
added to the solution and thoroughly 
mixed and allowed to stand in a closed 
vessel 24 hrs. Then a formaldehyde 
solution is added and after allowing 
to stand for 8 to 10 hrs., the material 
is rolled or molded as desired. 

See also D.R.P. 206,471. 

Fr. Pat. 376,398. 

Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. 


Dosselman, Gustave 
Applied—Jan. 2, 1904 
Assigned—Adams & Elting Co. 
U.S.P.—893,987 | 
Issued—July 21, 1908 

A finishing material containing pig- 
ment dissolved in methyl alcohol, amyl 
acetate collodion, shellac to act as a 
binder for the pigment and cotton, and 
glycerine or a wax to serve as an 
evaporation retarder. 
Type Formula: 


Shellac esis das eee Cae 1 part 
Amyl acetate collodion ..... 2 parts 
Wood alcohol 

Pigment 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, vege- 
table gum, glycerine, wax. 


Bethisy, L. L. 
Applied—May 4, 1907 
U.S.P.—894,108 
Issued—July 21, 1908 


A plastic material obtained by the > 


action of a hydrocarbon (preferably 
essential oil of aspic or its chemical 
substitute) on tetranitrocellulose, the 
mass being subsequently subjected to 
the action of a mixture of sulfuric acid, 
ether, acetone, amyl acetate, alcohol 
and a solution of Unona selanica. 

See also Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907; Fr. 
Pat. 368,004. 


Raschig, Friedrich 
Applied—June 27, 1908 
U.S.P.—900,204 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Issued—Oct. 6, 1908 

This patent covers the partial or 
total substitution of camphor in cel- 
luloid-like bodies by cyclohexanol or 
cyclohexanone. 

See D.R.P.—174,914. 


Lilienfeld, Leon 


Applied—Oct. 2, 1906 
U.S.P.—904,269 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1908 

The process of treating surfaces, 
which comprises preliminarily treating 
the surface with a water repellent 
acyclic carbon compound and subse- 
quently applying a coating consisting 
of a substance of the cellulose group 
and mica. 


Optional Constituents:—Wax, paraffin, 


stearin, starch, wheat flour, rubber, 
glue, glycerine, castor oil, pigments. 


Goldsmith, Byron B. 


Applied—Nov. 28, 1903 
U.S.P.—909,288 
Issued—Jan. 12, 1909 

The process of enameling leather 
which: consists in supplying it with a 
surface containing pyroxylin and then 
applying thereto a solution containing 
pyroxylin, and drying oil and a flexi- 
bility-imparting substance such as a 
non-drying oil. 


Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin.  &4.4..0ss5 5 6 oz. 
Amyl acetate cc: sau oeeeenle 1 gal. 
Linseed oil or linseed oil var- 

Mish .. ss ésweway 0 0b alee 


Optional Constituents :—Benzine, turpen- 


tine, pigments. 


Krais, Paul M. 


Applied—Dec. 16, 1903 
US.P.—922, 295 
Issued—May 18, 1909 

The process of treating fabrics with 
a very dilute solution of a cellulose 
ester in one of the usual solvents, 
preferably amyl acetate. This patent 
is interesting, because it describes the 
spray-application of nitrocellulose. 


Schloss, Albert 


Applied—March 12, 1909 


Assigned—Furst Guido Donners 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 51 


Marck’sche Kunstseiden & Acetat- 
werke. 
U.S.P.—922,340 
Issued—May 18, 1909 
Formic acid is recommended as a 
solvent for cellulose acetate. 
See also Eng. Pat. 6554, 1909. 


Pearson, Herbert 
Applied—Oct. 8, 1907 
U.S.P.—927,674 
Issued—July 13, 1909 

A solution of nitrocellulose in ace- 

tone is used as a coating for straw 
hats. A decolorizing agent such as 
sulfurous acid may be incorporated in 
small quantities. 


De Montlord, Georges R. 
Applied—Nov. 4, 1907 
US.P.—928,235 
Issued—July 13, 1909 

A composition to be used for the 
manufacture of a non-cracking patent 
leather. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl acetate .......... 100 parts 
Nitrocellulose ........... 4-12 parts 
SN ase iste, Gothnk 2 parts 
OMS OE AOA! dad sig dies oes k «0.0 3-12 parts 
Pure grain alcohol...... 10-80 parts 
Spirits of turpentine..... 1- 4 parts 
ES Es 


Optional Constituents: -—Aluminum salts, 
vegetable oils. 


Kraemer, Gustav 
Applied—June 24, 1907 
US.P.—942,395 
Issued—Dec. 7, 1909 

The process of treating textiles with 

a solution of nitrocellulose with 
chlorhydrin and an aromatic deriva- 
tive of a sulfo-acid. 

Type Formula: 


OOS ee 100 parts 
La ee ee ies 450 parts 
OR ORLONGS. ia aod nce ss os 350 parts 
Pichiornydrin ......... 50- 60 parts 
P-toluol-sulfo-chlorid 25- 35 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorhydrin, 
epichlorhydrin, coloring matter. 

See also Eng. Pat. 26,201 of 1905. 
French Pat. 379,589. 


Vender, V. 
Applied—Dec. 8, 1906 
U.S.P.—946,294 
Issued—Jan. 11, 1910 
An aqueous solution of acetin is 
used as a gelatinizing agent for nitro- 
cellulose. 


Maxim, Hudson 
Applied—Oct. 7, 1904 
US.P—951,445 
Issued—March 8, 1910 

Trinitro-methyl-phenol is recom- 

mended as a solid, non volatile sol- 
vent for pyroxylin. Special use in ex- 
plosives. 


Schroeder, C.; Levi, L. E.; & Lasche, 
J. M. 
Applied—May 21, 1909 
U.S.P.—951,582 
Issued—March 8, 1910 
A coating composition composed of 
a cellulose compound, an inorganic 
salt of a fatty acid, a balsam, and a 
solvent. Gums—dammar, elemi, mas- 
tic, shellac, sandarach—may also be 
incorporated. 
Type Formula: 


DOGHPICOn ts tenes chien inte as 40 c.c. 
Calcium recinoleate ......... 1 gm 
Venice turpentine .......... 1 c.c 
Algohal esta: des wos oe 8 c.c. 


Optional Constituents :—Dinitrocellulose, 
acetyl cellulose, cellulose xanthates, 
tricetycellulose, oxycellulose, Canadian 
balsam, Peru balsam, Tolu balsam, 
copaiba balsam, calcium caprylate, 
barium caprylate, strontium caprylate, 
magnesium stearate, calcium oleate, 
calcium linoleate. 


Berend, Ludwig 
Applied—April 16, 1909 
Assigned—Commercial Products Co. 
US.P.—952,724 
Issued—March 22, 1910 
The production of a plastic and 
elastic substance consisting of a homo- 
geneous mixture of nitrocellulose and 
a formaldehyde condensation product 
such as casein formaldehyde. Gums 
such as shellac may also be incor- 
porated. 
Optional 


Constituents:—Casein, albu- 


52 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


men, phenol, glycerine, formaldehyde, 
paraformaldehyde, anhydroformalde- 
hydeanilin, anhydroformaldehydeanilin 
resinate, glue, anilin, shellac, nitrocellu- 
lose, acetyl cellulose, camphor. © 


Jaeger, Paul 
Applied—Feb. 26, 1909 
U.S.P.—953,621 
Issued—March 29, 1910 
A combined filler and stain for wood 
surfaces and the like, consisting of the 
mixture of collodion, a spirit stain and 
a solution in ether of a fat and rosin. 
Type Formula: 


SPIT BLD eo eee ee 2 parts 
Ether saturated with fat or 

tallow, > oe. ee kade ae Wee ee 1 part 
Pyroxylin® solutien: 225.42). 48 1 part 


Optional Constituents :—Rosin. 


Lederer, L. 

USP.—954,310 
Issued—April 5, 1910 

A substance containing acetyl cellu- 
lose is subjected to the action of a 
solution of acetic anhydride and sul- 
furic acid, until a film of acetyl cellu- 
lose of the desired thickness has been 
formed thereon, the acid being re- 
moved by washing with water. 


Lindsay, William G. 
Applied—June 26, 1909 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—961,360 
Issued—June 14, 1910 

A composition of matter containing 

nitrocellulose and benzyl benzoate to 
render the material elastic. 

Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, wood 
spirit, amyl acetate. 


Aylsworth, Jonas W. 
Applied—May 31, 1906 
US.P—962,877 
Issued—June 28, 1910 
A celluloid composition, comprising 
pyroxylin or other cellulose esters, 
combined with a halogenized fatty 
acid or its derivatives, which serves to 
render the compound non-inflammable. 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl, ethyl, 
propyl or amyl ester of a halogenized 
fatty acid such as stearic, palmitic or 
myristic acid; acetone. 


4 


Mork, Harry 
Applied—May 6, 1910 
Assigned—Chemical Products Co. 
US.P.—972,464 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1910 

A lacquer consisting of a cellulose 

ester of a fatty acid dissolved in 
methyl formate, in admixture with 
another solvent, if desired. 

Optional Constitwents:—Acetylene tetra- 
chloride, phenol, benzol, carbon tetra- 
chloride, acetone. 


Walker, H. V. 

Assigned—Maas & Waldstein Co. 
US,P.—972,953 
Issued—Oct. 18, 1911 

A pyroxylin solvent is made by re- 
acting on gas naphtha with alkali 
bicarbonate and hydrochlorite, and 
separating the oily portion from the 
aqueous portion and distilling the oily 
portions with calcium hydroxide. 

See also French Pat. 421,058. 

See also Can. Pat. 132,232. 


Leder, P. H. A. 
Applied—June 22, 1909 
Assigned—% E. E. Quandt & % Alex. 
M. Hanline. 
US.P.—974,285 
~~ Issued—Nov. 1, 1910 
An acid-proof, odorless and tasteless 
coating composition is obtained by 
dissolving cellulose or pyroxylin in a 
suitable solvent and adding thereto 
between three and ten per cent of a 
solution of sulphur in acetone or 
chloroform and evaporating to dry- 
ness, 
Optional Constituents:—Filler. 


Maxim, Hudson 
Applied—March 24, 1905 
U.S.P.—974,900 
Issued—Nov. 8, 1910 

The process of gelatinizing pyroxy- 

liv consisting in the use of tri-nitrani- 
sol and a solvent such as acetone. 
Special use in explosives. 

CHO Constituents :—Trinitrophene- 
tol. 


Claessen, C. H. 
Applied—June 7, 1910 
Assigned—E. I. DuPont De Nemours 
Powder Co. 


x 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 53 


US.P.—979,431 
Issued—Dec. 27, 1910 
A composition of matter containing 
97% nitrocellulose gunpowder and 3% 
fenchone. Special use gunpowder. 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, ether, 
alcohol. 


Diesser, G. G. 

Applied—Aug. 14, 1908 
US.P.—981,178 
Issued—Jan. 10, 1911 

The production of varnishes by heat- 
ing cellulose with fatty acids, above 
the decomposition temperature. 

Type Formula: 
Oxycellulose 
LEW ooo DAG Oca aE ae 15 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Wood oils, fatty 
acids of wood oils, benzol, starch, and 
castor oil. 


eooereeerere eee eee 


Kurz, Leonard 
Applied—Feb. 10, 1909 
US.P.—982,370 
Issued—Jan. 24, 1911 

A composition of matter for mak- 

ing gold-leaf. The liquid mixture is 
floated on water and the resultant film 
removed. 

Type Formula: 


Bronze powder .......... 120 gms 
Amyl acetate ............ 500 c.c 
PGNeING wats ede weds. 45 c.c 
Methylic alcohol ........ 50 c.c. 
ee LOLS OIE Shes on itdeds ess 3.7 gms. 
Witrocellulose......:.....: 25.25 gms. 


Optional Constitwents:—Coloring mat- 
ter. 


Becker, Theodor 
Applied—March 15, 1910 
Assigned—F arbenfabriken vorm. 
Friedr. Bayer and Co. 
U.S.P.—988,965 
Issued—April 11, 1911 
A composition of matter composed 
of a cellulose ester dissolved in di- 
chlorethylene and alcohol, in admix- 
ture with other solvents if desired. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ester ........... 200 parts 
Dichlorethylene .......... 650 parts 
ON GS es ea a a eR 150 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, chlor- 
oform. 


Ach, Lorenz 
Applied—Dec. 4, 1907 
Assigned—F’,, Boehringer & Soehne 
U.S.P.—996,191 
Issued—June 27, 1911 

In preparing plastic masses, cyclic 

oxides (compounds with oxygen in a 
ring) are good substitutes for cam- 
phor. 

Type Formula: 


Eevrouyliy tiene oan cere ete 60 parts wt. 
Alconol shovarcvcoses «tes 30 parts wt. 
Methylene glycerine ... 40 parts wt. 


Optional Constitwents:—Cineol, pinol, 
paraldehyde, glycid, glycid acetate, 
ethyl glycid ether, methylene ethylene 
ether, glycerin monochlor hydrinefor- 
mal, erithritidiformal, adonitediformal, 
rhamnitediformal, §mannitetriformal, 
ethylideneglycolether, ethylidenepropy- 
lene ether, acetoglycerol, triethylidene- 
mannite, acetone-glycerine, diaceton- 
erybite, diacetone arabite, diacetone 

. adonite, triacetone mannite, Pee 
dene glycerin, camphor, 


Ellis, Carleton 
Applied—Nov. 9, 1907 
Assigned—Ellis-Foster Co. 
U.S.P.—999,490 
Issued—Aug. 1, 1911 

Chloral derivatives of organic bodies 

containing hydroxyl groups (such as 
castor oil) are good substitutes for 
camphor in preparing plastic mate- 
rials. The usual solvents may bé pres- 
ent and various cellulose esters may 
be used. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulosds 3. recess. 60% 
Camphor iets. eat ce ahehe Se 20% 
Castor oil-chloral comp. ...... 20% 


Optional Constituents:—Cellulose stear- 
ate, cellulose oleate, cellulose benzoate, 
cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, 
tale, zinc white, oxide of iron, Prus- 
sian blue, wood flour, acetone, wood 
alcohol, denatured alcohol, methyl 
acetone, methyl ethyl ketone. 

Doerflinger, Wm. F. 

Applied—May 16, 1910 
Assigned—¥4 to The Perry-Austen 
Manufacturing Co. 


54 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


US.P.—1,003,438 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1911 
A solution consisting of cellulose 
acetate in diacetone alcohol, with or 
without nitrocellulose. 
See also Eng. Pat. 11,728, 1911. 
French Pat. 429,754. 


Mijnssen, Carl 
Applied—Dec. 27, 1909 
U.S.P.—1,005,454 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1911 

Plastic masses consisting of cellu- 

lose acetate in combination with sol- 
vents such as phenols are used for 
manufacturing hard sheets that are 
good insulators for electricity. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose. acetate ..5'qi es obese 100 
Chhloralorni.:< cesta ee see ee 800 
Alcohol i cgukch cuxpeeee eae 100 
Acetophenone) sya einis eet eee 60 
Optional Constitwents:—Chlorhydrins, 


guaiacol, acetin, anilin, acetophenone, 
chloroform, acetone. 
See also Aust. Pat. 50,656. 


Walker, Wm. H. 
Applied—Sept. 12, 1908 
US.P.—1,009,116 
Issued—Nov. 21, 1911 

A good lacquer is obtained by mix- 

ing together an organic cellulose ester 
with a halogen substitution product of 
ethane and a liquid which alone would 
be a non-solvent for the ester. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose Acetate ......... 1 part 
Acetylene tetrachloride .... 12 parts 
Wood aleohol =; vse sere 1 part 


Galay, Jacob & Galay, Boris 
Applied—Sept. 21, 1909 
US.P.—1,011,181 
Issued—Dec, 12, 1911 

In coating surfaces with metal pow- 
ders, a composition consisting of col- 
lodion and an oil or glycerin is used. 

Type Formula: 


Collodion -U.cives eee 100 parts 
Powdered metal .......... 3 parts 
Glycerin” 2. se eb eae 2-37% 

Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, 


mineral oil, anilin dyes. 


Medveczky, Sigismund 
Applied—Nov. 15, 1910 
U.S.P.—1,012,887 
Issued—Dec. 26, 1911 

A compns. of matter obtained by 

boiling together celloidin (celluloid), 
a solution of a water-soluble silicate, 
adding a metal oxide such as lead 
oxide, quartz powder and some resin- 
ous material. The liquid mixture is 
used as a paint, and has a glossy ap- 
pearance. 

Type Formula: 


Sodium silicate... 100 parts 
Quartz powder... 20 parts 
Lead oxide...... 5 parts 
Celloidin -..45.505 as much as dissolves 
Resinous material 0.25-1.5 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Gum _ copal, 
kauri gum, camphor, coloring matter, 
potassium silicate, calcium oxide, mag- 
nesium oxide, kaolin, talcum, pumice, 
fluorspar. 


Eichengrun, Arthur 
Applied—Jan. 21, 1910 
US.P.—1,015,155 
Issued—Jan. 16, 1912 
See also U.S.P. 1,015,156 

A composition comprising a cellu- 

‘lose acetate dissolved in an alcohol 
and a hydrocarbon viz.—a mixture of 
ethyl alcohol and toluol. The ester. 
is insoluble at room temperature but 
soluble at the boiling temperature of 
the solvents. If a true solvent such 
as acetone or acetic acid is then added 
a viscous solution results. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ............ 2 kg. 
Ethyl alcohol -..2.. ous 10 kg. 
Benzene 4% +s«s ses teen 10 kg. 
Optional Constitwents:—Methyl alco- 


hol, toluol, acetone, acetic ether, acetic 
acid, dichlorhydrin, acetate of gly- 
cerine, ether of lactic acid, aceto- 
chlorhydrin, camphor, primary aro- 
matic amins, aromatic nitro com- 
pounds, phenol derivatives. 
See also U.S.P.—1,015,156. 
Can. Pat. 129,265. 


Eichengrun, Arthur 
Applied—Original date Jan. 21, 1910; 
Feb. 9, 1911 . 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 50 


U.S.P.—1,015,156 
Issued—Jan. 16, 1912 

Cellulose acetate while insoluble in 
either alcohol or hydrocarbon (toluol) 
is soluble in a mixture thereof at the 
boiling temperature. The subsequent 
addition of a true solvent (acetone, 
acetic acid, etc.) produces a plastic 
mass suitable for working. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 1 kg. 
Methyl alcohol ........... 2 kg. 
deh ae Ae 1 kg. 
Acetylmethylanilin ........ 150 gms. 
Hpichiornydrin 46600366. « 100 gms. 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, _ tri- 
chloranilin, coloring matter, resins, 
white zinc, graphite, mica, asbestos, 
powdered metal, phenol derivatives, 
acetone, acetic ether, acetic acid, 
dichlorhydrin, acetate of glycerine, 
ether of lactic acid, camphor, primary 
aromatic amins, secondary aromatic 
amins, aromatic sulfo compounds, aro- 
matic nitro compounds. 

See also U.S.P—1,015,156. 

See also Can. Pat. 129,265. 

See also Aust. Pat. 47,899. 

See also Swiss Pat. 51,952. 


Bladen, Walter C. 


Applied—Dec. 30, 1911 
Assigned—Aaron C, Horn. 
U.S.P.—1,021,569 
Issued—March 26, 1912 

A paint for coating concrete, par- 
ticularly suited to reduce the absorb- 
ing action of the porous undersurface. 
Nitrocellulose, a drying oil (tung oil) 
or a fatty acid derived therefrom, a 
non-drying oil (oleic acid), a resin or 
gum and a suitable ester or ketone sol- 
vent mixture. This patent describes 
the use of various gums—sandarac 
yielding a dull finish and dammar and 
Manila copal a glossy one. The use 
of gums in lacquers to increase body 
without increasing viscosity is clearly 
described. The use of a high-boiling 
solvent such as amyl acetate to pre- 
vent blush is specified. The use of 
diluents such as petroleum hydrocar- 
bons is described and caution in their 
use (owing to incompatibility with 
nitrocellulose) is mentioned. 


Type Formula: 


Amyl acetate =a als 7 parts 
Bensaler wis Gestion: os ics 16 parts 
Methyl aleohol aie sivk sens 30 parts 
AGCLONG: Fad Abas cue + Se 7 parts 
Soluble cotton so sdinceees. 8 parts 
PAMCEIAG TAS ei vipa ere 10 parts 
Olei¢ acid... ..6s.n0.- re eee 10 parts 
Fatty acids of tung oil...... 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Manganese 
oleate, petrolatum, oil of mirbane, 
Russian turpentine, dammar, manila 
copal, methyl acetone, methyl ethyl 
ketone, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, 
linseed oil, fish oil, corn oil, soy bean 
oil, cotton seed oil. 


Taylor, Edwin 
Applied—May 18, 1910 
Assigned—Union Clay Products Co. 
U.S.P.—1,025,217 
Issued—May 7, 1912 

A composition containing vulcan- 

ized oil, nitrated oil, nitrocellulose and 
clay suitable for insulating wires; as 
tops of rubber boots, etc. 

Type Formula: 


Vulcanized oil and clay.... 100 parts 
Nitra teds Olas ja ieeakes wise», 390: parts 
Nitrocellulose ............. 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Nitrated resin, 
acetone. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—August 10, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,027,486 
Issued—May 28, 1912 

Composition of matter consisting of 

acetyl cellulose dissolved in a mixture 
of acetodichlorhydrin and alcohol in 
admixture with other solvents. The 
solvent power of the acetodichlor- 
hydrin is greatly increased by the 
presence of alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose .... 1 pt. (by wt.) 
Acetodichlorhydrin . 3 pts. (by vol.) 
Methyl alcohol .... 2 pts. (by vol.) 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
coloring matter, inert substances. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co, N. Y. 


56 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


US.P.—1,027,614 
Issued—May 28, 1912 

A lacquer consisting of a solution 
of acetyl cellulose in ethylenechlor- 
hydrin, in admixture with other sub- 
stances, if desired. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 
Ethylenechlorhydrin 10 parts 

Optional Constitwents:—Alcohol, ether, 
acetone, ethyl acetate, camphor, cam- 
phor substitutes, epichlorhydrin, chlor- 
oform. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. ae 
US.P.—1,027,615 
Issued—May 28, 1912 ee 
A lacquer composition consisting of 
a solution of acetyl cellulose in ethy- 
lene-acetochlorhydrin, in admixture 
with other substances if desired. 
Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 
Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin .. 10 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, 
camphor, camphor substitutes, ether, 
epichlorhydrin. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Aug. 10, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,027,616 
Issued—May 28, 1912 

A solution of acetyl cellulose in a 

mixture of ethylene chloride and alco- 
hol. Other solvents may be included 
if desired. Ethylene chloride by itself 
is not a sol. for cellulose acetate. The 
solvent action decreases when the pro- 
portions given are varied. 

Type Formula: 


Methyl alcohol ........... 21% parts 
Ethylene chloride ........ 1 part 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
chloroform, epichlorhydrin, acetone, 


camphor, ether. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Aug. 11, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
USP.—1,027,617 
Issued—May 28, 1912 


Nitrocellulose dissolved in ethylene 
chlorhydrin forms a liquid useful as 


a lacquer. Other solvents may be 
added. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose .........ces. 1 part 
Ethylenechlorhydrin ....... 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—August 11, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,027,618 
Issued—May 28, 1912 
Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin dissolves 
nitrocellulose to form a liquid suitable 


for use in lacquers or plastics. Other 
solvents may be added. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose - ..:d.si¢0 eee 1 part 
Ethylene-acetochlorhydrin . 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Aug. 25, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
US.P.—1,027,619 
Issued—May 28, 1912 

A lacquer composed of acetyl cellu- 

lose dissolved in a solvent of relatively 
high volatility to which benzyl ben- 
zoate, itself a non-solvent for acetyl 
cellulose and of low volatility is added. 
The formed film is rendered flexible 
by the benzyl benzoate. 

Type- Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 12 sare 
Asetoné ©), .2... 7s 10 __—s parts 
Triphenyl phosphate..... 2 part 
Urea, .. ied cee ee oe 01 part 
Benzyl benzoate ........ 2-5 parts 


Bronnert, Emile 
Applied—March 25, 1911 
Assigned—The Firm of Vereinigte 
Glanzstoff-Fabriken A-G. 
US.P.—1,029,341 
Issued—June 11, 1912 
A composition of matter consisting 
of formyl esters of cellulose dissolved 
in lactic acid. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 57 


Type Formula: 


TICLE te a. ori ens 7 parts 
PEO AIO Wess nic ® hans s0's-s 100 parts 
UNS Ube be ee 50 parts 


The formic acid is removed by vacuum ° 


distillation. 


Benrath, P., Damm, E. & Stephani, O. 
Assigned to Farbenfabr. vorm. 
F. Bayer & Co. 
U.S.P.—1,031,616 
Issued—July 2, 1912 
See F. P. 408,370 
See also Eng. Pat. 11,854—1909. 


Walker, W. H. 
Applied—Oct. 23, 1905 
U.S.P.—1,035,108 
Issued—Aug. 6, 1912 

A composition of matter consisting 

of a solution of acetyl cellulose in 
acetylene tetrachloride and another 
solvent, which may be a non-solvent 
for cellulose acetate. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 1 part 
Acetylene tetrachloride . 10-12 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Chloroform, 


acetone, wood alcohol, benzol. 
See also U. S. P—452,776. 


Mork, Harry S. 
Applied—March 17, 1910 
Assigned—Chemical Products Co. 
US.P.—1,039,782 
Issued—October 1, 1912 

A solvent for cellulose acetate con- 

sisting of methyl chloracetate, together 
with another solvent and a monohydric 
alcohol of the paraffin series boiling 
below 80° C., if desired. The presence 
of the non-solvent alcohol increases 
the solvent power of the methyl 
chloracetate. The high boiling point 
of the methyl chloracetate (129° C.) 
prevents moisture blush. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ............. Lalb. 
Methyl chloracetate ......... 1 gal. 

Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, ace- 
tone, chloroform, benzol, carbon- 
tetrachloride. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—August 25, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 


US.P—1,041,112 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 
A composition of matter consisting 
of acetyl cellulose dissolved in a mix- 
ture of pentachlorethane and methyl 
alcohol in conjunction with other sol- 
vents, liquid or solid, and inert mate- 
rial. 
Type Formula: 
Pentachlorethane ............ 
Methyleslcoholtaw.). 204%. 3: 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—November 6, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,041,113 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 
The process of making plastic com- 
pounds of cellulose acetate consisting 
in (1) incorporating ethyl para toluol- 
sulphonamid and triphenyl phosphate 
with an acetyl cellulose which is solu- 
ble in acetone; (2) Adding methyl 
alcohol; (3) Allowing the mixture to 
stand at room temperature in a closed 
vessel until it becomes gelatinized. 

Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate, toluolsulphonamid, benzene 
sulphonamid, ethyl acetanilid, methyl 
acetanilid, ethyl alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—November 7, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,041,114 
Issued—October 15, 1912 

A composition of matter consisting 

of a solution of cellulose acetate in a 
mixture of trichlorhydrin and one or 
more of the mentioned groups of alco- 
hols (methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol), 
said trichlorhydrin, and alcohol or 
alcohols being in equal volumes, in 
combination with other substances 
either in liquid or solid form. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........ 1 part wt 
Trichlorhyvdrinw. 27a. see 5 parts wt 
Ethyl alcohol ........... 5 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents :—Methyl alcohol, 
ether, acetone, camphor and its substi- 
tutes, epichlorhydrin, chloroform, col- 
oring matter. 


58 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,041,115 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 
See also U.S.P.—1,041,116 

A process of dissolving acetone— 

soluble cellulose acetate by mixing 
with camphor and triphenyl phosphate 
and adding methyl alcohol. The ad- 
dition of the phosphate renders the 
material non-inflammable. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts 
am phor 4 tsi an ee 15— 35 parts 
Triphenylphosphate .... 10— 25 parts 
Hthyl ;alcohol, 3..46 ta 40— 50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- 


phate, coloring matter, inert material. 
See also U.S.P. 1,041,115. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,041,117 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 

Process of dissolving acetone-soluble 

cellulose acetate in tetrachlorethyl 
acetanilid, triphenylphosphate and 
methyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts 
Tetrachlorethyl acetani- 

See tae ee eo ene 15— 25 parts 
Triphenylphosphate .... 15- 25 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 40— 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethyl 
acetanilid, tricresylphosphate, coloring 
matter, inert material. 

See also U.S.P.—1,041,118. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

. Appled—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,041,118 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1912 

Process of dissolving acetone-soluble 
cellulose acetate by means of a mix- 
ture of triphenylphosphate, tetrachlor- 
ethyl acetanilid and ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 

Acetyl cellulose ....... 
Triphenylphosphate .... 


100 parts 
10- 30 parts 


Tetrachlorethyl acetani- 


lid: iss $30 5a 25— 35 parts 
Kthyl alcohol sAg..095 50- 70 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresylphos- 


phate, trichlormethyl acetanilid, color- 
ing material, inert matter. 
See also U.'S.P.—1,041,117. 


Schmidt, Otto; Lutz, George & Eich- 
ler, T. 
Applied—June 13, 1912 
Assigned—Badische Anilin & Soda 
Fabrik 
U.S.P.—1,045,895 
Issued—Dee. 3, 1912 
A lacquer composed of nitrocellulose 
and an ester of a completely hydro- 
genized cyclic alcohol containing from 
five to six carbon atoms in the ring. 
Such esters are claimed to be prefer- 
able to amyl acetate. Other materials 
may be added if desired. 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose ...........s 
Cyclo-hexanol acetate..... 100 parts 
Optional Constituents :—Camphor, beta- 
methyl-cyclopentanol acetate, esters of 
hexahydrophenols, esters of cyclo- 
pentanols, alcohol, castor oil, cyclo- 
hexanol formate, methyl-cyclohexanol 
formate. 
See also Eng. Pat. 3869, 1912. 
D.RP. 251,351. 
Swiss Pat. 59,164. 
Swiss Pat. 61, 611. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 5, 1909 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,045,990 
Issued—Dec, 3, 1912 

A cellulose acetate lacquer or plastic 

containing triphenylphosphate to de- 
crease inflammability, urea to render 
the film stable, and solvents. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose .......... 100 parts 
Urea... .20: co 1-2 parts 
Solvents: :.... cnn ee eee ad lib. 


Lindsay, W. G. . 
Applied—May 5, 190 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,050,065 
. Issued—Jan. 7, 1913 
The process of making a non-inflam- 


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| . 
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ee aS ah Oe ee eee ee ee ee ee ee 


ee Se aN ee ee ee, ae 


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vs Us oe 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 59 


mable composition of matter by com- 
bining acetyl cellulose and tripheny]l- 
phosphate by the use of a solvent 
common to both. Urea is added as a 
stabilizer. Solvents such as acetone 
may be added to produce a lacquer. 


Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Triphenylphosphate ..... 10-20 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Urea, acetone, 
chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetylene 
tetrachloride. 

See also U.S.P.—1,067,785. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—April 8, 1911 
Orig. May 5, 1909 

Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,067,785 
Issued—July 15, 1913 

A composition of matter consisting 
of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate, 
triphenylphosphate, in admixture with 
a solvent common to both. Triphenyl- 
phosphate increases both the strength 
and tenacity and also insures non- 
inflammability. Urea is added as a 
stabilizer. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts 
Triphenylphosphate... 10 —- 20 parts 
iy Ok ee Aaa 1%- 2 parts 
BOWVETL EEE Ss Gyidcc sites 0s ad lib. 
Optional Constitwents:—Diphenylamin, 
trichlorphenol, tricresylphosphate, 


phenolsalicylate, acetone, chloroform, 

ethyl acetate, acetylene tetrachloride, 

alcohols, coloring matter, pigments. 
See also U.S.P.—1,050,065. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,076,215 
Issued—Oct. 21, 1913 

The process of making acetyl cellu- 
lose plastic masses which comprises 
incorporating an acetone-soluble acetyl 
cellulose with camphor in the presence 
of a small proportion of methyl] alco- 
hol. Ethyl alcohol is described as in- 
operative for this use. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts 
c7atOpnGr. Fe, See. eis + oe 25-40 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 40-60 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 


ter, pigments, 


Lindsay, W. G. 


Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,076,216 
Issued—Oct. 21, 1913 

The process of making acetyl cellu- 
lose plastic masses which comprises . 
incorporating an acetone-soluble 
acetylcellulose with camphor in the 
presence of a small proportion of 
ethyl alcohol and heating. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts 
Camphorewytcer ne... 25-40 parts 
Ethyl alconoloses.. 22.3. 40-60 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 


ter, pigments. 


Koller, Gustav 


Applied—Feb. 8, 1912 
U.S.P.—1,079,773 
Issued—Nov. 25, 1913 

The process of dissolving cellulose 
esters in the presence of phenols with 
chlorine substitution products of ethy- 
lene containing more than two atoms 
of chlorine. The cellulose composi- 
tion can be prepared in a gelatinous 
form by an excess of the chlorine com- 
pound or by the materials mentioned 
below. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 1 part 
Garbolict A6id. o.oo. os asi 2 parts 
Trichlorethylene .......... 20 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Water, alcohol, 


benzine, petroleum spirit, perchlorethy- 
lene. 


Masland, Walter E. 


Applied—Oct. 7, 1912 
Assigned—E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
Power Co. 
U.S.P.—1,082,543 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1913 
A lacquer comprising a chlorolefin 
mixed with, and rendering miscible a 
plurality of normally immiscible 


60 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


liquids. Chlorolefins are not solvents 
for  pyroxylin. Chlorolefins are 
cheaper and claimed to have other 
advantages over fusel oil which it re- 
places, 

Type Formula: 


WW O00 “siogbinl: coos st eee 50 parts 
BOD AIIE NS ees os cee cere oem 50 parts 
Chiorolefing’ is cesetneese 4 6 parts 


Weedon, Wm. Stone 
Applied—June 27, 1912 
Assigned—E,. I. duPont de Nemours 
Co. 
U.S.P.—1,082,573 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1913 
The process of dissolving nitro- 
cellulose in an aldehyde-alcohol such 
as acetaldol. 
See also Eng. Pat. 22,623, 1912. 
Fr. Pat. 449,606 
D.R.P. 292,951. 
Swiss Pat. 63,136. 
Aust. Pat. 72,493. 


Masland, Walter 
Applied—Oct. 5, 1912 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,084,702 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1914 

A solvent comprising a plurality of 
miscible solvent bodies including an 
alkylene diacetate. The resultant so- 
lution, to which diluents are added, 
may be used as a lacquer. 

Type Formula: 

Nitrocellulose is dissolved in benzol 
and amylene and hexylene diacetates. 
A large percentage of benzol being 
used and a comparatively small per- 
centage of the diacetates. 


Danzer, Henry 
Applied—June 11, 1912 
Assigned—Compagnie Generale de 
Phonographes, Cinematographes et 
Appareils de Precision. 
U.S.P.—1,089,910 
Issued—March 10, 1914 
A plastic composition comprising 
an acidy] derivative of cellulose and a 
glycerine derivative in which at least 
one of the hydroxyl groups of glycer- 
ine is replaced by an ether-forming or- 
ganic radical. 


Optional Constituents:—Diphenyl ether 
of glycerine, phenylglycid ether, chlo- 
rine derivatives of diphenyl ether of 
glycerine, decresyl ethers of glycerine. 


Rampichini, Francesco 
Applied—Sept. 6, 1912 
U.S.P.—1,089,960 
Issued—March 10, 1914 
An adhesive fluid for gluing pur- 
poses, consisting of celluloid, a solvent 
such as acetone, and a crystallizable 
organic acid such as oxalic acid to 
increase the fluidity of the solution. 
Type Formula: 


Acetone \ 3.03 suse dee 100 lbs 
Celluloid ~....= sabe oie eee 20-30 Ibs. 
Oxalic asid: <).ikc5eceeeeee 14— 2 lbs. 
Optional Constitwents:—Ether, amyl 


acetate, ethyl alcohol, tartaric acid, 
citric acid. 
See also Eng. Pat. 7086, 1913. 


Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. 
Applied—June 4, 1913 
Assigned—E. I. DuPont de Nemours 

Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,090,641 
Issued—March 17, 1914 

A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- 
pounds composed of a urea derivative 
containing in the amido group at least 
one unsubstituted hydrogen atom and 
at least one aromatic radical in sub- 
stitution for a hydrogen atom of said 
group. 

Type Formula: 

5% of desired compound is used 
with the nitrocellulose. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl phenyl 
urea, phenyl urea, methyl phenyl urea, 
methyl diphenyl urea. 

See also French Pat. 459,541. 
See also Swiss Pat. 65,925. 


Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, 

F, 

Applied—June 4, 1913 

Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 

U.S.P.—1,090,642 

Issued—March 17, 1914 
A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- 

pounds, consisting of a derivative of 

an organic acid amid, in which one of 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 61 


the hydrogen atoms of the amino 
group is replaced by an aromatic 
radical, and the radical of the acid 
contains, at most, carbon, hydrogen 
and oxygen. 
Type Formula: 

5% of desired compound is recom- 
mended. 
Optional Constituents :—Formanilid, 
acet-ortho-toluidid, acet-para-anisidid, 
acet-B-naphthalid, benz-ortho-anisidid, 
phenyl-acetanilid, ethyl-acet-B-naph- 
thalid, phenyl-acet-o-naphthalid. 

See also French Pat. 459,542. 

Swiss Pat. 65,139. 


Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, 

F. 
Applied—June 4, 1913 
Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours 

Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,090,643 
Issued—March 17, 1914 

A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- 
pounds composed of at least one 
highly nitrated nitric ester and an 
ether containing an aryl group con- 
taining only carbon and hydrogen. 
Type Formula: 

5% of the desired compound is rec- 
ommended. 
Optional Constituents:—Diphenyl ether, 
phenyl-benzyl-ether, ethyl-naphthyl- 
ether, Phenanthryl-methyl-ether. 

See also French Pat. 459,539. 

Swiss Pat. 65,459. 


Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, 
F, 
Applied—June 4, 1913 
Assigned—E,. I. duPont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,090,644 
Issued—March 17, 1914 
A stabilizer for nitrocellulose com- 
pounds consisting of at least one 
highly nitrated nitric ester and an 
ester of a substituted carbamic acid 
containing at least one aromatic 
radical. 
Type Formula: 
5% of the desired compound is 
recommended. 
Optional Constituents:—Phenyl  ure- 
thane, methyl-phenyl-urethane, phenyl 


ester of diphenyl-carbamic acid, phenyl 
ester of phenyl carbamic acid. 
See also French Pat. 459,540. 
Swiss Pat. 65,138. 


Aylsworth, J. W. 


Filed—January 2, 1912 
Assigned—Condensite Co. of America 
US.P.—1,094,830 
Issued—April 28, 1914 

A composition of matter consisting 
of cellulose acetate and a phenol resin 
dissolved in acetylene tetrachloride. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ... 200 parts wt. 
Phenol resin ....-.. 25-200 parts wt. 
Acetylene tetrachlo- 
Tides st cei sce. 100-200 parts wt. 
Hexamethylene tet- 
Yantiieeo 26 es cs 2- 12 parts wt. 
Billert sccm ace meena 2 0-300 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Cresol resin, 


chlorinated stearic acid, methyl stear- 
ate, ethyl stearate, propyl stearate, 
amyl stearate, methyl palmitate, ethyl 
palmitate, propyl palmitate, amyl pal- 
mitate, methyl myristate, ethyl myri- 
state, propyl myristate, amyl myri- 
state, phthalic anhydride, “benzoic 
anhydride,” tetrachlorophenol, acetone, 
dichlormethane. 


Reid, D. E. 


Applied—July 6, 1909 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,095,999 
Issued—May 5, 1914 

A solution of cellulose acetate in 
pentachlorethane and organic sol- 
vents. The pentachloracethane is used 
as a volatility retarder. Due to its 
high boiling point this material acts 
also as plasticizer, 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ..-..... 1 part 
Acetonaseiavartve scion ee 4 parts 
Pentachlorethane ........ 14-1 part 


Collardon, Louis 


Applied—Jan. 20, 1913 
U.S.P.—1,105,619 
Issued—Aug. 4, 1914 

Anti-fouling varnish consisting of a 
condensation product of phenol with 
an aldehyde combined with a com- 


62 


pound of poisonous nature and in ad- 
mixture with a cellulose ester, and a 
solvent or solvents suitable for both 
ester and condensate. 

Optional Constituents:—Mercury com- 
- pounds, arsenic compounds, carbolic 
acid, formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, 
water, dichlorethylene, trichlorethy- 
lene, dichlorbenzene, acetone, carbon 
tetrachloride, collulose formate, cellu- 
lose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellu- 
lose pamitate, jelutong resin, rubber 
resins, chlorbenzol, tetrachlorethane, 
perchlorethane, pentachlorethane, hexa- 
chlorethane. 


Mork, Harry S. 
Applied—March 27, 1914 
Assigned—Chemical Products Co. 
US.P.—1,107,222 
Issued—Aug. 11, 1914 

Cellulose acetate is’ dissolved in 
acetylene tetrachloride and then co- 
agulated by means of a mixture of 
aliphatic hydrocarbons with acetylene 
tetrachloride in order to prepare fila- 
ments, films and masses of the cellu- 
lose acetate. Kerosene is recom- 
mended as the hydrocarbon. 


Chalmers, H. B. 
Filed—Nov. 29, 1909 
U.S.P.—1,112,890 
Issued—Oct. 6, 1914 
A cement of the following compo- 
sition: 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ............ 1 lb. 
Chidrotetm: soiree: eine geese 1% gal. 
Acetone ..... VEE Ie des 1% gal. 
Castor ol: 224-e8 Bee 1% 
Oarbolie-adid' 9.58 2 aes 1% 


Kniffen, Frederick 

Applied—Oct. 28, 1912 

Assigned—E,. I. du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 

U.S.P.—1,118,498 

Issued—Nov. 24, 1914 
A solvent for pyroxylin comprising 


ethyl acetate and benzol, the latter be-_ 


ing used as a diluent to cheapen the 
mixture. As high as 70% of benzol 
can be used without decreasing the sol- 
vent power of the ethyl acetate. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin <<... Ge.cueeee 8 oz. per gal. 
Ethyl acetate ........ 1 part 
Benzol:., ..7oevasereeee 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, 
gums, resins, 


Tessler, A. G. 
Filed—May 4, 1910 
Assigned—New Jersey Patent Co. 
US.P.—1,122,554 
Issued—Dec. 29, 1914 
A cement of the following compo- 
sition: 
Type Formula: 
Non-inflammable film material 30% 


Inflammable film material.... 1% 
Acetone. . si s..0eee eee 47% 
Chlorofortii “4; iss. ges ee eee 214% % 
Glacial acetic acid .......... 21%% 
Amyl acetate -. ss... teen 6% 


Optional Constituents :—Celluloid, cellu- 
lose acetate. 


Graves, S. C. 
Applied—Jan. 2, 1913 
U.S.P.—1,124,012 
Issued—Jan. 5, 1915 

A coating for wood, metal, etc., com- 

posed of pyroxylin and dextrin to- 
gether with suitable solvents. The 
dextrin serves as a filler. Castor oil 
may be added to increase flexibility 
and adhesiveness. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl alcohol .c< cs. éeeeeoee 3 qts. 
Ether | ..:ccssas aces a ee 1 qt. 
Pyroxylin% 4 oe ee 4 oz. 
White dextrin j..c.1..4000eee 4 oz. 
Castor oil .o.4)..5 See 3 OZ. 
Turpentine (Canada) ........ 5 oz. 


Optional Constituents:—Olive oil, pig- 
ments, methyl alcohol. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
U.S.P.—1,128,468 
Issued—Feb. 16, 1915 

A plastic mass consisting of cellulose 

acetate, a tri-aryl-phosphate and ethyl 
or methyl alcohol. Triphenyl phos- 
phate and methyl alcohol exert more 
powerful actions than the other con- 
stituents mentioned. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 63. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ..... eo © 100. parts 
Triphenylphosphate ..... 10-30 parts 
Methyl alcohol .......... 30-45 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
tricresyl phosphate. 


Hart, A. M. 
Applied—Aug. 4, 1911 
Assigned—Viking Manufacturing Co. 
US.P.—1,131,929 
Issued—March 16, 1915 

A lacquer for treating fabrics com- 

posed of nitrated cellulose or celluloid 
dissolved in ether and methylated 
spirit containing a small quantity of 
“lucrate” composed of a mixture of 
purified animal oil and non-animal oil, 
whereby the spirit can be mixed with 
the dissolved cellulose or celluloid. 
(For description of “lucrate,” see E.P. 
11,340—1909.) 

Type Formula: 


Nitrated cellulose ........... 1 |b. 
VS Nee TIES Ge Gea ana a 1 |b. 
Methylated spirit ............ 1 gal. 
“1s Oe 22 ope esas op aia 3 gills 
Sodium tungstate ............ 3% OZ. 
Ite as ks scot hs oes jul. 


Optional Constituents:—Animal fat, 
vegetable oil, mineral oil, oleagineous 
matter derived from seed waste. 

See also Eng. Pat. 18,607—1910; 
French Pat. 433,012. _ 


Ratignier, M. 

Applied—April 21, 1913 
U.S.P.—1,133,062 
Issued—March 23, 1915 

The process of impregnating and 
waterproofing open mesh fabrics by 
means of a solution comprising col- 
lodion, gum lac, and amyl acetate. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 5, 1909 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y 
US.P.—1,133,385 
Issued—March 30, 1915 

A composition of matter for making 

films consisting of an acetone soluble 
organic acid ester of cellulose, tri- 
phenylphosphate, acetone, acetylene 
tetrachloride, and urea. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts wt. 

AcetOhe ea tras oe 3 300 parts wt. 

Triphenylphosphate ... 15 parts wt. 

Acetylene tetrachloride 45 parts wt. 

Urea es Sere, 2 parts wt. 
Kniffen, F. 


Applied—April 12, 1913 
Assigned—E, I. du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 
US.P.—1,135,026 
Issued April 13, 1915 
A solvent mixture for nitrocellulose 
composed of ethyl acetate and benzol 
with the admixture of other solvents, 
if desired. As much as 70% benzol 
may be used in the presence of ethyl 
acetate without causing the precipita- 
tion of the nitrocellulose. 


Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, 


gums, resins, etc. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 


Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
US.P.—1,136,248 
Issued—April 20, 1915 

A solvent mixture for cellulose ace- 
tate composed of _ tetrachlorethyl 
acetanilid or trichlormethyl acetanilid, 
or a mixture of the two, in conjunc- 
tion with methyl alcohol in substan- 
tially equal proportions of the solids 
and the alcohol. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts 
Tetrachlorethyl acetanilid 25-40 parts 
Methyl alcohol .......... 40-50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethy] 


acetanilid, 


Lilienfeld, Leon 


Applied—July 11, 1914 
US.P—1,140,174 
Issued—May 18, 1915 

1. A composition of matter consist- 
ing of a solution of cellulose ester and 
ortho-tricresyl-phosphate. 

2. A mixture of viscose (cellulose 
xanthogenate) and the products ob- 
tained from Chinese wood oil and 
aromatic amins in presence of a con- 
densing agent. An artificial leather is 
prepared by the use of alternate layers 
of these two mixtures. 


64 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 
Alcohol 
Acetone 

1. 
Celluloid (powdered)... 10 parts wt. 


60 parts wt. 


cot eee rere w eee 


eooceoereeeer eee ee ee 


Orthotricresy] phosphate 12 parts wt. 


Chinese wood oil....... 100 parts 
forthe, tohudiieccs aoe 200 parts 

2. 
Zine chloride 05.2.6. 11 parts 
Soda-Turkey-red-oil ... 550 parts wt. 
Soda solution (50° Be’). 60 parts wt. 


Water ..... Epes 800 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Glacial acetic 
acid, acetyl cellulose, formyl cellulose, 
caoutchou, gutta percha, drying oils, 
coloring matter, castor oil, glycerin, 
sugar, soaps. 
See also Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912; Fr. 
Pat. 456,261; Aust. Pat. 61,055. 


Wawiziniok, O. C. E, P. 
Applied—July 20, 1909 
U.S.P.—1,141,224 
Issued—June 1, 1915 

A mixture of pyroxylin and an oil 

(castor oil) is applied to a fabric and 
made to adhere by being sprayed with 
a solvent (acetone). 

Optional Constituents:—Paint, celluloid, 
ether-alcohol. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 
US.P.—1,143,979 
Issued—June 22, 1915 
A mixture of ethyl acetate and 
methyl alcohol is a solvent for acetyl 
cellulose. 
Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose (ace- 


tone soluble)....... 100 parts wt. 
Parethyl - toluol - sul- 
phonamid: 27ic.e,. 10-20 parts wt. 


Triphenyl phosphate. 20-30 parts wt. 
Ethyl 

acetate 70 pts. vol. 
Methyl 

alcohol 30 pts. vol. 


Adler, Jacob 
Applied—Sept. 17, 1913 
US.P.—1,147,066 
Issued—July 20, 1915 


60-70 parts wt. 


30 parts wt. 


A pyroxylin solution in which is in- 
corporated a white pigment. This 
composition is used for coating 
wooden articles which have previously 
been treated with a shellac filler. 

Optional Constituents:—Zine 
lithopone. 


white, 


Sparre, F. 
U.S.P.—1,148,258 
Issued—July 27, 1915 
A nitrocellulose solvent obtained by 
acetylating a mixture of chlorinated — 
derivatives of pentane, hexane and 
their isomers. 


Miyazaki, K. 
US.P.—1,148,851 
Issued—Aug. 3, 1915 
A lacquer for tin plate which con- 
tains a small amount of shellac. 


Koontz, Edwin J. 
Applied—Jan. 20, 1915 
U.S.P.—1,148,908 
Issued—Aug. 3, 1915 
A cement or lacquer consisting of 
pyroxylin scrap, gum camphor and 
amyl acetate. 


Goldsmith, B. B. 


Applied—Aug. 3, 1912 
U.S.P.—1,152,625 
Issued—Sept. 7, 1915 
A composition of matter containing 
an ester of cellulose mixed with a 
vegetable oil modified by treatment 
with nitric acid sufficiently dilute to 
oxidize the same without nitration. 
Optional Constitwents:—Nitrie acid 
treated soy bean, cotton seed, olive, _ 
linseed, sperm, corn, or castor oil. 
Amy] acetate, benzine, benzol. 


Rovira, J. & Ahrle, H. 
Applied—Jan. 8, 1915 
Assigned—Rovira, J. 
US.P—1,153,574 
Issued—Sept. 14, 1915 
A composition of matter consisting 
of a celluloid solution (in amyl acetate 
and acetone), benzine and para-gum. 
Type Formula: 


Benzine . ..ssess was eee 100 parts 
Para-~gum \.. <dne epee 3-6 parts 
Celluloid dissolved in amyl 

acetate and acetone..... 10 parts 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 65 


Bronnert, E. 
U.S.P.—1,153,596 
Issued—Sept. 14, 1915 
A composition of matter consisting 
of cellulose formate, amyl acetate (or 
methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol) and 
camphor. 


Hibbert, Harold 

Applied—Dec. 5, 1914 
Assigned—Gulf Refining Co. 
US.P.—1,158,217 
Issued—Oct. 26, 1915 

The alcohols obtained by the cata- 
lytic reduction of “acetone oils” are 
good solvents for pyroxylin, which is 
also the case for their acetylation 
products. 


Beatty, W. A. 
Applied—April 30, 1912 
Assigned—George W. Beadle 
U.S.P.—1,158,960 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1915 
A composition comprising cellulose 
acetate and a condensate of acetone 
or its homologues with phenol or its 
homologues, for instance  dioxy- 
diphenyl-dimethyl-methane. 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, chloro- 
form, 
See also Eng. Pat. 
Aust. Pat. 63,966. 


18,499—1913 ; 


Beatty, Wallace A. 
Applied—April 30, 1912 
Assigned—George Beadle 
U.S.P.—1,158,961 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1915 
A plastic composition comprising a 
cellulose ester, a condensation product 
. of acetone or its homologues with 
phenol or its homologues, and a suit- 
able solvent. 
Type Formula: 


Nitro cellulose ......... 80 parts wt. 
Dioxy - diphenyl - di- 
methyl-methane ..... 20 parts wt. 


Amy] acetate 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone. 


Matheson, Howard W. 
Applied—Nov. 4, 1913 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
Power Co. 


U.S.P.—1,161,063 
Issued—Nov. 23, 1915 

A plastic composition comprising a 
cellulose ester (nitro cellulose) an ester 
formed from an aromatic carboxylic 
acid and a phenol or its derivatives, 
and a suitable solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Nitro cellulose ........... 75 parts 
Phenyl benzoate .......... 25 parts 
Ethyl] alcohol 
Acetone } Be ant antes ace 100 parts 
Benzol 

Optional Constituents: — Camphor, 


chloro benzoic acids, hydroxy benzoic 
acids, toluic acids, chloro-toluic acids. 


Hyde, J. C. H. 

US.P—1,165,179 
Issued—Dec. 21, 1916 

Cotton or other cord is treated with 
an adhesive waterproofing mixture 
formed of acetyl cellulose, dichlorhy- 
drin, methanol, castor oil or other non- 
drying fatty oil solutions in alcohol, 
amyl acetate and magnesium car- 
bonate. The products are suitable for 
fish line or nets. 


Schmidt, O., Eichler, T. & Allemann, O. 
Applied—June 5, 1913 
Assigned—Badische Anilin & Soda 

Fabrik 
US.P.—1,166,790 
Issued—Jan. 4, 1916 

A dip lacquer comprising nitro- 
cellulose, a hydrocarbon and a mono- 
cyclic ketone possessing more than 
four and less than seven carbon atoms 


in the ring. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose ............. 2 parts 
Cyclo-hexanone ........... 50 parts 
ENSTOMNN a Soka ina Soe ee vie 50 parts 


Optional Constituents: —Dammar, copal, 
pine resin, linseed oil, cyclo-pentanone, 
methyl cyclohexanone, benzene. 

See also Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912, 
French Pat. 459,006, D.R.P. 263,404, 
Swiss Pat. 64,710. 


Bonner, Wm. T. 
Applied—May 6, 1911 
Assigned—'4 to K. P. McElroy & Roy 
F. Steward 


66 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


US.P.—1,173,337 
Issued—Feb. 29, 1916 
The reaction product of formalde- 

hyde and phenol (or their homo- 

logues), with the cellulose esters of 

organic acids yield plastic masses. 
Optional Constituents:—Cellulose for- 

mate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose 
. benzoate, cellulose stearate, cresols, 

naphthols, casein, soda, hydrochloric 

acid. 


Clement, L. & Riviere, C. 
Applied—Nov. 3, 1913 
Assigned—Actien Gesellschaft f. Ani- 

lin Fabrikation 
US.P.—1,173,931 
Issued—Feb. 29, 1916 

Acetylene tetrachloride with amyl 
alcohol is a solvent for acetyl, or nitro 
acetyl cellulose. 

Type Formula: 

Acetylene tetrachloride. 90 parts wt. 

Aryl aleohol:<., cavedsin 10 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil. 
See also French Pat. 461,058. 


Meyer, Felix 
Applied—Aug. 21, 1908 
Assigned—A. Eichengrun 
US.P.—1,175,791 
Issued—March 14, 1916 

A plastic mass is obtained by sub- 
jecting acetyl cellulose to the joint 
action of a solvent such as chloroform 
and a non-solvent such as_ ethyl 
alcohol. 

Optional Constituents:—Acetone, acetic 
ether, water, benzine, benzol, petro- 
leum, oil of turpentine. 

See also Eng. Pat. 19,735—1908. 

See also French Pat. 393,963. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Oct, 2, 1911 
US.P.—1,181,858 
Issued—May 2, 1916 

A plastic mass is obtained by dis- 

solving a cellulose ester (preferable 
acetate) in a mixture of alcohol and 
a chlorinated hydrocarbon. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 80 kg. 
Tetrachlorethane .......... 40 kg. 
Algohol. siy'cus sos ecko bee 40 liters 


Optional Constituents:—Pentachlor eth- 
ane, dichlorethylene, trichlorethylene, 
castor oil, Bismarck brown, methylene 
blue, Victoria blue, methyl acetanilid. 

See also French Pat. 432,047. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Oct. 2, 1911 
U.S.P.—1,181,859 
Issued—May 2, 1916 

A plastic mass is obtained by dis- 

solving a cellulose ester of a fatty acid 
in a solvent including alcohol, chlor- 
ine derivative of fatty hydrocarbons 
and an etherified phenol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 200 parts 
Alcohol. i: . i. cekee eee 200 parts 
Dichlorethane ............ 200 parts 
Phenetol 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl ethers 
of alpha or beta naphthol, ethyl ethers 
of alpha or beta naphthol, veratrol, 
pyrocatechol diethyl ether, benzyl 
methyl ether, safrol, isosafrol, diphenyl 
ether, ethylene chloride, methyl chlor- 


ide, ethylidene chloride, methylal, 
tetrachlorethane, chloroform, manol, 
anisol, 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Nov. 12, 1914 
U.S.P.—1,181,860 
Issued—May 2, 1916 

Lacquers and plastic masses are ob- 

tained by a composition of a cellulose 
ester, aromatic side chain alcohols or 
their derivatives, and oils. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate...... 200 parts 
Acetoné «. vias ease ees 800-1600 parts 
Benzyl-alcohol ....... 50- 100 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Diphenyl car- 
binol, chlorbenzhydrols, ethoxy benzyl 
alcohol, methoxy benzyl alcohol, 
phenoxy benzyl alcohol, triphenyl- 
phosphate, manol, filling substances, 
coloring substances,  trichlorethane, 
camphor oil, cellulose propionate, ethyl 
chloride, methylene chloride, ethy- 
lidene chloride, methyl alcohol, alcohol, 
chloroform, tetra-chlorethane, anisol, 
trichlorethylene, methyl acetanilid, 
phenones, methyl acetate. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 67 


Eichengrun, Arthur 
Applied—Aug. 1, 1910 
US.P.—1,185,074 
Issued—May 30, 1916 
A plastic mass consisting of cellu- 
‘lose acetate, filling material (such as 
zine white), and a softening admixture. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ............. 1000 g 
Acetyl methyl anilid ........ 300 g 
FUGUE PPEROGRTEIS Glee so dalcs sss 300 g 
PICOUC Pie ait inne eh bee 1000 g 
PRE Sei sele spice sy aces 1000 g. 
Optional Constituents:—Mineral pow- 
ders, metal powders, vegetable 


powders, graphite, lampblack. 
See also Eng. Pat. 18,189—1910, Fr. 
Pat. 418,744—1910. 


Lehmann, Feodor & Stocker, J. 
Applied—April 13, 1914 
US.P—1,185,514 
Issued—May 30, 1916 

A lacquer consisting of a solution 
(in acetone, etc.) of a cellulose deriva- 
tive, a polymerization product of 
cumarone or indene (in benzol, etc.). 

Type Formula: 


Cumarone resins .......... 10 gms 
PET scat Co hc BMA see oe 50 gms 
Collodion cotton ......-... 30 gms 
(A POLONE OM, is sass sh ss 5 gms 
LALO Se by eae rn 100 gms. 
POH gas v4 sks ths * sass 100 gms. 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, tetra 
chlorethane, methyl alcohol. 
See also French Pat. 471,104, German 
Pat. 281,265. 


Beatty, W. Appleton 
Applied—April 16, 1915 
US.P.—1,188,356 
Issued—June 20, 1916 

A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- 

lose ester, a condensation product of 
acetone and phenol or their homo- 
logues and a solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Nitro cellulose ......... 80 parts wt 
Dioxy diphenyl dimethyl 
ae 20 parts wt 


-Amyl acetate 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, cam- 
phor, acetanilid, triphenyl phosphate, 
alkyl derivatives of benzene sulpho- 
amides. 


Hewitt, Peter C. 
Applied—July 23, 1910 
Assigned—Cooper Hewitt Electric Co. 
US.P.—1,188,655 
Issued—June 27, 1916 

A varnish for transforming light that 

passes through it, consisting of cellu- 
lose acetate, a dye (rhodamin) and a 
medium adapted to create the desired 
structure. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ..... 70% 
CU ycerin tyne GO 10% 
Acetic acid’ 3.04 ov... 20% 
Acetone—to make a.. 12% soln. 
Rhodantine ©. oars: .05—.005 % 


Optional Constituents:—Alcohol. 


Hewitt, Peter C. 

Applied—July 23, 1910 
Assigned—Cooper Hewitt Electric Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,775 
Issued—June 27, 1916 

See U.S.P. 1,188,776—specifications 
of the two patents are identical. This 
claims process of making the compo- 
sition claimed in 1,188,776. ; 


Hewitt, Peter C. 

Applied—July 23, 1910 
Assigned—Cooper Hewitt Electric Co. 
US.P.—1,188,776 
Issued—June 27, 1916 

A light transforming composition 
consisting of specially prepared cellu- 
lose acetate (cellet), glycerin, acetic 
acid, rhodamin and technical acetone. 


(Calley sec. see ee 70% 
Sl eer in ose e eos oeedas 10% 
Avene pcid. ek 20% 
Acetone to make a..... 12% soln. 
Terie ASUS ve 2 arc ales os small amount 


Hewitt, Cooper 
Filed—Oct. 20, 1913 
Assigned to Cooper Hewitt Electric 
Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,777 
Issued—June 27, 1916 
A light transforming composition 
consisting of cellulose acetate, a 
fluorescent dyestuff (rhodamin) and 
volatile solvents. 


68 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate.. 70% wt. 
Glycerin i’. 2e.0 88 os 10% wt. } sew 
Acetic:acid ..%.%..; 20% wt 
Acetone (technical) ........... 12% 
Rhodamin 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,797 
Issued—June 27, 1916 

A plastic mass consisting of acetyl 

cellulose (of the variety soluble in 
acetone), water, methyl alcohol, ben- 
zol, triphenyl phosphate and parethyl- 
toluolsulfonamid. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts 
(Gelatinized by water- 

methyl alcohol-benzol 

mixture) 
Triphenylphosphate ..... 25 parts 


Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 20-30 parts 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,798 
Issued—June 27, 1916 


A plastic mass consisting of acetyl 


cellulose (soluble in acetone), chloro- 
form, a mono hydric alcohol with not 
more than two carbon atoms, and an 
aryl sulphonamid. 

Chloroform in admixture’ with 
methyl or ethyl alcohol is recom- 
mended as a solvent for cellulose 
acetate. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose tri acetate 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 30-40 parts 
Chloroform 100 parts 
Methyl] alcohol 20 parts 

Optional Constitwents:—Ethyl acetani- 
lid, tetra chlor ethyl acetanilid, methyl 
acetanilid, camphor, ethyl alcohol. 


eeecee 


eoveeevreeeeees 


eeerrneeeoe 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,799 
Issued—June 27, 1916 
A solvent for acetone soluble cellu- 
lose acetate composed of methyl 


acetate diluted with 30-40 parts of 
methyl alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ...... 100 parts wt. 
Parethyltoluolsulfon- 
amid (jie. eee 10-20 parts wt. 
Methyl acetate— 
70 parts 
Methyl aleohol— 60-70 Dales 
30 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenylphos- 
phate. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 24, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,188,800 
Issued—June 27, 1916 

A solvent for acetone-soluble cellu- 

lose acetate, composed of trichlor- 
ethylene and methyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose......... 10 parts wt. 
Pareethyltoluolsulphon- 
amid )iieeeee et eeeee 20 parts wt. 
Triphenyl phosphate.... 20 parts wt. 
Trichlorethylene 
50-62 parts vol. 100 ‘parts wt. 


Methy!] alcohol 
50-32 parts vol. 


Lehmann, F. & Stocker, J. 
Applied—March 16, 1914 
USP.—1,191,801 
Issued—July 18, 1916 

Celluloid-like materials are prepared 
by treating cellulose esters with res- 
inous cumarone and indene derivatives. 
Said substances are indifferent to air 
and light and act as plasticizers. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ............. 700 gms 
Cumarone resin ..........> 200 gms 
Sulphuric’ ether. 7227. ees 100 gms 
Benzol \....c0ne . 5 eee 100 gms. 
Alcohol 7. ieee gee 100 gms. 


Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, tetrachlorethane, indene deriva- 
tives of tar oils, 

See also French Pat. 469,925. 


Mork, H. S. & Esselen, G. J. 
Applied—April 29, 1916 
Assigned—Chemical Products Co. 
US.P.—1,193,178 
Issued—Aug. 1, 1916 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 69 


A composition of matter containing 
a cellulose compound, triphenyl phos- 
phate and phenyl salicylate. The 
latter two compounds act as plasticiz- 
ing agents and render the compound 
non-inflammable. The two com- 
pounds, although solids, when fused 
together, remain liquid. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate 
Phenyl salicylate a ea eis 15 part 


Lederer, L. 
Applied—May 2, 1907 
U.S.P—1,195,040 
Issued—Aug. 15, 1916 

Products resembling celluloid are 
prepared by treating a cellulose ester 
with a chloral compound in a suitable 
solvent. Such compounds are cheaper 
and amply able to replace camphor as 
plasticizing agents. 
Type Formula: 


INI SORGI UlOSEHG es Jodie Leis ses:- 5 parts 
CIMOLAIDVOEALE «0b. eels ass 2 parts 
Alcohol 

Ether 


Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, chloral alcoholate, acetone, acetic 
ether, acetylene tetrachloride, cam- 
phor, cellulose esters. 

See also Aust. Pat. 34,908. 

-See also French Pat. 377,010, Eng. 
Pat. 9537—1907. 


Arnold, Charles E. 
Applied—Feb., 3, 1915 
Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,195,431 
Issued Aug. 22, 1916 
A pyroxylin composition suitable 
for coating surfaces is prepared by 
agitating celluloid scraps with a sol- 
vent mixture until a jelly-like mass is 
formed and then adding castor oil and 
pigment. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid scraps ........... 150 parts 
Prey) BICONOLS. 5. b.. 6.05. 5 75 parts 
Ss ae 75 parts 
Ethyl acetate ........ tt WO Marte 
ONO tra gis ca «a 300 parts 
OTS 2 ae ee 40 parts 


Gruter, Reinhold 


Applied—Nov. 15, 1913 
U.S.P.—1,195,673 
Issued—Aug. 22, 1916 

A lactic acid ester is recommended 
as a solvent for cellulose esters. It 
may be used in connection with other 
solvents if desired. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate.... 10 parts wt. 


Ethyl lactate....... 50 parts by vol. 
Benzene ey ee sew 30 parts by vol. 
Optional Constituents: — Trichlorethy- 


lene, alcohol, chloroform, acetone, ben- 
zine, toluene, benzene, xylene, copal, 
sandarac, colophony, shellac, camphor, 
camphor substitutes. 


Pickering, O. W. 


Applied—Aug. 31, 1912 
US.P.—1,196,144 
Issued—Aug. 29, 1916 

A composition of matter comprising 
ultramarine, nitrocellulose, an adhesive 
agent, and solvents for transmitting 
and altering light waves. 


Amyl acetate ....... 40% 
Aleohols Aare ws 40% 
Benzine ..... 5. pean: 20% 
Gum mastic ........ 57% 
Nitrocellulose ...... 5 ozs. per gal. 
Ultramarine < tGann 1% 

Optional Constituents: — Thorium, 


barium, uranium, radium, tungsten, 
vanadium, calcium, strontium, lan- 
thanium, cerium, zirconium associated 
or combined with sulfur, sulfur and 
silicon, or oxygen. 


Lindsay, W. G. 


Applied—May 238, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,199,395 
Issued—Sept. 26, 1916 

A plastic compound is obtained by 
dissolving acetyl cellulose in a water- 
benzol-methanol mixture and_ then 
adding parethyltoluolsulfonamid to 
render the composition plastic and 
triphenyl phosphate to render it non- 
inflammable. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose.......... 100 parts 
Bensoloae sxe eee 54-61 parts 
Methyl alcohol (93-96.5%) 46-39 parts 


70 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Lindsay, W. G. 

Applied—May 5, 1909 
Assigned—Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,199,798 
Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 

A product containing a cellulose 
ester and diphenylamin together with 
a solvent or solvents for same, The 
diphenylamin increases the strength 
and tenacity and decreases the inflam- 
mability of films formed from such a 


composition. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose ........- 100 parts 
Diphenyiamin=v.) 3526s 10-20 parts 
Acetone 
Urea eee 14%% 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenylphos- 
phate, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alco- 
hol, acetylene tetrachloride, pigments. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Jan. 29, 1914 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,199,799 
Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 
A composition of matter containing 
acetyl cellulose and a liquid mono- 
hydroxy aliphatic alcohol having more 
than two carbon atoms for imparting 
permanent toughness and flexibility. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts 
Ethyl chloride 

Alcohol 

Gariphor 10) F hte vane ote 10-40 parts 
Pusels oil’ oo. vor eee 5-30 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, paratoluolsulfonamid, propyl 
alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol. 

See also Can. Pat. 175,107. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

Applied—Dec. 12, 1914 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,199,800 
Issued—Oct. 3, 1916 

A composition of matter which con- 
sists of a solution of an acetone soluble 
acetyl cellulose, a high boiling liquid, 
and a solid substance, in a compound 
solvent consisting of a chlorinated 
hydrocarbon and an alcohol. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ester ............ 100 parts 
Chlorinated hydrocarbon 

Alcohol 

Ethyl sabacate ........... 15 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 12% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 
fusel oil, chloroform, dichlorethylene, 
ethylene chloride, methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, camphor, borneol, salol, 
diphenylamin, diacetanilid, chlorhydrin 
derivatives, amyl butyrate, amyl 
salicylate, oil of aniseed, benzyl alco- 
hol, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, 
benzyl ether, bornyl acetate, oil of 
camphor (heavy), carvene, oil of cedar — 
leaves, oil of cedarwood, acetodichlor- 
hydrin, oil of eucalyptol, methyl 
salicylate, nitrobenzol, pentachlor- 
ethane, phenyl-ether, benzyl salicylate, 
safrol, oil of sassafras, terpineol, amyl 
benzoate, amyl formate, oil of anise, 
anisic aldehyde, anisol, benzyl buty- 
rate, benzyl formate, oil of camphor 
(light), carvol, cinnamylic alcohol, oil 
of citronella, oil of cloves, oil of 
eucalyptus, eugenol, ethyl cinnimate, 
oil of fennel, geraniol formate, geramyl 
acetate, oil of hedeoma, iso-eugenol, 
iso-safrol, oil of juniper berries, oil of 
mace, methyl cinnimate, methyl an- 
thranilate, methylene acetate, methyl 
nitrogenzoate, methyl oleate, ethyl 
oleate, methyl phenyl acetate, methyl 
benzoate, ethyl benzoate, oil of nut- 
meg, olenthic ether, oil of pennyroyal, 
oil of peppermint, phenyl ethyl alco- 
hol, oil of pine needles, oil of rosemary, 
oil of rue, oil of sage, oil of spike, oil 
of spruce, terpinyl acetate, oil of 
thyme, benzoic ether, oil of cinnamon. 


Schmidt, Otto 
Applied—Oct. 21, 1914 
Assigned—Badische Anilin & Soda 

Fabrik ; 
U.S.P.—1,200,886 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1916 

A composition of matter resembling 
celluloid containing a cellulose ester 
and an acyl compound of a completely 
hydrogenized aromatic amine, which 
serves as a plasticizing agent. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS | ae 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 70 parts 
Acetyl-dicyclo-hexylamine.. 30 parts 
Alcohol 
Acetone 


Kthyl-methyl-ketone 

Optional Constituents :—Acetyl-dicyclo- 
hexylamine, para-toluene-sulfo-dicyclo- 
hexylamine, nitrocellulose. 


Egner, Otto 
Applied—Oct. 9, 1915 
US.P.—1,202,495 
Issued—Oct. 24, 1916 

A refinishing solution for varnish 

polished material, consisting of a solu- 
tion of celluloid, alcohol, and benzoin. 
The latter serves to render the ma- 
terial adhesive. 

Type Formula: 


DSTO A ele vaned ies 5 1 oz. 
ORONO is hvac ss cvd4 s+ v'o0 ™%®% Ibs. 
PARSE Bert cots Tos +s 7 Ibs. 
Desist (b) 4 ISS ESOL 2 ae ee a 2 02. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,203,756 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1916 

A mixture of methyl alcohol and 

ethyl acetate is recommended as a sol- 
vent for acetone soluble acetyl cellu- 
lose. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 10-20 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ..... 20-30 parts 
Methyl] alcohol .......... 21 parts 
TEtDVA ACOLALE 2. anes ees 49 parts 


Snelling, W. O. 
U.S.P.—1,204,709 
Issued—Nov. 14, 1917 
A nitrocellulose lacquer is used for 
coating finely divided metal, such as 
iron or aluminium. 


Trivelli, A. P. H. 
Applied—Aug. 3, 1916 
U.S.P.—1,205,822 
Issued—Nov. 21, 1916 
A lacquer for repairing scratches, 
etc., in a cinematograph film, consist- 
ing of a cellulose ester, drying oil, a 


salt of a resin acid, and solvents for 
same. 
Type Formula: 


Methyl sisoholiesae. cacy 25-35 parts 
btivyigalcohol wire. cers. « 67-57 parts 
Biyromy lites fewer 6 3 ite «vate 2— 3 parts 
Drviri ecole one citin« siccats 5- 4 parts 
Salts of resin acid ....... 1- 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, methyl 
valerianate, cellulose acetate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Nov. 27, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,216,581 
TIssued—Feb. 20, 1917 
Acetyl cellulose plastic masses are 
prepared by dissolving acetyl cellulose 
in a melted chlorinated alkyl acet- 
anilid, and then adding ethyl alcohol 
_ in the presence of which the acetanilid 
is a non-solvent for the cellulose com- 
pound at room temperatures. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ......... 100 parts 
Tetrachlorethylacetanilid . B5 parts 
Hthyitaleoholt spice... css 40-50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Trichlormethyl 


acetanilid. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Applied—Oct. 20, 1913. 
US.P.—1,217,027 
Issued—Feb. 20, 1917 

Cellulose ethyl ether or other ether 

of cellulose is dissolved in alcohol or 
benzene, or in a mixture of solvents, 
e.g. alcohol and benzene or toluene, or 
alcohol and ether and the solution 
after filtering is made into films, 

Optional Constituents:—Cellulose  ni- 
trate, cellulose acetate, cellulose for- 
mate, cellulose xanthate, rubber, 
gutta-percha, metallic resinates, metal- 
lic oleates, waxes, paraffin, fats, 
glycerol, methanol, glacial acetic acid, 
formic acid, pyridine, chinoline, pinco- 
line, dichlorhydrin, epichlorhydrin, 
nitrobenzene, ethyl acetate, ethyl 
phthalate, ethyl sebacate, ethyl citrate, 
ethyl succinate, ethyl tartrate, amyl 
acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, 
ethyl levulinate, acetylene pentachlor- 
ide, acetylene tetrachloride, acetylene 
trichloride, acetylene dichloride, 


72 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ben- 
zene, toluene, xylene, phenol, nitro- 
phenols, o-cresol, naphthalene, tolui- 
dine, aniline, formanilide, acetanilid, 
turpentine oil, castor oil, linseed oil, 
chinese wool oil, olive oil, vaseline, 
paraffin oil, camphor, petroleum 
naphtha, vaseline oil, stearin, beeswax, 
Japan wax, lanolin, methyl nitrate, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, acetone. 


Lilienfeld, Leon 
Filed—Dec. 11, 1912 
U.S.P.—1,217,123 
Issued—Feb. 20, 1917 
A pyroxylin composition containing 
a phenol ester as the softener is used 
in the manufacture of artificial leather. 
Type Formula: 


Aleohol #3, Bove se ta ees 60 parts wt. 
Acetone: 37 his Ran gee 30 parts wt. 
Powdered celluloid ..... 10 parts wt. 
Q-tricresylphosphate ... 10 parts wt. 
Optional Constituents: 
Camphor Pigments 
Acetyl cellulose Coloring matter 
Caoutchouc Castor oil 
Formyl cellulose Glycerine 
Gutta percha Sugar 
Drying oils Soaps 
Ground Glacial acetic acid 
leather Creosote phosphate 
Powdered Creosote carbonate 
cork jer Creosote oleate 
Asbestos Chinese wood oil 
Precipi- Ortho toluidin 
tated Zine chloride 
chalk Turkey red oil 
China 
clay 


See also Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. 
See also French Pat. 456,261. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,226,339 
Issued—May 15, 1917 

A solvent for acetyl cellulose com- 

posed of a mixture of benzol, methyl 
alcohol, and water. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 


100 parts 
Benzol 


54-61 parts 


eeeereeeee 


eeorvreereveevee * ceoeeveve 


Methyl alcohol (93-96%) 46-39 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid. 30-50 parts 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,226,340 
Issued—May 15, 1917 

A solvent for acetyl cellulose com- 

posed of equal proportions of epichlor- 
hydrin and a monohydric alcohol 
having not more than two carbon 
atoms. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 20-50 parts 


eeoeveeoeve 


Triphenyl phosphate.... 10-30 parts 
Epichlorhydrin ......... » 35 parts 
Methyl alcohol.......... 35 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,226,341 
Issued—May 15, 1917 

A plastic mass is produced by dis- 

solving acetyl cellulose in a benzol- 
water-methanol solvent mixture, with 
the admixture of parzethyltoluolsul- 
fonamid. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose........ 100 parts 
Benzol |... scx 9 ssbeeeeeee 54 61 parts 
Methyl] alcohol 

(93-96.5%) v6 «<item 46-— 39 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Alkylated aro- 
matic sulfonamid. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,226,342 
Issued—May 15, 1917 

A plastic compound may be ob- 

tained by dissolving acetyl cellulose 
in a solvent mixture composed of 
methyl acetate and methyl alcohol. 
Other substances may be added to the 
composition, if desired. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 10-20 parts 
Methyl acetate 49 parts 
Methyl alcohol 21 parts 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 73 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,226,343 
Issued—May 15, 1917 
Epichlorhydrin mixed with methyl 
or ethyl alcohol is used as a solvent 
for acetyl cellulose. To make a lac- 
quer or plastic, a plasticizer and other 
solvents may be added, if desired. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Paratoluolsulfonamid ... 20-50 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate.... 10-30 parts 
Epichlorhydrin ......... 35 parts 
Methyl alcohol......... 35 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,229,485 
Issued—June 12, 1917 

A plastic composition is made by 

mixing acetyl cellulose with chloro- 
form and a monohydric alcohol having 
not more than two carbon atoms. 
Other compounds such as plasticizers 
may be added, if desired. 

Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 30-40 parts 
OS EOLOLION SE fe cpaie-c 54,0. 5.0 © 100 parts 
Ethyl alcohol 10-20 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetani- 
lid, tetrachlorethylacetanilid, methyl 
acetanilid, camphor, methyl alcohol. 

See also U.S.P.—1,229,487 


eeeeeeeeeve 


Lindsay, W. G. 

Applied—May 24, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P—1,229,486 
Issued—June 12, 1917 

The addition of trichlorethylene to 
a solution of acetyl cellulose in methyl 
alcohol and a “solid solvent” such as 
parethyltoluolsulfonamid increases the 
toughness, plasticity and flexibility 
of plastic compounds. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 20 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ... 20 parts 
Trichlorethylene ....... 50-62 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 50-32 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetani- 
lid, tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, methyl 
acetanilin, camphor. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 23, 1912 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,229,487 
Issued—June 12, 1917 
A composition of matter containing 
as an acetyl cellulose solvent chloro- 
form in admixture with methyl or 
ethyl alcohol. 
Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulfonamid 3040 parts 
WHIOFOIOLHR so 2. aaa os os 100 parts 
Methyl alcohol 20 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetani- 
lid, tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, methyl 
acetanilid, camphor, ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate. 
See also U.S.P. 1,229,485. 


eeeeeeee 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—May 11, 1916 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P —1,233,374 
Issued—July 17, 1917 
Hydrous pyroxylin is mixed with a 
liquid solvent which is itself substan- 
tially insoluble in water. The water 
is then extracted from the compound. 
Optional Constituents:—Benzyl ben- 
zoate, tricresylphosphate, castor oil, 
triphenyl phosphate and camphor, 
camphor and fusel oil. 


Masland, Walter E. 
Applied—June 19, 1914 
Assigned—E. I. DuPont de Nemours 
Powder Co. 
US.P.—1,234,921 
Issued—July 31, 1917 
A pyroxylin compound containing 
aldol and a vegetable oil to render the 
composition tougher and more ad- 
Hesive. 


74 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


PVlORV IN s0s sa cartes 20 parts 
WIGO? 65 FT ae ee eee 18 parts 
SeatOr’ Oil caer Pee emcee 52 parts 
PUPS Sree shee een ee 10 parts 
SGI | Goes Vapies ea en 180 parts 
Aisohol Vis eee ee 90 parts 
Ethyl ‘acetate Gs pk ceeeie 30 parts 


See also Eng. Pat. 22,622—1912. 
Swiss Pat. 63,137. 


Stoddard, Wm. O. 
Applied—Sept. 1, 1916 
Assigned—'% to Frederic E. Kip 
US.P.—1,242,491 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1917 
A composition of matter consisting 
of pyroxylin, amyl acetate and blown 
castor oil, used as an adhesive in 
uniting two textile fabrics. 
Type Formula: 
PYPORVliN.\iN (SOUR. ey 6 saleue 
Castor oil: (blown) 0 s00.s05 2-3 Ibs. 
Optional Constituents: —Blown rape-seed 
oil. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Oct. 2, 1911 
US.P.—1,242,783 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1917 
A solvent for acetone soluble cellu- 
lose acetate composed of alcohol and 
trichlorethylene, together with another 
chlorinated hydrocarbon, if desired. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 80 kg. 
ALCODOL «sini Zs6 sina eee 40 liters 
Trichlorethylene ........... 40 liters 


Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, 
methyl acetanilid, coloring matter, 
filling material, triphenylphosphate. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Nov. 6, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,244,107 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1917 

A composition of matter comprising 

acetone-soluble acetyl cellulose, an 
aryl sulphonamid, a monohydrie alco- 
hol with not more than two carbon 
atoms and a liquid adapted to give a 
flowable solution,—such as chloroform. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Parethyltoluolsulpho- 

namid’ \). sass eee 20 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ... 20 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 40-60 parts 
Chloroform 


Optional Constituents:—Toluol sulph- 
onamid, benzene sulphonamid, ethyl 


—acetanilid, methyl acetanilid, ethyl 
alcohol, chloroform, epichlorhydrin, 
acetodichlorhydrin, dichlorethylene, 


ethylene chloride, trichlorhydrin, pen- 
tachlorethane, acetochlorhydrin, acety- 
lene tetrachloride, ethyl chloracetate, 
acetone, ethyl acetate, di-acetochlor- 
hydrin, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, naphthalene, camphor, 
tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, trichlor- 
methyl acetanilid. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Nov. 6, 1911 
US.P.—1,244,108 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1917 
A composition of matter comprising 
acetone-soluble acetyl cellulose, an 
alkyl aryl acetamid, a monohydric al- 
cohol with not more than two carbon 
atoms and a liquid adapted to give a 
flowable solution—such as chloroform. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ...... ; 100 parts 
Methyl] acetanilid ..... 20- 50 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 40-100 parts 
Chloroform (avian 2- 10 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
epichlorhydrin, acetodichlorhydrin, 
dichlorethylene, ethylene chloride, 


trichlorhydrin, pentachlorethane, ace- 
tochlorhydrin, acetylene tetrachloride, 
ethyl chloracetate, acetone, ethyl ace- 
tate, diacetochlorhydrin, toluolsulph- 
onamid, benzenesulphonamid, pare- 
thyltoluolsulphonamid, methyl acetan- 
ilid, triphenylphosphate, tricresylphos- 
phate, naphthalene, camphor, tetra- 


chlorethyl acetanilid, trichlormethyl 
acetanilid, ethyl acetanilid, methyl 
acetanilid. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Nov. 6, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. of N. Y. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


U.S.P.—1,244,347 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1917 

A composition of matter comprising 
acetone—soluble acetyl cellulose, and 
aryl sulphonamid and a monohydric 
alcohol with not more than two car- 
bon atoms. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose........ 100 parts 
Parzethyltoluolsulph- 

OSG 20 parts 
Triphenylphosphate 20 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 40- 60 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
tricresy] phosphate, naphthalene, cam- 
phor, tetrachlorethylacetanilid,  tri- 
chlormethylacetanilid, toluol sulph- 
onamid, parethyltoluolsulphonamid, 
benzene sulphonamid, ethyl acetanilid, 
methyl acetanilid, chloroform, epi- 
chlorhydrin, acetodichlorhydrin,  di- 
chlorethylene, ethylene chloride, tri- 
chlorhydrin, pentachlorethane, aceto- 
chlorhydrin, acetylene tetrachloride, 
ethyl chloracetate, acetone, ethyl ace- 
tate, di-acetochlorhydrin. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Nov. 6, 1911 
US.P—1,244,348 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1917 

A composition of matter comprising 
acetone—soluble acetyl cellulose, and 
alkyl-aryl-acetamid, and a monohydric 
alcohol with not more than two car- 
bon atoms. 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts 
Methyl acetanilid ..... 20— 50 parts 
Methyl] alcohol ........ 40-100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
tricresyl phosphate, naphthalene, 
camphor, tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, 


_trichlormethyl acetanilid, toluol sulph- 
onamid, paraethyl toluol sulphonamid, 
benzene sulphonamid, ethyl acetanilid, 
methyl acetanilid, chloroform, epi- 
chlorhydrin, acetodichlorhydrin,  di- 
-chlorethylene, ethylene chloride, tri- 
chlorhydrin, pentachlorethane, aceto- 
chlorhydrin, acetylene tetrachloride, 
ethyl chloracetate, acetone, ethyl ace- 
tate, diaceto chlorhydrin. 


75 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 


T 


O 


L 


Applied—Nov. 6, 1911 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,244,349 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1917 

A composition of matter comprising 
acetone—soluble acetyl cellulose, an 
aryl sulphonamid, a monohydric alco- 
hol with not more than two carbon 
atoms and a liquid adapted to give a 
flowable solution, such as chloroform. 


ype Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose ....... 100 parts 
Paraethyltoluol sulph- 

OrmMidesey ew ee eS 20 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate .. 20 parts 
Methyl alcohol ....... 40— 60 parts 


Chloroform. 

ptional Constitwents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
tricresyl phosphate, naphthalene, cam- 
phor, tetrachlorethyl acetanilid, tri- 
chlormethyl acetanilid, toluol sulph- 
onamid, benzene sulphonamid, ethyl 
acetanilid, methyl acetanilid, epichlor- 
hydrin, acetodichlorhydrin,  dichlor- 
ethylene, ethylene chloride, trichlor- 
hydrin, pentachhorethane, acetochlor- 
hydrin, acetylene tetrachloride, ethyl 
chloracetate, acetone, ethyl acetate, 
diaceto chlorhydrin. 


indsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Sept. 10, 1912 
Assigned—To the Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,245,476 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1917 

A composition of matter comprising 
acetyl cellulose, a solvent such as ace- 
tone, a non-inflammable substance 
such as triphenylphosphate, and a sub- 
stance such as chloroform. 


Optional Constituents:—Diphenylamine, 


A 


trichlorphenol, tricresylphosphate, phe- 
nolsalicylate, ethyl acetate, acetylene 
tetrachloride, diacetic ether, benzoic 
ether, aceto-dichlorhydrin, urea. 


rnold, C. E. 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1914 
U.S.P.—1,247,610 
Issued—Nov. 27, 1917 

The process of producing a coating 
fabric, which comprises applying to a 
fabric a coating of a cementing com- 
position, and then by means of pres- 
sure applying a coating to a nitrocellu- 


76 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


lose plastic before the first coat has 
been allowed to dry. 


Hasburg, J. W. 

US.P.—1,249,390 
Issued—Dec. 11, 1918 

A lacquer to be applied on cellulose, 
consisting of pyroxylin, a pigment such 
as an oxide, sulfide, or chromate and 
water, benzine or other volatile liquid 
which is not a solvent for pyroxylin, 
and after liquid has been allowed to 
evaporate from the deposited paint, 
the latter is treated with an alcoholic 
ether mixture or other volatile liquid 
which is a solvent for pyroxylin. 


Vient, Benjamin A. 
Applied—Jan. 3, 1916 
U.S.P.—1,251,710 
Issued—an.- 1, 1918 
A lacquer is obtained by dissolving 
celluloid in methyl alcohol and adding 
gum camphor, ether and amy] acetate. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid: tie dbe 8 pete ee %4 lbs 
Wood alcohol (95%)........ 3 qts. 
Ether (40%) 

Wood alcohol wore | genes 1) qt. 
Amyl acetate (20%) 


Lovell, S. P. 
Applied—June 27, 1917 
U.S.P.—1,256,240 
Issued—Feb. 12, 1918 

Pyroxylin solutions are used for 

treating fabrics. As a new article of 
manufacture, a fabric whose inter- 
stices are filled with powdered colloi- 
dal material, insoluble in water, and 
precipitated therein. 

Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, 
tone, ether. 


ace- 


Abbott, Wm. G. 

Appled—July 28, 1915 
Assigned—J. Spaulding and Sons. Co. 
U.S.P—1,263,186 
Issued—April 16, 1918 

Pyroxylin solutions are used for wa- 
terproofing fiber sheets from which in- 
soles are made. 
Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, celluloid, resins, thickened oils, 
asphaltum. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Sept. 1, 1916 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,265,217 
Issued—May 7, 1918 

A composition of matter suitable for 

making films, etc., consisting of acetyl 
cellulose, an ordinary solvent thereof 
and a liquid monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol having more than two carbon 
atoms. The use of such solvents as 
propyl, butyl or amyl alcohol imparts 
flexibility, elasticity, toughness, and 
tensile strength to films. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ..... 100 parts wt. 
(dissolved in ethylene 

chloride and alco- 

hol) 
Camphor sig hese 10-40 parts wt. 
Butyl alcohol ....... 5-30 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Propyl alcohol, 
amyl] alcohol, fusel oil, triphenyl phos- 
phate, paratoluolsulphonamid. 


Sparre, Fin 
Applied—Sept. 3, 1914 
Assigned—E, I. Du Pont de Nemours 

Powder Co. 

U.S.P.—1,266,073 
Issued—May 14, 1918 

. A lacquer composed of soluble py- 
roxylin, ethyl alcohol, benzol and amyl 
acetate. 

Type Formula: 


Benzol, 55% 

Ethyl alcohol, 40% } Lees 887% 
Amy] acetate, 5% 

Pyroxylin +24. «is. 12% 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate. 
See also French Pat. 488,994. 


Majorana, Pepping 
Applied—May 15, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,275,063 
Issued—Aug. 6, 1918 

A plastic mass comprising clear col- 

lodion, spirits of camphor, gum cam- 
phor and a suitable vegetable or min- 
eral dye. 

Type Formula: 


Clear collodion <.3.....sneee 80.5% 
Spirits of camphor ........... 6.5% | 
Gum. .camphor.5.sneesueeeee 10.5% 
Dye _..:..\:s sold gi 2.5% 


UNITED STATES PATENTS ae 


Nathan, F . L. & Rintoul, Wm. 
Applied—Feb. 26, 1914 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
U.S.P.—1,280,278 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1918 

The materials listed below act as 
both stabilizers and gelatinizers in 
nitrocellulose solutions used as explo- 
sives. 

Optional Constituents:—Phenyl  ure- 
thane, ethyl phenyl urethane, di- 
phenyl urethane, ortho-tolyl urethane, 
ethyl ortho-tolyl urethane, phenyl 
ester of ethyl phenyl carbamic acid, 
phenyl ester of diethyl carbimic acid. 


Nathan, F. L.; Rintoul, Wm.; Baker, F. 
Applied—Feb. 26, 1914 
Assigned—Nobels Explosives Co., Ltd. 
U.S.P.—1,280,279 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1918 

The materials listed below are 
recommended as stabilizers and gela- 
tinizers in nitrocellulose compounds 
used for explosives. 

Optional Constituents :—Formanilid, 
methyl formanilid, ethyl formanilid, 
phenyl formanilid, ethyl acetanilid, 
phenyl acetanilid, form ortho toluidid, 
phenyl acet o-naphthalid, phenyl-f- 
naphthalid, acet ortho anisidid, acet 
ortho phenetidid. 


Seel, P. C. 
Applied—Feb. 7, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,281,080 
Issued—Oct. 8, 1919 

Composition of matter containing 

ethyl cellulose ether, chlorinated naph- 
thalene derivatives, CHCl; and de- 
natured alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ether.. 50-100 parts 


Chlorinated naphtha- 

lene derivatives..... 10 20 parts 
Cnioroirgrnr  .c.653-... 200-400 parts 
Alcohol (denatured).. 150-250 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Amy] acetate, 
chlorinated anthracene derivatives. 


Hibbert, Harold 
Applied—Oct. 27, 1915 
US.P.—1,283,183 
Issued—Oct. 29, 1918 
The ketones and carbinols obtained 


by the catalytic reduction of the acids 
produced in butyric fermentation are 
good solvents for pyroxylin. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—June 15, 1917 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,292,819 
Issued—Jan. 28, 1919 
A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 
ing pyroxylin and benzyl benzoate, re- 
moving any water present by pressure 
and then adding a volatile solvent. 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate, essential oils, castor oil, tri- 
phenyl phosphate, camphor, fusel oil. 


Levey, H. A. 
Applied—April 10, 1917 
U.S.P.—1,295,533 
Issued—Feb. 25, 1919 

A plastic mass in which China wood 

oil acts as a softening and toughen- 
ing agent. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate (partly 
RV ATALER ro. oh aes. he 85. parts 
Cellulose nitrate .......... 12 parts 


China woodtoilt? ee. s29ee 
Acetic acid and acetone. 


Goldsmith, John N. 
Applied—June 13, 1917 
Assigned—The British Emaillite Co. 
US.P.—1,298,199 
Issued—March 25, 1919 

Acetanilid, or acetanilid and triacetin 

are used as ingredients in (aeroplane) 
lacquers to give a non-inflammable 
product. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 2iw: g 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 18 g 
AGetOne 2 Fy oe. aerate eae 2202 CS 
FL YIRCOUNY cc cee Teter os code 3) ce. 
Acetaniliow< ees, doe eee oe BY te 4 
Optional Constituents:—“Methyl ace- 


tone,” methyl ethyl ketone, benzol. 


Sparre, Fin 
Applied—March 10, 1917 
Assigned—HE. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. , 
U.S.P.—1,301,187 
Issued—April 22, 1919 


78 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Titanium oxide as a pigment in 
pyroxylin lacquers has no detrimental 
effect on latter as is case with zinc 
oxide. 

Type Formula: 


Witroeellulosé! ic. Wi a> vials 100 parts 
Camphors’.6.is setae es fee 35 parts 
Titanium “oxide... Weis 15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, ethyl 
alcohol, benzol, ethyl acetate. 
See also Can. P. 201,913. 


McKechnie, James 
Applied—July 6, 1917 
Assigned—Vickers Limited 
US.P.—1,301,955 
Issued—April 29, 1919 
Cellulose-ester solutions are applied 
to fabrics of gas bags for air craft. 


Nathan, F.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. 
Applied—Feb. 26, 1914 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
US.P.—1,302,202 
Issued—April 29, 1919 

Methyl phenyl urea, ethyl phenyl 
urea and methyl diphenyl urea are 
recommended as gelatinizers for nitro- 
cellulose used as explosives. 


Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, Donald 
Applied—Sept. 24, 1917 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
US.P.—1,303,115 
Issued—May 6, 1919 

Urethanes, or esters of carbiminic 
acid, anilids, substituted ureas, con- 
densation products of glycerol and 
and other polyhydric alcohols with 
aldehydes, and the homologues of 
oxamilic ester are recommended as 
accelerators for the gelatinization of 
nitrocellulose solutions. 

Optional Constitutents:—Acetic esters of 
glycerine, nitrobenzol, dinitrobenzol, 
methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate. 


Kessler, Johannes M. 

Applied—Nov. 14, 1918 

Assigned—E. I. duPont de Nemours 
& Co. 

US.P—1,303,563 

Issued—May 138, 1919 
A lacquer containing acetaldol as 

solvent and softening agent. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate idk. sis. sea 8% 
Acetaldol -.ja¢753 oben Stee eee 10% 
Solvent mixture ..6. 080.568! . 82% 


Optional’ Constituents:—Acetone, ethyl 
acetate, benzol, denatured alcohol, 
methyl acetate, ethyl formate, ethyl 
methyl ketone. 


Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, D. 
Applied—Sept. 24, 1917 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
US.P.—1,306,440 
Issued—June 10, 1919 

An aromatic nitro compound is 
recommended as an accelerant for the 
gelatinization of nitrocellulose in ex- 
plosive compositions, 

Optional Constituents:—Mono, di or tri- 
nitro toluene, mononitro naphthalene, 
di-nitro-benzene, nitro-xylenes. 


Mersereau, Gail 

Applied—Sept. 10, 1913 
Assigned—Chemical Development Co. 
U.S.P.—1,308,803 
Issued—July 8, 1919 

A composition of matter comprising 
a cellulose ester, and a complex liquid 
resulting from adding inorganic acid 
radicals to the mixture of unsaturated 
hydrocarbons contained in oil gas. The 
addition of ethyl alcohol increases the 
solvent action of this oil. 


Clarke, Hans T. 
Applied—April 26, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,309,980 
Issued—July 15, 1919 
A composition of matter comprising 
a cellulose ester and a dialkyl ester of 
oxalic acid in which each of the alkyl 
groups contains from 4 to 5 carbon 
atoms, is used as a softening agent. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ............ ' 10 parts 
Acetone °.:... suites este 30 parts 
Methyl alcohol). :ccesyee 30 parts 
Dibutyl . oxalate: 9.455000 4 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Diamy] oxalate, 
methyl acetate, fusel oil, amyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 
butyrate, urea, castor oil, camphor, 
triphenyl phosphate, dibutyl sulfone, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 79 


Clarke, Hans T. 

Applied—April 26, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P—1,309,981 
Issued—July 15, 1919 

A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose nitrate and a dialkyl ester 
of oxalic acid in which each of the 
alkyl groups contains from 4 to 5 car- 
bon atoms. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 10 parts 
I ee ok Sas nace. 30 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 35 parts 
THUTYL OFGIOIG 255s. canes sce 2 parts 
ee ee Oe ss ay nk be 4 parts 
SBN | bea A a 2 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 


butyrate, urea, camphor, triphenyl 
phosphate, dibutyl sulfone, mono- 
chlornaphthalene. 


Rintoul, Wm. & Cross, D. 
Applied—Dec. 4, 1917 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
U.S.P.—1,310,489 
Issued—July 22, 1919 

A small amount of one of the fol- 
lowing compounds is recommended for 
use as a gelatinizer of nitrocellulose 
for use in explosives: urethanes, or 
esters of carbaminic acid, anilids, sub- 
stituted ureas, condensation products 
of glycerol and other polyhydric alco- 
hols with aldehydes, homologues of 
oxamilic ester, aromatic bodies soluble 
in nitroglycerine, e.g., mono-di-or tri 
nitrotoluene, mono-nitro-naphthalene, 
di-nitro-benzene, nitro-xylene. 


Robinson, E. G, 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U.S.P.—1,310,841 
Issued—July 22, 1919 
A composition containing cellulose 
acetate and a fire-retarding constituent 
adapted to give off a fire-smothering 
gas containing water vapor. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose: acetate: 1 0esi alec. 7% 
Ammonium magnesium phos- 

Pb GUE Ae tome eet sok Ta 7% 
POBLONG ootuare is Sa Sores oh, 56% 
UPPER GL ie re gO ms ats Be 20% 


Optional Constituents:—Resin, shellac, 
copal, ammonium phosphate, ammo- 
nium magnesium arsenate, ammonium 
Manganese phosphate, ammonium 
manganese arsenate, ethyl acetate, 
methyl acetate, methyl acetone, ben- 
zol, toluol, benzine, pigments, oils, zine 
oxide, ivory black, oil of cedar, oil of 
pennyroyal, magnesium carbonate, cal- 
clum carbonate. 


Doerflinger, Wm. F. 
Applied—Dec. 22, 1917 
US.P.—1,315,216 
Issued—Sept. 9, 1919 
A lacquer comprising a film forming 
colloid; a substantially non-volatile, 
low melting point fireproofing agent 
soluble in the solvent, a high melting 
point fireproofing agent, and a volatile 
solvent of the film forming colloid. 
Type Formula: 


RVTORVNH ca Ae Oe a 42 lbs. 
BOratiG-acian is ews cae es 42 lbs 
Triphenyl phosphate ....... 38 lbs 
RIVER Us oes eo ae rk cee ae eS 14 oz. 
Methyl acetone ............ 50 gals 
Wetonege 2. + ete cas hoes 40 gals 
BengOl ero rae teas we ee 10 gals 

Optional Constituents:—Methyl ethyl 
ketone. 

Levey, H. A. 


Applied—April 10, 1917 
US.P.—1,316,311 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1919 

The process of preparing transpar- 
ent plastic compositions from the 
fatty esters of cellulose which con- 
sists in admixing with cellulose ni- 
trate softening and toughening agents 
soluble therein but insoluble in fatty 
esters of cellulose and incorporating 
the resulting mixture into said fatty 
esters of cellulose. 

Type Formula: 


Hydrated cellulose acetate.. 80-90% 
Cellulose nitrate carrying in 
solution castor oil........ 20-10% 


80 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constituents:—Fatty acids, 
glycerides, esters, oils, cellulose ace- 
tates, cellulose formate, Japanese wood 
oil, tung oil, palm oil, nitrobenzol, 
acetic acid, acetone. 


Frothingham, D. D. & Sawyer, R. U. 
Applied—Feb. 18, 1918 
Assigned—Sawyer Products Co. 
US.P.—1,316,783 
Issued—Sept. 23, 1919 

A coated fabric consisting of a fabric 
provided with a single homogeneous 
integral layer coating of substantial 
thickness consisting essentially of cel- 
luloid and castor oil containing soluble 
coloring matter. 

Type Formula: 


Wood-slooholc..se.+ ene 90 oz 
AeetOne A ia. Vase as ees 36 02 
Amy! acetate)... 6206 Jiace 12 oz 
Beran COUlUOI chee nw er 54-60 oz 
COBHtOr Ol gues eae eee eee 72 02 
Soluble or spirit negrocin.. oz 
Dupont, Justin 
Applied—Jan. 18, 1918 
Assigned—Societe Anonyme Des 


Etablissements Justin Dupont 
U.S.P.—1,317,276 
Issued—Sept. 30, 1919 

A plastic composition derived from 
acetate of cellulose to which a mixture 
of alcohols, ortho and paraoxy-benzylic 
has been added. 


— 


Mosser-Schiess, Werner 
Applied—July 9, 1919 
U.S.P.—1,317,721 
Issued—Oct. 7, 1919 
A plastic mass containing yeast, 
esters of the polyvalent acids with 


polyvalent alcohols and _ cellulose 
esters. 
Type Formula: 
Glycerine ester of phtha- 
Lie: cei ee Sun 2S eas 50 gms 
Dry:tyeaat.. .0i4 , eee 10- 40 gms 
Acetylated cellulose .... 100 gms. 


Optional Constituents:—Glycerine esters 
of naphthalic acid, glycerine esters of 
the camphene series, acetylated sugar, 
acetylated starch, resins, kieselguhr, 
mica, soap. 


Lindsay, Wm. Godson 
Applied—May 5, 1909 
US.P.—1,319,229 
Issued—Oct. 21, 1919 

The process of making a composi- 
tion of matter which consists in com- 
bining acetyl cellulose and phenyl 
salicylate by the use of a solvent mix- 
ture composed of two or more sol- 
vents at least one of which is com- 
mon to both compounds. 

Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, dichlorhydrin, diphenylamin, 
trichlorphenol, tricresyl phosphate, 
chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, 
acetylene tetrachloride, diacetic ether, 
benzoic ether, aceto-dichlorhydrin, 
urea, pigments. 


Sutherland, D. M. 
Applied—Aug. 2, 1918 
US.P.—1,320,290 
Issued—Oct. 28, 1919 

A cellulosic varnish comprising bo- 

rated benzol as an essential ingredient 
thereof. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose’ .......00.% 12 parts 
Acetone or other equivalent 

solvent (2). %eccke ee ee 36 parts 
Benzol (preferably 90%)... 24 parts 
Borated: benzol—Boric acid 

10%, Benzol ‘90% 7. 2.eas 25 parts 
Benzyl sleohol sees 3 parts 


Doerflinger, W. F. 
Applied—Dec. 6, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,320,458 
Issued—Nov. 4, 1919 

A composition of matter comprising 

pyroxylin, diacetone alcohol, a non- 
drying oil, and a blending agent to 
prevent the oil from separating out 
from the film upon the evaporation of 
the solvents. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin: ‘s2023shs.s See 40 lbs 
Castor ‘oil ..2(2 i. en 40 lbs. 
Methyl ethyl ketone....... 28 gals 
Diacetone alcohol ........; 5 gals 
N. butyl alcohol’. ..viisetee « 25 gals 
Benzol .. ..4:...06 Meee ae 42 gals. 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, 
methyl acetone, blown rape seed oil, 
butyl acetate, pigments, resins. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 81 


Flaherty, Edmund M. 
Applied—March 16, 1918 
Assigned—E,. I, DuPont de Nemours 
and Co. 
US.P.—1,321,611 
Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 


A solvent mixture comprising ethy] . 


acetate, butyl alcohol and a diluent. 
Type Formula: 


Butyleloonel 50... . 15% 
Ethyl acetate ........ 50% 
Benzene. 2 ios. 2. 35% 
Nitrocellulose ........ 8 oz. per gal. 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
amyl acetate, butyl acetate, camphor. 
See also Can. P. 196,151. 
F. P. 133,972. 


Hitt, Maurice V. 
Applied—Dec. 10, 1917 
Assigned—E, I. duPont de Nemours 
and Co. 
US.P.—1,321,633 
Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 
A process which comprises forming 
a body of pyroxylin by dissolving 
pyroxylin in a mixture of ethyl ace- 
tate, a lower member of the benzene 
series and a saturated alcohol whose 
rate of evaporation is somewhat simi- 
lar to that of the other constituents. 
Type Formula: 


TONY) acetate <0... ss ease 41 parts 
bal VU Se 50 parts 
Pipl sicohol eee. oS 9 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl alco- 


hol, toluol, oils, pigments, gums, resins. 
See Can. P. 196,925. 
Can. P. 196,926. 


Bic) MeV. 
Applied—Dec. 10, 1917 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
US.P.—1,321,634 
Issued—Nov. 11, 1919 
A pyroxylin solvent comprising a 
mixture of ethyl acetate, benzol and a 
saturated alcohol whose rate of evapo- 
ration is somewhat similar to that of 
the other constituents. 
Type Formula: 


PUVITACELALE Cece. ss ek 41 parts 
VEN) a So a 50 parts 
Benyl gloohol 0)... es. 6.5: 9 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
oils, pigments, resins, gums. 
See Can. P. 196,925. 
Can. P. 196,926. 


Flaherty, Edmund M. 
Applied—March 5, 1918 
Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
US.P.—1,323,624 
Issued—Dec. 2, 1919 
A composition comprising a mix- 
ture of butyl acetate, xylol and an 
acyclic alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Butyl acetate..... 41 parts 
VIO eet ssueeacacrd 50 parts 
Butyl alcohol.... 9 parts 
Nitrocellulose ..... 2 lbs. per 7 lbs. of 
solvent 
Optional Constituents:—Gums,  pig- 


ments, oils, resins, solvents, toluol, 
ethyl alcohol. 


Schwarcman, A. 
Applied—March 29, 1919 
US-P<-1,393,792 
Issued—Dec. 2, 1920 

A composition consisting of pyroxy- 

lin, methanol, acetone and carbon 
tetrachloride is chlorinated by passing 
in chloride. Zine or tin chloride act 
as catalysts. With this and camphor 
a composition resistant to fire is ob- 
tained. Bromine may be used instead 
of chlorine. 

Optional Constituents:—Camphor, amyl 
acetate, benzene, benzine, turpentine. 


Howlett, Clarence W. 
Applied—May 25, 1918 
Assigned—E.. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co, 
U.S.P.—1,324,154 
Issued—Dec. 9, 1919 
A coated fabric comprising a sheet 
of fabric having a base containing 
rubber and a surface coating contain- 
ing nitrocellulose. 
Type Formula: 


Ruphers 7. ees a eee eee 4.8 parts 
Bengal eo or etaee eres 40.0 parts 
Ethyl acetate, ool eer es 27.9 parts 
Castor oilts. ges veniee ees 15.6 parts 


82 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula—Continued: 
Drop black (coloring mate- 
rial) 
Nitrocellulose 


3.9 parts 
7.8 parts 


eecereeeereeeoeee eevee 


Dreyfus, H. 

Applied—February 15, 1918. 
U.S.P.—1,325,931 
Issued—Dec. 23, 1920 

A composition of matter consisting 
of cellulose acetate, a plastisizing agent 
such as triacetin and the common sol- 
vents. Uninflammable. 

See also Eng. Pat. 114,304—1917. 


Emhardt, John C. 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,329,386 
Issued—Feb. 3, 1920 
A composition comprising a homo- 
geneous mixture containing a com- 
bustible coating material and a fire re- 
tarding constituent adapted to give off 
a fire smothering gas in sufficient quan- 
tity to act effectively as a fire retarder. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylinis:cocentice coe neem 57% 
Ammonium magnesium phos- 

HALO. oF sao eee vac toads 5% 
RORIR as pececce a tee eee 5% 
Acetone... ssavatarcoomerepeeee 55% 
Amy! scetate sci ose cuseey eek 30% 


Optional Constituents:—Shellac, copal, 
ammonium phosphate, ammonium 
magnesium arsenate, ammonium man- 
ganese arsenate, pigment, zinc oxide, 
castor oil, ammonium manganese 
phosphate. 


Babis, H. A. 
Applied—April 10, 1919 
US.P.—1,330,421 
Issued—Feb. 10, 1920 
A metal lacquer composed of Cana- 


dian pitch, celluloid, Japan and 
acetone. 

Type Formula: 
Canadian. piteliniy su5 secon 30 lbs 
ASCtONG 1655 eb Sens eh ee 60 lbs. 
Celluloid solution ........... 7 lbs 
JaDOtL i545 tees ses ee 3 lbs. 


Optional Constituents:—Burgundy pitch, 
alcohol, ether, coloring matter, rosin. 


Malcom, R. 
Applied—July 19, 1916 
US.P.—1,332,349 
Issued—March 2, 1920 
A lacquer formed of celluloid and a 
dye dissolved in alcohol and ether. 


Nathan, L.; Rintoul, Wm. & Baker, F. 
Applied—Feb, 26, 1914 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
US.P.—1,338,691 
Issued—May 4, 1920 

As gelatinizers and stabilizers for 
explosives containing nitrocellulose, 
para-nitro-methyl-acetanilid and ethyl 
p-naphthyl-ether. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl phthalate, 
amyl phthalate, mono-, di- or tri-ace- 
tin, phenyl-benzyl ether, para-nitro- 
methyl acetanilid, phenanthrene. 

See also Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 470,041. 


Dow, H. H. 

Applied—Dec. 1, 1919 

Assigned—The Dow Chem. Co. 

US.P.—1,339,552 

Issued—May 11, 1920 

A solvent for cellulose esters con- 

sisting of ethylene dibromide and 
~ propyl alcohol. 
Type Formula: . 
55 parts 


Propyl alcohol ....... re 
Ethylene dibromide ....... 45 parts 
Benzyl acetate .......000- . 5 parts 


Cellulose ester 
Optional Constituents: —Ethylene chlor- 
bromide. 


Tyrer, Thomas 
Applied—March 28, 1919 
US.P.—1,339,728 
Issued—May 11, 1920 

Cyclohexanone or other cycloketone 

is used in preparation of lacquer 
(dopes). : 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 200 lbs 
Solvents -«.vsiwe see bee . 100 lbs 
Cyclohexanone ......-.... «i: Seegal. 


Optional Constituents: —Cyclopentanone, 
alkyl substance of cycloketones, amyl 
substance of cycloketones, camphor 
substitutes. 

See also Eng. Pat. 130,402. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 83 


Flaherty, Edmund M, 
Applied—Sept. 11, 1918 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
US.P.—1,341,710 
Issued—June 1, 1920 
A solvent mixture comprising alkyl 
acetate and n-butyl alcohol, oils, pig- 
ments, gums, resins, etc., may be added 
to the pyroxylin mixture. Butyl alco- 
hol recommended as an_ excellent 
“Blush” preventative and flow pro- 
ducer. 
Type Formula: 


N. Butyl acetate.... 15% by wt. 
Amyl acetate ...... 50% 

ONAN oe aes 35% 
Nitrocellulose ..... 8 oz. to 1 gal. of 


above solvent 

Optional Constituents:—Alkyl acetate, 

ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, N. 
butyl acetate, acetone oils. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—Feb. 7, 1918 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,342,601 : 
Issued—June 8, 1920 
A composition of matter comprising a 
cellulose ester (preferably acetate), a 
chlorine substituted product of a 
carbopolycyclic compound (naphtha- 
lene) and a solvent common to both. 


Type Formula: 
PCOLOME (iced as esac neues? 90 parts 
Cellulose acetate ....... 20-30 parts 
Alpha monochlor naph- 
PURE NGE Fe clasp te sccss 4— 7 parts 
vy AG) ss) 4— 7 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Chlorinated an- 
thracenes, fusel oil, tetrachlornaphtha- 
lenes, amyl acetate, methyl alcohol, 
camphor. 


Seel, Paul C. 

Applied—Feb. 7, 1918 
Assigned—The Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,342,602 
Issued—June 8, 1920 

A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose nitrate, a chlor-derivative of 
a cyclic hydrocarbon, preferably non- 
inflammable and a solvent common to 
both, 


Type Formula: 


Methyl alcohol ........ 35-45 parts 
Acetone scenes sa kd. 20-30 parts 
Cellulose nitrate ........ 20-30 parts 
Chlorinated naphthalene 2- 3 parts 
Dato phot 4. ees eit 2— 3 parts 
Biby ealeo holies ones ag ee 2- 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, chlo- 
rinated anthracenes. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—April 26, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,342,603 
Issued—June 8, 1920 
A plastic mass comprising cellulose 
acetate, ethyl propionate and acetone. 
Type Formula: 


PL CELONG 3 22h LS vite ee Bas 360 parts 
Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Ethyl propionate ......... 135 parts 
Pusel ou eo Siac 20 parts 


Jarvis, John G. 
Applied—March 13, 1919 
US.P—1,343,135 
Issued—June 8, 1920 

A plastic mass consisting of cellulose 

acetate (or nitrate), naphthalene and 
acetone, 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 75 parts 
Napnthalendé. cs octets vinen cen 25 parts 
AGELON GI iors cn ose es Gat 60 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Acetic ether, 


pigments. 


Doerflinger, Wm. F. 

Applied—Feb. 6, 1919 

US.P.—1,345,354 

Issued—July 6, 1920 

A cellulose ester lacquer comprising 

a cellulose ester dissolved in a volatile 
‘ solvent and suspended stannic oxide. 
Type Formula: 


Tinsgoxideiss tienes ees 24 lbs. 
Acetone: = selena Uae 2 gals 
A Diacetone alcohol......... 2 gals 
Benzoleuseecak eee, 1% gals 
IN prOsiNiees sie Shaan ones 4%, 02 
Cellulose acetate ......... 24 lbs 
Acetone rieds iene 24% gals. 
B Diacetone alcohol......... 5 gals. 
Bensalic ena eee 12% gals. 


Mix equal portions of A and B. 


84 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Rintoul, Wm. & Nolan, Thos. 
Applied—May 19, 1919 
Assigned—Nobel’s Explosive Co. 
US.P.—1,348,741 
Issued—Aug. 3, 1920 

Urethanes containing two substi- 
tuted aromatic groups attached to the 
nitrogen atom are used as stabilizers 
in the manufacture of explosives. 


Jarvis, J. G. 
Applied—March 13, 1919 
US.P.—1,349,156 
Issued—Aug. 10, 1920 

A composition of matter consisting 

of acetyl cellulose and acetone cincho- 
nine or its salts. 

Type Formula: 


Acety] cellulose .........%:. 100 parts 
Acetone cinchonine ....... 2 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone _ sul- 


phate of cinchonine. 


Flaherty, E. M. 
Applied—Dec. 5, 1918 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
and Co, 
U.S.P.—1,350,274 
Issued—Aug. 17, 1920 
A composition (for photograph 
films) comprising nitro cellulose, butyl 
alcohol, butyl acetate, camphor and 
methyl alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Methyl alcohol ....... 50.6 parts wt. 
Butyl ‘aleohol ties os 10. parts wt. 
Butyl acetate ........ 20.8 parts wt. 
Camphnor oS in Baa 2 parts wt. 


Nitro cellulose 


Jarvis, J. G. 

Applied—June 23, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,351,652 
Issued—Aug. 31, 1920 

A mixture of nitrocellulose and cel- 
lulose acetate is united by a mutual 
solvent when in a soft state upon a 
carrier, Afterwards upon the soft sur- 
face is spread a fluid mixture made of 
cellulose acetate and napthalene in 
suitable proportions, together with 
equal parts of acetone and acetic 
ether and to which a solution of ace- 
tone and collodion is added. Chloral 
hydrate is added to reduce inflamma- 
bility. 


16.6 parts wt. 


eeee* ee 


French, A. F. 
Applied—Dec. 16, 1918 
US.P.—1,352,741 
Issued—Sept. 14, 1920 

A composition for filling cracks, 

scratches, etc., consisting of celluloid, 
alcohol, ether, shellac and gum or 
resin. 

Type Formula: 


Celluloid 3.22455 0s. ene ae 8 oz. 
Alcohol’ ys occa oso tee 20 oz 
Shellac’: .se2.i¢50% 0. wet eee 4 oz. 
Ether | i. 250s sess 40 2 OZ. 
Rosin ..-2¢300¢050 02 eee 2 oz. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—April 15, 1919 
U.S.P —1,353,384 
Issued—Sept. 21, 1920 
A composition containing cellulose 
acetate and a high-boiling mixture of 
isomeric xylene low carbon alkyl sul- 
phonamides to reduce inflammability. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 100 kg 
Xylene monomethyl  sul- 
phonamide «...esveeweneen 25 kg. 
Tricresyl phosphate......... 12 kg. 
Optional Constituents:—Mixtures of 
- isomeric xylenedimethyl  sulphon- 


amides, mixtures of isomeric xylen- 
edimethyl monoethyl sulphonamides, 
triphenyl phosphate, mono-di and tri- 
methyl urea, mono-di, and triethyl 
urea. 

See also Eng. Pat. 132,283. 


Dreyfus, H. 

Applied—April 15, 1919 
US.P.—1,353,385 
Issued—Sept. 21, 1920 

A composition of matter containing 
cellulose acetate and a high boiling 
mixture comprising ortho- and para- 
toluene low carbon alkyl sulphon- 
amids. 

Optional Constituents:—Ortho toluene 
monoethylsulphonamid, para toluene 
monoethylsulphonamid, para toluene 
monomethlsulphonamid, ortho  to- 
luene monomethylsulphonamid, ace- 
tone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 
alcohol, mono-, di-, tri-methyl urea, 
mono-, di-, tri-ethyl urea. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 85 


Jarvis, J. G. 

Applied—March 13, 1919 
US.P.—1,354,401 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1920 

A low inflammable composition of 
matter consisting of cellulose acetate 
and nitrate, naphthalene, acetic ether, 
acetone, chloral hydrate (or anhydrous 
chloral) and cinchonine or cinchonin 
sulphate. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Applied—Jan,. 2, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,354,725 
Issued—Oct. 5, 1920 
A composition of matter contain- 
ing cellulose nitrate, a waxy higher 
chlorine derivative of the cyclic hydro- 
carbons CmHn,s (for instance naph- 
thalene) and a non-inflammable com- 
pound such as tri-phenyl phosphate. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate ......... 100 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 475 parts 
Re OB ean bs oos<.0's ie 40 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 30 parts 
Trichlornaphthalene ...... 5 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Tetrachlornaph- 
thalene, butyl alcohol, acetone. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—Jan. 2, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,354,726 
Issued—Oct. 5, 1920 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, a 
waxy higher chlorine derivative of the 
cyclic hydrocarbons CmHn; and their 
homologues and a non-inflammable 
compound for preventing separation of 
said chlorine derivative. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate .......... 30 parts 
Cellulose acetate ......... 70 parts 
0 ls a 475 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 30 parts 
PR PRSSE ON Lod Costa's sin co oo Dial ois 12 parts 
Tetra chlor naphthalene... 5 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Trichlor naph- 
thalenes, tri and tetra chlor anthra- 
cenes, butyl alcohols. 


Arosio, M. 
Applied—June 23, 1919 
US.P.—1,355,586 
Issued—Oct. 12, 1920 
A film of celluloid like acetyl cellu- 
lose composition is applied to vulcan- 
ized fiber in order to waterproof it. 


Flaherty, Edmund 
Applied—Sept. 11, 1918 
Assigned—E. I. DuPont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U.S.P.—1,356,440 
Issued—Oct. 19, 1920 
A solvent comprising a mixture of 
normal butyl acetate and a _hydro- 
carbon to give a non-hygroscopic sol- 
vent. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose: =< sei uses cP 28 parts 
Normal butyl acetate ...... 41 parts 
Benzene? ake see 50 parts 
Normal butyl alcohol ...... 9 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Benzine, oil, 


pigments, resins, gums. 
See also Can. Pat. 196,150. 


Miles, George W. 
Applied—June 30, 1919 
Assigned—American Cellulose 
Chem. Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—1,357,335 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 
A composition consisting of cellu- 
lose acetate, a volatile solvent and the 
aggregate of fatty acids extracted from 
cocoanut oil. 


and 


Eichengrun, Arthur 

Applied—April 11, 1910 
Assigned—The American Cellone Co. 
U.S.P.—1,357,447 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 

A composition consisting of acetyl 
cellulose, acetone, guaiacol, glycerin, 
alcohol and benzol. 


Clarke, H. T. 

Applied—March 17, 1919 
US.P.—1,357,614 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1921 

A plastic composition consisting of a 
sulfone (such as n-butyl sulfone), 
chloroform-alcohol mixture or benzene- 
alcohol. 


86 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constituents:—Di-isobutyl sul- 
fone, dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, 
n-dipropyl sulfone, di iso propyl sul- 
fone, di-iso amyl sulfone, methyl ethyl 
sulfone, diheptyl sulfone, ethyl iso 
amyl sulfone, diphenyl sulfone. 


Kessler, J. M. 
Applied—Dec. 6, 1919 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U.S.P.—1,357,876 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1920 
A plastic composition consisting of 
nitrocellulose, a softener comprising an 
ester of an acyloxy derivative of a 
monobasic aliphatic acid having more 
than three carbon atoms, and a solvent. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose (dry) ..... 10 parts 
Ethyl acetylricinoleates... 10-15 parts 
Ethyl acetate s.dews ese 40 parts 
DENZENG sisi cos ke eeee ey 60 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Alkyl esters of 
mono-di or triacetyl-oxystearic acid, 
glyceryl esters of mono-, di-, or tri- 
acetyl oxy stearic acid. 


Reese, C. E. 

Applied—Dec. 8, 1916 
U.S.P.—1,358,653 
Issued—Nov. 9, 1921 

Dicyanodiamide (0.1-2.0%) is used 
as a stabilizing agent for pyroxylin 
with or without camphor and various 
other solvents. 


Alexander, W. & Clegg, John 
Applied—Sept. 25, 1917 
US.P.—1,358,914 
Issued—Nov. 16, 1920 

* A composition comprising a cellu- 
lose ester, a boron compound (such as 
boric acid) and a solvent such as 
acetone. 

Type Formula: 


Boric acid (sat. soln. in 
methylacetone) ........... 605 oz 

Methylacetone ..... 105 oz. 

Amyl acetate ...... 115 on 245 oz. 

Celluloid "55 i a, 25 oz. 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl methyl 
acetone. 


Kessler, Johannes M. 
Applied—June 19, 1920 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
US.P.—1,360,759 
Issued—Nov. 30, 1920 
Acetin, free of monoacetin and with 
little diacetin is a non-hygroscopic 
softening agent for cellulose esters, 
preferably the nitrate. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin: .ass sence 100 parts 
Denatured alcohol ........ 60 parts 
Acetin (free of monoace- 

tin) 1.4. y eneeme eee 28 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, urea, 
pigments, colors, wood alcohol, acetone. 
See also Eng. Pat. 165,439. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—July 7, 1919 
US.P.—1,363,763 
Issued—Dec. 28, 1920 

Acetyl acetone and_ ethylidene 

acetone are used as non-volatile sol- 
vents of cellulose acetate. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate.. 100 parts 

Acetyl acetone ... 50-100 parts 

. Acetone .......5. up to 1500 parts 
Triphenyl phos- 

phate “isssessnut 16-17 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, ben- 
zene. 


See also French Pat. 501,700. 


Wood, S. H. 
Applied—May 16, 1919 
U.S.P.—1,364,342 
Issued—Jan. 4, 1921 
An incombustible material suitable 
for manufacture of motion picture 
films, formed of pyroxylin, naphtha- 
lene, ferric chloride, and gelatin. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin 1.4 asset eee 10 parts 
Naphthalene -«. 43.0091 1 part 
Ferric chloride i7....94270eee 3 parts 
Gelatin ..). 2273 5 parts 


Ellis, Carleton 
Applied—Jan. 8, 1918 
Assigned—Seth B. Hunt 
US.P.—1,365,049 
Issued—Jan. 11, 1921 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 87 


A solvent for cellulose esters con- 
sisting of a mixture of mono-acetic 
esters boiling under 110° C. and ob- 
tained from unsaturated hydrocarbon 
mixtures from still gases of petroleum. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
propyl acetate, butyl acetate. 


Barton, L. E. & Gardner, H. A. 
Applied—Feb. 7, 1917 
U.S.P.—1,365,882 
Issued—Jan. 18, 1921 

A white opaque composition adapted 
for the manufacture of molded articles 
or sheets is formed of nitrocellulose, a 
titanium oxide pigment and camphor. 


Groves, Samuel 
Applied—Aug. 2, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,366,256 
Issued—Jan. 18, 1921 

A mixture of waxes is uséd to re- 

tard the evaporation of volatile sol- 
vents from a lacquer composition 
containing cellulose acetate. 

Optional Constituents:—Beeswax, paraf- 
fin wax, acetone, benzol. 


Plummer, O. D. 
Applied—July 8, 1919 
U.S.P.—1,369,467 
Issued—Feb. 22, 1921 

Bright metal surfaces of headlight 
reflectors are coated with a solution 
formed of 4.5 oz. pyroxylin dissolved 
in a gallon of a solvent such as amyl 
acetate. 

Type Formula: 

TORU ONO ns. vce cass oss eres 
Amyl acetate 


4.5 oz. 
1 gal. 


Stockelbach, F. E. | 

Applied—July 23, 1920 

Assigned—The Commonwealth Chem. 
Corp. 

U.S.P.—1,370,853 

Issued—March 8, 1921 
A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- 

lose ester (preferably the nitrate), and 

the phosphoric acid ester of one of the 


homologues of aromatic alcohols, with. 


or without low boiling solvents and 
camphor, 


Type Formula: 


Nitra: celluloses es.S Los oes. 75 parts 
Tribenzyl phosphate ....... 10 parts 
Camplhoties ican oss kanas 15 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Chlor benzyl 


alcohol, hydroxy benzyl alcohol, tolyl 
benzol alcohol, chlor tolyl alcohol, 
acetone, ethyl alcohol, chloroform, 
benzol. 


Clarke, H, T. 
Applied—March 17, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,370,878 
Issued—March 8, 1921 

A plastic mass consisting of a cel- 

lulose nitrate, a simple dialkyl sulfone 
with or without a solvent common to 
both. 

Type Formula: 
Acetone and methy! alco- 


ne fe oe ob re Sad eeu 20-30 parts 
Cellulose nitrate ........ 3— 6 parts 
Dibutyl sulphone ....... 14-10 parts 
DYSer OU ree oe a vee 14— 2 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Diisobutyl sul- 
phone, dimethyl sulphone, diethyl sul- 
phone, normal dipropyl sulphone, diiso 
propyl sulphone, diiso amyl sulphone, 
methyl ethyl sulphone, diheptyl sul- 
phone, ethyl isoamyl sulphone, amyl 
acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl pro- 
pionate, ethyl butyrate. 


Clarke, H. T. 
Applied—March 17, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,370,879 
Issued—March 8, 1921 

A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- 

lose ester, a simple dialkyl sulphone 
with or without a solvent common to 
both. 

Type Formula: 


A COLOE Coat ua Garde clk 15-30 parts 
Cellulose acetate ....... 3- 6 parts 
Dibutyl sulphone ....... 1%)-10 parts 
Huseli ails poy ayy ve 14— 2 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Di isobutyl] sul- 
phone, dimethyl sulphone, diethyl 
sulphone, dipropyl sulphone, di iso 


propyl sulphone, di iso amyl sulphone, 
methyl ethyl sulphone, diheptyl sul- 
phone, ethyl isoamyl sulphone, di- 
phenyl sulphone, methyl acetate, 


88 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


amyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl 


propionate, ethyl butyrate. 


Carlsson, Olof & Thall, Edvin 
Applied—Dec. 4, 1919 
Assigned—Atlas Powder Co. 
US.P.—1,375,208. 

Issued—April 19, 1921 

The viscosity of cellulose ester solu- 
tions is permanently reduced by heat- 
ing them to a temperature between 
60° C. and the temperature of their 
decomposition. 

See E. P. 136,141, F. P. 505,438. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—April 26, 1919 
Assigned—The Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,379,596 
Issued—May 24, 1921 

A composition of matter consisting 

of cellulose nitrate, a monohydroxy 
alcohol having more than two carbon 
atoms, triphenyl phosphate and a com- 
mon volatile solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Methyl alcohol 175-400 parts 


Cellulose nitrate ....... 50 parts 
Bigel Milas ..<<9 cine es 10— 60 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ... 5~- 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, butyl 
alcohol, amyl alcohol. 


Scheele, W. T. 

Applied—Oct. 23, 1920 
US.P.—1,379,699 
Issued—May 31, 1921 

The process of making a cellulose 
acetate solution, which comprises treat- 
ing cellulose with a mixed solution of 
hydrogen peroxide and alkali-metal 
hydroxide, washing free of alkali and 
acetylating. 


Seel, Paul C.; Combs, H. & Kemp, R. 
Applied—May 10, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,380,258 
Issued—May 31, 1921 

A plastic mass is yielded by a com- 
position containing cellulose nitrate, an 
aliphatic alcohol containing 4 or 5 car- 
bon atoms and a volatile solvent. 
Camphor, etc., are not necessary. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate ...... 100 parts ~ 
Butyl aleohoiiy. 45 ease 30- 100 parts 
Methyl alcohol ....... 300-1000 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, fusel 
oil. 


Graves, S. C. 
Applied—Feb. 21, 1921 
U.S.P.—1,382,077 
Issued—June 21, 1921 

A waterproof composition of matter 

consisting of denatured alcohol, pure 
benzol, acetone, soluble cotton and 
corn starch, the latter being added to 
give adhesive properties. 

Type Formula: 


Denatured alcohol ....... 2 oz. 
Pure benzol i, va. eee % oz. 
Acetone US.P¥ige.. eae 5 drams 
Soluble cottén ...2 ee 1% drams 
Corn starch .<.1.7 ee 3 drams 


Optional Constituents :—Oils. 


Goerner, Gustav W. 
Applied—June 9, 1920 
Assigned—Roessler and Hasslacher 
Chem. Co. 
U.S.P.—1,384,188 
Issued—July 12, 1921 
Dichlormethane with or without a 
small amount of alcohol, is recom- 
mended as a solvent for cellulose 
acetate. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl] alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Sept. 1, 1916. 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,386,576 

’ Issued—Aug. 2, 1921 

A composition consisting of acetyl 

cellulose, tricresyl phosphate, dichlor- 
hydrin and a common solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ...... 100 parts wt. 
Tricresyl phosphate .. 10-20 parts wt. 
Dichlorhydrin ....... 10-25 parts wt. 
Acetoneé:,..cane ...+. as desired 
Optional Constituents:—Diphenylamin, 
trichlorphenol, triphenyl phosphate, 


phenol salicylate, chloroform, ethyl 
acetate, acetylene tetrachloride, alco- 
hol, diacetic ether, benzoic ether, 
acetodichlorhydrin, urea. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 89 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Applied—Sept. 1, 1916 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
US.P.—1,388,472 
Issued—Aug. 23, 1921 

A plastic mass consisting of a cellu- 
lose ester, a volatile chlorinated hydro- 
carbon, ethyl or methyl alcohol, a 
relatively high boiling liquid (e.g. fusel 
oil) and a soluble solid substance, e.g. 
camphor. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Chloroform—to produce a 

fluid solution 
Ethyl sebacate ........... 15 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 12% parts 
Optional  Constituents:—Solid  Sub- 
stances: borneol, salol, diphenylamine. 

High Boiling LInquids: amyl buty- 
rate, amyl salicylate, oil of aniseed, 
benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate, benzyl 
benzoate, benzyl ether, benzoic ether, 
bornyl acetate, oil of camphor (heavy), 
carvene oil, oil of cedar leaves, oil of 
cedar wood, oil of cinnamon, aceto 
dichlorhydrin, oil of eucalyptol, methyl 
salicylate, nitro benzol, penta chlor- 
ethane, phenyl ether, benzyl] salicylate, 
safrol, oil of sassafras, terpineol, amyl 
benzoate, amyl formate, oil of anise, 
anisic aldehyde, anisol, benzyl buty- 
rate, benzyl formate, oil of camphor 
(light), carbol, cinnamylic alcohol, oil 
of citronella, oil of cloves, oil of 
eucalyptus, eugenol, iso safrol, juniper 
berries (oil of), ethyl cinnimate, oil 
of fennel, geraniol formate, geranyl 
acetate, oil of hedeoma, iso eugenol, 
oil of mace, methyl cinnimate, methyl 
anthranilate, methylene acetate, methyl 
nitrobenzoate, methyl oleate, ethyl 
oleate, methyl phenyl] acetate, methyl 


benzoate, ethyl benzoate, oil of nut-. 


meg, olenthic ether, oil of pennyroyal, 
oil of peppermint, phenyl ethyl alco- 
hol, oil of pine needles,.oil of rosemary, 
oil of rue, oil of sage, oil of spike, oil 
of spruce, terpinyl acetate, oil of 
thyme, amyl acetate. 


Arent, Arthur 
Applied—Feb. 5, 1919 
US.P.—1,388,825 
Issued—Aug. 23, 1921 


A composition of matter comprising 
a cellulose ester (either nitrate or 
acetate), preferably amyl acetate, and 


antimony trichloride which renders the 
whole fireproof. 


Babis, H. A, 
Applied—June 1, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,392,040 
Issued—Sept. 27, 1921 

A waterproof, rust-preventing com- 

position of matter consisting of pine 
tar as softener, Canadian pitch (dis- 
solved in acetone or wood alcohol) or 
ether, celluloid, plaster of Paris (as 
filler), Japan (for easy drying) and 
coloring matter. 

Type Formula: 


PESOS UR a Re ede enc 1 

Pitch pees see, eaters: oe ie 
ELOSUTE wer sete ke Oe bees 15 lbs 
ItiePen ne eer ye ee 60 lbs, 
Celluloid’ solution’. 7. 7 Ibs. 
Piseter’ ofsParige sy eS 20 Ibs 


BEY Fy se Wm ds lle. Wana ata 3 lbs. 


Keller, B. A. 
Applied—May 28, 1919 
Assigned—% to M. E. Messersmith, 
% to M. E. Stern. 
U.S.P.—1,393,290 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1921 
A composition for coating metallic 
surfaces consisting of a solution of 
celluloid in acetone, ether, etc. 
Type Formula: 


SHCUSG™ ee eee ho eee 1 02. 
Denatured alcohol ........ 2 02. 
PEGE oo tohk hac ine | Cae et ass 22 grams 
As a Rey re ters eee iter TNO 1 oz. 
AGBRURG I cicungauoeee i are 4 o7. 
Coloring \matier 22.5... = optional 


Emhardt, J. C. 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1918 
U.S.P.—1,393,355 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1922 
A pyroxylin lacquer is used as coat- 
ing for fabrics, such as airplane sur- 
faces. 


Donohue, John M. 
Applied—Jan. 10, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,394,505 
Issued—Oct. 18, 1921 


90 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


A viscous composition of matter con- 
sisting of a cellulose ether dissolved 
in a mixture of chloroform and ethyl 
alcohol. 

Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lenes, tricresyl phosphate. 


Miles, G. W. 

Applied—Nov. 14, 1919 
US.P.—1,394,752 
Issued—Oct. 25, 1922 

To render cellulose acetate receptive 
to uniform distribution of glycerol in 
small quantities throughout the acetate 
the latter is heated to about 120-150° 
with large quantities of glycerol and is 
then washed with water to remove 
glycerol. 


Gault, Henry 
Applied—March 1, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,394,890 
Issued—Oct. 25, 1921 

A composition for coating airplane 

surfaces, consisting of cellulose acetate, 
phenol, and ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ‘acetate.....5..i<isic eas 21% 
Phenol 54: cok sa de chk ee 10% 
Ethyl mleohol: Vooj5cc. ccna eee 69% 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, methyl 
acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl 
ether, acetone oil, methyl acetone, 
benzene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl ben- 
zoate, benzyl acetate, furfural, eugenol, 
triphenyl phosphate, phenol, cresol, 
urea. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Aug. 29, 1919 
US.P.—1,395,401 
Issued—Nov. 1, 1921 
The cyclo hexanones are used as 
solvents for cellulose acetate. 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl-cyclo- 
hexanone, methyl] alcohol, ethyl alco- 
hol, acetone, methyl] acetate. 


Clarke, Hans, T. 
Applied—Feb. 16, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,395,905 
Issued—Nov. 1, 1921 
A composition consisting of a cellu- 


lose ether (preferably ethyl) and the 
salicylic acid ester of a monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol having 2 or 5 carbon 
atoms. 
Type Formula: 
Ethyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Benzol and ethyl alcohol 300-800 parts 
Butyl salicylate ........ 1-100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Amy] salicylate, 
isobutyl salicylate. 


Langfeldt, Einar 

Applied—Aug. 20, 1921 
U.S.P.—1,397,103 
Issued—Noy. 15, 1921 

An anti-rust and anti-fouling paint 
comprising a cellulose ester (eg. 
acetate), a bituminous tarry substance 
(e.g. pitch), a substance to give an 


unctuous surface and a solvent. For 
use on ships’ hulls. 
Type Formula: 
Coal tari 45655 130 lbs 
Cellulose acetate ........... 15 Ibs. 
Acetone )o. ssiestt sa Se 285 lbs. 
Naphthalene*.....3 -,9a0 eee 40 Ibs. 
Optional Constituents:—Tetra chlor- 


ethane, asphaltum. 


Mitchell, Rowland B. 


Applied—Aug. 21, 1920 
Assigned—Athol Manufacturing Co. 
U.S.P.—1,397,173 
Issued—Nov. 15, 1921 

A solvent for pyroxylin consisting 
essentially of ethyl propionate as the 
main solvent, ethyl acetate and toluol 
as the diluent. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl propionate .............. 20% 
Ethyl acetate <...i.0ccseeneenee 10% 
Toluol :.. ic «sss ep od ca ‘50% 
Ethyl aleohol *.... 07 meee eee 20% 


Mitchell, Rowland 
Applied—Aug. 21, 1920 
Assigned—Athol Manufacturing Co. 
US.P.—1,397,493 
Issued—Nov. 15, 1921 

A solvent for pyroxylin containing 

ethyl propionate and toluol. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl propionate <....9s.s00e) 20% 
Ethyl acetate 0). 3.0 ene 10% 
Toluol: :... 4/99 gpepeeeee 50% 
Ethyl] alcohol igen sav Ze 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 91 


Seaton, M. Y. 
Applied—Jan. 16, 1920 
Assigned—The Dow Chemical Co. 
U.S.P.—1,397,986 
Issued—Nov. 22, 1921 

A composition of matter comprising 

a solution of a cellulose ester in 
chlorpropyl acetate. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate ..........+ 4 parts 
Chlorpropyl acetate ........ 25 parts 
BAN ta sc 5% 0 anne 20 parts 
ne Waly 4 gin? s.0-0,0. 0. 6 55 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Gasolene, ace- 
tone, camphor, ethylene chloride, 


propylene dichloride. 


Bacon, G. C. & Wilson, Wm. C. 
Applied—Feb. 7, 1921 
Assigned—Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,397,915 
Issued—Nov. 22,1921 

The solubility of nitro cellulose in 
various liquid media is greatly in- 
creased by the action of ultra violet 
rays. 


Mitchell, R. B. 
Applied—Sept. 22, 1920 
Assigned—Athol Mfg. Co. 
U.S.P.—1,398,239 
Issued—Nov. 29, 1921 

A pyroxylin solvent mixture contain- 

ing acetone, an aliphatic alcohol, a 
lower member of the benzene series of 
hydrocarbons and acetanilid. 

Type Formula: 


NORTON eee eek ee aya 's's so 72 parts by wt. 
PICGEGH va bhitiens 20 parts by wt. 
AGCLONG rues ols 6 parts by wt. 
Acetanilid .......... 2 parts by wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, toluol, 
xylol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 
ethyl propionate, amyl acetate, methyl 
acetone, acetone oil, ethyl butyrate, 
methyl butyrate, propyl alcohol, amyl 
alcohol. 


Clarke, Hans T. 
Applied—Dec. 27, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,398,939 
Issued—Nov. 29, 1921 
A composition of matter comprising 


a cellulose ester, a phenolic ester of 
phthalic acid and a solvent common 
to both. 


Type Formula: 


WitetOne we ait es caes 300 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 300 parts 
Nitrocellulosé oF) 0's shs 100 parts 
Mussel ob aa. es 5 parts 
Diphenyl ortho phthalate... 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
isobutyl alcohol, cellulose acetate, 
phenyl] phthalate. 


Sulzer, Albert F. 
Applied—Jan. 6, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,398,949 
Issued—Nov. 29, 1921 

A composition consisting of cellulose 

acetate, ethyl butyrate and a solvent 
common to both. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate (acetone 


BOMIDIET a, wae Paves eter ss 100 parts 
Fibliyl “Dutvrates 31-2 nee 5-40 parts 
AEELONG oe ees alr tee 


Malone, L. J. 

Applied—April 20, 1921 
US.P.—1,399,357 
Issued—Dec. 6, 1921 

The process of making a colored 
nitrocellulose composition which com- 
prises the steps of dyeing the nitro- 
cellulose fibers and then dissolving said 
dyed fibers in a nitrocellulose solvent. 


Willkie, H. F. 
Applied—April 12, 1920 
Assigned—U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. 
U.S.P—1,400,196 
Issued—Dec. 13, 1921 

A composition consisting of a cellu- 

lose ester and a constant boiling mix- 
ture of solvents. 

Type Formula: 


Fithyl acetate sie sis oc os ee 98 parts 
O5Gm B1CONOlT. sf sek horace 2 parts 
PY POSVUN ta a ae oo eal 8 parts 
Optional Constitwents:—Benzol, amyl 


acetate, amyl alcohol, iso butyl alco- 
hol, isopropyl alcohol, viscose, pig- 
ments. 


Groves, S. E. & Ward, T. W. H. 
Applied—Aug. 2, 1918 


92 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


U.S.P.—1,400,430 
Issued—Dec. 138, 1921 

A cellulose ester dope or varnish 
containing acetone in proportion in- 
sufficient of itself to produce the 
necessary low viscosity, and a hydro- 
scopic chloride sufficient to produce 
the said low viscosity. 

Type Formula: 

Enough of compound to give 1% of 
combined chlorine. 

Optional Constituwents:—Cellulose ni- 
trate, cellulose acetate, zinc chloride, 
calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, 
chloride of tin, gums, oils, solvents. 


Santen, Wm. H. 
Applied—Feb. 24, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,402,969 
Issued—Jan. 10, 1922 
A composition whose main ingredi- 
ents are pyroxylin, a polymerized oil 
(tung oil) and which in addition con- 
tains camphor, rosin and naphthalene. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxvlins 2,73, sae 60 parts wt. 
CAMPION wiacsch weet 15 parts wt. 
FROSIN Scan aece aaian Cee ae 5 parts wt. 
Polymerized tung oil ... 10 parts wt. 
Ethyl. aleohol: 02.4.= 10 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Dye stuffs. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,405,448 
Issued—Feb. 7, 1922 

A composition comprising a cellulose 

ether and ethyl butyrate. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Benzol and ethyl al- 

COHOL we cniithaee eee 300-800 parts 
Ethyl butyrate ........ 1-200 parts 


Seel, Paul C. 

Applied—June 9, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,405,449 
Issued—Feb. 7, 1922 

A solvent for cellulose ether com- 
prising a mixture of benzol and methyl 
acetate. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ..........-. yp lepers 
Methyl acetate .......... 1.66 parts 
Benzol  .,..35.. 58a eee 3.34 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl. phosphate, camphor, 


Carrol, Stewart J. 
Applied—June 9, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,405,487 
Issued—Feb. 7, 1922 
A compound solvent for cellulose 
ethers comprising a mixture of chloro- 
form and methyl] alcohol. 
Type Formula: 
Chloroform 90-25 parts 
Methyl] alcohol ......... 10-75 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor. 


Clarke, Hans T. 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P—1,405,490 
Issued—Feb, 7, 1922 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether and a benzoic acid ester of a 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol having 
4 to 5 carbon atoms, which serves as a 
softening agent, 
Type Formula: 
Ethyl] cellulose ether ... 100 parts 
Benzol and ethyl alcohol 300-800 parts 
Butyl benzoate ........ 1-100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Amyl] benzoate, 
isobutyl benzoate. 


Clarke, H. T. 
Applied—Feb. 25, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,405,491 
Issued—Feb. 7, 1922 

A composition comprising a cellulose 

ether and phenyl phthalate, which 
serves as a plasticizing agent. 

Type Formula: 
Ethyl cellulose 100 parts 
Benzol and ethyl alcohol 300-800 parts 
Phenyl phthalate 1- 50 parts 


Putman, M. E. & Kirst, W. E. 
Applied—Dec. 11, 1918 
Assigned—The Dow Chem. Co. 
U.S.P.—1,406,224 
Issued—Feb. 14, 1922 


eeeeeseeve 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 93 


A composition of matter consisting 
of a solution of cellulose acetate in 
chlorhydrin admixed with an alcoholic 
body and an aromatic hydrocarbon, 
the amount of each of the first two be- 
ing relatively small compared with 
that of the last. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 10 parts 
eenlorisvydrite.: 226... ss 2. 5-25 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 15-45 parts 
A) Bo a or eee 60-25 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Propylene 


chlorhydrin, ethyl alcohol, acetone, 
methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, pig- 
ments. 


Rymer, John A. 

Applied—July 15, 1919 
Assigned—' to Edward V. Tiffany 
Issued—Feb. 14, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,406,498 

A process of treating enameling sur- 
faces which consists in priming the 
surface (for metal: linseed oil, red lead 
and turpentine; for wood: white lead, 
linseed oil, Japan), smoothing it with 
lacquer (celluloid, amyl acetate) and 
dry white lead, treating it one or more 
times with a mixture containing one- 
third celluloid enamel, one-third lac- 
quer and one-third slow drying thinner 
(acetone and castor oil) and rubbing 
after each treatment. 


Scheele, Walter T. 
Applied—Nov. 24, 1920 
Assigned—H. Mortimer Specht 
US.P.—1,408,035 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1922 
_ A solution comprising copal and cel- 
lulose acetate dissolved in a ketone 
having a boiling point between 80° 
and 227° C. 

Optional Constituents:—Methyl ethyl 
ketone, caprone, butyl ketone, butyl 
propyl ketone, ethyl butyl ketone, 
methyl valeral valerone, methyl amyl 
ketone, tetrachlorethane, camphor, 
castor oil. 


Kessler, J. M. 
Applied—Nov. 26, 1919 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 


US.P.—1,408,095 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1922 
A composition consisting essentially 
of a cellulose ester and a softener com- 
prising an alkyl ester of an acyloxy- 
carbocyclic acid. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........ 75 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate .... 9 parts 
Dreaies ca ee ha Ps 0.75 parts 
Methyl acetyl salicylate.. 15.25 parts 


Optional Constituents: — Butyl-acetyl 
salicylate, ethyl-acetyl salicylate, ace- 
tone, methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, phenyl acetylsalicylate, 
alpha naphthyl acetylsalicylate, beta 
naphthyl acetylsalicylate, formyl, pro- 
pionyl, or benzoyl derivatives may be 
used instead of acetyl derivatives. 


Eldred, Byron E. 
Applied—Feb. 14, 1918 
Assigned—Chemical Development Co. 
US.P.—1,408,423 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1922 
A composition of matter consisting 
of a solution of a cellulose ester in a 
water soluble olefin chlorhydrin con- 
taining water. 
Type Formula: 
Acetyl cellulose ........... 10 parts 
Propylene chlorhydrin .... 100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethylene chlor- 
hydrin, butylene chlorhydrin, ethyl al- 
cohol, acetone, ethyl acetate. 


Young, James H. 
Applied—April 16, 1920 
Assigned—H. H. Robertson Co. 
U.S.P.—1,410,790 
Issued—March 28, 1922 

A paint having a cellulose base, a 

solvent therefor, a light color, and a 
diluent which is present in excess of 
the said solvent and is substantially a 
non-solvent for asphalts or like hydro- 
carbonaceous materials. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate .......... 10 parts 
AGetGh tke Akt to. sears 55 parts 
Ribybalcotiolts sci. se 140 parts 
Castor: cei ie fine t lows 5 parts 
Aluminium resinate ....... 10 parts 
Powdered aluminium ...... 10 parts 
Green’ pigment’ .. Gs. =... ..- 5 parts 


94 A SURVEY OF NIFROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constitwents:—Methyl alcohol, 


amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl 
acetate, ketones, alcohol-chloroform, 
carbon tetrachloride, copals, sandarac, 
shellac, zine resinates. 


Phillips, Alexander W. 
Applied—Jan. 3, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,411,669 
Issued—April 4, 1922 
Cellulose ester compositions have 
their viscosity reduced by heating. 


Trivelli, Adraan P. 
Applied—Sept. 29, 1919 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,411,677 
Issued—April 4, 1922 

A composition to be applied to 

photographic films to render them less 
inflammable and tougher. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ethyl ether ....... 4 parts 
Butyl sicoholss, 2.2). 255 seek 20 parts 
BIONSZOL pcos cs eran; cas ee 76 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Amyl alcohol, 
toluol, xylol. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,411,708 
Issued—April 4, 1922 

A composition consisting of an 

alkyl cellulose ether and a mixed sol- 
vent. of monochlorbenzol and a lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Alcohol ... 50-10 parts wt. 

Monochlor ks parts wt. 
benzol .. 50-90 parts wt. 

Cellulose alkyl ether ..... 1 part wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, nor- 
mal butyl alcohol, secondary butyl 
alcohol, iso butyl alcohol, fusel oil, 
amyl alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, 
tricresyl phosphate, camphor. 


Booge, J. E. 
Applied—June 13, 1918 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U.S.P.—1,412,770 
Issued—April 11, 1922 


A composition comprising a nitro- 
cellulose, a blown oil and a non-vola- 
tile solvent imparting flexibility in the 
cold and adapted to prevent cold- 
cracking of the composition when in 
the form of a coating. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose: .....»+ccseeuee 1 part 
Blown cottonseed oil ........ 2 parts 
Methyl ester of cocoanut oil. 1 part 
Ethyl acetate». 5. ..2.40eeee 5 parts 
Benzene :s..cieu Sue eee eee 3 parts 


Optional Constituents: :—Ethyl ester oi 
cocoanut oil, blown rape seed oil, 
methyl and ethyl esters of lauric, 
myristic, palmitic, oleic and ricinoleic 
acids. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—Dec. 31, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,415,059 
Issued—May 9, 1922 

A flexible transparent nitrocellulose 

base or support which contains a sugar, 
glycerine and water which serve to 
render the film antistatic. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........... . 100 parts 
Acetone. «54. osskaaseeenene 250 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 250 parts 
Fusel off seis ase eee 40 parts 
Camphor |) ssas.50s aaa 10 parts 
Glucose: 3... csesaae oi deusens 4 parts 
Glycerine = oci.aas nen see 4 parts 
Water ... 0s vss). 4 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Butyl alcohol, 
isobutyl alcohol. 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—Jan. 10, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,418,413 
Issued—June 6, 1922 

A flowable film-forming composition, 

comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and 
a monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol of 
less than three carbon atoms, 

Type Formula: 
Carbon tetrachloride .... 5-95 parts 
Ethyl alcohol 7234.3. 020s 95- 5 parts 

Optional Constitwents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene, tricresyl phosphate. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 95 


Hommel, Oscar 
Applied—Apnil 21, 1919 
US.P—1,419,258 
Issued—June 13, 1922 

A quick drying material for coating 

golf balls adapted to be applied by 
dipping, consisting of soluble cotton, 
a solvent for the cotton, a pigment and 
a gum. 

Type Formula: 


BOlUDIe COUUOD 62. .kise eee. 1 part 
IOWA ROBLAGG ©. ssc cece ss 20 parts 
er on 74% parts 
Dammar varnish ......... 10% 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, litho- 
pone, Chinese white, geranium lake, 
anilines, French carmine, rubber ce- 
ment, gum, 


Eichengrun, Arthur 
Applied—Nov. 23, 1910 
Assigned—American Cellone Co. 
U.S.P.—1,420,028 
Issued—June 20, 1922 

A hard celluloid material from acetyl 

cellulose consisting in mixing acetyl 
cellulose together with a camphor sub- 
stitute and a volatile solvent for the 
acetyl cellulose, said volatile solvent 
being used in insufficient amount to 
effect complete solution of the acetyl 
cellulose. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 100 parts 
RECT. iy ce « wees 100 parts 
Glacial acetic acid ........ 50 parts 
Acetyl-methyl aniline ..... 35 parts 
Optional Constituwents:—Acetone, naph- 
thyl-acetate, dichlorhydrin, _ tetra- 


chlorethane. 


Carrol, Stewart 
Applied—Jan. 21, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,425,173 
Issued—Aug. 8, 1922 
A viscous flowable film-forming 
composition comprising an alkyl ether 
of cellulose dissolved in a mixture of 
ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol and water. 
Type Formula: 


VOCUS BY) <7 92 parts 
POL HACOHOV foc va ce ess eels 7 parts 
Menta AeCare'g cit se analy 44 1 part 


Crossman, Louis 

Applied—Feb. 8, 1922 
US.P.—1,425,510 
Issued—Aug. 15, 1922 

An undercoating composition for 
surfaces comprising the materials men- 
tioned below. The benzol thins down 
the acetone and cheapens the com- 
pound. The acetic acid offsets the 
odor of the acetone. Amyl acetate 
tends to prevent the composition from 
turning white after being applied. 


Type Formula: 


ACALODC he POEL. on ay ole cbc 86 gal. 
Wood! alcohols... venneek 46 gal. 
EEO aes (Oe Gee. 346 gal. 
et Gd sare ai ee eet okie ace 2 02. 
PTE RRAG Mee toh seh Ret td tec 1 oz. 
PEI OTE Nite oo seo wha wih 1% o2. 
PAVE ACCtTALGs: bic... cas Sins 0% 1 OZ. 


Optional Constituents:—Pigment. 


Tesse, Theodore F. 
Applied—June 24, 1918 
Assigned—Soc. Nauton Freres & de 
Marsac and Theodore F. Tesse. - 
U.S.P.—1,426,521 
Issued—Aug. 22, 1922 

A lacquer for decreasing the visi- 
bility of objects, consisting of cellu- 
lose acetate, methyl acetate, benzyl 
alcohol, triacetin, eugenol, inert colored 
matter (Paris blue). Another coating 
contains, instead of the Paris blue, a 
lake of alizarin red precipitated upon 
hydrate of alumina. 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, aceto 
acetic ether, isoeugenol, lamp black. 
See also Eng. Pat. 158,521, French 
Pat. 495,000. 


Malone, Lester J. 
Applied—Jan. 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,429,153 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1922 

A composition of matter including a 

cellulose ether and a cellulose ester 
dissolved in a liquid comprising pyri- 
dine, the combined weight of said 
cellulosic compounds being more than 
one-sixth the weight of said liquid. 


96 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE. LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate .......... 33 parts 
Cellulose acetate .......... 33 parts 
Cellulose ether ........... 33 parts 
Pyridine’ 7. oe sere ees oe 450 parts 
ATELONE CE. Tis seek een 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methyl 
acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor. 


Seel, P. C. 
Applied—Jan. 5, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,429,169 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1922 
A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether and dichlorpropane. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Dichlorpropane s...su sees 4-6 parts 

Optional Constituents: —Methy] alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene, 


Silzer, Albert 
Applied—Feb. 23, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,429,174 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1922 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose nitrate, normal butyl alcohol, 
ethyl butyrate and sufficient common 
solvent to make a viscous flowable 
solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate ........ 100 parts 
Buty aleohol. 7257s 10-100 parts 
Ethyl butyrate ......... 1-100 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
alcohol. 


Webb, W. R. 
Applied— 
U.S.P.—1,429,179 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1922 

Curling of films formed largely of 

cellulose ether is lessened or prevented 
by treating the face of the film with 
a solvent such as alcohol, acetone, 
amyl acetate, or benzene and evap- 
orating solvent before it has fully 
penetrated the film, 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,429,188 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1922 

A compound solvent for cellulose 

ethers comprising a mixture of ethy- 
lene chloride and a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol. 

Type Formula: 
Ethylene chloride ...... 90-40 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 10-60 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl 
alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor. ~ 


Nickolas, J. G. 

Applied—Novy. 21, 1918 
US.P.—1,429,295 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1922 

Fabrics such as canvas airplane 
wings are coated with a varnish which 
may contain pyroxylin or cellulose 
acetate and which is mixed with im- 
palpably fine particles of alum, borax 
or other fireproofing salts which are 
insoluble in the varnish solvent. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Feb. 16, 1920 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,430,020 
Issued—Sept. 26, 1922 
A composition of matter comprising 
nitrocellulose and an aromatic phos- 
phate in proportions of 100 parts of 
nitrocellulose to over 60 parts of the 
phosphate, said composition having a 
high degree of flexibility. 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulése -. 4. <<cs eee 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 140 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, alco- 
hol, ether, triphenyl phosphate. 


Brown, H. E. & Stover, J. H. 
Applied—June 24, 1921 
Assigned—Sona Corporation. 
US.P.—1,431,455 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1922 

A binding and waterproofing ma- 
terial, comprising cellulose xanthate 
combined with India rubber and filling 
material including moisture repelling 
organic material. 


——— 


UNITED STATES PATENTS . 97 


Type Formula: 
Cellulose xanthate solution 1 part 
Liquid India rubber mixture 10 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Benzol, carbon 
disulphide, turpentine, carbon tetra- 
chloride, solvent naphtha, sulfur, lin- 
seed oil, castor oil, magnesium oxide, 
carbon black, red lead, ferric oxide, 
zinc oxide, gum arabic, glue, sugars, 
phenol tar, creosote tar, 


See, Jacques Daniel 
_ Applied—June 25, 1919 
Assigned—Societe Anonyme Des Etab- 
lissements Hutchinson 
US.P.—1,431,845 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1922 
A waterproofing and _ gasproofing 
composition comprising cellulose ace- 
tate, caoutchouc, a solvent, a sub- 
stance for rendering the cellulose 
acetate plastic and sulfur. 
Type Formula: 


ASEUIRCDONUE Geass cchess 20 parts 
Cellulose acetate ......... 60 parts 
Tetrachlorethane ......... 600 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol, 
triacetine, dicresyline, diphenylamine, 
pyridine, sulfur, loading materials. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—April 16, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,431,900 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1922 
A composition of matter for addi- 
tion to nitrocellulose film-making 
dopes, comprising an inert metallic 
salt, an inert hygroscopic organic com- 
pound of low volatility and water. - 
Type Formula: 


Sodium hypo phosphite. 14-1% 
RPIVORMING Loo. cece esses 244-5 70 

A Ee a wa Sea's » x 00,5 214-5% 
Cellulose nitrate ....... 100 parts 
LA, SS a 200-400 parts 
EL Wiss cies. 409 0 20-200 parts - 
Methyl alcohol ........ 200-400 parts 


Carroll, Stewart 
Applied—April 1, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,431,905 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1922 
A solvent for cellulose ethers, com- 


prising a mixture of xylene and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Type Formula: 
Was WAM Ch a tet at are win -... 90-10 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 10-90 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl 
alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 25, 1921 
Assigned—Hastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,431,906 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1922 

A solvent for both cellulose nitrate 

and cellulose ether, comprising a mix- 
ture of methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate 
and chloroform, 

Type Formula: 


Moathyivaleonal 12... <0 dessa oe 45% 
Hithyl: acetate... sc. ceria. 20% 
caro LOr Tite. (aus. ge ole wit, 357% 


Stinchfield, Ray L. 
Applied—March 19, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,432,364 
Issued—Oct. 17, 1922 

A compound solvent for ether of 

cellulose, comprising a mixture of 
tetrachlorethane and a lower mono- 
hydroxy aliphatic alcohol. The tetra- 
chlorethane serves to prevent inflam- 
mability of the film and also acts to 
some extent as a plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ............ 10 parts 
Tetrachlorethane .......... 45 parts 
Methyl alcohol vs. veces 15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
isopropyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, 
butyl alcohols (N. iso, secondary). 


Stinchfield, Ray L. 
Applied—March 19, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,432,365 
Issued—Oct. 17, 1922 

A compound solvent for cellulose 

ethers, comprising an ester of a lower 
monocarboxylic fatty acid and a lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol, and 
tetrachlorethane. Some of the latter 
compound remains in the film and 


98 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


seems to retard inflammability and 
also give plasticity. 
Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ............ 10 parts 
Tetrachlorethane .......... 45 parts 
Methyl acetate ............ 15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
esters of acetic, propionic, butyric acid 
and methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, propyl 
alcohol. . 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P—1,432,373 
Issued—Oct. 17, 1922 

A solvent for cellulose ethers, com- 

prising a mixture of ethylene chlor- 
bromide and a monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ‘ethers.ceu. sak aiees 2 parts 
Ethylene chlorbromide ...... 9 parts 
Methy! ‘alcohol: .2.5.0 aces 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Webb, W. R. 

Applied—Nov. 16, 1921 
U.S.P.—1,432,374 
Issued—Oct. 12, 1922 

A viscous flowable composition com- 
prising a water insoluble ethyl] cellulose 
dissolved in a mixture comprising from 
10 to 90 parts of methyl acetate and 90 
to 10 parts of methyl alcohol. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—May 24, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,434,426 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1922 
A solvent for cellulose ethers, com- 
prising a mixture of phenol and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Oelinlose “ethers... cca 2 parts 
Phenol... ase eee 5 parts 
Methyt aleohol ova seers 5 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Applied—May 24, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,434,427 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1922 

A plastic composition consisting of 

cellulose ethyl ether, pentachlorethane 
and methyl] or ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ethyl ether ied 20 parts 
Pentachlorethane ........ 50-90 parts 
Methyl alcohol .......... 10-50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol. 
See F. P. 408,396. 


Donohue, John M., 
Applied—Jan. 5, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,434,432 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1922 

A solvent for cellulose ether, com- 

posed of benzol and carbon tetra- 
chloride. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Benzol . i... ti. 34 eee 2-3 parts 
Carbon tetrachloride ..... 2-3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Webb, W. R. 


Applied—Feb. 23, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,434,465 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1922 

A mixed solvent for cellulose ether, 
comprising carbon tetrachloride and 
the acetic ester of a monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol of less than six car- 
bon atoms. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Methyl acetate ........... 1% parts 
Carbon tetrachloride ..... 3% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, butyl 
acetate, isobutyl acetate, amyl acetate, 
isoamyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, 
tricresyl phosphate, camphor, mono- 
chlornaphthalene. 


Sease, Virgil B. 
Applied—Feb, 3, 1921 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS ae 


US.P.—1,434,634 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1922 

A liquid composition for dissolving 
cellulose acetate comprising acetone, 
ethyl acetate, and a substance each of 
whose molecules may be formed 
through condensation of two molecules 
of acetone. 

Type Formula: 


PREEROUCR Te yea ks ccs chee es 65 parts 
Pitmyreacetate oo... sa es ess 25 parts 
Nest yh OXIe Soe .i sk ee ss 3 parts 
Diacetone alcohol ......... 7 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, man- 
nol, ethyl phthalate, methyl phthalate. 


Crockett, Cyrenius W. 
Applied—July 13, 1922 
Assigned—Alco Deo Co. 
U.S.P.—1,437,170 
Issued—Nov. 28, 1922 
A coating composition comprising a 
solution of nitrocellulose in mesityl 
oxide and other solvents. The mesityl 
oxide promotes flow and makes the 
film transparent, tough and flexible. 
Ethyl acetate aids the solution and is 
inexpensive. Butyl alcohol prevents 
the film from blushing. Benzol acts as 
a diluent and cheapens the compound. 
Type Formula: 


IN ILFOCELIUIOSE 14.6 e casa sees 8 oz. 
Mesityi .0%1de 9.25.4 b..a0. 45% 
PUD goa: i 15% 
On) See 5 ee 20% 
Heli i@og Sho) tt) De 20% 


Optional Constituents:—Shellac, mastic, 
resins, copals, fusel oil, denatured alco- 
hol, ketones, wood alcohol, acetone, 
methyl acetone, methyl acetate, ace- 
tone oils, pigments, boiled linseed oil, 
toluol, xylol, solvent naphtha. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,437,792 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1922 

A composition of matter, comprising 

water insoluble ethyl cellulose dis- 
solved in a compound solvent consist- 
ing essentially of monochlornaphtha- 
lene and a lower monhydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol. 


Type Formula: 
Esbylecelhuloee. acne. vo so 
Monochlornaphthalene 
Methyl alcohol 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, monochloranthracenes, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Sulzer, A. F. 
Applied—March 13, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P —1,437,828 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1922 

An “anti static” composition for 

photographic films consisting of a solu- 
tion of a cellulose ether, with or with- 
out a cellulose ester. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ........ 45 parts wt. 
Hinyinalcohol se 04 2 550 parts wt. 
Ohiorovorin’ syaetss ek 900 parts wt. 
Cellulose nitrate ...... 45 parts wt. 
ACetOne He Cea ee 4000 parts wt. 


Sulzer, Albert F. 
Applied—March 13, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,437,829 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1922 

A “anti static’ composition for 

photographic films consisting of a solu- 
tion of a cellulose ether and cellulose 
acetate. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ....... 45 parts wt 
Ethyl alcohol’ Sees". ¢. 550 parts wt 
Cnloroformie...s..0s. see 900 parts wt 
Cellulose acetate (ace- 

tone soluble) ....... 45 parts wt. 
Acetone \. 3c cee. Lees 4000 parts wt 


Backhaus, Arthur 
Applied—Aug. 10, 1920 
Assigned—U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. 
U.S.P.—1,437,952 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1922 

A process which comprises forming a 

plastic composition by adding to 
pyroxylin an ester of aceto acetic acid 
and acetic ether. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate ........... 10 oz. 
Acetic ether Jc eee 1 gal 
Ethyl aceto acetate ........ 1-4 oz. 


100 


Optional Constitwents:—Cellulose ethers, 
cellulose acetate, acetone, methyl 
acetone, methyl acetate, amyl acetate, 
ethyl alcohol, fusel oil, amyl alcohol, 
butyl alcohol, butyl acetate, methyl 
aceto acetate, propyl aceto acetate, 
butyl aceto acetate, methyl ethyl aceto 
acetate. 


Clancy, John C. 
Applied—Dec. 23, 1921 
Assigned—Nitrogen Corp. 
U.S.P.—1,439,293 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1922 

The process of making cellulose com- 

pounds which comprises dissolving 
cellulose nitrate in anhydrous am- 
monia, and then transferring the dis- 
solved nitrate into a menstrum in 
which the nitrate is not initially 
soluble. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate 
Anhydrous ammonia 


Tétrachlorethane .9...46e55 90% 
Ethyl alechol’ 2 -%.. 2c eee 10% 
Optional Constitwents:—Carbon _ tetra- 


chloride, chloroform, benzine, benzene, 
chlorethane, monochlorethane, naph- 


thalene, trichlorethane, dichlorethane, . 


propyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, butyl 
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, butyl acetate, 
amyl acetate. 

See E. P. 190,694, F. P. 553,547. 


Woodbridge, Richard G. 
Applied—March 13, 1922. 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 

& Co. 
U.S.P.—1,439,656 
Issued—Dec. 19, 1922 

The viscosity and diphenylamine 
contents of “pyro” powder are reduced 
by heating the latter in an organic 
liquid which is substantially a non- 
solvent for the powder. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
toluene, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, 
benzene, xylene. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Sept. 21, 1922 
US.P.—1,440,006 
Issued—Dec. 26, 1922 
A composition of matter containing 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


cellulose acetate and a ketotetramethy- 
lene compound. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts 
Cyclobutanone ......... 50 parts 
Methyl acetate ......... 100 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate .... 12-15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, methyl 
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, alcohol-benzol 
mixture, dimethyl cyclobutanone, di- 
ethyl cyclobutanone (Ketotetramethy- 
lene). 


Ross, Hedley 
Applied—July 19, 1918 
Assigned—Pratt and Lambert 
U.S.P.—1,440,178 
Issued—Dec. 26, 1922 
A water and sun-proof, non-inflam- 
mable composition containing cellulose 


acetate, triphenyl phosphate with 
acetone or a similar solvent. 
Type Formula: 
Methyl acetate ............ 1 gal 
Acetyl cellulose ...... piiernee 1 lb. 
Triphenyl phosphate ....... 8% o2. 
Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol, 
benzyl acetate, diacetone alcohol, 


propylene chlorhydrin, tricresyl phos- 
phate, trinaphthyl phosphate. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
USP.—1,441,143 
Issued—Jan. 2, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

water-insoluble ethyl cellulose dis- 
solved in a mixture of methyl alcohol 
and toluene. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ......... ay 1 part 
Methyl alcohol ........... 2% parts 
Toluene m5 .p.0<55 ee 2% parts 


Sheppard, Samuel 
Applied—April 1, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,441,181 
Issued—Jan. 2, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether and a hydrogenation 
product of the hydrocarbons C2nHn*s 
and their homologues. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ....... 100-200 parts 
CRIOPGIGTIN. va icsins we 600-900 parts 
Hthylaleonol........ 300-450 parts 
DPOB IEA) 32 ws es kas ss 3 15— 30 parts 
Optional  Constituents:—Benzol, _ tri- 


phenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, 
camphor, monochlornaphthalene, tetra- 
hydronaphthalene (tetraline). 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 30, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. . 
US.P.—1,444,331 
Issued—Feb. 6, 1923 
A viscous flowable film-forming 
- composition, comprising water-insolu- 
ble ethyl cellulose dissolved in a 
compound solvent containing phenyl 
propyl alcohol and a liquid mono- 
hydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ........... 1 part 
Phenyl propyl alcohol ..... 2% parts 
Methyl alcohol ..../...... 214 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 
butyl alcohols, fusel oil, amyl alcohols, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 


phate, camphor. 


Clarke, Hans T. 
Applied—Dec. 27, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,444,333 
Issued—Feb. 6, 1923 
A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose nitrate and a salicylic acid 
ester of a monohydroxy aliphatic alco- 
hol, having from 4 to 5 carbon atoms. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ......... 100 parts 
PROG ra ics oe eva a eles 200-300 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ 200-300 parts 
ATED a | Hg 20— 60 parts 
Normal butyl salicylate 30. parts 


Optional Constituents:—Normal butyl 
alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, amyl salicy- 
late, isobutyl salicylate. 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—April 30, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,444,406 
Issued—Feb. 6, 1923 


101 


A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether and ethylene chlorhy- 
drin. A_ volatile vehicle such as 
methyl alcohol, may be used to facili- 
tate the drying of the composition. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Ethylene chlorhydrin ..... 2-3 parts 
Methylraleahol: sociey a4 2-3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Willkie, Herman F. 
Applied—April 14, 1922 
Assigned—U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. 
US.P.—1,449,156 
Issued—March 20, 1923 

A solvent composition comprising a 

very high boiling solvent of a cellu- 
lose ester, a volatile solvent thereof, 
and a third liquid having the charac- 
teristic of forming a ternary or 
quaternary constant boiling mixture 
with water and said solvents. 

Type Formula: 


Diethyl phthalate ....... 3% parts 
thy) acetate. .7-.0. ots. 11%4 parts 
Berzol pce ee, Seve cs 25 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl  aceto 
acetate, triacetin, ethyl succinate, 


dimethyl phthalate, acetone, toluol. 


Willkie, Herman F, 
Applied—April 14, 1922 
Assigned—U. S. Industrial Alcohol Co. 
U.S.P.—1,449,157 
Issued—March 20, 1923 

A composition containing a cellulose 

ester, a volatile solvent and a quantity 
of a high boiling solvent sufficient to 
gelatinize only a portion of the cellu- 
lose ester when the volatile constit- 
uents have evaporated. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxyline uo: (uileesce. samees 10 gr. 
Hithybtacetaterss 6 Fy 2354 Yo 
Ethyl alcohol (90%, 10% 

FO} ORR ee wh Pee ia Se 
Diethyl phthalate: 2.0.4 1%% 


Optional Constituents:—Pigments, ethyl 
aceto acetate, triacetin, ethyl succinate, 
dimethyl phthalate, methyl acetate, 
acetone, resins, 


102 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—May 24, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,450,714 
Issued—April 3, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
containing perchlorethylene ahd a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Due to its low volatility a consider- 
able amount of the perchlorethylene 
remains in the film and imparts use- 
ful properties to said film. 

Type Formula: 


Bthy1 .cetlulice: vr csn ses us be} part 
Methyl alcohol i. 25... <a 2% parts 
Perchlorethylene i. ...6.. 2% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—May 24, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,450,715 
Issued—April 3, 1923 

A composition of matter, comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
containing methyl salicylate and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Some of the methyl salicylate remains 
in the film and thereby imparts use- 
ful properties to said film. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1. = Pyare 
Methyl] salicylate ......... 2% parts 
Niethiy! alcohols. >a... owes 2% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—May 24, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,450,716 
Issued—April 3, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
containing furfural and a lower mono- 
hydroxy alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........:.. 1. part 
Forfural o3i.200 3. see eee 2% parts 
Methyl] alcohol ........... 2% parts 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Arent, Arthur 
Applied—Jan. 15, 1921 
Assigned—Arthur Arent Laboratories 
US.P.—1,451,313 
Issued—April 10, 1923 

Cellulose-ester films are reduced in 

inflammability by treating with an 
ethyl acetate solution of the salt of 
an antimony metal. 

Type Formula: 


Antimony trichloride ........ 10 g 
Acetic ether ....... hich nea 30 c.c 
Metallic mercury .......:0.6s excess 


Optional Constituents:—Glacial acetic 
acid, castor oil. 


Dreyfus, H. 
U.S.P.—1,451,331 
Issued—April 10, 1923 
A mixed benzyl ethyl cellulose ether 
can be used in lacquers and plastic 
masses. 


Pozdech, A. F. 
Applied—Dec. 28, 1921 
US. P—1,452,219 
Issued—April 17, 1923 
A quick-drying enamel is formed of 
ground zinc white, French varnish, 
benzine and lacquer. 
Type Formula: 


Ground zine white....... 0.5 pint 
French varnish .......... 2 02. 
Benzine: s:4: 1 a6\ eee 10 drops 
Lacquer .ipsee eee OZ. 


Neusella, A. 
Applied—Jan. 19, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,453,764 
Issued—May 1, 1923 

A liquid mixture adapted for coat- 

ing collars or cuffs, consisting of ace- 
tone, cellulose triacetate, triphenyl 
phosphate or other plasticizing agent, 
castor oil, zinc white and lithopone 
and barium sulphate. 

Type Formula: 


Acetone. 2.33 100 parts 
Cellulose triacetate .. 6 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate. 3 parts 


Castor oil 


eet ew eee eee 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula—Continued: 
Zinc white & Litho- 

pone 

Barium sulphate 


eecveeereee ee eee 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 
US.P.—1,454,959 
Issued—May 15, 1923 

A composition of matter containing 

a cellulose ether and a _ high-boiling 
aromatic low-carbon alkyl sulphon- 
amid. 

Type Formula: 


Filigl cellulose .o5. 65... 100 parts 
Benzene monoethylsulphon- 

OLSEN sae ae a 25 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 12 parts 


Optional Constituents: —Benzene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para 
toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho 
and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, 
ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl] sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- 
phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, and tri 
methyl urea, mono-, di- and tri ethyl 
urea, coloring matter, filling material, 
triacetin. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 
US.P.—1,454,960 
Issued—May 15, 1923 

~A composition of matter containing 

an aralkylated derivative of cellulose 
and a high boiling aromatic low car- 
bon alkyl sulphonamid. 

Type Formula: 
Benzylic cellulose derivative 100 parts 
Benzene monoethyl  sul- 

phonamid 100 parts 

Optional Constrtuents:—Benzene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para 
toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho 
and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, 
ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- 
phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, and tri 
methyl urea, mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl 
urea, coloring matter, filling material, 
triacetin. 


eoveezree ee ee % oo 


103 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Nov. 16, 1920 
US.P.—1,454,961 
Issued—May 15, 1923 
A composition of matter containing 
nitro-cellulose and a high-boiling aro- 
matic low carbon alkyl sulphonamid. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose, -../..:.... 100 parts 
Benzene monomethy] sul- 

ahaYotelsrrabts © Braye mt Aires pen 25 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ..... 10-15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Benzene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, ortho and para 
toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, ortho 
and para methyl ethyl sulphonamid, 
ortho and para toluene diethyl sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene diethyl! sul- 
phonamid, isomeric xylene methyl 
ethyl sulphonamid, triphenyl phos- 
phate, castor oil, mono-, di-, tri methyl 
urea, mono-, di-, tri, ethyl urea, color- 
ing matter, filling material, triacetin. 


Kessler, Johannes M. 
Applied—Nov. 26, 1919 
U.S.P.—1,456,782 
Issued—May 29, 1923 

Triacetin (as pure as possible) is 

used as a substitute for camphor with 
cellulose esters. 

Type Formula: 


Pyrosy linker eres 100 parts wt. 
Denatured alcohol .... 60 parts wt. 
95% triacetin ......... 31 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Camphor, urea, 
pigments, colors, acetone, wood alco- 
hol. 


Trivelli, Adriaan P. 
Applied—Feb. 2, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,458,256 
Issued—June 12, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether and a monohydroxy 
aliphatic alechol containing more than 
two but less than six carbon atoms and 
a lower member of the benzene series 
of hydrocarbons. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ethyl ether....... 5 parts 
Ay) AlCOROM Ce ince. saya 5 parts 
Birtylalechol’ in55.+eeseas 15 parts 
DRVIOL Be so a ale Sate mes aie ae 75 parts 


104 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, toluol, 
propyl alcohol, isopropyl] alcohol. 


Stevenson, W. J. 
Applied—April 2, 1921 
U.S.P.—1,458,505 
Issued—June 12, 1923 

A non-inflammable film consisting of 

acetyl cellulose and equal amounts of 
triacetin and triphenyl phosphate in 
the proportion of from 10 to 30% of 
the weight of acetyl cellulose. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 200 gms 
EYIRCGLIN Cea cates cna ak 20 gms 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 20 gms. 
Optional Constituents: — Tetrachlor- 


ethane, benzyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. & Farrow, E. S. 
Applied—Feb. 8, 1923 
Assigned—Fastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,460,097 
Tasued2 dune 26, 1923 

A film comprising cellulose ether 
and a high boiling stabilizer which will 
maintain flexibility in the film after 
prolonged heating thereof at 65° C. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............ 20 parts 
Methyl acetanilid ......... 2 parts 
Methyl acetate ...........% 90 parts 


Methyl alcohol 10 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Acetyl p-phene- 
tidine, diethyl carbanilide, aniline 
acetate, phenyl urea, diphenyl ethylene 
diamine, phenyl naphthyl amine, benz 
anilide, para di methyl amino phenyl 
acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor, monochlor-naph- 
thalene. 


eoereeeeeeee 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—April 30, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,460,690 
Issued—July 3, 1923 
Aromatic side chain alcohols, their 
homologues and substitution products 
are used as solvents for cellulose 
ethers. 

Type Formula: 

Ethyl cellulose: ¢<.. 20. Vises 
Benzyl alcohol ...3sssless. 


A SURVEY OF NITROC 


ELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene, phenyl ethyl alcohol. 


St. John, A. D. 
Applied—May 22, 1922 
US.P.—1,462,306 
Issued—July 17, 1923 

Mono cresyl diphenyl phosphate is 

used as a plasticizer for cellulose 
esters. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ester ......... wee. 80-65% 
Mono cresyl diphenyl phos- 
phate. «.« isi saline eee eee 20-35% 


Optional Constituwents:—Camphor, tri- 


phenylphosphate. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,464,169 
Issued—Aug. 7, 1923 

A solvent for cellulose ethers con- 

sisting of a mixture of an acetic ester 
of the lower monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohols (less than six carbon stoms), 
and chloroform. 

Type Formula: 


'. Ethyl cellulose. i.y.03 eee 1 part 
Methyl acetate, 50% eae 
Chloroform, 50%  {°**°""* Py 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresy] phos- 
phate, camphor. 


Carroll, S. J. 
‘Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,464,170 
Issued—Aug. 7, 1923 

A solvent for cellulose ethers con- 

sisting of a mixture of an acetic ester 
of the lower monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohols (less than six carbon atoms), 
and ethylene chloride. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ........ pscee ISDert 
Ethylene  cchloride, 40-50 

parts wt: Oi.adsi ewe seem 5 parts 
tiga acetate, 60-50 parts 

Susteren ds ee bet 5 parts 


Piva: Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Loffler, Raimund J. 

Applied—March 31, 1921 
Assigned—Wm. L. Voight 
U.S.P.—1,464,949 
Issued—Aug. 14, 1923 

A composition for use as an in- 
gredient in the manufacture of plastic 
masses comprising the combination of 
a lignosulphoacid with a protein sub- 
stance such as glue. 

Optional Constituents:—Viscose, copper 
oxide ammonia cellulose, castor oil, 
oleic soap, mineral acids, vegetable 
acids, animal acids, glycerine, magne- 
sium chloride, fillers: sawdust, zinc 
oxide, kaolin, alum earths, chrome 
salts, formaldehyde. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Nov., 2, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,466,819 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A method of incorporating in cellu- 

lose acetate a plasticizer (alkylated 
sulphonamid) by the aid of low boil- 
ing media such as ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate, mixed 
isomeric xylene mono-ethyl 100 parts 


PRUDMODBMUG Ss 5 <p ss 0 0500 30 parts 
Pea Ee ICNOL ode i s.+ 83 5s 200 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Mixed isomeric 
xylene monomethyl  sulphonamid, 


methyl alcohol, toluene-ortho-mono- 
ethyl sulphonamid, benzene. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,071 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A composition comprising a cellu- 

lose ether dissolved in a mixture of 
propylene chloride and a volatile me- 
dium carrying such ingredients, as 
ethyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ....... 1 part wt 
Propylene chloride, 50 

Oe | ee 4-6 parts wt 
Methyl acetate, 50 

Ags a | a Se 4-6 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl acetate, acetone, triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


105 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,091 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A compound solvent for cellulose 
ether composed of a mixture of methyl 
acetate and monochlornaphthalene. 
Type Formula: . 
Cellulose ether ............. 
Methyl acetate, 50 parts 
Monochlornaphthalene, } 5 parts 
50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,092 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of di- 
benzyl amine and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol of less than six carbon 
atoms, or of the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Dibenzyl amine, 50 parts 

Methyl acetate, 50 el See 

Cellulose ether’. Aree. os- 1 part 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 

triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 

phate, monochlornaphthalene, cam- 

phor, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, 


ethyl acetate. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned-—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,467,093 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellu- 
lose ether dissolved in a mixture of 
ethyl benzene and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatie alcohol of less than six carbon 
atoms, or of the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 
Ethyl benzene, 50 parts) 
Methyl acetate, 50 parts / 
Cellulose ether (ethyl).... 1 part 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, methyl al- 
cohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
camphor, monochlornaphthalene. 


50 parts 


106 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 38, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,094 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellu- 
lose ether dissolved in a mixture of 


dimethyl aniline and a monohydroxy . 


aliphatic alcohol of less than six atoms, 
or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Dimethyl aniline, 50% 
Methyl acetate, 50% | ee) > pes 
Cellulose ether (ethyl)...... 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P—1,467,095 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of di- 
phenyl methane and a monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol of less than six car- 
bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Diphenyl methane, 50 parts 
Methyl aceate, 50 parts } ide 
Ethyl cellulose st... weiss se 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P—1 »467,096 
Tssued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl 
benzyl aniline and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol of less than six carbon 
atoms, or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Kthyl benzy] aniline, 50 parts 
Methyl acetate, 50 parts } 5 pate 
Ethyl celluloses ces eeeeeere 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,097 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of cyclo- 
hexanol and a monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, 
or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 
Cyclohexanol, 50 parts ) 
Methyl acetate, 50 partsf “"" oat 
Ethyl cellulose 1 part 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,098 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A composition comprising a cellulose 

ether dissolved in a mixture of aceto- 
phenone and a monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, 
or the acetate of the same. 

Type Formula: 


Acetophenone, 1 part | 3 
Methyl acetate, 3 parts{°°°"” pe 
Ethyl cellulose ...........--. 1 part 


Optional Constituents: —Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,099 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A composition comprising a cellulose 

ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl 
iodide and a monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol of less than six carbon atoms, 
or the acetate of the same. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl iodide, 50 parts 
Methyl] acetate, 50 Se i SePoue 
Ethyl cellulose ..........-.- 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl sicokel 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,100 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of ethyl- 
ene bromide and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol having less than six car- 
bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Ethylene bromide, 50 parts 
Methyl acetate, 50 parts PES tN 
HthylGelluloses...6 5.06 cue 2's 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 38, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P—1 y467,101 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of cyclo- 
hexanone and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol having less than six car- 
bon atoms, or the acetate of the same. 
Type Formula: 


Cyclohexanone, 50 parts 
Methyl] acetate, 50 mat acd at 
Hithyl] cellulose’ ............. 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 

. Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,467,102 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A composition comprising a cellulose 
ether dissolved in a mixture of methyl- 
ene chloride and a monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol having less than six 
carbon atoms, or the acetate of the 
same. 

Type Formula: 

Methylene chloride, 50 parts 
Methyl acetate, 50 parts } ee 
Ethyl cellulose 1 part 

Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 

ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, triphenyl- 


107 


phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, acetone. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,103 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition of matter, comprising 
cellulose ether dissolved in butyl tar- 
trate and a volatile vehicle carrying 
said ether and said butyl tartrate. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ......... 20 parts 
Birtyr tarurates cs. na.s ss 90-10 parts 
BEhyiesiconol.. sca. « 10-90 parts 


Optional Constituents:—-Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, 


triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 3, 1922 
Assigned—HEastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,467,104 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 
A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether dissolved in benzalde- 
. hyde and a volatile vehicle carrying 
said ether and said benzaldehyde. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ......... 20 parts 
Benzaldehyde .......... 90-10 parts 
Ethyl acetates. <sscscckic 10-90 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] acetate, 
acetone, ethyl alcohol, triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—March 25, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,467,105 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of ethylene trichloride and a mono- 
hydroxy aliphatic alcohol containing 
less than six carbon atoms. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........- 20 parts 
Ethylene trichloride .... 10-90 parts 
Rihylalcoholavisewes: 90-10 parts 


108 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl1 alcohol, 
methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, 


triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene. 


Balke, P. & Leysiaffer, G. 
Applied—Dec. 138, 1920 
US.P.—1,468,222 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1923 

Water-containing nitrocellulose or a 
similar cellulose ester without addition 
of volatile solvents is mixed with a 
much larger quantity of gelatinizing 
agents such as ethyl acetanilid than is 
required for gelatinization of the ma- 
terial under treatment and with filling 
material such as barytes or CaCO; and 
the mixture is heated until the water 
present is evaporated. The product 
may be molded under pressure at a 
temperature of 130°. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—Aug. 25, 1922 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,468,820 
Issued—Sept. 25, 1923 
A plastic mass consisting of cellulose 
nitrate and an aromatic phosphate 
such as triphenyl phosphate or the 
like, castor oil being dispensed with. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate ...... 100 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ... 60-500 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate, acetone, alcohol. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 1, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,469,812 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 

A composition comprising a cellu- 

lose ether (alkyl) dissolved in a mix- 
ture of an aliphatic lower ketone 
(more than three carbon atoms) and 
a lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol 
(less than six carbon atoms). 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ......... 1 part wt. 
Acetone oil, 1 part : on 
Methyl alcohol, 1 part f° ° P@tS WY 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl ethyl 
ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


butyl ketone, methyl amyl ketone, 


diethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, diiso 
propyl ketone, diamyl ketone, ethyl 
alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresy! 
phosphate, camphor, 


Carroll, S. J. 
US.P.—1,469,813 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 
A composition formed of cellulose 
ethyl ether dissolved in a mixture of 
methyl benzoate with alcohols and 
other ingredients. 


Matthews, Irving C. 
Applied—Dec. 26, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,469,816 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 

A composition of matter composed 

of ethyl cellulose dissolved in a mix- 
ture containing beta-chloro-ethyl ace- 
tate and an aromatic hydrocarbon of 
the benzene type. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ......cs<+e- 1 part 
Benzol' ... <0 cia ae 1 part 
Beta-chloro-ethyl acetate.... 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Toluol, xylol, 
methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, 

- chloroform, turpentine, amyl acetate, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, alkylated or halogen- 
ated derivatives of benzol, toluol, and 
xylol. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—Jan. 5, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
USP -—1,469,825 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 
A composition of matter shutsritng 
cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 


containing an alkyl acetate and 
methyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Butyl acetate, 25 parts . 
Methyl alcohol, 75 ee pe 


Optional Constituente: :—Propyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, triphenyl phosphate, tri- 
cresyl phosphate, camphor. 


Seel, Paul C. 
Applied—Jan. 5, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 


ee ee a a ee ee 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


U.S.P.—1,469,826 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 

A flowable composition of matter 
comprising cellulose ether, mesityl 
oxide and a volatile vehicle carrying 
such ingredients in order to facilitate 
a@-more rapid setting of the film. 

Type Formula: 


_ Cellulose ether ........... 100 parts 
Mesityl oxide ............ 20 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 450 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Kawashima, Kiyoshi 
Applied—Dec. 11, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,469,839 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 
A coating for cloths for aeroplane 
wings or planes and the like, which is 
made from denitrated nitrocellulose, 
acetone, boric acid and magnesium 
‘ chloride. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose solutions.. 100 parts 
MIOIPOSARL CS oe css Sa eo a 10-15 parts 
Magnesium chloride .... 10-15 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Hydrogen per- 
oxide, acetone. 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,469,862 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 


A viscous flowable film-forming 


composition, comprising an ether of. 


cellulose dissolved in a mixture of a 

lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol 

and ethyl benzoate. Considerable 

amounts of the latter remain in the 

film and impart useful properties to it. 
Type Formula: 


Pihyl cellulose .y.....5... 1 part 
Ethyl benzoate ........... 2% parts 
PGty PRICONGLS cna. c eee 2% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 


triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 


phate, camphor. 


Webb, Wm. R. 
Applied—April 5, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 


109 


U.S.P.—1,469,863 
Issued—Oct. 9, 1923 

A composition of matter, comprising 
a cellulose ether dissolved in a mix- 
ture composed of a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol and benzyl acetate 
or a homologue. A considerable pro- 
portion of the benzyl acetate remains 
in the film and imparts useful prop- 
erties to it. ; 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... j Bpuayet hae 
Benzyl acetate ........... 214 parts 
Methyl) alcohol .......0.5.. 2% parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 


phate, camphor. 


Donohue, J. M. 

Applied—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,473,217 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of a propionic acid ester of a lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol 
to bring out the latent solvent power 
of the ester. The ester also acts as a 


plasticizer. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether i....c.<.s50 1 part 
Methyl propionate ......... 3 parts 
WietlivlsslConGl ons one avin. 3 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl propion- 
ate, triphenyl phosphate,  tricresyl 


phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- 
thalene. 


Donohue, John M. 
Applied—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,473,218 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of a lower monohydroxy aliphatic al- 
cohol and epichlorhydrin. Some of the 
latter compound remains in the film 
and serves as a plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............ 1 part 
Epichlorhydriti’. .625 .0.ee5% 3 parts 
Methyl/alcoholi.ve Vee 3 parts 


110 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Optional Constitwents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Donohue, John M. 
Applied—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,473,219 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1923 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of a succinic acid ester of a lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol and a 
common solvent such as a_ lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol which 
brings out the latent solvent power of 
the ester. The ester also serves as a 
plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether ............ 
Ethyl sucemate +... sale «aie eens 3 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........ ns «toe DATS 

Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 

Applied—April 30, 1921 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P—1,479,955 
Issued—Jan. 8, 1924 

A composition of matter composed 
of cellulose ether dissolved in a mix- 
ture containing a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol and one of the phenyl 
ethers mentioned below. Due to its 
volatility some of this latter compound 
remains in the film and imparts useful 


qualities. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether ......... 20 parts 
Pheneiol “sais ease ee 90-50 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 10-50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
propyl, alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 


butyl alcohols, fusel oil, amyl alcohols, 
camphor, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, phenylmethyl] ether, normal 
butyl o-cresyl ether, benzyl-ethyl 
ether, diphenyl ether, normal butyl- 
phenyl ether, normal butyl-benzyl 
ether, methyl o-cresyl ether. 


Seaton, Max Y. 
Applied—Jan. 31, 1920 
Assigned—Dow Chemical Co. 


U.S.P.—1,480,016 
Issued—Jan. 8, 1924 

A solvent mixture for cellulose 
esters, comprising propylene chlor. 
hydrin in admixture with amyl acetate 
and acetone together with a suitable 
diluent. : 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 8 parts 
Propylene chlorhydrin ..... 20 parts 
Alcohol . 2:sccssiesee eeu eee eae 20 parts 
Benzol : .5scesanaie ees 60 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ni- 


trate, amyl acetate, acetone, chlor- 
propyl acetate. 


Snape, John Wm. 
Applied—April 16, 1923 
Assigned—George F. Mohlman 
US.P—1,481,485 
Issued—Jan. 22, 1924 

A waterproof, air-proof and acid- 

proof varnish suitable as a covering 
over any painted or unpainted wood 
or iron work or other material. 

Type Formula: 


Clear celluloid ........ 2 ozs. 
Spirits of camphor..... 2 drams 
Methylated spirits .... 10 ozs. 

. Acetone '...7%.n. cena 30 ozs. 
Castor oll 7.28 eee eee 1-1% drams 


Clough, W. W. & Johns, Carl 
‘Applied—March 13, 1922 
Assigned—Standard Development Co. 
U.S.P.—1,485,071 
Issued—Feb. 26, 1924 

A composition of matter, comprising 
cellulose nitrate dissolved in a con- 
stant boiling-point mixture of iso- 
propyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 

Isopropyl acetate ....,.0..eus 
Isopropyl alcohol ...¥..e.s008 


Sease, Virgil B. 
Applied—Feb. 3, 1921 
Assigned—E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U.S.P.—1,488,294 
Issued—March 25, 1924 
A composition comprising a solution 
of cellulose acetate, triacetin, and a 
triaryl phosphate in a solvent com- 
prising acetone, 
mesityl oxide. 


ethyl acetate and 


—— a = 


“~~ in 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 23 parts 
EMC Tee UO Se es 65 parts 
ey Aeetate 6h. dee. 25 parts 
Bee ORICON Pais es ocela sc 3 parts 
Diacetone alcohol ......... 7 parts 
PERCU erre elise) oa ees o's > 2.3 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 2.3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Mannol, ethyl 
phthalate, monoacetin, diacetin. 


Matheson, Howard W. 
Applied—Nov. 10, 1919 
Assigned—Shawinigan Laboratories 
U.S.P.—1,488,608 
Issued—April 1, 1924 

A composition of matter containing 

a cellulose ester dissolved in ethylidene 
diacetate and a complementary sol- 
vent, such as alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 1 kilo 
Ethylidene diacetate ....... 10 liters 
PURO AICODOR Ug os o.s.0 v0 » 15 liters 
VERS Sls ees i ae 10 liters 
Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
acetone, tricresyl phosphate, toluol, 


cellulose formate, pigments. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—April 25, 1922 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,493,207 
Issued—May 6, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

pyroxylin plasticized by tricresyl phos- 
phate in admixture with sufficient cal- 
cium sulphate to produce a fire re- 
tarding effect. 

Type Formula: 


ee re 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 75 parts 
Calcium sulphate ......... 125 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, 
amyl acetate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

Applied—April 25, 1922 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,493,208 
Issued—May 6, 1924 

A composition of matter containing 
a cellulose ester and a fire-retarding 
ingredient containing calcium  tar- 


111 


trate, said latter ingredient being pres- 
ent in excess of 25% of said composi- 
tion. 

Type Formula: 


Pyrory lin been aa ns Seat, 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ...... 75 parts 
Calcium tartrate :.1.iiaenc 125 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 


ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, 
amyl acetate. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—March 138, 1923 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,493,209 
Issued—May 6, 1924 
See also U.S.P—1,233,374 

A thermo plastic composition com- 

prising acetyl cellulose plasticized by 
an aromatic phosphate in a mixture 
with sufficient calcium sulphate to pro- 
duce a fire retarding effect. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose’ .. 4:22... 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 30 parts 
Calcium sulphate .......... 50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, 
amyl acetate. 

See F. P. 580,882. 
KE. P. 230,663 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—March 13, 1923 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,493,210 
Issued—May 6, 1924 

A composition comprising a cellu- 

lose acetate and calcium tartrate in 
sufficient quantity to produce a fire 
retarding effect. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate .... 15-30 parts 
Calcium tartrate ....... 20-50 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, acetic ether, acetone, 


amyl acetate. 
See also U.S.P. 1,233,374. 


Farrow, Edward S. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,469 
Issued—May 20, 1924 


112 


A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate, and 
aniline acetate. A very small amount 
of the latter material reduces the vis- 
cosity of the solution appreciably. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether 6. 6602 "a. 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 10 parts 
Aniline acetate ............ 14 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl] phos- 
phate, tricresylphosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, E. S. Jr. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,470 
Issued—May 20, 1924 
A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and 
anthranilic acid. A very small amount 
of the latter material reduces the vis- 
cosity of the solution appreciably. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............ 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........+.- 90 parts 
Mothy! alcohol 4... .encss 10 parts 
Anthranilic acid ........+.; 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, Edward S. Jr. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,471 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and 
benzamide. The latter material 
serves to decrease the viscosity of the 
solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............ 25 parts 
Methyl. acetate <..2 5.0.6.8 90 parts 
Methy! :alcoliol .:2n.2/.50%4 10 parts 
‘Betizainide « <hr. «+e hee wee 1.4 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Farrow, E. S. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,494,472 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate, and 
benzoic acid. The latter compound 
serves to decrease the viscosity of the 
solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether .......s..+. 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Methyl. alcohol ~ 5 eee 10 parts 
Benzoie acid” sose. aecomente 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, Edward S. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,473 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether, dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate, and 
tribenzyl amine. The latter com- 
pound serves to decrease the viscosity 
of the solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 10 parts 
Tribenzyl amine \..5 2.528" 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, E. S. Jr. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,474 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and 
benzyl acetone. The latter compound 
serves to decrease the viscosity of the 
solution. 


Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether ........... 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Methyl alcohol: ....0.v.a45 10 parts 
Benzyl acetone’ ti jase 1.4 parts 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Optional Constrtuents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, Edward S. Jr. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,494,475 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl alcohol, methyl acetate and 
diphenyl amine. The latter compound 
serves to decrease the viscosity of the 
solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........-.. 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Metnyloaicohol i7. cei cs. 10 parts 
Diphenyi sine aivadvicss. 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Farrow, E. S. Jr. 
Applied—July 7, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,494,476 
Issued—May 20, 1924 

A composition of matter comprising 

cellulose ether dissolved in a mixture 
of methyl] alcohol, methyl acetate and 
phenyl benzoate. The latter com- 
pound serves to decrease the viscosity 
of the solution. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 25 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 90 parts 
Diethyl alcohol ........... 10 parts 
Phenyl benzoate ......... 1.4 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Aurynger, John J. 
Applied—June 19, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,496,198 
Issued—June 3, 1924 

A composition consisting of a solu- 

ble cellulose compound dissolved in a 
solvent and an equal amount of a 
soluble silicate which renders the ma- 
terial non-inflammable. 


113 
Type Formula: 

el IiOse TEAL fn eee das 0 2 parts 
MOMIDIG RUNCALe oa .. alae acere © 2 parts 
GRIM ORO Maw tests scx cus verse x06 1 part 
Castor oil 
Tron oxide 
Solvent 


Optional Constituents:—Hydroxides of 
silicon, chlorides of silicon, sodium sili- 
cates, potassium silicates, alcohol, 
ether, naphthalene, oil of cassia. 


Seel, Paul C. 


Applied—April 7, 1923 
US.P.—1,496,359 
Issued—June 3, 1924 

An adherent layer of cellulose ace- 
tate is applied to one face of cellulose 
ether films to render them less sub- 
ject to curling. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Applied—April 12, 1923 
Assigned—Hastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,500,366 
Issued—July 8, 1924 
Methyl acetone, alone or with 
methyl acetate, etc., is a solvent for 
cellulose ethers. 
Type Formula: 
Methyl] acetone, 1 part ) 
Ethyl] acetate, 1 part 
Ethyl cellulose 1 part 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, methyl acetate, acetone, 


triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene. 


Dreyfus, Henry 


Applied—Aug. 5, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,501,206 
Issued—July 15, 1924 

A composition of matter containing 
cellulose acetate and benzene alkyl 
sulphonamid in which the latter acts 
as a plasticizing agent. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 100 kilos 

Benzene mono methyl sul- 
MRonaMid’. ,, viaku eens 25 kilos 

Tricresyl phosphate ....... 12 kilos 


Low boiling solvents 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, benzene methyl ethyl sulpho- 


114 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


namid, mono-, di-, or tri-methyl urea, 
mono-, di-, or tri-ethyl urea, ethyl 
acetate, methyl acetate, acetone, al- 


cohol. 
See E. P. 154,334, F. P. 521,370. 


Thomas, Brice P. 
Applied—Jan. 31, 1920 
U.S.P.—1,505,820 
Issued—Aug. 19, 1924 
A film cement consisting of celluloid, 
acetic acid, ether and collodion. 
Type Formula: 


Oehioie oes so ee eee eke 65 grams 
Acetic Acid 5.3 eek ke 3 OZ. 
DUE OF: Bo vec ss squen eaenncs 3 OZ. 
Collodion 5 ve views s veces 2 02. 


Stevens, J. H. 
Applied—Oct. 1, 1921 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,508,483 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1924 
A composition in which chloral com- 
pounds act as substitutes for camphor. 
Type Formula: 


Pyrosyini 3 ae 100 parts 
Camphor’s st haee capac 5 parts 
Chloral alcoholate ...... 15— 20 parts 
Pure ethyl acetate ...... 25 parts 
Aleohol.:y. 230 2ateeeee 35 parts 
Pure acetone: lures. ae 12 parts 
Color oS oie Pee as desired 


Optional Constituents:—Chloral hydrate, 
amyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl 
acetone (freed from aldehydes, etc.). 


Stevens, John Henry 
Applied—Aug. 14, 1923 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P —1,508,484 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1924 
A plastic composition containing a 
mixture of pyroxylin, a chloral in pre- 
dominating proportion, camphor in 
small proportions and ethyl acetate. 
Type Formula: 


PYTOSVHN oe ay A ees 100 parts 
Cat OOM casa eure 5 parts 
Chloral alcoholate ...... 15— 20 parts 
Pure ethyl acetate ...... 25 parts 
Alcohol wish aie. ose 35 parts 
Pore acetone) i..2)sdeeee 12 parts 
Color: OF aaa see eee as desired 


Optional Constituents :—Chloral hydrate, 
amyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl 
acetone (freed from aldehydes, etc.). 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—March 18, 1923 
U.S.P.—1,508,928 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1924 
A composition having as main con- 
stituents cellulose acetate and a tolu- 
ene dialkyl sulphonamid, the latter be- 
ing liquid at ordinary temperatures 
and forming a jell at low temperatures. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Mixture of o- and p- tolu- 

ene dimethyl sulpho- 

NAMIC. . is cass ee ee 25 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 12 parts 


Acetone and alcohol 

Optional Constituents:—o- and p- tolu- 
ene methyl ethyl sulphonamid, o- and 
p- toluene diethyl sulphonamid, o- 
toluene dimethyl sulphonamid, o- 
toluene diethyl sulphonamid, mono- 
alkylated sulphonamid,  triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, mono-, 
di-, and tri methyl urea, mono-, di-, 
and tri ethyl urea. 


-Fausten, Alfons 


Applied—May 29, 1923 
Assigned—Deutsche-Sprengstoff Actien 
Ges. 
U. 8. P—1,512,751 
Issued—Oct. 21, 1924 
An acetyl cellulose composition is 
rendered durable while remaining non- 
inflammable, by the-addition of up to 
5% (by wt. of cellulose ester) of nitro 
cellulose. 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, acetic 
ether, alcohol, benzol, amyl alcohol. 


French, H. F. 

Applied—June 30, 1919 
Assigned—National Carbon Co. 
U.S.P—1,515,945 
Issued—Nov. 18, 1924 

A “celluloid lacquer” solution is used 
to cover the zinc container (electrode) 
of an electric dry cell. 


Schultze, E. 
Applied—July 26, 1921 
Assigned—American Can Co. 


a 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


U.S.P.—1,516,506 
Issued—Nov. 25, 1924 

A “celluloid lacquer” is used as an 
adhesive in attaching celluloid to 
painted surfaces. 


Donohue, J. M. 

Filed—October 13, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,518,396 
Issued—December 9, 1924 

A cellulose ether film is coated on 
both sides with a dilute solution of 
nitrocellulose in acetone, in order to 
form films which maintain their flexi- 
bility after prolonged heating thereof 
at 65° C, 


Stinchfield, Ray L. 
Applied—June 8, 1922 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P —1,518,417 
Issued—Deec. 9, 1924 
A composition consisting of a cellu- 


lose ether and a mixture of benzol and 


methyl alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ............. 1 part 
- Methyl alcohol... 70 parts 5 : 
PICT ZOM cw eis s.0 30 parts rt 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene. 


Tesse, T. F. 
Applied—Oct. 4, 1916 
Assigned—Societé Nauton Freres and 
De Marsac. 
US.P.—1,521,055 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1924 
A “dope” composition consisting of 
a cellulose ester, a high boiling liquid, 
a volatile liquid and a fine metallic 
powder. : 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate..... 70 gs. 

ROTOUG: as cd osc =: - 11 és, { 100 Ke 
Uo SOS SR a a 2-5 kg 
Aluminum powder .......... 2-3 kg. 
ENE gS a 2 kg. 
Peetiy! BICONO! .. 0s... see 2 kg. 
i a 1-2 kg. 


Optional Constituents:—Methy] acetate, 
earvacrol, carvol, eugenol, iso eugenol, 
aceto acetic ether, bronze powder, cop- 
per powder. 


115 


Tesse, T. F. 

Applied—Deec. 11, 1920 
U.S.P—1,521,056 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1924 

A coating composition comprising a 
cellulose ester, a volatile solvent boil- 
ing not much below 200° C. as a plas- 
ticizer, a liquid boiling not much 
below 100° C. capable of preventing 
the precipitation of the cellulose ester 
during evaporation of the precipita- 
tion of the cellulose ester during 
evaporation of the solvent, together 
with metallic flake-form aluminum 


powder. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate .......... 8 kg. 
RCCLONG 2 tunis aire © 92 kg. 
PADCROSING. eh tGe Mteies ah 2— 5 kg. 
Gare Olam Ne ek ahah. Lc 2— 3 kg. 
plete COtLiabee o cncss sei biake bike bie « ton 2) Kee 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetate, 
eugenol, isoeugenol, pyridine, carvacrol, 
aceto acetic ether, benzylic alcohol, 
copper powder, bronze powder, alumi- 
num powder, Turnbull’s blue, burnt 
sienna. 


Bohan, Frank J. 
Applied—March 22, 1923 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,521,859 
Issued—Jan. 6, 1925 

An inexpensive, transparent compo- 

sition consisting of nitro cellulose and 
a mixture of ethyl methyl ketone, 
ethyl alcohol and benzol. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl methyl ketone. 30% 
Ethyl alcohol’? 2.72." 20% | 1 gal. 
Benzo as 50% 
Nitrocellulose?.Wos. <. 20. foe ae 1 |b. 


Young, Gerald 
Applied—April 11, 1923 
U.S.P.—1,522,852 
Issued—Jan. 18, 1925 

Ethylene glycol diacetate is a good 

high boiling solvent for cellulose ace- 
tate (and nitro cellulose). 

Optional Constituents:—Acetone. 


Feith, John and Ziegler, John W. 
Applied—April 6, 1923 
Assigned—James Clarence Patten 


116 


USP.—1,523,476 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1925 

Method of preparing a _ cupro- 
ammonium cellulose solution which 
can serve as basic for films, artificial 
leather and other plastics. 


Dreyfus, Henry 
Applied—Oct. 13, 1921 
US.P—1,528,291 
Issued—March 38, 1925 

A plastic mass is obtained by dry 

heating together cellulose acetate and 
a plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate (finely 


Ground) sacctesaccors 100 parts 
Isomeric xylene-o-mono- 

methyl sulphonamide. 30- 40 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ... 6 8 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate, pigments, dyes, mono-, di-, tri 
methyl urea, mono-, di-, tri ethyl urea. 


Ellis, Carleton 
Applied—Jan. 4, 1924 
U.S.P.—1,529,056 
Issued—March 10, 1925 
A nitrocellulose lacquer containing 
synthetic resins. 


Type Formula: 


Nitro cellulose (low 
WistOsity) one se cue Homes 5 parts wt 
Phthalic glyceride rosin 

BECET ii lide women 5 parts wt. 
Blown rape oil ........ 7 parts 
Prussian blue ......... 1% parts 
Solvents (composite) .. 60 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Urea and its 
derivatives, amines, magnesium lactate, 
zinc oxide, basic pigments, castor oil, 
nitrated castor oil, blown rape oil, 
camphor, camphor acetate, diethyl 
phthalate, acetanilid, triacetin, tri- 
phenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, 
dammar, shellac, cellulose acetate, cel- 
lulose ethers, acetone, methyl acetone, 
methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, 
ethyl acetate, ethyl formate, butyl 
alcohol, amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, 
diacetone alcohol, ethyl carbonate, 
furfural, benzene, toluol, xylol, solvent 
naphtha, carbon tetrachloride, trichlor- 
ethylene, petroleum spirits. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Dreyfus, Henry 

Applied—March 13, 1923 
U.S.P.—1,530,987 
Issued—March 24, 1925 

A composition containing cellulose 
acetate and a mixture of isomeric 
xylene low carbon dialkyl sulphon- 
amids (containing at least one ethyl 
group). 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........... 100 kg 
Mixture of isomeric xylene 

diethyl sulphonamids ..... 25 kg. 
Tricresyl phosphate ......... 12 kg. 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, methyl 
acetate, ethyl acetate, mixtures of iso- 
meric xylene methyl ethyl sulphon- 
amids, monoalkyl sulphonamids, tri- 
phenyl phosphate, mono-, di-, and tri 
methyl urea, mono-, di-, and tri ethyl 
urea, 


Hoffman, Jacob S. 
Applied—June 7, 1921 
US.P.—1,533,598 
Issued—April 14, 1925 

A composition for impregnating 

woven fabrics (soft collars, etc.), con- 
sisting of celluloid dissolved in amyl 
acetate and formaldehyde. Such a 
composition forms a waterproof re- 
silient filling for the fibers as contra- 
distinguished from a mere filmy var- 
nish or coating on the surface of the 
fabric. 


Type Formula: 


Celluloid (finely divided, 

dry)”. sss ace pk oe 20 parts 
Amyl acetate .........:.00. 60 parts 
Formaldehyde (40% aque- 

OUS)... «ise «5 0'sete ke 40 parts 


Shipley, Stanley & Given, Guy 
Applied—June 24, 1924 
Assigned—Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,533,616 
Issued—April 14, 1925 

A composition comprising nitro cel- 
lulose, ethyl glycol, a non-solvent 
hydrocarbon diluent and other com- 
mon ingredients. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Witrocelllose 6... 0.0. s. ee ces 1 |b. 
Pot VE aetna gel Aa 1% lbs. 
Bthyl eiycol .......5% 35% 
DOneeOGs cs. c.e ss se. 10% 
MOTELETION. coche cones: 3 » 15% 
oe VICE ee eh ca nes 10% + 7 ‘lbs. 
Gasolene *.....-...... 10% 
Butyl Bicol <5. 45.5 10% 
Alcohol (denatured).. 10% 


Optional Constituents:—Propyl alcohol, 
butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, amyl ace- 
tate, butyl acetate, ethyl acetate. 


Lindsay, Wm. G. 
Applied—March 22, 1923 
Assigned—The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,534,651 
Issued—April 21, 1925 

A composition containing a cellulose 

ester or ether and a compound that 
takes up heat in decomposing and 
which renders the composition non- 
inflammable. 

Type Formula: 


SPORE VIII ale Vales nctce vce os 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 75 parts 
Calcium sulphate ......... 125 parts 


Optional Constituents: — Hexachloreth- 
ane, oxamid. Naturally occurring: 
alophane, colemanite, chrysocolla, 
ulexite, vivianite, wavellite, synthetic 
ulexite and synthetic colemanite. 
Aluminium fluoride, aluminum phos- 
phate, aluminum hydrate, basic alu- 
minum acetate, berillium acid phos- 
phate, boric acid, calcium phosphate, 
calcium sulphate, calcium tartrate, cal- 
cium citrate, calcium borate, hydrazine 
sulphate, lithium phosphate, mag- 
nesium phosphate, magnesium oxy- 
chloride, magnesium sulphate, nickel 
phosphate, zine oxychloride, aluminum 
oxychloride, ammonium oxalate, am- 
monium aluminum fluoride. 


Pitman, Earle C. 

Applied—Dec. 13, 1922 

Assigned—E, I. du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 

US.P.—1,535,438 

Issued—April 28, 1925 
The process of reducing the viscosity 

of pyro powder which comprises heat- 

ing said powder in the undissolved 


117 


state in contact with a liquid which is 
practically a non-solvent for said 
powder and which contains an alkaline 
substance of less denitrating power 
than that of calcium sulphide and con- 
tinuing the heating until the desired 
reduction of viscosity has occurred. 


Bader, W. & Dickie, W. A. 
Applied—Feb. 14, 1923 
Assigned—American 

Chemical Mfg. 
US.P.—1,536,052 
Issued—May 5, 1925 

Trichlorotertiary butyl alcohol is 
recommended as a plasticizer for use 
In non-inflammable cellulose acetate 
compositions. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose and 


Cellulose acetate ...... 100 parts 
Trichlorotertiary butyl 

fLCOnOE ee ee 10 parts 
ADCEONGS Sontag fee | 500-900 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, tri- 
phenyl phosphate, methyl acetate. 


Lindsay, ‘W. G. 
Filed—April 22, 1918 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,538,858 
Issued—May 9, 1925 

A composition of matter consisting 

of nitrocellulose and a large amount 
of tricresyl phosphate, the latter mak- 
ing addition of an oil unnecessary. 
This composition is used for stiffening 
fabric. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ......... 100 parts 
Tricresylphosphate ..... 140 parts 
PROLOG rate het e small amount 


Optional Constituents:—Alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

Filed—April 24, 1922 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,538,859 
Issued—May 19, 1925 

A plastic composition whose inflam- 
mability is reduced by the addition of 
an endothermic compound (aluminum 
phosphate) which decomposes upon 
heating. 


118 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Pron yiin cpu seta boc 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ....... 75 parts 
Aluminum phosphate ..... 125 parts 


Usual ingredients 

Optional Constituents :—Acety] cellulose, 
cellulose ethers, methyl alcohol, ethyl 
alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone, amyl 
acetate. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—March 29, 1923 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,538,860 
Issued—May 19, 1925 

A plastic cellulose composition whose 

inflammability is reduced by the addi- 
tion of magnesium di-hydrogen pyro- 
antimonate or similar compound which 
at raised temperature is decomposed 
endothermically. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ...4...... 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate .... 10+ 30 parts 
Magnesium dihydro py- 
roantimonate ....-... 30 70 parts 
Usual solvents 
Optional Constituents:— 
Triphenyl Tribenzylphosphate 
phosphate Acetyl] cellulose 
Aluminum aa Methy] cellulose 
Calcium ae Ethyl] cellulose 
Zine Ethyl acetate 
Methyl alcohol Acetone 
Ethy] alcohol 
Amy] acetate 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—July 2, 1923 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P—1,538,861 
Issued—May 19, 1925 

A pyroxylin composition containing 

secondary butyl acetate, as a _plas- 
ticizer. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxyliio oa ewe 100 parts 
Urea ss ih kc eer tea eae 1 part 
Camphoticasn tis anaes 10- 30 parts 


Secondary butyl acetate. 25-200 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, methyl al- 
cohol, acetone, ethyl methyl ketone, 
methyl acetone, secondary butyl pro- 
pionate, secondary butyl butyrate, 
secondary butyl ester of caproic acid. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—Aug. 6, 1924 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S.P.—1,538,862 
Issued—May 19, 1925 

A cellulose composition whose in- 

flammability is reduced by the pres- 
ence of cerium oxalate or carbonate, a 
compound which absorbs heat in de- 
composing at high temperature. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin sees eae ae 100 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ..... 60- 80 parts 
Cerium oxalate ......... 50-150 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acety] cellulose, 
cellulose ethers, methyl alcohol, ethyl 
alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone, amyl 
acetate. 


Clarke, H. T. 
Filed—June 16, 1924 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,548,932 
Issued—Aug. 11, 1925 

A composition which may be used 

for the production vf films, plastics, 
varnishes, etc., containing pentery- 
thritol tetracetate as a_ plasticizing 
agent. 

Type Formula: 


’ Cellulose acetate ...... 100 parts 
Penterythritol tetrace- 
tate .05)s5.<y saeco 20 parts 
Acetoné:uii.cscen eee 300-400 parts 
Butyl, aleohol se. ae 10 parts 
Optional Constitwents:—Benzol, ethyl 


alcohol, methyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, 
amyl alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tri- 
cresyl phosphate, monochlornaphtha- 
lene. 


Clarke, H. T. 
Filed—June 16, 1924 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,548,933 
Issued—Aug. ‘11, 1925 

A composition similar in most re- 

spects to that described in USP. 
1,548,932, above, except that cellulose 
ether is used. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 100 parts 
Penterythritol tetracetate. 20 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 30 parts 
Methyl acetate ........... 270 parts 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, ethyl 
alcohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- 
thalene, etc. 


Farrow, E. S., Jr. 
Filed—July 7, 1922 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. P.—1,548,938 
Issued—Aug. 11, 1925 
A composition composed of a cellu- 
lose ether dissolved in a mixture of 
methyl alcohol and methyl acetate, 
suitable for the manufacture of plas- 
tics, films, etc. Acetanilid is added to 
reduce the viscosity of the solution. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1. part 
Methyl acetate .......... 5.4 parts 
. Methyl alcohol .......... 6 part 
TCE AG Be a 08 part 


Carroll, S. J. 
Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. 8. P.—1,552,792 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition comprising cellulose 

ether dissolved in resorcinol diacetate 
and a lower monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol, suitable for the manufacture 
of plastics, films, varnishes, etc. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............. 2 parts 
Resorcinol diacetate ........ 7 parts 
PIeUy) SICOHOl” o.oo a es 7 parts 


Carroll, S. J. 

Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 

Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 

U. S. P.—1,552,793 

Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A film comprising cellulose ether and 

resorcinol, which serves as a stabilizer. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 20 parts 
PECPOINO We cre sc se eee ees 2 parts 
Meetayl Acetate .....0..5.. 126 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, etc. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Filed—March 7, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 


119 


U.S.P.—1,552,794 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1925 
A composition of matter suitable for 

the production of films, varnishes, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether, and ethyl 
acetanilid dissolved in a volatile com- 
mon solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 20 parts 
Ethyl acetanilid .........- 2 parts 
Methviracetates ounce ws eens 126 parts 
Methyl-alcohol, 24.6. ..0% . 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, etc. 


Clarke, H. T. 
Filed—June 16, 1924 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,795 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition suitable for the pro- 

duction of films, varnishes, etc., com- 
prising a cellulose ester, and pentery- 
thritol tetracetate dissolved in a com- 
mon solvent. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate .......... 100 parts 
Penterythritol tetracetate.. 30 parts 
Methyl alcohol 4.-¥..-4.-. 200 parts 
Acetone htc as viedo 200 parts 
Butyl sisonol ae weno nets 25 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Benzol, ethyl 


alcohol, amyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, monochlornaphthalene, cam- 
phor, cellulose acetate. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 8, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,796 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 

the production of varnishes and _ lac- 
quers, comprising cellulose ether dis- 
solved in a mixture of ethyl lactate 
and a lower monohydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 1 part 
Bthylilactater as)<ch. tan ue 3% parts 
Methylialeohol.c.. aides 3% parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 


120 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


monochlornaphthalene, ethyl, propyl, 


butyl, and amyl alcohols. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,552,797 
Tesued—Sept: 8, 1925 
A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of benzol and acetone. 
Type Formula: 


Cellutose: ether ig sass es 1 part 
BenzOl coy ceek es epee 4.7 parts 
AOCtONG cease awe ese 1.3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Tripheny] phos- 
phate, tricresyl] phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, ete. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,552,798 
Issued Sept. 8, 1925 
A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, dopes, 
etc., comprising cellulose ether dis- 
solved in a mixture of an aliphatic 
halide derivative of toluene and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ‘ether Gi 000. Wa <> 1 part 
Bengal chlorite sy5..44'5. ses 3 parts 
Methyl] alcohol ............- 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Benzo _trichlo- 
ride, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, 
benzal bromide, benzo _ tribromide, 
butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, ethyl al- 
cohol, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- 
thalene. 

Donohue, J. M. 

Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,552,799 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol and a bromo-nucleo 
substitution product of one of the 
group benzene and its homologues. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............- 1 part 
Mono brom benzene ..-..... 3 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......-..ss0s 3 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Dibrom ben- 


zene, mono brom toluene, dibrom tolu- 
ene, triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl 
phosphate, camphor, monochlornaph- 
thalene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,800 
Issued Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 

the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of acetyl acetone and a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. 
Acetyl acetone also acts to some ex- 
tent as a plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose: ether ..2...es. e048 1 part 
Acetyl acetone .....+...ee0- 3 parts 
Methyl alcohol ..casuseeeuee 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 © 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,552,801 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 
A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of hexyl acetate and a lower 
monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol. Hexyl 
acetate also imparts plasticizing prop- 
- erties. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ......... coe Pas OBFe 
Hexyl acetate ......seayaaeks 3 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... .. 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co, 


Se ee) ES SR, a eee aN Cr eee i 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 121 


U.S.P.—1,552,802 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol and carvone, the 
latter also imparting plasticizing prop- 
erties to the composition. 
Type Formula: 


Celniose ther ............ 1 part 
OP WOGR I eins s saws esa es 6s 3 parts 
MistHVr AMICON! 5 6s... 5... 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, camphor, 
monochlornaphthalene, butyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 23, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,803 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether, and an 
acetic acid ester of a polyhydroxy ben- 
zene—which serves as a stabilizer— 
dissolved in a volatile common solvent. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 20 parts 
Hydroquinone diacetate... 2 parts 
Methyl acetate .......-... 126 parts 
Methyl alcohol ........... 14 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Tripheny] phos- 
phate, tricresyl . phosphate, cam- 
phor, monochlornaphthalene, pyrogal- 
lol monoacetate, pyrogallol diacetate, 
resorcinol monoacetate, resorcinol 
diacetate, catechol monoacetate, cat- 
echol diacetate, hydroxyquinol mono- 
acetate, hydroxyquinol diacetate, 
hydroquinone monoacetate. 


Donohue, J. M. 
Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,804 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, var- 
nishes, etc., comprising cellulose ether 
dissolved in a mixture of a lower 
monohydroxy] aliphatic alcohol and a 
butyric acid ester of a monohydroxy 


Optional 


aliphatic alcohol, having more than 2 
and less than 6 carbon atoms, the 
latter compound also serving as a 
plasticizer. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ............. 1 part 
Tsoaniy|* butyrate ..0.5 00... 3 parts 
NLStSORIGONOI To sane 3 parts 


Constituents:—Propyl buty- 
rates, butyl butyrates, amyl butyrates, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlornaphtha- 
lene, butyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 


Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,805 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of a lower monohydroxy 
aliphatic alcohol and a carbonic acid 
ester of a lower monhydroxy aliphatic 
alcohol, the latter compound also im- 
parting plasticizing properties. 


Type Formula: 


Celulose: ether-s.57 ee 1 part 
Ethyl carbonate’ ....:00.2... 3 parts 
Methyl sleohol ete; seu 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl carbon- 


ate, propyl carbonate, butyl carbonate, 
amyl carbonate, triphenyl phosphate, 
tricresyl carbonate, camphor, mono- 
chlornaphthalene, ethyl alcohol, propyl 
alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol. 


Donohue, J. M. 


Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,806 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of plastics, films, etc., 
comprising cellulose ether dissolved in 
a mixture of a formic acid ester of a 
lower monohydroxy aliphatic alcohol 
and a common solvent which brings 
out the latent solvent power of said 
ester. The ester also imparts plastic- 
izing properties to the composition. 


122 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose ether ............. 1 part 
Methyl dormate*.> Gadsevene: 3 parts 
Methy! alcohol 2.0.50. 02545 3 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, acetone, 
ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl 
alcohol, ethyl formate, propyl formate, 
butyl formate, triphenyl phosphate, 
tricresyl phosphate, camphor, mono- 
chlornaphthalene. 


Sulzer, A. F. 
Filed—Dec. 7, 1921 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,552,808 
Issued September 8, 1925 

Aeroplane fabrics coated with cellu- 

lose ether dopes are highly resistant 
to becoming brittle at low tempera- 
tures, said coating comprising a layer 
directly on the fabric containing sub- 
stantially no plasticizers, and having 
thereon successive layers of cellulose 
ether containing substantial amounts 
of a plasticizer. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ...........+ 10 parts 
Ethyl alcohol (den.) ....... 33 parts 
BENZOl 23 acd ce esc eiee 7 parts 
Tricresyl phosphate ........ 2 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, camphor, monochlorbenzol. 


Bacon, G. C. 
Filed—June 20, 1922 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,553,494 
Issued—Sept. 15, 1925 
The viscosity of nitrocellulose com- 
pounds is reduced by subjecting the 
nitrocellulose to the action of heat in 
the presence of a liquid of low solvent 
power, said nitrocellulose being ren- 
dered soluble in such liquid by heating. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
benzol. 


Bacon, G. C. 

Filed—June 20, 1922 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S.P.—1,553,495 
Issued Sept. 15, 1925 

The viscosity of nitrocellulose is re- 
duced by embedding the nitrocellulose 
in a body of substantially dry protect- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


ing and heat transmitting material 
and then subjecting the whole to the 
action of heat above 60° C. 


Johnson, W. M. 
Filed—Feb. 10, 1925 
U.S.P.—1,554,505 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1925 

A plastic non-inflammable _ nitro- 

cellulose composition. Calcium chlo- 
ride, sodium acetate, and aluminum 
sulphate, when heated give off a non- 
inflammable gas; the sodium borate 
serves as a dehydrating agent. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........... ..-- 10 parts 
Calcium chloride .. 2 parts 
Aluminum sulphate 1 part ete a 
Sodium acetate.... 1 part Pee 
Sodium borate..... 1 part 
Alcohol 
Camphor 


Optional Constituents:—Alum. 


Farrington, V. L. & Alderman, E. T. 
Filed—June 14, 1922 
U.S.P.—1,556,512 
Issued—October 6, 1925 

A composition for 
cementing films. 

Type Formula: 


coating and 


Nitrocellulose... twee 100 parts 

Acetone v.40 y esa eee 200 parts 

Ether ©. )..ie. santo ee 100 parts 

Amy] acetate ee.5 ee 200 parts 

Ethyl alcohol (den.) ...... 200 parts 
Maze, A. E, 


Filed—March 27, 1924 
Assigned to Ellis-Foster Co. 
U.S.P.—1,558,446 
Issued October 20, 1925 

The process of making a nitrocellu- 
lose solvent from wood tar oil which 
comprises agitating a distillate thereof, 
boiling up to 130° C., with bleaching 
powder. . 


Taylor, C. M. 

Filed Jan. 10, 1922 
US.P.—1,562,383 
Issued Nov. 17, 1925 

A floor covering comprising an as- 
phalt impregnated felt base enclosed 
in a coating of cellulose ester, pre- 
pared as indicated below. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


MiGPOCENUIOSE 98s. oss. ee ees 12 parts 
A eS a ar 88 parts 
RS oe cgi ts os vo won ess 12 parts 
Vegetable Oil ie. .00. os. e.. 12 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Cumaron resin, 
linseed oil, acetone oil, solvent 
naphtha, xylol, toluol, benzol, cellulose 
acetate. 


Taylor, C. M. 
Filed—Jan. 10, 1922 
US.P.—1,562,385 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 
The process of making floor cover- 
ings which comprises treating a felt 
base, which has been thoroughly satu- 
rated throughout by coating it with a 
first coating of a solution of nitrocel- 
lulose, drying said coating, applying to 
said dried surface a coat of paint, and 
applying a second and transparent 
coating of a solution of nitrocellulose. 
Type Formula: 


mritrocelluloser®. 20.80 0h0.0.. 10 parts 
PACELOME TON . aks. cc sa 00s 31 parts 
Solvent naphtha ........... 59 parts 
hn oe) 10 parts 
ROTINTOMID Sta otic eae eo cis 12 parts 
Pigment 

Optional Constituents:—Xylol, toluol, 


benzol, cumaron, camphor. 


Taylor, C. M. 
Filed—Sept. 27, 1924 
US.P.—1,562,386 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 

A floor covering comprising a felt 

base impregnated with a flexible filling 
material, a coating of paint supported 
on said felt base, and an outer coating 
of a film of a cellulose ester. 

Type Formula: 


PMETOCCHINOSEG’* oc. se ae ees 20 parts 
PATE IOI fea ee ce es wee 30 parts 
Anhydrous ethyl alcohol.... 30 parts 
8 OE SO Se os 30 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, amyl 
acetate, butyl acetate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl 
phthalate. 


Taylor, C. M. 
Filed—October 21, 1925 


123 


US.P.—1,562,387 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1925 

A floor covering comprising a cellu- 
lose ester impregnated felt base of the 
smooth surface floor covering type 
coated with a film of a mixture of 
nitrocellulose and a resin. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose 0 55etee ace 10 parts 
ACSLOMGL OUP Le. ete ece eee 31 parts 
Dolvent: naphthawws<. ccs: 49 parts 
Linseed: oilp4y'c, 22.6. eee 30 parts 
CUIIATOR? ass Welt oz Ree 5 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, xylol, toluol, benzol, kauri, 
camphor. 


Cunninghan, C. L. 
Filed—Aug. 14, 1924 
U.S.P.—1,562,544 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1925 
A penetrative ink, stain or dye for 
lacquered surfaces. 
Type Formula: 


Absohite aleonola.2....00. 2 parts 
Diethyl phthalate .......... 1 part 
Kipyl lactate vo, s ae nck «2 J 1¢). parts 


Coloring matter 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl] oxalate. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Filed—Jan. 11, 1921 
US.P.—1,563,204 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 

the production of plastics, films, lac- 
quers, etc., comprising an aralkyl ether 
of cellulose and oily bodies which are 
formed when acetylene is caused to act 
upon the higher boiling portions of 
coal tar oil, in the presence of 
aluminum chloride. 

Type Formula: 


Celluloseiether > aes <a ceweers 10 parts 
Benzene. es see es 60 parts 
Alcobolaat s,s. stocnn Gees ies 30 parts 
Oils (mentioned above).... 10 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Benzyl  cellu- 


lose, ethyl starch, benzyl starch, pig- 
ments. 

See also German Patent 357,787, 
Austrian Patent 90,010, English Patent 
149,319, French Patent 521,000, Italian 
Patent 210,536, Swiss Patent 54,449, 
Norw. Patent 37,755, Danish Patent 
29,621. 


124 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Filed—May 31, 1921 
US.P.—1,563,205 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1925 

An insulating material containing as 

essential constituents, an ether of a 
cellulosic body in admixture with an 
aromatic hydrocarbon plasticizing ma- 
terial which is a non-conductor of 
electricity. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose ether ........... 600 parts 
Benzyl cresyl ether ....... 400 parts 
TPolUIENe LSU x eee Rn vc 1800 parts 
Ethyl alcohol .........«..: 200 parts 


Optional Constituents: — M-dixylyle- 
thane, benzene, nitrocellulose, cellulose 
formate, cellulose acetate, camphor, 
naphthalene, resins, phenol-aldehyde 
condensation products, oils, rubber, 
gutta-percha, balata, metallic resinates 
and oleates, waxes, paraffins, fats, 
methyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, 
formic acid, pyridin, quinolin, picolin, 
epi-chlorhydrin, acetone, pentachlo- 
rethane, nitrobenzene, ethyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, butyl acetate, tetrachlo- 
rethane, trichlor-ethylene, acetylene 
dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, chloro- 
form, xylene, nitrophenols, turpentine 
oil, phenyl-ethers. 


Gardner, H. A, 

Filed—April 7, 1925 
U.S.P.—1,564,664 
Issued—Dec, 8, 1925 

A composition of matter suitable for 
the production of lacquers, etc., com- 
prising a nitrocellulose compound and 
a toluene-sulfoamid resin, which acts 
as a solvent, plasticizer, and gloss 
additive agent and greatly improves 
the adherence properties of films. 


Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose aici cece tess 24 oz 
Solvent. «Civica ko aes sauce 1 gal 
Paratoluene sulfoamid-formal- 
dehyde resin. ..s.2.s5 e540 16 oz 
Ben RO). yaa te cole wee atic a 16 02 
Pigments 
Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl 


phosphate, camphor, butyl tartrate, 
butyl phthalate, castor oil, butyl ace- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


tate, ethyl acetate, acetone, absolute 
alcohol, toluol. 


Kocher, N. S. & Kimmel, V. E. 
Filed—Feb. 25, 1925 
U.S.P.—1,564,689 
Issued—Dec. 8, 1925 

The viscosity of nitrocellulose is re- 

duced by heating with a solution of 
mineral acid containing a chlorate of 
an alkali metal. 

Optional Constituents:—Potassium chlo- 
rate, butyl alcohol, camphor. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Filed—April 22, 1925 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,572,232 
Issued—Feb. 9, 1926 

A transparent film comprising cellu- 

lose acetate and sufficient tributyrin to 
maintain flexibility therein after pro- 
longed heating at 65° C. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........- 100 parts 
Acetone... 3.06: nee 400 parts 
Tributyrin: “2... ule 30 parts 


Beausejour, Reme A, 
Filed—Aug. 19, 1925 
Assigned—Standard Varnish Works. 
US.P.—1,572,461 
Issued—Feb. 9, 1926 

An improved method of applying 

cellulose ester lacquers, which com- 
prices floating a layer of the cellulose 
lacquer on a body of greater density 
which is substantially immiscible with 
the lacquer and dipping the object to 
be coated through the floating layer of 
cellulose ester lacquer. ; 


Malone, L. J. & Carroll, S. J. 
Filed—Aug. 2, 1920 
Assigned—Eastman Kodak Co. 
US.P.—1,575,778 
Issued—March 9, 1926 

A transparent flexible flowed cellu- 
losic film containing. castor oil and 
in which the cellulosic material con- 
sists entirely of acetone-soluble cellu- 
ose acetate. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 100 parts 
RUE el ers chews ann « 300 parts 
PRBCOPT ORL gh on sics soe 1- 4 parts 
Methyl salicylate ...... 10-30 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
tricresyl phosphate, acetylene tetra- 
chloride. 


Carroll, S. J. 
Filed—July 9, 1924 
Assigned—To Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S.P.—1,580,189 
Issued—April 13, 1926 
A film forming composition sub- 
stantially free from camphor or cam- 
phor substitutes, containing chlori- 
nated derivatives of the cyclic hydro- 
carbons CmHn+s and their homologues, 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........ 100 parts 
Butyl alcohol ......... 40 parts 
Monochlornaphthalene 20 parts 
Methyl alcohol ....... 300-450 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, ace- 
tone, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, 
tetrachlornaphthalene. 


Taylor, Arnold M. 

Buote, Frank A. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Company. 
U. 8. Patent—1,582,705 
Filed—March 11, 1925 
Issued—April 27, 1926 

A floor putty suitable for use under 

pyroxylin finishing compositions having 
a composition similar to that indicated 
below. 

Type Formula: 


PVTITOCEIIUORE 60.0. se. ees 10 parts 
a 7, or 48 parts 
Vegetable oil ..’............ 36 parts 
ON Moyet 100 parts 


Sheppard, Samuel E. 
Schmitt, John J. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S. Patent—1,583,703 
Filed—March 18, 1925 
Issued—May 4, 1926 
A coating composition containing 
nitrocellulose and hard rubber. 


Optional Constituents: —Copal resin, 


125 


Pontianak, kauri, Manila, Zanzibar, 
Dammar resin, rosin, China wood oil, 
benzene hydrocarbons, benzol, coal tar 
naphtha, ethyl acetate, pigments, 
asphaltum. 


Webb, William R. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,583,709 
Filed—June 20, 1925 
Issued—May 4, 1926 

A composition of matter comprising 

colloidized cellulose ether and sufficient 
alkali to give the composition an alka- 
linity in excess of pH;, and a common 
solvent of the ether and alkali. 

Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose .......... 100 parts 
Benroly atin ion viecas eee 165 parts 
10% solution of alcoholic 
potassium or sodium hy- 
GUORIUG vere coe Gees ae Te 1 part 


Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, monochlor- 
naphthalene, camphor. 


Branchen, Leonard E. ' 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,588,089 

’ Filed—September 1, 1925 
Issued—June 8, 1926 
The process of treating nitrocellulose 
which comprises first softening it with 
a penetrant liquid to make it more 
susceptible to subsequent treatment 
and thereafter acting on it separately 
with an aqueous acid solution until 
the viscosity characteristics of the 
nitrocellulose are reduced. 

Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
sulphuric acid, nitric acid. 


Littmann, Edwin R. 
Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- 
poration. 
U. S. Patent—1,589,608 
Filed—October 17, 1925 
Issued—June 22, 1926 
The use of normal tributyl phos- 
phate as a plasticizer in nitrocellulose 
compositions is recommended. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocelluloséitscau tbe 8 oz. 
Normal tributyl phosphate.... 4 oz. 
Guts). ees ea etie kee ee 8 oz. 


126 


Type Formula—Continued: 


Bethy) westate (256.0 cen neers 1 qt. 
Bivtyi anetated.s sce. sina 1 qt. 
FROREO tic! . coa'n Shas Ce ie 1 qt. 
Total jaja ae eee one Oe eee Teat. 


Optional Constituents:—Kauri, dammar, 
shellac and ester gums, butyl propion- 
ate. 


Immerheiser, Carl 

Neubauer, Carl 

Scharf, Erwin 
Assigned to Badische Anilin and Soda- 

Fabrik 
U. S. Patent—1,589,700 
Filed—November 29, 1924 
Issued—June 22, 1926 

A coating composition comprising a 
cellulose ester solution containing a 
coloring matter substantially insoluble 
in the solvent, but in a highly dis- 
persed non-settling condition, and a 
coloring matter soluble in the solvent 
which coating in thin layers is sub- 
stantially transparent. 

Optional Constituents:—Camphor, cellu- 
loid, cellulose acetate, azo or vat col- 
oring matters, amyl acetate, butyl ace- 
tate, acetone, methyl cyclohexanone. 


Ellis, Carleton 
Assigned to Ellis-Foster Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,590,156 
Filed—March 27, 1924 
Issued—June 22, 1926 
Certain wood tar oil distillates are 
claimed to yield solutions which are of 
a lower viscosity than is the case when 
acetone is the solvent. 
Type Formula: 
Heat-treated low viscosity 


soluble. cotton “4.355. 20-40 parts 
Synthetic resin ......... 30-50 parts 
Diethylphthalate ....... 5-10 parts 
Wood tar oil distillate... 110 parts 
Denatured alcohol ...... 55 parts 
Berngor ys Oe ee eee 55 parts 
Prussian’ bilge oe 2 2 8 parts 


Optional Constitwents:—Rosin, phthalic 
glyceride, boiled or blown oils, rape- 
seed oil, castor oil, camphor, triphenyl 
phosphate. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Tesse, Theodore Francois. 
Assigned to Societe Nauton & de 
Marsac 
U. S. Patent—1,590,782 
Filed—June 24, 1918 
Issued—June 29, 1926 
A translucent flexible aeroplane fab- 
ric dope containing as the inert mate- 
rials, oxides and hydroxides of the 
earth metals, more particularly of alu- 
minium hydroxide produced in a spe- 
cial manner. The remainder of the 
composition is similar to that described 
in U. S. Patents 1,521,055, 1,521,056, 
and 1,426,521. 


Brown, Bruce K. 
Bogin, Charles 
Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- 
poration 
U. S. Patent—1,591,652 
Filed—October 14, 1925 
Issued—July 6, 1926 
A composition of matter comprising 
cellulose acetate and a polyvalent me- 
tallic salt of an alkyl half ester of 
phthalic acid. 
Type Formula: 
Acetone—soluble cellulose 


acetate -...<bese osteo 16 oz. 
Acetone: «.. siege reece ares 3.2 qts. 
Diacetone alcohol.......... 8 qts. 
Copper butyl phthalate.. 16 oz. 


Optional Constituents: Lend butyl 
phthalate, lead amyl phthalate, lead 
propyl phthalate, lead ethyl phthalate, 
and similar compounds of polyvalent 
metals such as cadmium, iron man- 
ganese, nickel, cobalt, etc.; tetrachlor- 
ethane, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, 
butyl lactate, dibutyl phthalate, pig- 
ments, dyes, ete. 


Campion, Paul 
Assigned to A. B. Dick Co. 
U. 8S. Patent—1,592,338 
Filed—December 12, 1921 
Issued—July 18, 1926 
A type-impressible stencil-sheet hav- 
ing a base such as Japanese Yoshino 
coated with a homogeneous substance 
including collodion and a suitable oil. 
Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, par- 
affin, ceresine wax. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Campion, Paul 
Assigned to A. B. Dick Company 
U. S. Patent—1,592,340 
Filed—December 12, 1921 
Issued—July 13, 1926 

A type-impressible stencil-sheet hav- 

ing a base such as Japanese Yoshino 
coated with a substance including cel- 
luloid and a suitable oil such as castor 
oil. 

Optional Constituents :—Paraffin, ceresine 
wax. 


Horan, Charles 
U. 8. Patent—1,594,201 
Filed—February 12, 1923 
Issued—July 27, 1926 
A non-inflammable composition hav- 
ing high electrical resistance. 


Type Formula: 


ORCL Ceti oy Go TAR So 88% 
Ammonium phosphate......... 10% 
ROTEIPGA TAN OL ccfoicaieiccisie ie cve's os os 27% 


Optional Constituents:—Alum. 


Hinze, Albert 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,594,521 
Filed—March 13, 1922 
Issued—August 3, 1926 
A filler composition for wood and 
metal comprising silex, a soft oleo- 
resin, nitrocellulose, and a volatile sol- 
vent of the resin and nitrocellulose. 


Type Formula: 


SRS OE 55% 
RIP UIIN ee oon ee nce s 10% 
COE 10% 
Oe 23.57% 
Mierpcellulose .: 2 ...<6-...+-- 1.5% 


Optional Constituents:—Resin ester gum, 
balsam, ethyl acetate, gasoline, solvent 
naphtha, denatured alcohol, pigments, 
zine oxide. 


Horii, Shinjiro 
U. S. Patent—1,594,525 
Filed—December 3, 1925 
Issued—August 3, 1926 
A coating composition used in the 
preparation of stencil sheets. 


127 
Type Formula: 
Parts by weight 
Nitrocellulose ..:.......: 5 
ANY eAlCOnGl (tates fa: 30 
Acetone 1... ete ents a 15 
Wi otis Ole eeu tos oe. 15 
Naphtheniec acids ....... 10 
JAPA WANs tens her ee ean 5 


Optional Constituents:— Ethyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, fatty acids, fatty oils, 
fats, waxes, castor oil, ceresine. 


Griffin, Frank B. 
U. S. Patent—1,596,965 
Filed—December 31, 1923 
Issued—August 24, 1926 

A film cement particularly adapted 

to cementing inflammable moving pic- 
ture celluloid films. 

Type Formula: 


C6LLGNION Rea ao. tans 3 drams 
Acetic ether.“ ee % dram 
ALCOHOL eats tek Soe Y% dram 
Amy lS acetatewar tl cose: 6 4 drams 
Hitherto eee ae 1% dram 
AGRUONG 4 es ee eos Cee 10 drops 


Burke, Charles E. 
Kramer, Richard L. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,598,474 
Filed—September 18, 1924 
Issued—August 31, 1926 
The use of normal butyl nitrolactate 
as a colloiding agent for nitrocellulose 
is recommended. 


Webb, William R. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,598,949 
Filed—February 11, 1925 
Issued—September 7, 1926 
The process of treating nitrocellulosic 
material which comprises acting on the 
same with a bath containing water, 
acid and a penetrant organic liquid 
until the viscosity characteristics of 
the nitrocellulose are reduced. 
Optional Constitwents: — Hydrochloric 
acid, nitric acid, ethyl alcohol, butyl 
alcohol, methyl alcohol, camphor. 


128 


Kimmel, Victor E. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,598,972 
Filed—February 25, 1925 
Issued—September 7, 1926 
The process of treating nitrocellu- 
losic material which comprises acting 
thereon with a bath of hypochlorite 
until the viscosity characteristics of 
the nitrocellulose are reduced thereby. 
Optional Constituents:— Butyl alcohol, 
camphor. 


Lilienfeld, Leon 
U. 8. Patent—1,599,569 
Filed—January 3, 1923 
Issued—September 14, 1926 

A compound solvent for cellulose 

ethers, comprising a mixture of nitro- 
methane and a lower monohydroxy ali- 
phatic alcohol. 


Type Formula: 


Ethyl cellulose ......... 10 parts 
Nitromethane ........%:. 20-60 parts 
Methyl alcohol ......... 80-40 parts 


Optional Constituents:— Ethyl alcohol, 
isopropy] alcohol, propyl alcohol, buty] 
alcohols (normal, iso, and secondary), 
fusel oil. 


Schmidt, Otto 

Eichler, Theodor 

Seydel, Karl 
Assigned to I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
U. 8. Patent—1,600,700 
Filed—February 26, 1926 
Issued—September 21, 1926 

Esters formed from paraffin dicarbo- 

xylic acids, and hydroaromatic alcohols 
are claimed to be excellent plasticizers 
and solvents for cellulose esters. 


Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 2oone chs se sae 
Ethyl alounal 2. ete es 
Di-cyclo-hexyl oxalate... 5 parts 
Optional Constituents: — Di-cylo-hexyl 
succinate. 


Leonard, Guy 
U. S. Patent—1,607,090 
Filed—February. 26, 1926 
Issued—November 16, 1926 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


A composition suitable for use in 
preparing a stencil sheet. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate dissolved 
in acetone (8% solution) 100 parts 


Denatured alcohol ........ 40 parts 
Diethylphthalate ......... 30 parts 
Glycerings;. :pueueeen ees 8 parts 
Acetanilid: 2. seen 16 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetone, 
butyl alcohol, triphenylphosphate, tri- 
acetin, methyl alcohol, palm butter, 
stearic acid. 


Edbrook, Frederick George 
U. S. Patent—1,607,516 © 
Filed—July 11, 1923 
Issued—November 16, 1926 
A lacquer for shoe heels and sim- 
ilar materials. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........ 12 parts 
Acetone ..<s ae aneueeee 1152 parts 
Benzol. 3ii/sse0s eh 14 parts 
Benzyl aicohol.; A2e.e5ee 3 parts 
Alcohol. Jisvecet seen 7 parts 
Dichlorhydrin” 7.2.2. 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Lithopone. 


Hill, Edward W. 


Assigned to A. B. Dick Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,608,742 
Filed—December 3, 1923 
Issued—November 30, 1926 

A stencil-sheet coating which in- 
cludes a cellulose compound occluding 
or encasing a lubricant. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
amyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, 
petroleum oil, castor oil, oleic, acetic 
and stearic acids, chlorinated naph- 
thalene, acetanilid, carbon black, 
methylene blue. 


Hill, Edward W. 

Assigned to A. B. Dick Company 
U. S. Patent—1,608,743 
Filed—April 6, 1925 
Issued—November 30, 1926 

A type-impressible stencil sheet 
comprising a porous base having a 
coating including a fatty acid ester of 
cellulose, a lubricant and a tempering 
agent. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........ 20 grams 
TASS 400 grams 
Monogectine ioc c¢eakc... 75 grams 
Chlorinated naphthalene. . 5 grams 
Re UE OOLE P irene ss viascina's 6 5.0 13 grams 
Ca gv 2 grams 
VAN OME-I R12) 4:1: 10 grams 
Sulphonated castor oil.... 10 grams 


Optional Constitwents:— Dibutyl _ tar- 
trate, diamyl phthalate, diacetin, tri- 
acetin, rapeseed oil, olive oil, almond 
oil, peanut oil, sulphonated corn oil, 
phenyl salicylate, acetanilid, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, ortho- 
nitro-toluol. 


Parodi-Delfino, Leopoldo 
U. S. Patent—1,609,303 
Filed—September 22, 1925 
Issued—December 7, 1926 
Phthalide and its homologues are 
recommended as gelatinizing agents for 
nitrocellulose. 


Van Schaack, Robert H., Jr. 
U. S. Patent—1,612,669 
Filed—August 21, 1925 
Issued—December 28, 1926 

A composition of matter comprising 

a cellulose ester and a benzyl ester of 
a hydroxy fatty acid such as lactic 
acid. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........... 10 pounds 
VESTER ee 5 pounds 
Benzyl lactate..... weed. 5 pounds 
Denatured alcohol........ 20 pounds 
Preny) acetate ............ 20 pounds 
REM ICODOL cy occ bswee ese 20 pounds 
Muuyl acetate... ......... 20 pounds 
Ue ks ania vo « « 10 pounds 


Optional Constituents:—Benzy] tartrate, 
benzyl citrate, methanol, benzyl lac- 
tate, chlorbenzyl lactate, tolyl ricino- 
leate, cellulose acetate. 


Lindsay, William G. 

Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,616,910 
Filed—April 25, 1922 
Issued—February 8, 1927 

The use of lithium phosphate as an 
inflammability reducer, is recom- 
mended. 


Optional Constituents:— Ethyl 


129 


Davidson, Joseph G. 
Assigned to Carbide and Carbon Chem- 
icals Corporation 
U. S. Patent—1,617,237 
Filed—May 10, 1926 
Issued—February 8, 1927 
Bibenzyl is said to be an excellent 
plasticizer for nitrocellulose composi- 
tions. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ......... 100 parts 
“Medium boiler” solvent 

MIST oe, 10 to 20 parts 
Bipenzy] ) caus ce ote 10 to 80 parts 
ACGtONO EAH ay oe seis ad lib 


Optional Constituents:—Butyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, camphor. 


Shipley, Stanley 
Given, Guy C. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S. Patent—1,618, 481 
Filed—April 18, 1925 
Issued—February 22, 1927 
A coating composition comprising 
nitrocellulose, an alkyl ether of ethyl- 
ene glycol and a freely crystallizing 
organic body in said alkyl ether of 
ethylene glycol. 
glycol, 
methyl glycol, propyl glycol, butyl 
glycol, amyl glycol, benzol, toluol, 
xylol, gasoline, butyl alcohol, ethyl 
alcohol, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, 
propyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl 
lactate, di-ethyl carbonate, resin, zinc 
oxide, castor oil, camphor. 


Shipley, Stanley D. 

Given, Guy C. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,618,482 
Issued—February 22, 1927 
Filed—April 18, 1925 

A coating composition comprising 

nitrocellulose, a resin, a propyl ether 
of ethylene glycol, as a solvent for the 
nitrocellulose and resin, and a pigment 
miscible with said glycol. 

Optional Constituents:—Benzol, toluol, 
xylol, gasoline, butyl alcohol, ethyl 
alcohol, amyl alcohol, castor oil, cam- 
phor, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 


130 


butyl acetate, amyl acetate, resin, zinc 
oxide. 


Shipley, Stanley D. 

Given, Guy C. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,618,483 
Filed—April 18, 1925 
Issued—February 22, 1927 

A coating composition comprising 

nitrocellulose, a butyl ether of ethylene 
glycol, and a resin soluble in butyl 
ether of ethylene glycol. 

Optional Constituents:—Benzol, toluol, 
xylol, gasoline, ethyl alcohol, methyl 
alcohol, propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, 
amyl alcohol, linseed oil, soy bean oil, 
Chinese wood oil, ester gum, gum 
dammar, kauri. 


Shipley, Stanley D. 
Given, Guy C. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,618,484 
Filed—April 18, 1925 
Issued—February 22, 1927 
A coating composition containing 
nitrocellulose, amyl glycol, a pigment, 
and a resin soluble in amyl glycol. 
Optional Constituents:—Benzol, toluol, 
xylol, gasoline, solvent naphtha, butyl 
alcohol, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
methyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl 
acetate, amyl acetate, linseed oil, cas- 
tor oil, camphor. 


Lindsay, William G. 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,620,977 
Filed—June 2, 1924. 
Issued—March 15, 1927 
A composition containing £f’di- 
chlorethyl ether and a cellulose deriva- 
tive of the ether-ester class with which 
said ether has a solvent action. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose 
Bp’di-chlorethyl ether. 10to50 parts 
Ethyl alcohol ......... 25 to 50 parts 

Optional Constitwents:—Methyl] alcohol, 
butyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, triphenyl 
phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, cam- 


100 parts 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


phor, diethyl phthalate, butyl tartrate, 
manol, toluolparaethylsulphonamid, es- 
ter gum, gum dammar, cellulose ace- 
tate, benzyl acetate, amyl acetate, 
chlorinated hydrocarbons, ethyl ben- 
zoate. 


Baer, Samuel 
U. S. Patent—1,623,035 
Filed—July 3, 1924 
Issued—April 5, 1927 
A suitable composition for coating 
playing cards is described. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose... view ee 8 oz. 
Beeswax - cick nos they cee 1 oz. 
Gum elemi yicipGew nes eee 1 oz. 


dissolved in one gallon of 
the following solvent 


Benzol 2.423 eee 25% 
Ethyl: acetate; (2. meee 50% 
Amyl acetate.......... 18% 
Fusel’ oil 425238 7% 


Optional Constituents:—Gum copal, gum 
kauri, gum dammar, gum sandarac, 
gum mastic, ester gum, shellac, balsam, 
carnauba and candelilla. 


Lilienfeld, Leon 

U.S. Patent—1,625,416 
Filed—January 9, 1926 
Issued—April 19, 1927 

An oily product obtained by treating 
an aromatic material containing poly- 
merizable material with sulphuric acid, 
removing the excess acid, distilling the 
residue in vacuo at above 150° C., is 
said to be an excellent plasticizing 
agent for alkyl and aralkyl ethers of 
cellulose. 


Campion, Paul 
Assigned to A. B. Dick Co. 

U. S. Patent—1,626,113 
Filed—October 15, 1923 
Issued—April 26, 1927 

A stencil sheet having a porous base, 
such as Yoshino, provided with a type- 
impressible coating including cellulose 
nitrate, oil, and a glycerol fatty acid 
ester. 

Optional Constituents:— Nitrocellulose, 
celluloid, alcohol, ether, acetone, castor 
oil, stearic acid, triacetin, butyl tar- 
trate, amyl tartrate, benzyl alcohol. 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


Burke, Charles E. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,626,916 
Filed—June 24, 1925 
Issued—May 3, 1927 
An ester of phenylglycine is used to 
stabilize nitrocellulose compositions. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl ester of 
phenylglycine, butyl ester of phenyl- 
glycine, methyl ester of phenylglycine, 
phenyl ester of phenylglycine. 


Sebaecatteck Edmund M. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,629,999. 
Filed—May 23, 1921 
Issued—May 24, 1927 
A pyroxylin coating composition 
containing a cellulose nitrate having a 
viscosity, as determined upon a 16 oz. 
solution of ethyl acetate with the 
Stormer viscosimeter at 28° C., of less 
than 400 centipoises. 

Optional Constituents:—Amyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, amyl] alcohol, butyl alco- 
hol, toluol, benzol, xylol, castor oil, 
gum dammar, shellac, blown cotton- 
seed oil. 


Lindsay, William G. 
Assigned to The Celluloid Co. 
U.S. Patent—1,630,752 
Filed—April 25, 1922 
Issued—May 31, 1927 
Non-inflammable compositions are 
obtained by combining pyroxylin with 
an aromatic phosphate such as tricresy]- 
phosphate and hexachlorethane. 
Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
acetone, ethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
amyl acetate. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 

Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,631,468 
Filed—April 27, 1925 
Issued—June 7, 1927 

A brom-nucleo-substitution product 
of the phenols or their homologues 
may be used as inflammability reducers 
in the preparation of cellulose acetate 
compositions. 


131 


Type Formula: 
Cellulose Acetate ... 
ACeLOn er i snk ak Us i 
Tribromophenol .... 5to 75 parts 

Optional Constituents: — Parabromo- 
phenol, bromohydrochinone, benzol, 
alcohol, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, 
amyl alcohols, butyl alcohols. 


100 parts 
300 to 500 parts 


Burke, Charles E. 
Assigned to Du Pont Viscoloid Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,633,067 
Filed—January 2, 1926 
Issued—June 21, 1927 

The use of hydrated magnesium car- 

bonate as an inflammability retarder 
for cellulose ester compositions is rec- 
ommended. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose nitrate........ 12 parts 
Methyl alcohol......... 50 parts 
Castor our eee ee 3 parts 
Tricresy] phosphate .... 3 parts 
Hydrated magnesium 

CaPbORRtO ie. eae i.e. 5. 9 to 9 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, ethyl cellulose. 


Shipley, Stanley De Vries 

Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U.S. Patent—1, 633,292 
Filed—March 14, 1925 
Issued—June 21, 1927 

The viscosity of nitrocellulose is re- 
duced by heating the latter in an 
aqueous medium in the presence of a 
buffer composition capable of neutral- 
izing the acid liberated from the nitro- 
cellulose by the heat. A buffer com- 
posed of borax and acetic acid is rec- 
ommended. 


Schwartz, George L. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,633,683 
Filed—June 15, 1923 
Issued—June 28, 1927 
Mixed glycerides of cocoanut oil 
acids and acetic acid are recommended 
as plasticizers for cellulose ester com- 
positions. Both the mono-acetyl-di- 
acyl-glycerides and the _ di-acetyl- 
mono-acyl glycerides are claimed. 


132 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


PVVOEV UD. aavtdes seen Lt “part 
Volatile solvent ........ li’ parte 
Mixed glyceride ........ 1.37 parts 
IIe, sigh cnt eee ee 0.62 part 
Optional Constituents:—Benzol, ethyl 


acetate, alcohol, acetone, acetone oils, 
methyl acetone, ether-alcohol, benzine. 


Seel, Paul C. 

Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,635,013 
Filed—December 16, 1925 
Issued—July 5, 1927 

The process of reducing the viscosity 
characteristics of cellulose ether while 
in the form of film with an acidity 
greater than pH; which comprises heat- 
ing the film at a temperature between 
50° and 100° C. until the viscosity 
characteristics of the ether are low- 
ered. 


Pitman, Earle C. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
& Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,636,319 
Filed—August 11, 1921 
Issued—July 19, 1927 
The process of reducing the viscosity 
of a nitrocellulose solution which com- 
prises dissolving therein a soluble salt 
of a lower mono-basic aliphatic acid, 
and allowing the resulting solution to 
stand until a substantial reduction in 
viscosity has occurred. 

Optional Constituents:—Sodium acetate, 
sodium oxalate, sodium citrate, ammo- 
nium acetate, cadmium acetate, cobalt 
acetate, zinc acetate. 


Davis, Alex Brooking 
Assigned to A. B. Dick Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,639,080 
Filed—February 5, 1926 
Issued—August 16, 1927 

A type-impressible stencil sheet 

coating including cellulose acetate and 
benzoyl butyl tartrate. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 225 parts 
ACCUMIE 3 eo EX Gretta nner 4000 parts 
Mono-benzoyl butyl  tar- 

TPAUE Scie wanda eta ne ees 1125 parts 


Type Formula—Continued: 
Zine oxide ground in mono- 


benzoyl butyl tartrate 
50-50 by weight......... 300 parts 
Diamyl phthalate ......... 375 parts 
Chlorinated naphthalene... 225 parts 
Castor’ oil Vl.@es ease eee 60 parts 
Optional Constituents— Monoacetyl 


butyl tartrate, dibutyl phthalate, hexa- 
chlornaphthalene, acetyl amy] tartrate, 
benzoyl amyl salicylate, benzol, ethyl 
lactate. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,641,411 
Filed—April 27, 1925 
Issued—September 6, 1927 

Cellulose acetate compositions of 

low inflammability are obtained by 
the incorporation of monobrominated 
naphthalenes and anthracenes. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts 
Acetone. . iis vise 300 to 500 parts 
Alpha bromonaphtha- 

lene’ cs ear ee pee 5to 30 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Benzol, alcohol, 
amyl alcohols, 
acetate, butyl acetate, dicyandiamine. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Assionwe to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,641,412 
Filed—April 27, 1925 
Issued—September 6, 1927 

Monobrombenzols and monobrom- 

toluols are recommended as inflamma- 
bility reducers for use with cellulose 
acetate composition. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose Acetate .... 100 parts 
Acetone: 2.3 alee 300 to 500 parts 
Monobrombenzol .... 5to 50 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Parabromtoluol, 
orthobromtoluol, benzol, alcohol, amyl 
acetate, butyl acetate, amyl alcohols, 
butyl alcohols, dicyandiamine. 


Carroll, Stewart J. 
Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U.S. Patent—1,641,413 
Filed—December 21, 1925 
Issued—September 6, 1927. 


butyl alcohols, amy] . 


—— 


ea a a 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 


The bromo-nucleo substitution prod- 
ucts of aniline and toluidine are used 
as inflammability reducers in the prep- 
aration of cellulose acetate composi- 
tions. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts 
PCOTONE Foote coe css 300 to 500 parts 
2-4-6 tribromo aniline 4to 16 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Ortho, meta or 
para monobromoaniline, 2-4 dibromo- 
aniline, 3-5 dibromo paratoluidine, 3-5 
dibromo ortho toluidine, 2-4-6 tribromo 
meta toluidine, benzol, alcohol, butyl 
alcohols, amyl alcohols, amyl acetate, 
butyl acetate. 


Brown, Bruce K. 
Bogin, Charles 
Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- 
poration 
U. S. Patent—1,641,529 
Filed—December 12, 1924 
Issued—September 6, 1927 
A composition of matter comprising 
pyroxylin and butyl stearate. 
Type Formula: 


IG ete archi) peace xi sini: > 0 9 8 oz 
PELAGIC ULS Ny) 1: 4 oz. 
TRG PRCOL BLE. fake vine oe 5 1 qt. 
Hthyl acetate ............... 1 qt. 
oe a 2 qts. 


Optional Constituents:— Gums, resins, 
pigments, camphor, acetin, phthalate 
esters, tricresyl phosphate, butyl tar- 
trate. 


Amen, Nicholas C. 
Assigned to Howard H. Randolph 
U. S. Patent—1,643,437 
Filed—July 10, 1924 
Issued—September 27, 1927 

A material suitable for use as a pli- 

able and water-proof liquid cement for 
fabric or the like having approximately 
the composition indicated below. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ... 18% 
MPGHION cece ses cs 45% 
Methyl acetone.. 37% 


Butyl acetate.... 3to 8% of the above 


Davidson, Joseph G. 
Assigned to Carbide and Carbon 
Chemicals Corporation 


133 


U. S. Patent—1,644,417 
Filed—June 138, 1924 
Issued—October 4, 1927 

A composition of matter comprising 
a solution of cellulose ester containing 
a substantial proportion of an alkyl 
ether of ethylene glycol. The mono- 
ethyl ether of ethylene glycol is spe- 
cifically referred to. 

Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, ethylene dichloride, glycol mono- 
or diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, 
diacetone alcohol, benzol, acetone, 
methyl] alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. 


Davidson, Joseph G. 
Assigned to Carbide 
Chemicals Corporation 
U. S. Patent—1,644,418 
Filed—July 20, 1925 
Issued—October 4, 1927 
A composition of matter comprising 
a solution of cellulose ester containing 
a substantial proportion of an ether of 
propylene glycol. The mono ethyl 
ether is specifically referred to. 
Optional Constituents :—Gasoline, benzol. 


and Carbon 


Davidson, Joseph G. 

Assigned to Carbide 

Chemicals Corporation 
U. S. Patent—1,644,419 
Filed—August 5, 1925 
Issued—October 4, 1927 

A methyl ether of ethylene glycol is 
recommended for use as a solvent for 
cellulose esters. 


and Carbon 


Davidson, Joseph G, 
Assigned to Carbide 
Chemicals Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,644,420 
Filed—August 16, 1927 
Issued—October 4, 1927 
The ethyl ether of ethylene glycol 
(ethyl glycol) is used as a solvent for 
nitrocellulose. (This patent supersedes 
the Shipley-Given U'S.P. 1,533,616 hav- 
ing overcome the latter in interfer- 
ence.) 

Optional Constituents:— Cellulose ace- 
tate, ethylene dichloride, glycol mono- 
or diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, 
diacetone alcohol, benzol, acetone, 
methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. 


and Carbon 


134 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Horii, Shinjiro 
U. 8. Patent—1,645,141 
Filed—May 18, 1926 
Issued—October 11, 1927 
A stencil sheet made of a base of 
fibrous material and impregnated with 
the composition shown below. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate, 5% solu- 


tlONS Ee. ee ee 100 parts 
Chlorinated naphthalene... 20 parts 
Mannan acetate, 10% solu- 

HiGh /2a2 Es eee 5 parts 
Dtearine ie Ss ce wee wees ok 5 parts 
Castor. Gu wl Gee ee 5 parts 


Clewell, John H., Jr. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U. S. Patent—1,647,435 
Filed—January 7, 1924 
Issued—November 1, 1927 
Cellulose-ester compositions are pro- 
tected from the effect of sunlight by 
coating with oil resin varnishes, spar 
varnishes such as navalite, dammar- 
oil varnishes, various spirit varnishes 
and phenol condensation varnishes 
such as condensite and bakelite var- 
nishes. 


Seel, Paul C. 

Assigned to Eastman Kodak Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,648,509 
Filed—February 11, 1925 
Issued—November 8, 1927 

The viscosity characteristics of nitro- 
cellulose may be reduced by treating 
the nitrocellulose with an aqueous so- 
lution of pyridine containing a nitro- 
cellulose solvent, until the viscosity 
characteristics of the nitrocellulose are 
reduced. 


Flaherty, Edmund M. 
Assigned to E. I. Du Pont de Nemours 
and Co. 
U. S. Reissue—16,803 
Filed—September 19, 1927 
Issued—November 29, 1927 
A pyroxylin coating composition 
containing nitrocellulose, a softener 
therefor, and a volatile nitrocellulose 
solvent, the viscosity characteristic of 


the nitrocellulose, expressed as the vis- 
cosity of a 16 oz. solution thereof in 
C. P. ethyl acetate being less than 
1200 centipoises when measured by the 
Stormer viscosimeter at 28° C. 


Optional Constituents: Amyl acetate, 


butyl acetate, amyl alcohol, butyl al- 
cohol, toluol, benzol, xylol, castor oil, 
gum dammar, shellac, blown cotton- 
seed oil. 

This is a reissue of United States 
Patent 1,629,999. 


Bogin, Charles 


Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- 
poration 
U. S. Patent—1,651,578 
Filed—June 1, 1925 
Issued—December 6, 1927 
The use of hexahydrophenol to pro- 
duce compatibility in nitrocellulose 
solutions is recommended. 


Type Formula: 


1/2 or 4 second viscosity nitro- 
cellulose: 0.4). cxetiee pee 16 oz. 
Dammar or ester gum........ 16 oz. 
Dissolved in one gallon of 
the following solvent mix- 


ture 
Diacetone alcohol ..... 10% 
Hexahydrophenol ..... 10% 
Ethyl acetate ......... 10% 
Benzol {i345 Gane see 2570 
Toluol 44.4) eee 25% 


Optional Constituents:—Kauri gum, © 


elemi gum, shellac gum, synthetic res- 
ins, ethyl lactate, propyl lactate, butyl 
lactate, butyl propionate, butyl] phthal- 
ate, tricresyl phosphate, ethyl alcohol, 
butyl alcohol. 


Graul, William F. 


U. S. Patent—1,652,353 
Filed—November 29, 1922 
Issued—December 13, 1927 

A wood filler for lacquers, compris- 
ing a soluble cellulose ester mixed 
with pulverized pumice or pulverized 
asbestos. . 


Type Formula: 


Celluloid scrap i355 sheeneen % oz. 
Amy] acetate ...8.3555 9s ae 1 pt. 
Pulverized asbestos .......... 1 oz. 


Pulverized pumice ..... ye: 6 oz. 


ae 


UNITED STATES PATENTS 135 


Optional Constituents:— Nitrocellulose, 
cellulose acetate, ethyl alcohol-ether, 
acetone, methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
amyl acetate, dyes. 


Shipley, Stanley D. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
U. 8. Patent—1,652,587 
Filed—June 9, 1922 
Issued—December 13, 1927 
Low viscosity nitrocellulose solutions 
are obtained by heating the nitrocellu- 
lose in a non-solvent liquid and in the 
presence of a catalyzing agent. 
Optional Constituents:—Water, soda ash, 
aluminum, tin, zinc, lead, silver, nickel, 
gold, copper, etc. 


Humphrey, Irvin W. 
Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- 
pany 
U. S. Patent—1,653,008 
Filed—November 22, 1924 
Issued—December 20, 1927 
A nitrocellulose lacquer comprising 
a solution of nitrocellulose and oxi- 
dized pine oil constituents comprising 
_ camphor and crude fenchone. 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, butyl 
acetate, ethyl alcohol, benzol. 


Humphrey, Irvin W. 
Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- 
pany 


U. S. Patent—1,653,009 
Filed—August 17, 1925 
Issued—December 20, 1927 

A pine oil product adapted for use in 
preparing a solvent from nitrocellulose 
comprising dehydrated constituents and 
oxidized constituents of pine oil adapted 
to have a substantial colloiding action 
on nitrocellulose. 


Humphrey, Irvin W. 


Assigned to Hercules Powder Com- 
pany 
U. S. Patent—1,653,010 
Filed—July 23, 1926 
Issued—December 20, 1927 
A nitrocellulose lacquer including a 
solution of nitrocellulose and contain- 
ing dehydrated and oxidized pine oil 
constituents. 


Type Formula: 


Low viscosity nitrocotton..... 10.5% 
Denatured alcohol ........... 4.5 
Pen Zene Lae: fue weir cea oh aise as 26 
Bitawol pepe dos} cis «sleet aie 5 
ities wincetater cnr se lene o's 6 
Buty liacetaterc.). 22 ies seed 16.5 
Gaiiesolitione of anos Se wes os 16.5 
Diethyl phthalate. .......76-: 5 
Dehydrated and oxidized pine 

CDi sales oor veiw e te ne ure ee 10 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Cornides, L. 
Eng. Pat. 745 
Issued—1855 

Paper, leather, fabrics, etc., may be 
coated with explosive cotton dissolved 
in wood spirit, pyroxylin spirit, o 
alcoholized ether. 
Optional Constitwents:—India rubber, 
gums, resins, bitumen, drying oils, 
graphite, metal powders. 


Parkes, A. 
Eng. Pat. 2359 
Issued—1855 

Fabrics, wood, leather, etc., may be 
waterproofed by means of a solution 
of gun-cotton in vegetable naphtha, 
alcohol, methylated or other ethers. 
Gums, resins, or stearine may be 
added; coloring matter or metal 
bronzes may also be included. 


Parkes, A. 
Be6P. 4125 
Issued—May 13, 1856 

A waterproofing and coating com- 
position prepared by dissolving gun- 
cotton or the like in a solvent ob- 
tained by distilling a mixture of wood 
spirit or naphtha and chloride of lime 
or sulfuric, nitric or other acid. Gums 
and resins may be added. 


Pellen, M. 
E.P.—2,256 
Issued—September 26, 1856 

A varnish composed of amylaceous 
substances, such as inulin, of lichenin, 
of gum tragacanth, etc., mixed with 
some kinds of gum, of sugar, gelatin, 
dextrin, of glucose of albumen, or of 
collodion, dissolved in water or dilute 
alcohol. A small amount of castor oil 
is mixed with the collodion. 


Berard, P. 
Eng. Pat. 1,884 
Issued—1857 


A coating composition comprising 
collodion to which coloring matter 
ground up in an oily substance such 
as castor oil is added. 


Berard, P. H. G. 


E.P—639 
Issued—March 26, 1858 

Concentrated collodion for use with 
or instead of common oil paints or 
varnish, is made of alcohol, ether, 
azotic cotton and castor or other oil. 


Rollason, A. 


Eng. Pat.—2849 
Issued—1858 

Fabrics are waterproofed by treat- 
ing with a composition prepared by 
dissolving pyroxylin in any of its 
known solvents to which is added a 
vegetable oil, such as castor oil. 1/50 
to 1/100 part of Canada balsam or 
other gum may also be added. 


Childs, J. 


E.P.—2,295 
Issued—October 8, 1859 

A spirit varnish, preferably a solu- 
tion of collodion colored to any tint, 
is used for varnishing artificial gums. 


Barnwell, S. and Rollason, A. 


E.P.—2,249 
Issued—Sept. 15, 1860 

Compositions containing pyroxylin, 
oils, gums, resins, india-rubber and 
gutta-percha, salts, colours, and ani- 
mal, mineral, and vegetable matters 
are used in solution as a vehicle for 
paints and as a varnish or lacquer. 


Hands, R. M. 


136 


Eng. Pat.—2,417 
Issued—1860 

Fabrics are rendered glossy by treat- 
ing with a solution of collodion di- 
luted with methylated spirits and 
ether. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Morris, T.; Weare, R.; & Monckton, 
E. H. C. 
E.P.—2,661 
Issuéd—Oct. 24, 1861 
Wires may be coated with paint 
prepared with oxidized iron, and then 
coated over with collodion. 


Rollason, A. 
EP—1,057 
Issued—April 27, 1863 
A varnish for glass, etc., comprises 
a solution of aniline or other dye in 
spirit, ether, etc., mixed with solution 
of pyroxylin or with varnishes. 


Simonet, L. 
E.P—756 
Issued—March 26, 1864 
A varnish used in the manufacture 
of imitation hats and other headgear 
is made from gum-lac, galipot, and 
collodion. 


Rollason, A. 
E.P.—2,143 
Issued—August 31, 1864 
Collodion or.a mixture of collodion 
with a gum, such as gum animi, resin, 
and balsam of aniseed, or oils, such 
as linseed, nut and castor oils is used 
as a coating composition. A cement of 
gum arabic, dextrine, albumen, gela- 
tine, sugar, honey, isinglass or the like, 
either separately or combined may be 
brushed or poured over the collodion 
coating. 


Parks, A. 
Eng. Pat.—2,675 
Issued—1864 


Gun-cotton is dissolved in distillate 
obtained by treating wood naphtha 
with calcium chloride. Aniline colors, 
gums and resins, such as shellac, copal 
or animi may be added. 


Crozat, W. 
E.P.—2,953 
Issued—November 25, 1864 
Varnishes for use in finishing photo- 
graphs, contain sulfuric ether, alcohol, 
and photographic cotton. 


Parkes, A. 
E.P.—1,313 
Issued—May 11, 1865 


137 


Pyroxylin dissolved in nitrobenzene, 
aniline, or glacial acetic acid is used as 
a varnish, 


Parkes, A. 
E.P.—1,695 
Issued—June 8, 1867 
Fabrics, paper, etc., are coated with 
a thin varnish consisting of dissolved 
pyroxylin or parkesine and fish scale 
lustre. 


Type Formula: 


PSUS LN) alerted cide <a Nay Oo 1 part 
A LOOHO lity Wj kteihiss sade alta 6-8 parts 
RU GBUEI COL sath ey oe caer cae sae 1 part 
CVU Ee COPA se.) swirl ele atas 2-5% 


Optional Constituents:—Cottonseed oil, 
aniline colour. 


Blake, D. 

E.P.—3,651 
November 30, 1868 

Billiard balls and other articles are 
coated by dipping them into a thick 
solution of collodion to which a white 
pigment has been added. The articles 
may first be covered with glue, lin- 
seed oil, or resinous gum, and a drying- 
oil may be mixed with the collodion. 


Spill, D. 

E.P.—3,984 
Issued Dec. 31, 1868 

Coating compounds are prepared by 
mixing xyloidine with animal, fish, 
vegetable, or mineral oils, oxidized or 
otherwise, such as vegetable or min- 
eral tar, lard oil, codliver oil, cam- 
phor oil, linseed oil, heavy coal oils, 
paraffin, camphor, resins, fat, wax, in- 
dia rubber, gutta-percha, or balata 
gum, 


Spill, D. 
Eng. Pat.—3,102 
Issued—1869 

See U.S. Pat 97,454 


Minor, P. E. & Britton, B. F. 
E.P.—1,208 
Issued—May 4, 1871 
A waterproof compound for coating 
wood, metal, fabric, etc., is made of 
collodion, Venice turpentine, castor 


138 


oil, shellac dissolved in alcohol and 
glycerine. Colouring matter may be 
added if desired. 


Forster, T. A. D.° 
E.P—3,178 
Issued—November 23, 1871 

A varnish or enamel for the bases 
of artificial teeth is composed of gun- 
cotton dissolved in ether, etc., and col- 
ored with carmine, etc. 


Cunliffe, W. 
E.P.—2,802 
Issuing—August 26, 1873 

For preserving metal work structure, 
a coating of guncotton, pyroxylin or 
collodion is applied to the clean sur- 
face. Next a coating of lime, chalk, or 
cement is applied, followed by a coat- 
ing of a silicate solution, and last by a 
spirit varnish. 


Laujorrois, P, I. 
Eng. Pat.—4,195 ; 
Issued—December 20, 1874 

Paints for painting on glass, etc., are 
composed of various adhesive sub- 
stances such as gums, collodion, var- 
nish, glue, size, fish glue, or gelatine, 
mixed with various animal, vegetable, 
or mineral pigments. Examples of 
each class are given. 


Jacob, C. M. 
E.P.—2,484 
Issued—June 22, 1878 
A varnish composed of pyroxylin 
mixed with a metallic powder or a pig- 
ment, and reduced to the proper con- 
sistency by a volatile spirit. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin 
Bronze powder 
Glycerine 
Oil 
Caoutchouce 
Gum 
Resin 
Ethyl alcohol 
Methyl ether 
Optional Constituents:—Gelatine, 
methyl alcohol, pigments. 


Haymen, H. 
E.P.—959 
Issued—March 11, 1879 
An antifouling composition consist- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


ing of a mixture of tin or metal in 
powder with pyroxylin, earthy or other 
pigments, spirit, glycerine, oil or 
caoutchoue and gum resin or gelatine. 


Parks, H. 
Eng. Pat.—1,865 
Issued—May 10, 1879 
See U.S.Pat.—265,337. 
Fr. Pat —132,495. 
Belg. Pat.—56,230. 


Parkes, H. 
E..P.—1,866 
Issued—May 10, 1879 ; 

A varnish composed of nitrocellu- 
lose dissolved in well known solvents 
and combined with shellac and castor 
oil or glycerine. 

Optional Constituents:—Sulphurous acid 
and camphor; turpentine and cam- 
phor; benzoline, or gasoline, or naph- 
tha, and camphor; carbon bisulphide 
or carbon tetrachloride and camphor; 
carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, ether, or 
wood spirit, colours, gums, resins, 
bronze. 


Claus, C. F. 

E.P.—3,072 
TIssued—1882 

Pyroxylin, dissolved in camphor, 
alcohol, or other suitable solvent, is 
mixed with basic chloride or oxy- 
chloride of zinc, these substances being 
used to reduce inflammability in place 
of barium sulphate or zinc oxide. 

The oxychloride must be anhydrous 
and finely divided. 


Hahn, S. 
E.P—33 
Issued—January 2, 1883 . 

Articles of gelatine, transparent pa- 
per, parchment, etc., are made to 
appear like ivory by immersing them 
for a short time in a bath, contain- 
ing:—collodion; gum sandarac or mas- 
tic, or white shellac or such like; tur- 
pentine; spirit of some yellow-colour- 
ing matter, or the article may be first 
coated with a solution of the gum or 
lac and afterwards immersed in collo- 
dion solution. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Cie. Gen. de Chromolithie 
‘K.P —466 
Issued—January 27, 1883 

A varnish prepared by treating pa- 

per with nitrosulphuric acid and an 
alcoholic solution of camphor. It is 
then mixed with acetic ether, sul- 
phuric ether, castor oil, Venetian tur- 
pentine, methylated alcohol, amyl 
acetate and acetic acid. 


Mestaniz, L. 
E.P.—s5,974 
Issued—December 31, 1883 

Articles, after immersion in a bath 

of collodion dissolved in alcohol and 
ether containing glycerine or castor 
oil, or both, are allowed to dry and 
are polished by friction. 


Simpson, A. H. 
Eng. Pat.—5,433 
Issued—1884. 
An anilin dye soluble in ether or 
alcohol is added to collodion for use 
in coating glass. 


Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. 
E.P.—6,051 
Issued—April 7, 1884 
One hundred parts of nitrocellulose 
are dissolved in about three hundred 
of amyl acetate to form a varnish for 
coating metals, wood, leather, paper, 
etc. Some pigment and a little essen- 
tial oil may also be added. 
See U.S.P—352,726. 
French Pat. 162,965. 
Belg. Pat. 65,626. 
Ital. P. XVIII 17,146—1884. 
Ital. P. XXXIV 162—1884, 


Best, T. F. 
E.P—15,121 
Issued—November 18, 1884 

A varnish is prepared by adding to 

50 pounds of nitrocellulose 55-65 
pounds of a solution of camphor dis- 
solved in its weight of methyl alcohol, 
or a mixture of methyl alcohol and 
liquid hydrocarbon. Magnesium bo- 
rate may be added to reduce inflam- 
mability. 

Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. 


EH.P—491 
Issued—January 13, 1885 


139 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose ............ 100 parts 
aA ORLA TC. V5 6% catirsisna' ee 400 parts 
Army! alcohol 245 .<.2%3.5; 400 parts 
Optional Constituents:—China clay; 


zinc oxide; linseed oil; tannic acid. 


Wilson, W. V. 
Eng. Pat—4,668 
Issued—1885 
See U.S.P.—340,026. 


Raese, E. 

E.P.—5,413 
Issued—April 19, 1886 

Surfaces are coated with an alco- 
holic solution of copal varnish and 
then with a mixture consisting of an 
alcoholic solution of copal varnish, a 
solution of celluloid in ether and alco- 
hol, and collodion, with or without the 
addition of colouring-matter. 


Greening, T. 
E.P—8,442 
Issued—1886 
A varnish composed of nitrocellu- 
lose, methylated alcohol, resin, gum 
benzoin, and castor oil. 


Pont, A. de 
E.P.—383 
Issued—January 10, 1887 

The object to be enameled is primed 

with an adhesive consisting of a solu- 
tion of albumen, isinglass, glue, gum 
animi, or copal. When the primed 
surface has dried it is evenly coated 
with an alcoholic solution of a resin- 
ous material such as gum lac, gum 
animi, or celloidin, coloured, if de- 
sired. A third coating is then applied 
consisting of gum animi, or collodion, 
to which from 2-10% of celloidin has 
been added. 


Gerard, M. P. E. 

E.P.—2,694 

Issued—February 21, 1887 

A varnish of the composition indi- 

cated below. 
Type Formula: 

Gelatine 5 parts 
10 parts 


eee eeresee sea eee eee e 


140 


Type Formula—Continued: 
Glacial acetic acid 


Garveering os. 55/5, <4 eels Yo part 
Cistoe oil Soe a. ce wee Trace 
Calcium chloride ........... Trace 
Gum lac 

Hale, J. 
E.P.—5,586 


Issued—April 16, 1887 


For bright metal articles and simi- 


lar articles, a solution of pyroxylin in 
amyl acetate and benzene, or other 
moderately volatile solvents, is em- 
ployed. In some cases essential oils 
or gums may be added. 
See also U.S.P.—471,422. 
Eng. Pat. 5791—1887. 
French Pat. 184,548—1887. 
Aust. Pat. 17,684—1887 


Hale, J. 
E.P.—5,791 
Issued—April 20, 1887 
Pyroxylin is dissolved in non-hygro- 
scopic and moderately-volatile  sol- 
vents, with the addition of colouring- 
matter, camphor, etc., if desirable. 
The following liquids are suitable sol- 
vents: methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or 
amyl alcohol, amyl acetate, benzene, 
nitrobenzene, turpentine, or similar 
bodies. 
See also U.S.P—471,422. 
Eng. Pat. 5586—1887. 
French Pat. 184,548—1887. 
Aust. Pat. 17,684—1887. 


Todd, E. N. 
_E.P—6,870 
Issued—May 10, 1887 
A composition consisting of a mix- 
ture of equal quantities by weight of 
pyroxylin or soluble nitrocellulose, 
and an oleo-resin such as balsam of 
Tolu, balsam of copaiba, balsam of 
Peru, etc. 


Field, W. D. 
E.P.—8,253 
Issued—June 8, 1887 
Propyl or butyl acetate, or a mix- 
ture of both, is employed as a solvent 
of pyroxylin, to form lacquer. In 
some cases pyroxylin solvents such as 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


benzene, methyl alcohol, amyl acetate, 
etc., may be added. 
See also U.S.P—381,354. 


Field, W. D. 
E.P.—15,771 
Issued—November 17, 1887 
A pyroxylin varnish in which the 
pyroxylin is dissolved in a non-hygro- 
_scopic menstruum and is mixed with a 
solution of shellac prepared as de- 
scribed in Specification 15,772—1887. 
The formula given contains amyl ace- 
tate, amyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, 
shellac, and pyroxylin, etc. 


Henderson, A. C. 

E.P.—16,330 
Issued—November 28, 1887 

The improvement consists in incor- 
porating with the celluloid or similar 
substance made from nitrocellulose, a 
quantity of a metallic salt such as a 
protochloride of tin, dissolved in alco- 
hol, ether or other suitable solvent. 


Orr, A 
E.P.—487 
Issued—January 12, 1888 
Nitrocellulose is dissolved in a spe- 
' celal solvent, viz. chloracetate of chlor- 
amyl, which may be diluted with from 
2 to 5 parts of fusel oil. 


Greening, F. 
E.P.—5,344 
Issued—March 28, 1889 
A solvent for nitrocellulose prepared 


by mixing lime with lead acetate and 


distilling the product formed. The 
product is mixed with fusel oil and re- 
distilled after the addition of  phos- 
phoric acid or potassium carbonate. 
The distillate mixed with absolute al- 
cohol constitutes the solvent. 


Hughes, T. 
Eng. Pat.—s8,513 
Issued—1889 


A cement composed of rubber, gutta- 
percha, amyl acetate, celluloid, ozoker- 
ite, bitumen, and ramie. 


Crane, F. (S. J. Fairfax, Ag’t) 
E.P.—10,393 
Issued—April 25, 1889 


BRITISH PATENTS 141 


A mass for making photograph films 
consisting of pyroxylin, any solvent 
which will not give the film a greasy 
surface, gum camphor and a miscible 
non-solvent such as amyl alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin (soluble) ....... 100 lbs. 
PIGtHANG 4 to. deh. fe. 55 gals. 
AMVIIRIOONO! G62... 20 gals. 
INV BOCUALE oo aw oh soso ee 25 gals. 
Pili Cet eOr cS. fsa s es 50 Ibs. 


Optional Constituents:—Butyl alcohol; 
petroleum naphtha; butyl acetate or 
its isomer; benzoline. 


Todd, E. N. 
E.P.—9,315 
Issued—June 16, 1890 
A composition consisting of nitro- 
cellulose, dissolved in‘ a mixture of 
methyl and amyl acetates, fusel oil and 
oil of camphor, with or without addi- 
tion of solid camphor, 


Crane, F. 
E.P.—12,684 
Issued—August 138, 1890 
Pyroxylin or soluble nitrocellulose 
and gum resins or resins are dissolved 
in suitable solvents such as amyl ace- 
- tate, spirits of turpentine, methyl al- 
cohol, together with shellac. Ethyl, 
methyl, propyl, or butyl acetate, or 
mixtures of the same may replace the 
amyl acetate. Cedar or other essential 
oils may replace the turpentine. Lin- 
seed oil and pigments may also be 
added. 


Anders, G. L. & Elliot, C. H. 
E.P—17,012 - 
Issued—October 24, 1890 
Relates to the application of xylon- 
ite, celluloid and the like for coating 
printed or embossed surfaces of paper, 
wood, metal, ivory, cardboard, etc. 


Winkler, A. von & Todd, E. N. 
E.P.—20,690 
Issued—June 6, 1890 
A non-hygroscopic varnish, consist- 
ing of a mixture of pyroxylin, acetate 
of amyl, fusel oil, and castor oil. 


Fairfax, J. S. 
E.P.—3,345 
Issued—February 24, 1891 


A waterproof composition not af- 
fected by air made by adding soluble 
pyroxylin to sulphur balsams (includ- 
ing sulphuretted oils), the pyroxylin 
being preferably first dissolved in a 
solvent of the sulphuretted oil, such 
as amyl acetate, propyl acetate, or 
butyl acetate, or mixtures of these 
with petroleum naphtha. Camphor 
and pigments may be added. 


Type Formula: 


b BAUR ado are rk fo avg ae 7 gals. 
Petroleum naphtha ...... 3 gals. 
Ere yi ete ee een oi ered 15 lbs. 
Sulphuretted oil ......... 30-40 lbs. 
PIGTIOTIL Urine ak wt eye « 1— 2 lbs. 


McDougall, A. 


E.P.—8,823 
Issued—May 25, 1891 

A coating composition for use on 
lead pipes composed of nitrocellulose 
dissolved in alcohol and ether, and 
castor oil or Canada balsam added to 
the solution. To obtain collodion of 
greater consistency, a small propor- 
tion of strontia or magnesia is added. 


Goldsmith, B. B. 


E.P.—19,456 
Issued—November 10, 1891 

A gloss or polish is put on articles 
by first coating with a layer of pyroxy- 
lin varnish, then applying a resin var- 
nish, and finally applying a protective 
coating of pyroxylin varnish. The 
pyroxylin varnish may contain resins 
and may be coloured. 


Gill, A. O. & Gill, W. S. 


E.P.—22,610 
Issued—December 28, 1891 

Collodion is used as a vehicle for 
forming gold, silver, bronze, and other 
paints. It may also be used as a lac- 
quer or varnish for gilding and other 
purposes. 


Williams, E. C.; Williams, M. E. & 


May, C. 
E.P.—4,169 
Issued—March 2, 1892 

Bronze or other metallic paints are 
formed by mixing bronze, etc., powder 
with amyl acetate in which a small 


142 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


quantity of guncotton has been dis- 
solved. Other solvents may be substi- 
tuted for the amyl acetate and colour- 
ing matter may be added to the com- 
position. 


Crane, F. 
E.P.—6,542 
Issued—April 5, 1892 
Soluble pyroxylin is dissolved in ace- 
tone oil. To form a lacquer or var- 
nish, a mixture is made of acetone oil, 
naphtha, and soluble pyroxylin, with 
or without methyl alcohol or acetone. 
Type Formula: 


AGELORG OSs... sso eke 50 gals 

Wood SlCGholt.. 7.55 cece 50 gals 

PYTORVN “wan vs eee eee 200 Ibs 
Optional Constituents:—Petroleum 


naphtha, benzol, acetone, volatile ke- 
tones. 


Crane, F. 
Eng. Pat.—6,543 
Issued—April 5, 1892 

A solvent for pyroxylin should be 

non-hygroscopic, in order that it may 
dry rapidly. Such a solvent is found 
in acetone oil. 

Type Formula: 


Pyroxyline cs ee ee 200 lbs 
Acetone oni .e eee ee 50 gals 
Wood aleahol 7is0ese ees 50 gals 


Optional Constituents :—Ketones, benzol, 
acetone, petroleum, naphtha. 


Cutter, W. 

E.P.—7,688 
Issued—April 23, 1892 

Gold, silver, and bronze paints are 

formed by mixing gold, silver, or 
bronze powders with a vehicle, formed 
by dissolving pyroxylin in spirits, 
ethers, essences, or acids, amyl acetate 
being preferably employed. 


Cadoret, F. & Degraide, E. 

E.P—21,485 
Issued—November 25, 1892 

Bleached cellulose nitrate is treated 
with a 2% solution of zinc chloride 
and while still damp is mixed with 
zinc oxide. Camphogine, albumen and 
casein added to the cellulose com- 
pound treated in this manner gives an 
incombustible, inodorous celluloid. 


Field, W. D. 

K.P.—3,469 
Issued—February 16, 1893 

A varnish consisting of a compound 
of “blown” or aerated oil with pyroxy- 
lin. The blown oil used may be a 
non-drying glycyl ether of an unsatu- 
rated fatty acid. Amyl acetate and 
benzene. Pigments may be added. 


Perl, J. 
E.P.—3,557 
Issued—February 17, 1893 

A liquid bronzing composition con- 

sisting of pyroxylin, aceto-acetic 
ether, resin, amyl acetate, and bronze 
powder. 

Optional Constituents:—Other suitable 
dissolving agents may be used as well 
as aceto-acetic ether. 


Ernst, H., 
E.P.—5,216 
Issued—March 10, 1893 
Colour leaf, which can be used in 
the same way as gold leaf for block 
and like purposes, is obtained by pour- 
ing a mixture of collodion solution 
-and oil colour on to a polished sur- 
face so as to form leaves which are 
stripped off when dry. 


Paget, L. 

E.P.—7,277 
Issued—April 8, 1893 

By the distillation of a mixture of 
primary alcohols with sulfuric acid 
and a suitable organic acid mixed 
compound ethers are produced which 
are exceedingly good solvents for 


pyroxylin. 
Type Formula: 
Ethyl aleohot§ san sa eee 25 parts 
Amy] alcohol’ ., ..o.ssaies 25-20 parts 
Sulfuric acid... aiceeee 25 parts 
Acetic acid ic. 20 12% parts 
Paget, L. 
E.P.—7,784 


Issued—April 17, 1893 

Fusel oil, wood spirit, and benz:ne 
are mixed in the respective propor- 
tions of 8-5, 2-5, and 1-2 volumes, and 
the mixture dehydrated with calcium 
chloride. One volume of acetie acid 


4 
| 


BRITISH PATENTS 


is mixed with 3 to 4 volumes of this 
mixture, and the whole distilled. The 
distillate is a very active solvent for 
pyroxylin. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol; 
oil of turpentine or benzene; fusel oil, 
wood spirit. 


King, C. V. & Jellicoe, R. V. 

K.P.—15,686 
Issued—August 18, 1893 

Methylated spirit is dehydrated by 
quick lime or potassium carbonate, dis- 
tilled and mixed with 10-50% of 
methylated ether or hydrocarbon, such 
as benzene, castor oil, gum copal, pig- 
ments, and dyes may be added. 


Newton, P. A. 
Eng. Pat.—20,234 
Issued—1893 

An India rubber substitute consist- 

ing of nitrocellulose or nitrated hydro- 
cellulose combined with suitable non- 
volatile or only slightly volatile sol- 
vents such as nitronaphthalene, di- 
nitrobenzene, nitrocymene,  nitro- 
xylol, or nitrocumol. 


Perl, J. 
E.P.—21,455 
Issued—November 10, 1893 

Articles of metal, bone, celluloid, 

etc., after being coated with colour- 
less varnish, are heated and dipped 
into a colouring bath composed of a 
solution of vegetable, aniline, or ali- 
zarine colouring matters in alcohols, 
ethyl acetate, amyl acetate, or acetone, 
with or without the addition of alka- 
lies. 


Paget, L. 

E.P.—22,137 
Issued—November 18, 1893 

Lacquers prepared from pyroxylin 
by adding to fifteen to twenty parts 
thereof, twenty gallons of aceto- 
acetate of amyl, five gallons of ozo- 
nized fusel oil, five gallons of wood 
spirit, and fifteen gallons of benzene. 


Schupphaus, R. C. 
Eng. Pat.—22,384 
Issued—1893 
See U.S. Pat. 514,838. 


143 


King, C. U. & Jellicoe, R. V. 
E.P.—24,695 
Issued—December 22, 1893 

Improvement to 15,686—1893. 

A cellulose mixture such as de- 
scribed in the original patent is satu- 
rated with tungstate of soda, alum, or 
a similar body, to render it unin- 
flammable, 


Pichler, S. F. 
E.P.—9,261 
Issued—May 10, 1894 
A metallic powder is mixed with 
collodion or similar compound thinned 
to the required degree with alcohol 
and ether. 


Cross, C. F. & Bevan E. J. 
E.P—9,676 
‘Issued—May 17, 1894 
A solution of cellulose acetate in 
chloroform is used in place of collo- 
dion varnish. 
See also D.R.P.—85,329. 


Hahn, S. 
Eng. Pat.—13,139 
Issued—July 6, 1894 
Films resembling mother of pearl 
are obtained from the composition 
given below. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose= 252 ee 1 part 
Ethyl alcohol (90-100%).... 78 parts 
Acetiesethera. tee 21 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Sulfuric ether, 
methyl alcohol; water glass. 


Perl, J. & Hermann, P. 

E.P.—15,327 
Issued—August 11, 1894 

A ‘system of varnishing consisting of 
dipping the object into a solution of 
colorless pyroxylin varnish. After 
drying the object is then dipped into 
an alcoholic solution of alizarine col- 
our. The object is afterwards dipped 
into water and then dried. 


Nobel, Alfred 
E.P.—15,914 
Issued—1894 
Relates to the following solvents for 
nitrocellulose: 


144 


1. The chloro and bromo derivatives 
of nitrated hydrocarbons, espe- 
cially those of nitrobenzol, nitro- 
toluol, nitroxylol, nitrocumol, nitro- 
cymol; 

2. The nitro, chloro, bromo, chloro- 
nitro, and bromonitro derivatives 
of camphor; 

3. Nitrated resin oils and nitrated 
resin ; 

4. The methylic, ethylic, propylic, 

butylic, and amylic esters of the 

following acids: oxalic, lactic, tar- 
taric, citric, succinic, benzoic, hip- 
puric, toluic, mesitylenic, salicylic, 
phthalic, and such others as are ob- 
tained by oxidation of hydrocar- 
bons of the benzol. and naphtha- 
lene series, as well as the nitro, 
chloro, glycerine ethers of the 
acetic, benzoic, and hippuric acids. 

The nitrophenols and their ethers; 

Aldehydes and ketones of high 

boiling point. . 


at 


Oliver, F. W. 
E.P.—17,747 
Issued—September 18, 1894 

The vehicle used for this material 
consists of a solution of “liquid cellu- 
loid” which replaces the ordinary oil 
and turpentine. Glycerine may be em- 
ployed, if required, to retard the dry- 
ing. 


Schupphaus, R. C. 

Eng. Pat.—21,331 

Issued—November 6, 1894 
See also U.S.P.—528,812. 


Greening, F. 
E.P.—22,019 
Issued—November 14, 1894 

A varnish prepared by dissolving 
nitrocellulose in picamar, or the distil- 
late obtained from distilling picamar, 
methyl alcohol, and a chromic acid 
salt. The dissolved pyroxylin may be 
mixed with pigments. 


Reid, W. F. & Earle, E. J. V. 
H.P.—21,995 
Issued—November 19, 1895 

Nitro compounds of linolein and 
ricinolein, prepared by nitrating oils, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


such as linseed oil and castor oil, are 
dissolved in solvents for nitrocellulose 
for use in the production of varnishes. 


Pollack, J. L. 


E.P.—2,568 
Issued—February 4, 1896 

A waterproofing composition which 
consists of a mixture of paper dissolved 
in sulfuric acid with cotton and with 
acetic ether, sulfuric ether, camphor, 
gum lac, and mastic. 


Asselot, M. E. 


E.P.—6,389 
Issued—March 23, 1896 | 
Uninflammable celluloid is made as 
follows: 25 gms. of ordinary celluloid 
are dissolved in 250 gms. of acetone, 
and mixed with a solution of 50 gms. 
of magnesium chloride in 150 gms. of 
alcohol. 


Bronnert, E. & Schlumberger 


E.P.—6,858 
Issued—March 28, 1896 

Solutions of collodion pyroxylin ap- 
plicable as varnishes are obtained by 
dissolving it in mixtures of ethyl or 
methyl alcohol or methylated spirit 
with small quantities of any of the fol- 
lowing substances: oxalic, citric, tar- 
taric, lactic, or levulic acids; salts of 
these acids, or of hydrochloric or alkyl- 
sulfuric acids, with alkalies, alkaline 
earths, aluminum, or zinc; ethers of 
the said acids with mono- or polyato- 
mic alcohols. Calcium chloride may 
also be added to reduce inflammabil- 
ity. 


Oliver, F. W. 


E.P.—10,103 
Issued—May 12, 1896 

Handles of wood or other material 
are coated with a film of celluloid 
containing zine white or other pig- 
ment, 


Bennett, S. 


E.P.—12,693 
Issued—June 9, 1896 

A coating of oil such as linseed or 
castor oil, or a mixture of oil and 
turpentine is first applied. After this 


BRITISH PATENTS 145 


coating has soaked in, the surface is 
treated with a solution of nitrocellu- 
lose in acetone, ether, and alcohol, or 
amyl acetate, with or without the addi- 
tion of turpentine or disinfectants. 


Heberlein, E. 
E.P.—13,198 
Issued—June 15, 1896 

Colours with a silk-like gloss are 
produced on wood, metal, and other 
substances by treating the material 
with a cold alcoholic solution of a 
suitable organic dye and collodion, and 
subsequently evaporating off the sol- 
vent. 


Jones, J. J. & Jones, G. W. 
Eng. Pat.—17,717 
Issued—1896 

See U.S. Pat.—587,211. 


Strehlenert, R. W. 
E.P—22,540 
Issued—October 10, 1896 

An improved solution of nitrocellu- 
lose is obtained by adding to the regu- 
lar solution formic aldehyde, acetic 
aldehyde, paraldehyde, benzaldehyde, 
or other substances of the same group 
to the extent of as much as 15% by 
weight of the nitrocellulose. Such ma- 
terials decrease the tendency for the 
cellulose to take up water. 


De Pont, A. & Bare, S. De Pont 

Eng. Pat.—24,790 

Issued—November 5, 1896 
Composition of matter consisting of 

“soluble” cellulose, palm- or castor oil, 

or glycerin, phosphate of lime, bone 

dust, sawdust, or other powdered ma- 

terial, pigments, as magnesia or alu- 

mina, and gum. 

Type Formula: 


molrble cellulose .............. 30% 
Palm oil, castor oil or glycerin... 5% 
Phosphate of lime...:......... 15% 
Bone dust, sawdust, etc........ 30% 
Magnesia or alumina........... 15% 
0 ea or 5% 


Optional Constituents:—Aniline dyes. 


Furse, A. C. 
E.P.—25,675 
Issued—November 14, 1896 


Finely powdered metallic aluminium 
is mixed with a suitable vehicle such 
as liquid celluloid or a solution of 
shellac for use as an antifouling paint. 


Helbing, H. and Pertsch, G. 


Eng. Pat.—25,779 
Issued—1896 
See US. Pat. 628,463. 


Bittner, H. & Villedien, C. 


E.P.—7,975 
Issued—March: 27, 1897 

A coating composition consisting of 
nitrocellulose dissolved in acetone or 
other solvent with toluol, resin oil, 
castor oil and mononitronaphthalene 
or other nitro compounds. The in- 
flammability is reduced by the addi- 
tion of tin or magnesium chlorides, or 
other chloride soluble in alcohol. 
Aniline dyes or body colours, such as 
zinc white may be added. 


Marsden & Co. 


Eng. Pat.—17,602 
Issued—1897 
See U.S. Pat. 587,096. 


Bussy, L.; Oyonnax, A. & Philippe, H. 


Eng. Pat.—27,534 
Issued—1897 

A coating composition is prepared if 
dissolving celluloid in one or more 
suitable solvents, such as acetone, 
acetic acid, ether, alcohol, etc., and 
then adding such substances as resins, 
oils, gums, waxes, talc, magnesium 
chloride, ete. 


Sutherland, D. M. & McLaren, W. 


E.P.—28,613 

Issued—September 14, 1897 
Nitrocellulose is dissolved in a solu- 

tion rich in methyl alcohol and methyl 

acetate. Castor oil and gums. are 


added. 


Bethisy, L. L. 


E.P.—11,927 
Tssued—May 25, 1898 

A varnish composed of patoxylin 
ground with camphor or naphthalene; 
albumen, powdered mica, or alum; col- 
ouring matter, and mixed with alco- 


146 


hol and a paste consisting of essential 
oil of lavender, cedar, birch, rosewood, 
or the like, and vaseline oil, dissolved 
in acetic ether, and mixed with liquid 
zinc chloride and white gelatine. 


Doves, H. W. & Phipps, P. 

E.P.—13,560 
Issued—June 17, 1898 

A coating material consisting of a 
solution of celluloid, xylonite, or simi- 
lar material in naptha, acetic acid, ace- 
tone, etc. Suitable powders, such as 
bronze powders mray be added. 


Chaubert, J. 
E.P.—13,287 
Issued—June 27, 1899 
Naphthalene is substituted in whole 
or in part for camphor in celluloid. 


Farbwerke Von Meister, Lucius & 
Bruning 
E.P—15,355 
Issued—July 26, 1899 
Celluloid prepared according to the 
formula below does not have the ten- 
dency of ordinary celluloid for curl- 
ing. 
Type Formula: 


Collodion cotton ........ 18 parts 

Glacial acetic acid....... 16 parts 

Gelatin: <4. Sis ee- eee 5 parts 

06% Alcohol’. 2... hee.e 7-5 parts 
Henry, C. 


Eng. Pat.—20,092 
Issued—1899 

Silk, wool, etc., are impregnated with 
a solution of guncotton or celluloid in 
ether, amyl acetate, acetone, methyl 
alcohol, ete. Cellulose acetate dis- 
solved in nitrobenzene is also recom- 
mended for the same purpose. 


Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius 
& Bruning 


E.P.—25,434 
Issued—December 22, 1899 
Certain aromatic sulfuric acids, 


either separately or mixed, of the gen- 
eral formula, R.SO..A, where R. de- 
notes an aromatic radical or its sub- 
stitution product, and A. is an aliphatic 
or “aromatic ether residue,” or a sub- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


stituted NH, group (e.g. glyceryl para- 
toluene sulfonate, paratoluene  sul- 
phonamide, or  paratoluene alkyl 
amide), may be used as substitutes for 
camphor in the manufacture of cellu- 
loid. 

See U. S. 758,335. 


Lohschmidt, J. 
E.P.—7,676 
Issuing—1900 
A celluloid lacquer for use in porce- 
lain painting consisting of a collodion 
solution to which are added turpentine 
and glycerin and gold coloring matter. 


Zuhl, E. 

E.P—11,751 
Issued—June 28, 1900 

Naphthyl acetate is recommended 
as a substitute for camphor in the 
manufacture of celluloid from nitro- 
cellulose. 

See also D.R.P. 118,052. 

Aust. Pat. 6545. 


Goldsmith, J. N. 
E.P—13,131 
July—20, 1900 
The following are recommended as 
substitutes for camphor in the manu- 
facture of celluloid: Acetin, that is, 
any of the acetic esters of glycerine; 
acetochlorhydrin, benzicin, that is, the 
benzoic esters of glycerine phthalic or 
succinic esters of the aliphatic alco- 
hols, pulegone, thujone, and the con- 
densation products obtained by com- 
bining acetone oils with benzaldehyde 
or with acetaldehyde or formaldehyde. 


Zuhl, E. 

E.P.—17,948 
Issued—October 9, 1900 

The phenolic esters of formic, pro- 
pionic, carbonic, tartaric, citric, and 
other acids, are suggested as substi- 
tutes for camphor in the manufacture 
of celluloid from nitrocellulose. 


Zuhl, E. 
E.P.—20,723 
Issued—November 16, 1900 
A method for producing celluloid 
like products, in which the camphor 


BRITISH PATENTS 


is fully or partially replaced by the 
following substances: methylnaphthy]l- 


ketone, dinaphthylketone, methyl- 
hydroxynaphthylketone, dihydroxydi- 
naphthylketone. 

Milo, E. & Richardson, E. J. 
E.P.—20,874 


Issued—November 19, 1900 

A printed design on wood is covered 
with gumdammar dissolved in turpen- 
tine, and then with a protective quick 
drying material. This latter may be 
pyroxylin, wax, india-rubber, or resin, 
dissolved in ether, chloroform, or ben- 
zine. 


Zuhl, E. 

E.P.—4,326 
Issued—February 28, 1901 

Phthalic acid and phthalonic acid 
(HO.C.C.H,.CO.CO:2H), also their an- 
hydrides and esters, easily dissolve 
nitrocellulose, forming a celluloid-like 
substance. 


Bonnaud, J. B. G. 

E.P.—8,063 
Issued—April 19, 1901 

Gum copal dissolved in boiling cas- 
tor oil is added to nitrocellulose com- 
positions for coating purposes to ren- 
der them flexible and waterproof when 
dry. 

Optional Constituents:—Sugar of lead; 
litharge; white copperas; camphor; 
methylated spirit; vanillin. - 

See also U.S.P—697,790. 
Can. Pat. 78,060. 


Zuhl, E. 
E.P.—8,072 
Issued—1901 
Triphenyl phosphate is recom- 
mended as a substitute for camphor in 
cellulose plastic masses. 


Williams, A. & Parkin, W .C. 
E.P.—8,301 
Issued—April 23, 1901 
A non-inflammable celluloid. 
Type Formula: 


Dissolved celluloidine ...... 25 parts 
Dissolved magnesium chlo- . 

Pere dan spirit). oe. ek. 6 parts 
Pulverized asbestos ........ 3 parts 


147 


Zuhl, E. 

E.P.—10,213 
Issued—May 16, 1901 

The use of halogen substitution 
products of the aromatic hydrocarbons, 
and the nitro- and amino- halogen de- 
rivatives of the hydrocarbons, is 
claimed as substitutes for camphor in 
the manufacture of celluloid from 
nitrocellulose. 


Deutsche Celluloid Fabr. 

Eng. Pat.—12,863 
Issued—June 24, 1901 

In the manufacture of celluloid, 
camphor is replaced by an acidyl prod- 
uct of secondary amines containing 
only aromatic radicles, such as acetyl- 
diphenyl amine, formyl-diphenylamine, 
acetyl-phenyltolyl-amine, and acetyl- 
phenylnaphthylamine. 

See also D.R.P. 182,371. 

Aust. Pat. 11,376 of 1902. 


Blitz, A. B. 
E.P—18,744 
Issued—September 19, 1901 
Artificial marble is polished with a 
solution of alcohol, shellac, or collo- 
dion. 


Goldsmith, J. N. & British Xylonite Co. 
E.P.—22,662 
Issued—November 9, 1901 

Alkyl esters of the acid or acids ob- 

tained by the action of a powerful 
oxidizing agent (e.g. nitric acid) on 
fats, oils, or soaps are claimed as cam- 
phor substitutes in the manufacture of 
celluloid. 


Newton, H. W. 
E.P.—26,075 
Issued—December 20, 1901 

Those acetates of cellulose are used 

which yield flexible films on evapora- 
tion of their solutions. Camphor or 
any suitable substitute is used. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 100 parts 
Ca DHOW Five eae eee nate cae 50 parts 
Chloroform or glacial acetic acid. 


eoeereee oe * 


British Thompson-Houston Co., & 
E. Thompson and J. G. Callon 
Eng. Pat.—2,264—1902 


148 


An insulating composition for elec- 
tric wires is obtained by first coating 
the metal with. a film of rubber or 
other adhesive and then with a num- 
ber of films of cellulose ester or ace- 
tate. 


Zuhl, E. 
Eng. Pat.—4,383 
Issued—February 20, 1902 
See also British Patent 8072—1901. 
U.S. Patent 733,110. 


Daly, J. A. 
Eng. Pat.—5,348 
Issued—March 4, 1902 
See U.S. Patent 694,946. 


Lederer, L. 
E.P.—7,088 
Issued—March 22, 1902 
See French Patent 319,724 of 1902. 


Schwartz, Y. 
E.P.—9,992 
Issued—April 30, 1902 
Paper for photographic purposes is 
coated with a composition as given 
below. 
Type Formula: 


Dry collodion cotton...... 10 gms 

PeCtONG ‘Si. 655 cosas eee 1000 c.c 

Amyl acetate ............ 875 c.c 

Benzene $4 si iiea eee 875 c.c 
Zuhl, E. 

E.P.—23,445 


Issued—October 27, 1902 

In the manufacture of celluloid, cam- 
phor is replaced by such derivative of 
phosphoric acid as are formed by 
phenol, cresol, and naphthol on the 
one hand, and alcohol or anilid radi- 
cals on the other hand, replacing the 
hydroxyl groups of phosphoric acid. 

Optional Constituents:—Pheny]l-, cresyl-, 

or naphthyl-phosphoric ester or anilid. 

See British Patent 4,383—1902. 

See French Pat. 325,585. 


Luttke, H. 
E.P.—24,955 
Issued—November 13, 1902 
Nitrocellulose, for use in varnishes 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


for metal, wood, or paper, is mixed 
with 10 to 15% of nitroglycerine. 
See also French Pat. 325,548. 


Schmerber, J. & Morane, L. 
E.P.—4,863 
Issued—March 2, 1903 
See French Patent 324,121. 


Lilienfeld, L. 

E.P.—14,483. 
Issued—June 29, 1903 

Finely powdered mica, white or suit- 
ably colored, is mixed with a solution 
of a cellulose derivative, such as nitro- 
cellulose, in a suitable solvent and the 
resulting mixture is printed on the de- 
sired material. 


Eisenmann, R, & Bendix, J. 
Eng. Pat.—15,696 
July 15, 1903. 

Incandescent mantles are coated 
with a lacquer of the following com- 
position: 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocotton.. “cs eee 10 parts 
Glacial acetic acid ........ 65 parts 
Acetone. ...: es cgasnee eee 15 parts 
'. Aleohiol ,05%)- 225207 250 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, cam- 
phor. 


Fell, J. C. 
E.P.—23,752 
Issued—1903 
A celluloid-like mass is obtained by 
adding casein to nitrocellulose. 


Forster, A. 
E.P.—24,289 
Issued—November 9, 1903 
Nitrocellulose solutions are used for 
applying metal coatings to textile 
fibers, etc. 


Ortmann, R. 
E.P.—5,280 
Issued—1904 
- Substitute for camphor; an alcohol- 
ether solution of turpentine and a ke- 
tone, especially acetone. 
See French Patent 342,464. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Cleminson Electric Lamp. Attachment 
Co. 
E.P—6,600 
Issued—March 18, 1904 
An insulating composition, as below. 
Type Formula: 


GAT ae Gag NE TN oe een 20% 
ey Yeisig fo) ey 34% 
Sino 0 ol ie pa 45% 
Nitrated cotton 

Optional Constituents:—Slate; calcium 


sulfate; aniline. 


Woodward, G. E. 
E.P.—9,277 
Issued—April 22, 1904 
See French Patent 344,048, U.S. Pat- 
ent 803,952. 


Akt.-Ges. Fur Anilin Fabrikation 

E.P.—9,962 
Issued—April 30, 1904 

Pyroxylin, collodion cotton, or cel- 
luloid is dissolved in methyl alcohol 
or a mixture such as acetic ether and 
methyl alcohol, or of alcohol, ether, 
and acetic ether. Dyestuffs and pig- 
ments may be added if colored, opaque 
layers are desired. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter-Meer 
E.P.—15,435 
Issued—July 11, 1904 | 
See French Patent 341,556. 


Homberger, W. 

E.P.—17,232 
Issued—Aug. 6, 1904 

A luster is imparted to celluloid 
articles by a short immersion in acetic 
anhydride, or a mixture of acetic anhy- 
dride and glacial acetic acid, to which 
a liquid carbon compound such as 
toluene, chloroform, ether, etc., may 
have been added. 


Krais, P. & Bradford Dyers’ Associa- 

tion 
E.P.—18,742 
Issued—Aug. 10, 1904 

Solutions of nitrocellulose in amyl 
formate are applied to fabrics to fix 
the “Schreiner finish.” 

See also French Pt. 351,844. 


149 


Didier, 4 
E.P.—22,245 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1904 
See French Patent 336,970. 


Koller, H. 
Eng. Pat.—26,072 
Issued—1904 
Celluloid dissolved in acetone or 
amyl acetate is recommended as an 
adhesive for use in the manufacture 
of hats. 


Maxim, H. 
E.P.—28,376 
Issued—Dec. 27, 1904 

A varnish for coating a rod of ex- 

plosive which is to be burnt at one end, 
consisting of equal parts of collodion, 
guncotton and gum camphor, prefer- 
ably in acetone, to prevent the flame 
from spreading to the sides. 

Optional Constituents:—Ether and alco- 
hol, wood alcohol, amyl acetate. 


Lederer, L. 
E.P.—6,751 
Issued—March 30, 1905 
Acetylene tetrachloride, alone or 
mixed with other liquids, is used as a 
solvent for the fatty-acid esters of cel- 
lulose, resins, etc., in making lacquers. 
See French Patent 352,897 of 1905. 


Behal, A. 

E.P—11,512 
Issued—June 1, 1905 

Borneols are substituted for camphor 
in the production of celluloid from 
nitrocellulose. Ethyl acetate is used 
as a solvent for the borneols. 

See also French Pat. 349,970. 


Cathelineau, H. and Fleury, A. 
Eng. Pat.—12,277 
Issued—June 13, 1905 

See French Pat. 354,942. 


Cathelineau, H. and Fleury, A. 
English Patent—12,278 
Issued—June 13, 1905 

See addition to 
354,942. 


Bindewald, H. 
E.P.—15,912 
Issued—Aug. 3, 1905 


French Patent 


150 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


To form an enamel-like surface on Pearson, H. P. 


wood, a coating containing softened 
Russian glue, a pigment, and collodion 
is applied. 


Reuhl, G. P. 
E.P.—18,383 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1905 
Mouldings, mirror frames, etc., are 
coated to imitate gilding by spraying 
on to the moulding a composition con- 
sisting of gun-cotton, amyl acetate, 
commercial wood spirit, shellac, and 
bronze powder. 
Kraemer & Van Elsberg, Ges. & 
Kraemer, G. 
Eng. Pat.—26,201 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1905 
See USP. 942,395, French Patent 
379,589. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter-Meer 
E.P—2,817 , 
Issued—1906 

Camphor is substituted by acetyl 
derivatives of halogenated aromatic 
amines, e.g., chloracetanilid. 


Arnold, G. E.; Fox, A. S.; Scott, A. C.; 
Roberts, H. E, U. 
E.P—3,450 
Issued—Feb. 12, 1906 

A varnish prepared by dissolving 

nitrostarch, either alone or mixed with 
nitrocellulose in a solvent such as wood 
spirit, acetic ether, or nitrobenzene, 
and denitrating the mass. Camphor, 
oils, gums, coloring matter, fish scales, 
insoluble carbonates or _ sulphates, 
sodium tungstate, or zinc chloride may 
be added. 


Annison, R. H. & Oliver, G. T. 

E.P—4,577 
Issued—Feb. 24, 1906 

A specially prepared nitrocellulose 
solution, consisting of a non-explosive 
nitro body in ether-alcohol solution, 
may be mixed with pigment and a 
heavy oil or glycerine, for coating pur- 
poses. For obtaining special effects a 
final coating consisting of venice tur- 
pentine, shellac, and methylated spirits 
may be applied. 


E.P.—5,072 
Issued—March 2, 1906 

Varnishes for waterproofing straw or 
palm leaf hats consists of solution of 
wax or gum resin in benzene, or col- 
lodion in amyl acetate. 


Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik 
E.P.—8,077 
Issued—April 3, 1906 

Camphor substitute: alkyl-acyl de- 
rivatives of polychloranilines contain- 
ing three or more atoms of chlorine, 
two of which are in ortho positions to 
the amino group. 

Optional Constituents:—s-Methyl] acetyl 
trichlor anilide, s-mono ethyl acetyl 
trichlor anilide, s-ethyl benzoyl trichlor 
anilide, as-ethyl acetyl tetrachlor ani- 
lide, as-methyl acetyl tetrachlor ani- 
lide, s-benzyl acetyl tetrachlor anilide, 
benzyl-benzoyl tetrachlor anilide, s- 
benzyl acetyl trichlor anilide. 

See also D.R.P. 180,203, D.R.P. 
180,204, French Pat. 365,297. 


Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik 
Eng. Pat.—10,288A 
Issued—May 1, 1906 
See French Patent 366,106—of 1906. 
See U.S. Patent 892,899. 
See D.R.P. 180,126. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter-Meer 
E.P—16,271 
Issued—July 18, 1906 
In the manufacture of celluloid, car- 
boxylic acid derivatives (formyl, 
acetyl, ethoxalyl and benzoyl) of sec- 
ondary aliphatic-aromatic amines are 
employed as camphor substitutes, e.g. 
methyl aniline, alkyl naphthyl amines. 
See also French Pat. 377,671, Can. 
Pt. 103,036. 


Reuhl, G. P. 
E.P.—18,383 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1906 
Gun-cotton is dissolved in commer- 
cial amyl acetate in specific propor- 
tions. 


Claessen, C. 
E.P.—20,037 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1906 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Camphor substitute. Ureas are used 
in which the hydrogen associated with 
the nitrogen is substituted by organic 
radicals, 


Claessen, C. 
E.P.—21,493 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1906 
A plastic mass in which collodion 
cotton is gelatinized with tetra-substi- 
tuted ureas or sulpho ureas, with or 
without addition of solvents. 


Yukacs, A. 
E.P.—24,587 
Issued—Nov. 3, 1906 
Wood picture frames are coated 
about three times with a celluloid so- 
lution. A thin coating of shellac may 
be applied over the last celluloid coat. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—592 
Issued—Jan. 9, 1907 
Combinations of nitrocellulose, cel- 
luloid or cellulose acetates with or- 
ganic acid esters of high boiling point, 
particularly the esters of phthalic acid 
are suitable for imparting resistance 
to water to textile fabrics. 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose ......... 
Ethyl phthalate 
Suitable solvent 


100 parts 
50-150 parts 


eres eeeve 


Marino, P. 
E.P.—5,891 
Issued—March 11, 1907 
See French Patent 376,399 of 1907, 
US.P. 893,634, D.R.P. 206,471. 


Lederer, L. 
E.P.—9,537 
Issued—April 24, 1907 
See French Patent 377,010. 
See also U.S.P. 1,195,060. 


Bethisy, L. L. & Fouchard, L. F. 
E.P—11,397 
Issued—May 15, 1907 
See French Patent 368,004, U.S. Pat- 
ent 894,108. 


Kraemer, G. & Kraemer & Von Elsberg 
E.P.—11,928 
Issued—May 22, 1907 


151 


Threads, fiber, etc., are impregnated 
with a solution of pyroxylin contain- 
ing chlorhydrin and a sulfonic acid 
derivative of an aromatic ester, chlo- 
ride or amide. The threads have silky 
lustre and increased tensile strength. 

Type Formula: 


LODO cts tha ry Ve ves 450 parts 
ACELONES 3) oi Nees <6 6 350 parts 
Collodion wool ........ 100 parts 
Dichlorhydrine sc 3.2. 50— 60 parts 
Para toluene sulfonic 

ehloridas Reuse au, 250-350 parts 

Rouxeville, E. A. L. 

E.P.—13,023 
Issued—1907 


Camphor is substituted by the poly- 
merization products of turpentine and 
sulfuric acid. 

See French Patent 376,269 of 1906. 


Eisenmann, R. 
Eng. Pat.—15,536 
Issued—July 5, 1907 

As a substitute for the camphor 

usually used, in the collodion with 
which incandescent mantles are 
stiffened, there are used the following 
substances: compound esters, alde- 
hydes, and _ nitro-compounds of 
aromatic substances, such as, benzalde- 
hyde, heliotropin, nitrobenzene, o- 
nitrotoluene, and certain ketones 
(acetophenone) and substituted amides 
(acetanilide). 


Tiller, F. R. & Benzinger, O. L. & 

Meyer, R. A. 
E.P.—18,416 
Issued—Aug. 14, 1907 

A coating composition consisting of 
finely pulverized mica mixed with so- 
lutions of pyroxylin, collodion, or 
celluloid in amyl acetate, ether, etc. 
Colouring matter may be added if de- 
sired. 

See also French Pat. 381,195. 


Tas, H. & David, J. 
E.P.—22,528 
Issued—Oct. 12, 1907 
A plastic composition suitable for 
waterproofing and repairing leather, 
rubber, and like articles. 


152 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


ONY ce Ce es oes eae 10 parts 
Wood pulp -lys.5 eecen vhs 10 parts 
Asphaltnm’ So.. .cxkwesae dave 40 parts 
Cellioid 2) ist erecaen eae 10 parts 
TIACRESC | av oaie es cee aie epee 20 parts 
Gutta-percha ...........6;. 5 parts 
Shellie’ cos vera s exec 5 parts 
Authes, M. & Lloyd, E., Ltd. 
E.P.—24,214 


Issued—Nov. 1, 1907 

A sensitising solution for producing 
images on glass, etc., consisting of 
ammonium or sodium bichromate, and 
a soluble carbohydrate dissolved in 
water, mixed with nitrocellulose, dis- 
solved in ether or acetone and alcohol. 

Type Formula: 


Ammonia bichromate ..... 2 gms. 
Soluble carbohydrate ...... 4 gms, 
Nitrocellulose: <2). waasvase« 2 gms, 
ether s8 5 so vee oe ree 50 ¢.c. 
Alonboh. 3.5.4 >. eerie nee SL DOSC.G, 
Water. 2.206 co sew oes eee 5 ¢.c. 


Dubosc, L. A. 

E.P.—413 
Issued—Jan. 7, 1908 

The ester formed on treating turpen- 
tine oil with hydrochloric acid and 
then with an alkali formate in the 
presence of an excess of formic acid 
boils at 210° C. and forms an excellent 
solvent for nitrocellulose when mixed 
with an equal amount of alcohol. 


Stevens, W. J. 
E.P.—4,390 
Issued—Feb. 26, 1908 

A plastic composition, consisting of 

nitrocellulose, anhydrous zine chloride, 
camphor, amyl acetate, and sodium 
carbonate. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........ 150 parts wt. 
Anhydrous zine chloride 100 parts wt. 
CAMphorsn loses chee 70 parts wt. 
Amyl acetate ......... 150 parts wt. 
Sodium carbonate ..... 15 parts wt. 


Optional Constituents:—Methanol, pig- 
ments. 


Closmann, E. A. 
Eng. Pat.—8,618 
Issued—1908 


Linen is coated with a solution of 
collodion cotton in amyl acetate con- 
taining zinc white. 


Desvaux, L. & Allaire, H. 


E.P.—9,313 
Issued—April 29, 1908 
See French Patent 388,097 of 1908. 


Assadas, S. 


E.P.—9,982 
Issued—May 7, 1908 
See French Patent 387,537 of 1907. 


Cutter, A. 


E.P—13,221 
Issued—June 22, 1908 

For bronzing board for picture 
mounts, frames, etc., a paint is used 
consisting of bronze powder mixed 
with collodion, or preferably with a 
solution of celluloid in amyl] acetate. 


Siedentopf, O. 


E.P.—13,516 
Issued—June 25, 1908 

In applying finely divided metal, 
etc., to leather, canvas, straw, etc., a 
lacquer composed of celluloid and 
amyl acetate is used. 


Meyer, F. 


E.P.—19,735 

Issued—Sept, 19, 1908 
See French Patent 393,963 of 1908. 
See U.S. Patent 1,175,791. 


Manissadjan, H. B. 


E.P.—27,201 
Issued—Dec. 15, 1908 

To produce a plastic composition, 
acetyl cellulose is dissolved in a suit- 
able solvent and there are added 
non-drying oils, esters of phenols, 
cresol or naphthol, or their derivatives 
formed by substitution of the nucleus 
to increase the plasticity and reduce 
the inflammability. 


Payne, A. 


E.P.—28,415 
Issued—June 22, 1908 

In photo-engraving and etching, a 
metal plate is coated with a protective 
layer of collodion, bitumen, resin, etc. 


BRITISH PATENTS 153 


Pianko, S. & Knaster, H. 
E.P—28,743 
Issued—Dec. 31, 1908 
A surface dressing for waterproofing, 
colouring, and strengthening the inner 
splits of tanned hides, consists of castor 
oil, aniline or mineral colouring- 
matter, or metallic bronzing, and dis- 
solved celluloid. 


Galay, J. D. & Galay, B. D. 
B.P.—1,715 
Issued—Jan. 23, 1909 

Films are made from a composition 
comprising collodion solution, glycer- 
ine or vegetable oil, and powdered 
metal such as aluminium. 


Bruckner, W. 
E.P.—1,799 
Issued—Jan. 25, 1909 

Linen is waterproofed by treating it 
with a solution of nitrocellulose in 
acetone, amyl alcohol, acetic acid, and 
zinc chloride or a compound of a soft 
metal, such as antimony, lead, etc. A 
solution of resin, soap, etc., or paraffin 
oil may be added. 


Commercial Products Co., Ltd. 
E.P.—4,154 
Issued—Feb. 19, 1909 

See French Patent 402,028 of 1909 


Schloss, A. & Furst Guido Donners- 
marck’Sche, Kunstseiden und Acetat- 
werke 
E.P.—6,554 
Issued—March 18, 1909 

See U.S.P. 922,340. 


Wetter, J. 


E.P.—7,743 
Issued—March 31, 1909 

Cellulose acetate has its elasticity 
permanently increased by treatment 
with solutions of inorganic acids such 
as hydrochloric acid. The substance 
may be treated in the form of fila- 
ments, films, etc. 


Lederer, L. 
E.P.—8,945 
Issued—April 15, 1909 
Sheets or films of durable softness 


and suppleness are produced by adding 
to the cellulose acetate, or its solution, 
a small quantity of an organic acid 
ester of a mono- or poly-hydric phenol, 
or of a phenol ether or of a homologue 
or nuclear substitution derivative of 
these bodies. Resorcin diacetate is 
recommended. 
See also French Pat. 402,083. 


Hart, A. M. 


E.P.—11,340 
Issued May 13, 1909 

An oil preparation for admixture 
with spirit and celluloid in the prep- 
aration of waterproofing materials 
consists of animal fat mixed with 
vegetable or mineral oil, or oil ob- 
tained from seed waste. 


_Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 


E.P.—11,354 
Issued—May 13, 1909 
See F.P. 408,370. 
See also U.S.P. 1,031,616. 


Lederer, L. 


E.P.—11,625 
Issued—1909 

Filaments, films, etc., are produced 
from a solution of cellulose acetate and 
nitrate in a mixture of acetone and 
acetylene tetrachloride, with subse- 
quent denitrification. 

See also French Pat. 402,072, sa iee 
Pat. 42,440—1910. 


Reeser, H. J. G. 


E.P.—12,976 
Issued—June 2, 1909 

A celluloid substitute is produced 
by dissolving. cellulose acetate in a 
mixture of ethyl alcohol or methylated 
spirit, or other alcohol of the same 
series, with benzene, toluene or other 
hydrocarbon of the benzene series. 
Camphor and aceto-chlorhydrin are 
used as plasticizers. 

See also French Pat. 411,126. 


Dockree, R. D. 


E.P.—15,841 
Issued—1909 

Kinematograph films are brofacted 
from moisture, stains, etc., by coating 


154 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


the gelatin side of the film with a var- 
nish consisting of a solution of cellu- 
loid in glacial acetic acid, amyl acetate, 
and a small proportion of sulfuric acid. 


Chem. Fab. Griesheim Elektron 
E.P—15,855 
Issued—July 7, 1909 
Camphor is wholly or partly re- 
placed by dihydroxy di-phenyl sul- 
fone in the preparation of celluloid. 
See French Patent 404,886. 


Douque, A. 
E.P.—17,449 
Issued—July 27, 1909 

See F.P. 403,761. 


Friedlander, M. & Tuebben, P. 
E.P—23,547 
Issued—March 15, 1909 
Linen, etc., is provided with a wash- 
able surface by coating it with a solu- 
tion of celluloid containing. a small 
proportion of wax. 


Zimmer, A. A, A. 

Eng. Pat.—24,006 
Issued—1909 

Linen, etc. is waterproofed and 
glazed by saturating in rubber, gutta- 
percha or stearic acid, partly drying 
and coating with a nitrocellulose solu- 
tion obtained by dissolving celluloid 
in dichlorhydrin or in a mixture of 
tetrachlorethane and acetone. 

See French Pat. 422,763. 


Parkin, W. C. & Williams, A. 
E.P.—26,657 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1909 
A composition obtained by treating 
cellulose with sulfuric and nitric acid 
is incorporated with camphor or its 
substitutes and with “suitable” sol- 
vents. It may also be worked with 
glycerine derivatives together with oils, 
with solvents and with filling materials. 
See also French Patent 421,010. 


Pauthonier, U. J. A. 
E.P.—27,102 
Issued—Nov. 22, 1909 
Compound esters of cellulose with 
acetic and sulpho-fatty acids are mixed 


with camphor or its substitutes, for the 
production of celluloid compositions. 
Suitable sulfo-fatty acids are sulfo- 
ricinoleic and sulfopalmitic, and sulfo- 
margaric acids. 


Mijnssen, C. 

E.P.—476 
Issued—1910 

Compound films are composed of 
one or more independent layers of 
hard acetylcellulose or hard acetyl- 
cellulose mixtures united with one or 
more layers of soft homogeneous duc- 
tile and flexible substances, such as 
mixtures of nitrocellulose, resins, or 
asphalt, with softening agents. The 
following substances are recommended 
as softening agents: phenols, chlor- 
hydrins, guaiacol, acetin, aniline, 
acetophone, etc. 

See also French Pat. 411,298. 


Lilienfeld, L. 

E.P.—636 
Issued—Jan. 10, 1910 

Condensation products obtained by 
treating drying oils, — particularly 
Chinese wood oil, or the fatty acids of 
such oils, with amido-derivatives of 
aromatic hydrocarbons or with deriva- 
tives thereof, in the presence of 
condensing-agents, may be used in 
combination with nitrocellulose or 
acetyl cellulose for the production of 
films or coating compositions. 


Peters, H. 
E.P.—870 
Issued—Jan. 12, 1910 
A composition for coating linen. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate 
Methylated ether 
Amyl] alcohol 
Chloracetic acid 
Optional Constituents: — Nitrobenzol, 
amyl silicate, methyl silicate, castor 
oil. 
See also French Pat. 420,127. 


Eichengrun, A. 
EK.P.—1,441 
Issued—Jan. 19, 1910 
See French Patent 412,797. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Bruckner, W. 

E.P.—1,799 
Issued—Jan. 24, 1910 

The linen, preferably previously pre- 
pared with a starch solution to which 
zinc chloride has been added, is 
treated with a solution of nitrocellu- 
lose in a mixture containing acetone, 
amyl alcohol, a little acetic acid and 
zinc chloride. 

See also D.R.P. 241,781, 
238,361. 


(ool 


Knoll & Co. 
E.P.—3,559 
Issued—1910 

Cellulose-acetate films are produced 

by treating solutions of cellulose ace- 
tate spread out in layers with precipi- 
tating agents which are miscible with 
the solvent. For example, a solution 
in acetic acid may be precipitated by 
water. 


Farbwerke, F., Bayer & Co. 
Eng. Pat.—4,364 
Issued—1910 
See also French Patent 418,309 of 
1910. 


Eichengrun, A. 
E.P.—4,959 
Issued—1910 
A paper and leather lacquer. 
Acetyl cellulose is sprayed onto dull, 
flexible threads of rubber, metal, etc., 
and then removed therefrom. 
See French Patent 413,901. 


Zimmer, A, A. A. 
K.P. —6,519 
Issued—March 15, 1910 

Linen articles are impregnated with 

nitrocellulose or celluloid dissolved in 
alcohol and ketone solvents of different 
boiling points of composition given 
below. 

Type Formula: 


Pere eIeet Ses ol) Ps a ee sss 60 parts 
PPOs cdr ee kl. eels as 30 parts 
OMS lei Ore Pee 5 parts 
ETC aN Wltie a's « ole's ss ofc 5 parts 


Meckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
E.P.—6,608 
Issued—1910 


155 


A noninflammable celluloid substi- 
tute is made from acetyl cellulose and 
phosphates or  thiophosphates of 
phenol, cresol, or naphthol, or their 
derivatives which are insoluble in 
water. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose .......0.... 100 kg. 
Triphenyl phosphate ........ 35 kg. 
Tricresyl phosphate ......... 30 kg. 
Trinaphthylphosphate ...... 30 kg. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Eng. Pat.—8,646 
Issued—April 9, 1910 
See also French Pat. 414,679 of 1910, 
French Pat. 413,658, Aust. Pat. 47,244, 
Aust. Pat. 55,109, Swiss Pat. 51,644. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. | 

E.P.—8,647 
Issued—1910 

Cellulose esters containing the 
radicles of acetic acid and a second 
acid such as sulfuric or phosphoric 
acids, are combined with esters of 
phenols, cresols, or naphthols, or their 
derivatives substituted in the nucleus, 
to produce non-inflammable films. 


Clement, E. F. 

E.P.—10,320 
Issued—1910 

A non-inflammable celluloid is ob- 
tained by adding to a mixture of-a 
solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, 
and camphor, a substance containing 
colloidal silica. To 90% of the cellu- 
lose compound is added 10% of one 
of the ethyl silicates. 

See also French Pat. 402,569. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

E.P.—10,794 
Issued—1910 

Acetyl cellulose is mixed with a so- 
lution of triphenyl phosphate or its 
equivalent, such as trichlorphenol or 
tricresyl phosphate dissolved in a suit- 
able solvent such as acetone, chloro- 
form, ethyl acetate, acetylene tetra- 
chloride or a mixture of these, with or 
without alcohol. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
E.P—10,795 
Issued—1910 


156 


A composition similar to celluloid is 
made from a mixture of acetyl cellu- 
lose, preferably 100 parts, and urea, 
1-2 parts, with or without triphenyl 
phosphate or its equivalent. 


Zimmer, A. A. A. 

E.P.—12,406 
Issued—April 21, 1910 

Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a 
mixture of trichlorethane, castor oil 
and camphor. A solvent for cellulose 
butyrate consists of a mixture of ace- 
tone, trichlorethylene, castor oil, and 
camphor. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. 
Eng. Pat.—13,100 
Issued—May 30, 1910 
See Add. to Fr. Pat. 408,370. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
E.P.—13,692 
Issued—1910 
A composition containing nitrocel- 
lulose and benzylbenzoate is produced 
by treating the former with the latter, 
for example in solution in alcohol, 
wood spirit, amyl acetate, etc. 
See also US.P. 1,233,374, 
1,292,819, Fr. Pat. 416,843. 


USP. 


Peters, H. 
E.P.—14,293 

‘Issued—June 13, 1910 

Trinitrocellulose or triacetyl cellu- 

lose are dissolved in methylated ether 
diluted with amyl alcohol. Small 
quantities of castor oil and amyl or 
methyl] silicate may be added. 

Optional Constituents:—Calcium  car- 
bonate, barium carbonate, zinc sul- 
phide, sodium casein, methyl aldehyde, 
glycerin. 


Bayer, F. & Co. 

E.P.—14,364 
Issued—1910 

Films are made from organic cellu- 
lose esters by means of pentachlor- 
ethane in conjunction with a solvent 
or diluent, as a liquefying agent, the 
pentachlorethane remaining in the final 
product. : 

See also Swiss Pat. 52,438. 

See also Aust. Pat. 46,991. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Rampichini, F. 

Eng. Pat.—14,586 
Issued—1910 

An adhesive consisting of nitrocel- 
lulose with or without camphor or 
coloring matter, or celluloid, dissolved 
in acetone or other suitable solvents 
such as methyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, 
benzol, nitrobenzol, or glacial acetic 
acid. 

See also French Pat. 415,945. 


Bayer, F. & Co. 

E.P.—16,932 
Issued—1910 

Cellulose ester solutions are pro- 
duced by means of a solvent consist- 
ing of a mixture of symmetrical 
dichlorethylene and alcohol, with or 
without other solvents. 

See also Swiss Pat. 52,273, French 
Pat. 418,309. 


Golby, F. W. & Abrle, H. C. 
E.P.—17,427 
Issued—July 22, 1910 
A varnish consisting of an india rub- 
ber solution containing a small addi- 
tion of celluloid varnish. 


‘Eichingrun, A. 


Eng. Pat.—18,076 
Issued—1910 
Addition to Eng. Pat. 14411910 
See Ist addition to French Pat. 
412,797. 


Eichengrun, A. 
E.P.—18,189 
Issued—July 30, 1910 
See French Patent 418,744 of 1910. 
See U.S. Patent 1,185,074. 


Hart, A. M. 
E.P.—18,607. 
Issued—Aug. 6, 1910 
Fabrics, paper, etc., are waterproofed 
by treatment with a composition of 
non-explosive nitrocellulose dissolved 
in ether and methylated spirit, mixed 
with oil (see 11340/09) and diluted 
with methylated spirit. For fireproof- 
ing, sodium tungstate may be added. 
See also U'S.P. 1,131,929, French Pat. 
433,012. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Borzykowski, B. 
E.P.—21,719 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1910 
Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a 
suitable solvent, such as _ acetone, 
chloroform, benzol, alcohol, etc., for 
the preparation of plastic compounds. 
Optional Constituents:—Formy] cellu- 
lose, glue, wax, resin. 


Walker, H. V. 
E.P—22,309 
Issued—Sept. 26, 1910 
Olefine oxides containing up to eight 
carbon atoms are employed as solvents 


for pyroxylin. Benzine, petroleum, 

etc., may be mixed with olefine oxides. 
Royle, F. 

E.P—22,311 


Issued—Sept. 26, 1910 

Hats are stiffened with nitrocellu- 
lose, celluloid, collodion, or the like 
dissolved in amyl acetate, etc. 


Eichengrun, A. 
E.P—27,258 
_ Issued—Nov. 23, 1910 
See French Patent 419,530 of 1910. 


Medveczky, S. de 
E.P.—27,283 
Issued—Nov. 23, 1910 
See German Patent 239,773 of 1910, 
French Patent 436,245, Swiss Patent 
58,686. 


Snowden, F. & Seaton, & Young, D. A. 
E.P.—28,848 
Issued—Dec. 12, 1910 

Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a 

suitable solvent containing boric acid 
or a borate. Other fireproofing agents 
such as sodium tungstate, ammonium 
phosphate, etc., may be used in con- 
junction with the boric acid, etc. 


Ver. Glanzstoff-Fabriken 
E.P.—29,246 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1910 
See French Patent 423,774 of 1910. 
See Austrian Patent 54,512. 
See German Patent 249,535. 


Bacigalupi, A. E. 
E.P.—29,273 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1910 


An incombustible composition for 


printing plates. 


‘157 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ........... 50-70% 
eee Bo soe 
Sey be teeta deem 5-10% 


Dittmar, H. 
E.P.—2,064 
Issued—Jan. 27, 1911 

Material for balloon envelopes, and 

other purposes impregnated with a 
solution of celluloid, consisting, for 
example, of 100 parts of celluloid dis- 
solved in acetone, 5 parts of castor oil, 
10 parts of amyl acetate, and 5 parts 
of collodion. 


Jerne, H. 
' BP—2,145 
Issued—Jan. 27, 1911 
To render eggs impermeable, they 
are coated first with gelatin and then 
with a mixture of nitrocellulose ‘and 
camphor dissolved in amyl acetate, 
acetone, or methyl acetate, preferably 
the first. 


Wahl, A. 
E.P.—3,139 
Issued—1911 
Solutions of cellulose acetate are 
prepared with solvents composed 
wholly or in part of methyl formate. 


Rampichini, F, 

E.P.—4,253 
Issued—Feb. 20, 1911 

A waterproof adhesive, useful for 
uniting fibrous and porous materials, 
such as cloth and leather, is made by 
dissolving celluloid in an acetone solu- 
tion of gum lac. 
*See German 253,984. 


Koller, G. 
E.P.—4,744 
Issued Feb. 25, 1911 
Solutions and compositions are ob- 
tained by treating cellulose acetate or 
mixtures containing it, with mono or 
poly-hydric phenols and _ trichlorethy- 
lene or perchlorethylene, or both. 
See also French Pat. 440,133, Aust. 
Pat. 59,580. 


158 


Leduc, Heitz & Co. 

Eng. Pat.—6,798 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1911 

Fabrics for aeroplane wings, bal- 
loons, etc., are waterproofed by coat- 
ing them with solutions of cellulose 
esters of organic acids, such as cellu- 
lose acetate, formate, propionate, buty- 
rate, etc., e.g. cellulose acetate is dis- 
solved in acetone, or in acetone with 
B-naphthol or fB-naphtholester, or in 
acetone and denatured alcohol. 

See also French Pat. 429,788. 


Ver. Glanzstoff-Fabriken 
Eng. Pat.—8,313 
Issued—April 3, 1911 
A plastic mass is obtained by treat- 
ing cellulose formate with lactic acid. 
See also French Pat. 428,069. 


Hesse, F. 

E.P.—10,708 
Issued—May 3, 1911 

Fabrics are coated by applying cel- 
luloid or nitrocellulose in the powdered 
form and then softening by means of 
a thin solution of the same, or a solu- 
tion of shellac or resin in alcohol, 
acetone, acetic ether, etc. 


Doerflinger, W. F. 

E.P.—11,728 
Issued—May 15, 1911 

Cellulose-ester solutions are pro- 
duced by dissolving nitrocellulose or 
acetyl cellulose or both in diacetone 
alcohol with or without a diluent or 
another solvent. Solutions of resins 
and oils in diacetone alcohol may also 
be added to the solutions. 

See also U.'S.P. 1,003,438, French Pat- 
ent 429,754, D.R.P. 246,967. 

Lilienfeld, L. 

E.P.—14,142 
Issued—June 14, 1911 

Layers, masses or threads of cellu- 
lose or its derivatives (such as nitro or 
acetyl cellulose) are rendered pliant by 
the addition of poly-fatty acids, such 
as poly ricinoleic acid, with or without 
pigments, filling materials, binding 
agents or adhesives, or other softening 
agents. Suitable poly-fatty acids can 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


be obtained from the ammonia or 
alkali compounds of sulfonated fatty 
acids, such as Turkey red oil or the 
like. 


Dusseldorfer Celluloid Fabr. 

E.P.—15,945 
Issued—July 10, 1911 

Plastic products are produced from 
nitrocellulose, camphor, or camphor 
substitutes, fats or oils, by heating the 
fats and oils before mixing with the 
celluloid mass, with organic substances 
containing negative constituents, such 
as nitrotoluenes, chlorophenols, and 
the like. 


Hewett, P. C. 
E.P.—16,271 
Issued—1911 
A fluorescent film consisting of a 
fluorescent dye-stuff, preferably rhoda- 
mine, mixed with approximately 70% 
by weight of cellulose acetate, 10% 
of glycerine, and 20% of acetic acid. 
This mixture is dissolved in acetone 
to form an approximate 12% solution. 
See also French Pat. 432,483. 


Hartmann, C. 


E.P.—16,810 
Issued—July 21, 1911 a 
See German Patent 244,566 of 1910. 


Eichengrun, A. 
E.P.—18,076 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1910 
Addition to E.P. 1,441 of 1910 
See Addition of 3/19/10 to French 
Patent 412,797 of 1910. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—20,975 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1911 
See French Patent 432,264 of 1911. 


Dreyfus, H. 

E.P.—20,976 

Issued—July 5, 1911 

‘Cellulose acetates and other car- 
boxylates are dissolved in a mixture of 
one or more of the following: tetra- 
chlorethane, pentachlorethane, dichlor- 
ethylene, trichlorethylene, with or 
without alcohols, acetone, or analogues 


BRITISH PATENTS 


thereof. Camphor substitutes, such as 


manol, may be added, as well as oils, 
coloring or filling materials. 


Leduc, Heitz Et Cie 
E.P.—21,426 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1911 
See French Patent 429,788 of 1911. 


Plinatus, W. 

E.P.—25,449 
May 15, 1911 

Gelatine or the like is mixed with 
neutral or acid esters of the poly- 
valent alcohols or their derivatives of 
the fatty acid series, such as the 
acetins, or with mixed esters or suit- 
able salts of such acid esters, with or 
without glycerine or the like. By the 
aid of such esters, solutions of gelatin- 
ous substances may be mixed with 
solutions of caoutchouc, cellulose de- 
rivatives, camphor, etc. 


Medveczky, S. Van 
Eng. Pat.—27,283 
Issued—1911 
See D.R.P. 239,773, Fr. Pat. 436,245, 
Swiss Pat. 58,686. 


McLaurin, R. A. 

E.P.—27,969 
Issued—Dec. 13, 1911 

A non-woven fibrous material is 
saturated with a solution of glue and 
glycerine in water, dried and calen- 
dered, then coated with nitrocellulose 
or celluloid and calendered. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—1,378 
Issued—1912 
Viscose poor in alkali can be used 
either alone or in admixture with color- 
ing matter or pigments for coating 
wood, paper, ete. 

Optional Constituents:—Soot; coloring- 
earths; lakes; mica; dyestuffs of the 
indanthrene, algol, helindon series; 
glycerine; sugar; soap; turkey red oil; 
mercaptans, sulphides and_ polysul- 
phides of hydrocarbons and alcohols; 
ethers; mercaptols, esters, sulfuric or 
sulphonic acids; sulphoxides, sulphones, 
castor oil, caoutchouc, etc. 


159 


Pink, L. 
E.P.—3,612 
Issued—1912 
Corks are dipped in a solution of 
celluloid in amyl acetate, dried, and 
then treated with sulfuric acid in order 
to render the coating pergamentaceous. 


Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik 
Eng. Pat—3,869 
Issued—1912 
Esters of cyclopentanol, cyclohex- 
anol, and of homologues of these com- 
pounds, with lower fatty acids are 
employed as solvents of nitrocellulose 
either alone or in combination or 
admixture with other substances such 
as camphor, alcohol, or castor oil. 
Suitable esters are cyclohexanol for- 
mate and acetate. 
Type Formula: 
o-Methylcylohexanol formate 
Cyclopentanol acetate 
6-Methyleyclopentanol acetate 
See also USP. 1,045,895, D.R-P. 
251,351, Swiss Pat. 59,164, Swiss Pat. 
61,611. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
Eng. Pat.—7,292 
Issued—March 25, 1912 
See also French Patent 440,733. 


W ageshauser, C. 

- E.P.—10,222 
Issued—April 30, 1912 

Bottles are sealed by dipping them 
in a cold lacquer composed of a solu- 
tion of nitrocellulose in ethyl chloride 
and methyl] alcohol, which is free from 
acetone and water, with an admixture 
of alcohol, benzol (or benzine) and 
castor oil, bronzing powder, and color- 
ing matter. 


Danzer, H. 

E.P.—13,239 
Issued—1912 

Cellulose acetates and other esters 
are dissolved with the formation of 
plastic masses by glycerine and glycide 
ethers obtained by combining glycerine 
with alcohols, phenols, or compounds 
having a phenol group. Suitable ethers 
are: diphenyl glyceryl ether, phenyl- 
glycide, chlorinated diphenylglyceryl 


160 


ethers obtained from chlorinated 
sodium phenolates and alpha and beta- 


dichlorhydrin, and_ dicresylglyceryl 
ethers. 
See French Patent 443,031. 
Hunter, C. W. 
E.P.—17,155 


Issued—July 23, 1912 

A waterproof varnish is obtained by 
mixing collodion varnish with 5-20% of 
its weight of tung oil. 


Rosen, J. 
E.P.—17,953 
Issued—Aug. 2, 1912 

Artificial mother-of-pearl is made by 
superposing thin layers of materials 
which differ in chemical and physical 
properties. One of these layers may 
be obtained from a solution composed 
of nitrocellulose in alcohol and ether 
to which may be added an emulsion 
of amyl acetate and a solution of an 
alkaline silicate. 


Beatty, W. A. 
E.P.—18,822 
Issued—Aug. 16, 1912 
See French Patent 447,645 of 1912 


McLennan, A. 
E.P.—21,081 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1912 

Leather is rendered waterproof and 
non-slipping by treating it with a mix- 
ture of rubber solution, celluloid solu- 
tion, and gum juniper and resin in 
ether and benzol, etc. 


Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik 


E.P.—21,368 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1912 
Fully hydrogenized monocyclic 
ketones with five or six carbon atoms 
in the ring are used as solvents for 
nitrocellulose in the production of 
lacquers. Cyclopentanone, cyclohex- 
anone, and their homologues are given 
as examples. Benzene, ligroin, colours, 
dammar, copal, pine resin, and linseed 
oil may also be used. 
See US. Patent 1,166,790. 
German Patent 263,404. 
English Pat. 23,544—1912. 
Swiss Pat. 64,710 
Aust. Pat. 64,393. 
French Pat. 459,006. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


B.ak DuPont de Nemours Powder Co. 


Eng. Pat.—22,622 
Issued—October 4, 1912 
Aldols such as acetaldol are used 
for the production of nitrocellulose so- 
lutions and compositions. 
See also Swiss Patent 63,137. 
French Patent 449,606. 
D.R.P. 292,951. 
Aust. Pat. 72,493. 


E. I. Dupont de Nemours Powder Co. 


E.P.—22,623 
Issued—October 4, 1912 
See French Patent 449,606 of 1912. 
Swiss Patent 63,136. 
US.P.—1,082,573 
D.R.P—292,951. 
Aust.P —72,493. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 


E.P.—23,544 
Issued—October 12, 1912 
Solutions suitable for lacquering are 
obtained by dissolving nitrocellulose 
in a fully hydrogenized mono cyclic 
ketone containing five or six carbon 
atoms in the ring; benzine, petroleum 
spirit, or other hydrocarbon,. and lin- 
seed oil may be added. 
See US. Patent 1,166,790. 
German Pat. 263,404. 
English Pat. 21,368—1912. . 
French Pat. 459,006. 
Aust, Pat. 63,393. 
Swiss Pat. 64,710. 


Grote, L. 


E.P.—23,728 
Issued—October 17, 1912 

A specified cellulose acetate is mixed 
with glacial acetic acid, acetic an- 
hydride, acetone, carbon tetrachloride 
and chemically pure glycerine. Load- 
ing or filling material may be added. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate (as de- 


scribed) /“i4.2 ase ae 5 parts 
Glacial acetic acid......... 100 parts 
Acetic anhydride ......... 100 parts 
Acetone... . cos iaks ome sap iwate 50 parts 
Carbon tetrachloride ..... 50 parts 
Glycerin (¢.p.2) “sean 5 parts 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Peck, J. W. 

E.P.—23,777 
Issued—October 17, 1912 

Gauze is impregnated with a solu- 
tion of celluloid which has been ren- 
dered non-inflammable by the addi- 
tion of a _ solution of ammonium 
chloride, calcium chloride, or other me- 
tallic chloride in methyl alcohol. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—28,210 , 
Issued—April 6, 1912 
A phenol ester remaining liquid at 
0°C. is used as a softening agent in 
cellulose ester compositions. 
Type Formula: 


el (5) 15) bee Mens RON an ea 60 parts 
POCUOIE ici Sei vecéess s 30 parts 
OOEUROUIOE 6 oso fy. seas c's 10 parts 
Ortho tricresyl phosphate... 10 parts 


Optional Constituents: 
Creosote phosphate 
Creosote carbonate 
Creosote oleate 
See French Patent 456,261 of 1912. 
See also U.S.P.—1,217,123. 


E. I. Dupont De Nemours Powder Co. 
Eng. Pat.—29,963 
Issued—December 30, 1912 
A mixture of halogen derivatives of 
-.more than one hydrocarbon of the 
paraffin series, such as a pentane and 
hexane mixture is halogenized, and the 
product then acetylated. The mixture 
of olefines, halogenolefines, and mono- 
and di-acetic esters is fractionated and 
used as solvents for nitrocellulose. 


Peck, J. W. 
E.P:—2,425 
Issued—January 29, 1913 

Cellulose acetate or other uninflam- 

mable cellulose ester or double ester 
is dissolved in or mixed with acetone, 
ete. Castor or other suitable oil or 
camphor, or celluloid solution contain- 
ing metallic or ammonium chloride, or 
any combination of these substances 
may be added to the cellulose ester 
solution. 


Duclaux, J. 
E.P.—2,465 
Issued—January 30, 1913 
See French Patent 439,721 of 1912. 


161 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—6,387 
Issued—1913 

Cellulose ethers are dissolved in 

suitable solvents, for example, alcohol, 
benzene or the like, or mixtures there- 
of. Tricresylphosphate, triphenylphos- 
phate, camphor, pigments, etc., may be 
added to the mixture. 


Rampichini, F. 
Eng. Pat.—7,086 
Issued—1913 
See U.S. Pat. 1,089,960. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Eng. Pat.—7,418 
Issued—March 28, 1913 
See French Patent 455,811. 


Shrager, C. & Lance, R. D. 

E.P.—8,283 
Issued—1913 

Products resembling celluloid are 
obtained by the addition of large 
quantities of metal resinates, particu- 
larly aluminium resinate, to viscose 
and nitrocellulose solution. 


Thomsen, P. F.; Luii, J. A.; Dam, W. J. 
van 
E.P.—8,880 
Issued—Jan. 14, 1913 
A composition for glazing paper 
tiles consists of celluloid, nitrocellu- 
lose, amyl acetate and acetone. 


Petroczy, S. von 
E.P.—12,804 
Issued—1913 

Dopes for aeroplane wings are made 

of cellulose esters of organic acids and 
rendered more supple by the addition 
of camphor or its substitutes and less. 
inflammable by the admixture of phos- 
phoric esters of phenol and acetic 
esters of glycerine. 

Optional Constituents: 
Triphenylphosphate 
Dipheny! phosphate 


Chemische Fabrik Griesheim Elektron 
E.P.—14,246 
Issued—1913 
Ethylidene ethers and esters are 
used as solvents for cellulose esters. 


162 


Triplex Safety Glass Co. 
Eng. Pat.—15,386 
Issued—1913 
Glass coated with gelatin is then 
treated with a solution of celluloid in 
acetic acid, acetic ether, and amyl 
formate or ethyl butyrate. 


Plinatus, W. 

E.P.—16,940 
Issued—July 23, 1913 

Solutions of cellulose esters and or- 
ganic acid esters are prepared with the 
aid of aliphatic or aromatic esters of 
polyhydric alcohols, such as the buty- 
rates, the acetins, the esters of benzoic 
acid and glycerine, and the esters of 
glycol, Substances such as camphor, 
waxes, resins, oils, caoutchouc, and 
tar products may be dissolved in the 
solutions. 

See French Patent 476,991. 


Akt.-Ges, Fur Anilin-Fabrikation 
E.P.—17,953 
Issued—August 6, 1913 
Solutions of cellulose nitrate are pre- 
pared by the addition of a large pro- 
portion of di- or trichlorethylene or 
a mixture thereof, to a concentrated 


solution of the nitrate in an organic | 


solvent, such as amyl acetate or ace- 


tone. 
See also Aust. Pat. 69,916. 


Beatty, W. A. 
E.P.—18,499 
Issued—June 19, 1913 
Cellulose nitrate or acetate is in- 
corporated with camphor and a con- 
densation product of a ketone and a 
phenol (eg. dihydroxydiphenyldi- 
methyl methane obtained from acetone 
and phenol), with or without the use 
of other solid solvents such as cam- 
phor substitutes. 
See also U.S.P.—1,158,960. 
Aust. Pat.—63,966. 


Akt.-Ges. Fur Anilin-Fabrikation 
E.P.—21,015 
Issued—1913 
In the production of coatings by 
applying solutions of acetyl- or nitro- 
acetyl-cellulose in tetrachlorethane, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


amyl alcohol or a substance containing 
it, like fusel oil, is added to the solu- 
tion to increase the solvent power of 
the tetrachlorethane. 


Hausel, B. 
E.P.—23,957 
Issued—October 22, 1913 
A waterproofing composition (nitro- 
cellulose or celluloid) is used for book- 
binding fabrics. 


Chemische Werke Vorm. Dr. H. Byk 

E.P.—25,182 
Issued—November 8, 1913 

Lacquers are prepared from cellu- 
lose esters by employing as a solvent 
a lactic acid ester with or without aro- 
matic hydrocarbons or other diluents. 
When ethyl lactate is used, the fol- 
lowing substances are suggested as 
diluents: xylene, benzene, toluene, al- 
cohol, chloroform, and acetone. 


Finkler, A. 

E.P.—26,079 
Issued—November 13, 1913 

A composition for forming a water- 
proof covering on walls, plaster, etc., 
consisting of celluloid dissolved in ace- - 
tone or wood spirit, vegetable tar, and 
colophony dissolved in ether, and 
manganese borate. 


Riley, L. J. 
E.P.—28,490 
Issued—December 10, 1913 
A solution of cellulose acetate in 
acetone and acetylene tetrachloride is 
used for coating cigarette papers. 


Macdonald, D. B. 
E.P.—714 
Issued—January 10, 1914 
The composition given below is 
recommended for coating leather. 
Type Formula: 
Pyroxylin, castor oil, ethyl alcohol, 
light ketone, benzol, and amyl acetate. 
Optional Constituents: 
Acetone 
Acetone oils 
Benzine 
Wood naphtha 
Amy] alcohol 


tee ets 


BRITISH PATENTS 163 


Optional Constitwents—Continued: 


Ethyl acetate 
Resins 

Terpenes 

Oil of camphor 
Glacial acetic acid 
Ethyl alcohol 
Methyl] alcohol 
Wax 

Canada balsam 


Helbronner, A. & Crequebeuf, G. E. 


E.P.—1,262 
Issued—1914 

Methyl acetate alone or mixed with 
methyl alcohol and acetone is em- 
ployed as a solvent for cellulose esters. 


Schroder, R. 


E.P—2,326 
Issued—1914 

A solution of various oils with the 
addition of camphor is applied to a 
kinematograph film to remove or pre- 
vent the formation of “rain-streaks.” 


Lilienfeld, L. 


E.P.—3,370 
Issued—1914 

Carbohydrate ethers, alone or mixed 
with colloids, binding, thickening, soft- 
ening, or plastic substances, oils, fats, 
balsams, waxes, paraffins, resins, cellu- 
lose derivatives, camphor, phenyl 
phosphates, camphor substitutes, etc., 
are employed in making plastic masses 
and celluloid substitutes. 


Girzik, E. 


E.P.—4,668 
Issued—1914 

In the preparation of artificial 
leather, a cotton fabric is coated with 
a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, 
acetone, etc., mixed with softening 
agents and aluminium hydroxide, 
dried, and dyed with basic dyes in an 
acid bath. 


Nathan, F, L.; Rintoul, W.; & Baker, 


F, 
Eng. Pat.—4,940_ 


_Issued—May 26, 1914. 


See also U.S.P.—1,338,691. 
French Pat. 470,041. 


Akt.-Ges, Fur Anilin Fabrikation 
E.P.—5,633 
Issued—1914 
The composition given below may 
be used for coating fabric, leather, ete. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... ... 100 parts 
EPIGORLUIN Cat see Poet ee 150 parts 
Cork sIpeaipey oar erase a 


phthalate, colours, amyl alcohol. 


Claessen, C. 
E.P.—6,893 
Issued—March 18, 1914 
Artificial mother-of-pearl is pro- 
duced by adding to a cellulose ester 
solution, luster producing material, 
such as fish-scale tincture. 


British Patent Surfrite Co., Meadway, 
E. G. 
E.P.—7,087 
Issued—March 20, 1914 
A metallic paint is made by dis- 
solving gum mastic in rubber solution 
and adding metallic powder, celluloid 
solution, and celluloid solvent. In the 
example given, naphtha and amyl ace- 
tate are the solvents specified. 


Eichengrun, A. 
E.P.—7,899 
Issued—1914 

Fabrics are rendered washable and 

fireproof by treating with solutions of 
fatty acid esters of cellulose containing 
fireproofing agents, such as tungstic, 
silicic, sulphurous, or boracic acid, or 
their salts, or the noninflammable 
chlorine derivatives of aniline. 


Finkler, A. 
E.P.—8,126 
Issued—March 31, 1914 

A dry mixture of powdered zinc- 

white, white lead, and aluminium is 
added to a solution of shellac so as to 
form a thin paste, which is made up 
to the proper consistency by a solu- 
tion of celluloid in acetone. 

Type Formula: * 


Celluloid solution ......... 700 gms. 
Almira a ee eee 30 gms. 
Shellac sol. (in spirit)...... 100 gms. 
White leaden a6 5 ee 130 gms. 
FANG AWHILE ee ee 40 gms. 


164 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
E.P.—9,270 
Issued—April 14, 1914 
Products resembling celluloid are 
manufactured from cellulose derivative 
and acyl derivatives of a completely 
hydrogenized aromatic base, such as 
acetyldicyclohexylamine, or paratolu- 
ene-sulpho-dicyclohexylamine. 
See U. S. Patent 1,200,886. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose. oy ice Sete 82 parts 
Acetyldicyclohexylamine ... 35 parts 
Alcohol 


Matthews, F. E. & Elder, H. M. 
E.P.—11,635 
Issued—May 11, 1914 
The inflammability of celluloid is re- 
duced by mixing it with the product 
obtained by the reaction of sulphur 
dioxide on pseudo-butylene. 


Alpe, R. J. & Moore, F. 
E.P.—12,895 
Issued—May 26, 1914 

A lacquer for coating the steering 

wheels of automobiles, consisting of 
celluloid dissolved in amyl acetate 
and acetone mixed with rubber solu- 
tion in mineral naphtha. 


Hardcastte, J. H. & Taylor, A. H. 

E.P.—13,100 
Issued—May 28, 1914 

A varnish for coating fabrics, com- 
posed of cellulose acetate, acetone, al- 
cohol, benzene, trichlorethylene, and 
chloroform, with or without an addi- 
tion of resorcinol diacetate for giving 
greater flexibility. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 

E.P.—14,042 
Issued—June 10, 1914 

Solutions suitable for lacquers are 
prepared by dissolving acetyl cellulose 
in a fully hydrogenized monocyclic 
ketone, particularly cyclohexanone or 
methyl cyclohexanone, with or with- 
out another solvent or diluent, such as 
alcohol, acetone, ethyl acetate, or ben- 
zene. 

See also D.R.P. 284,672. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Fabriques de Produits de Chimie Or- 
ganique de Laire 
E.P.—17,501 
Issued—1914 
Celluloid is stabilized by means of 
ureas of the general formula RR’N. 
CO.NR’R’, where R,R2= alkyl, R’,Rs 
= aryl; methylphenylethyl-o-tolyurea, 
ethylphenylmethyl-o-tolylurea, methyl- 
ethyldi-o-tolylurea, and _ diethyldi-o- 
tolylurea are specified. 


Baker B. D. 
E.P.—18268 
Issued—August 7, 1914 
Articles like wheel rims and door 
handles are coated with a lacquer-like 
solution of celluloid in a mixture of 
acetone and American turpentine by 
brushing or spraying and then im- 
mersing in a viscous solution of cellu- 
loid in acetone, amyl acetate, and 
American turpentine which has been 


allowed to stand until free from air 
bubbles. 


E. I. DuPont de Nemours Co. 
Eng. Pat.—24,033 
Issued—December 14, 1914 

See U.S. Pat. 1,118,498 


Graves, S. 

E.P.—140 
Issued—January 4, 1915 
A coating-composition impervious to 
water, hydrocarbon oils, etc., consist- 
ing of a mixture of pyroxylin, dextrin, 
and alcohol and ether or wood alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin’ = ses... 34 

White dextrin -....2 7) eee 4 oz. 
Castor Oils. s28)ee 3 OZ. 
Canada turpentine .......... Sinz. 
Wood aleohol Nasiies eee eal. 


Optional Constituents:—Turpentine, cas- 
tor oil, olive oil, nitroglycerine, pig- 
ments, ethyl alcohol, ether. 


Compagnie Generale des Etablisse- 
ments Pathe Freres Phonographe et 
Cinematograph 

E.P.—2,067 


Issued—1915 
Isoprene or its homologues or 
analogues, in course of polymerization, 


BRITISH PATENTS 165 


are added to cellulose esters for the 
manufacture of non-inflammable kine- 
matograph films, ete. 


Trivelli, A. P. H. 

E.P.—7,956 

Issued—1915 

Lacquers for renovating kinemato- 
graph films consist of solutions in 
hydrocarbons, alcohols, and _ esters 
(provided they are not celluloid sol- 
vents) of oils hardening when exposed 
to the air. 

Type Formula: 

Methyl alcohol 

Ethyl alcohol 

Pyroxylin 

Drying oil 

Salts of abietic acid 

Optional Constituents:—Benzol, methyl 
valerianate. 


Vandervell, C. A. 
E.P.—12,075 
Issued—August 21, 1915 

A cement for ebonite articles con- 
sisting of a solution of celluloid in 
amyl acetate or other solvent. 


Kent, F. W. & Middleton, I. 
E.P.—12,091 | 
Issued—August 21, 1915 

A composition containing non- 
anhydrous acetic ether, alcohol, and 
pyroxylin is recommended for use on 
a waxed surface as a base for photo- 
graphic purposes. Water, glycerine, 
soap, mannite, etc., may be used to 
obtain porosity. 


St. Armande, A. V. 
E.P.—12,839 
Issued—September 8, 1915 

A layer of cellulose acetate, to 
which may be added a little B-naph- 
thol as a germacide, is inserted be- 
tween the inner and the outer sole 
of a boot or shoe. 


St. Armande, A. V. 
E.P.—12,840 
Issued—September 8, 1915 

A mixture of nitrocellulose, nitrated 
castor oil or other oil, and a germicide 
such as #-naphthol, is used for wa- 
terproofing the soles of footwear. 


Riley, W. J. 


E.P—15,428 : 
Issued—November 2, 1915 

Cellulose acetate solutions are pre- 
pared by dissolving the cellulose ace- 
tate in a solvent, for example, acetone 
and then adding amyl acetate to the 
solution. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 8 parts 
PVALONE een tore te eke 40 parts 
WINVEOCEURLO . cece cis cc ees 42 parts 


Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. 


E.P.—102,114 
Issued—May 22, 1916 

A composition used in the manufac- 
ture of artificial leather consists of ni- 
trated cotton and a vegetable oil, pre- 
ferably rapeseed oil, dissolved in a 
suitable solvent. 


Ferrier, J. P. & Peters, T. J. 


E.P.—104,742 
Issued—March 17, 1916 

A lantern plate to which written or 
other matter may be transferred is 
made by coating a transparent support 
with a mixture of banana oil (amyl 
acetate with cellulose nitrate) and 
white shellac varnish. 


Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. 


E.P.—105,137 
Issued—May 4, 1916 

An impregnating and coating com- 
position consists of pyroxylin dis- 
solved in ether and alcohol, celluloid, 
canada balsam, castor oil, and rubber. 
Aniline dyes soluble in spirit or oil, 
preferably yellow or red dyes, and me- 
tallic pigments such as aluminium may 
be added. | 


Duratex Co.—Alexander, A. E. 


E.P.—106,336 
Issued—May 22, 1916 

A varnish composed of a solution of 
nitrated cotton and a vegetable oil, 
preferably rape-seed oil, used for coat- 
ing fabrics in the manufacture of arti- 
ficial leather. 


St. Armande, A. V. 


E.P—106,375 
Issued—August 16, 1916 


166 


A waterproofing composition con- 
sisting of a solutidn of nitrocellulose, 
acetate of cellulose, cellulose formate, 
cellulose propionate, or celluloid. 
Resins, camphor, acetanilid, pigments, 
etc., may be added to the solution. 


Wheatley, R. 
E.P.—112,483 
Issued—June 1, 1917 

A solution of acetyl cellulose or 
nitrocellulose or both is mixed with 
a proportion of a suitable coloured 
substance which is soluble in the solu- 
tion and which will remain soluble in 
the dried dope; for example, “Oil 
amber” is added to a butyl acetate 
solution of nitrocellulose. 
Optional Constituents: —‘Oil amber” in 
benzol and methyl alcohol. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—114,304 
Issued—March 22, 1917 

In the manufacture of celluloid or 
films having a basis of cellulose ace- 
tate, the proportion of softening agents 
incorporated with the cellulose acetate 
is varied according to the relative vis- 
cosity of the latter. With a cellulose 
acetate having a relative viscosity 8-12, 
triacetin equivalent to 10-15% of the 
weight of the cellulose acetate may be 
incorporated, while with an acetate 
having a viscosity of 35-45 on the 
same scale, the proportion of triacetin 
may be increased to 40-50%. 

See U. S. Patent 1,325,931. 


Farbenfabriken Vorm, F. Bayer & Com- 
pany ° 
E.P.—115,855 
Issued—April 20, 1917 
Films formed of cellulose derivatives 
are jointed together or to paper, wood, 
cloth, etc., by covering the surfaces 
to be joined with ethers or esters of 
phenols or naphthols which are non- 
volatile solvents for the cellulose de- 
rivatives. B-Naphthol amyl ether, 
diethyl ester of resorcin dicarboxylic 
acid, and resorcin diacetate are men- 
tioned as suitable compounds. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—118,891 
Issued—September 14, 1917 
Non-inflammable celluloid masses, 
particularly those having a basis of 
cellulose acetate, are subjected in the 
course of manufacture to pressures of 
300 kg. per square inch and more, 
which is at least double the pressure 
usually employed. 


E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. 


E.P.—122,456 
Issued—January 21, 1918 

A lacquer, which may be used in the 
manufacture of artificial or patent 
leather, consists of pyroxylin dissolved 
in a mixture of alcohol, benzol, and a 
small proportion, for example 3-15% 
of an acetic acid ester boiling between 
77 and 180° C., for example ethyl or 
amyl acetate. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co, 


Eng. Pat.—122,679 
Issued—1919 

A pyroxylin composition composed 
of nitrocellulose, camphor, pigment, 
animal or vegetable oil,—preferably 
castor oil, or wax, and a solvent such 
as alcohol, benzol, ethyl acetate, ace- 
tone, or methyl acetone. 


Cellon, Ltd., Tyrer & Co., T., & Tucker, 
T 


E.P.—123,628 
Issued—March 26, 1918 

Dopes, varnishes, lacquers, etc., are 
formed by dissolving nitrocellulose in 
isobutyl] isobutyrate, alone or together 
with other solvents such as acetone, 
butyl acetate, or other acetic acid 
esters. 


Grolea, J. & Weyler, J. L. 


E.P—123,712 
Issued—February 25, 1918 

Varnishes, dopes, and plastic films 
having a basis of cellulose acetate con- 
tain as solvents or plastifying agents 
neutral esters of tartaric or citric acid 
with higher aliphatic alcohols such as 
normal or isobutyl or isoamyl] alcohol. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. 
E.P.—123,752 ; 
Issued—January 19, 1918 

A dope used for coating aeroplane 
wings consists of nitrocellulose dis- 
solved in a mixture of butyl acetate, 
benzol, and ethyl acetate. 


British Emaillite Co. & Goldsmith, J. N. 
E.P.—124,515 
Issued—February 25, 1916 
Acetanilide, with or without triace- 
tin, is added to cellulose ester dopes 
for aeroplanes. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 
Triphenyl phosphate 
Acetone 
Triacetin 
Acetanilide 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl acetone, 
methyl ethyl ketone, benzol. 
See also French Pat. 498,949. 


Tesse, T. F. 
E.P—124,763 
Issued—January 3, 1916 

A coating composition for aeroplane 

fabrics consists of a dilute solution cel- 
lulose acetate in acetone and methyl 
acetate containing a small proportion 
(2-5%) of a solvent of high boiling 
point and a similar small quantity of 
an inert material such as zinc oxide or 
organic coloring matter. The high 
boiling solvent may comprise bodies 
of the methyl propyl phenol series, 
such as carvol, eugenol, iso-eugenol, 
methyl eugenol,  safrol, isosafrol, 
charibetol. 

Optional Constituents:—Triacetin gly- 
ceryl-benzoate, benzyl alcohol, aceto- 
acetic ether, pyridine. 


Zimmer, A. A. A. & Bryce, J. A. & Da- 
vies, G. L. 
E.P.—124,807 
Issued—April 12, 1916 
A composition consisting of about 
equal parts of cellulose acetate and 
cresylic acid is thinned with solvents, 
such as acetone, benzol, and alcohol, 
for use as a varnish for aeroplane 
wings, etc. 


167 


Tesse, T. F. 

E.P.—124,844 
Issued—January 3, 1916 

In a process for coating aeroplane, 
etc., fabrics a layer of cellulose acetate, 
etc., containing solvents of high boil- 
ing point is imprisoned between two 
layers free from or containing but 
small quantities of the solvents. 

See also 124,763. 


Soc. Nauton Freres et De Marsac & 

Tesse, T. F. 

E.P.—126,989 
Issued—May 1, 1916 

Ad. to 124,763. 

Esters of phthalic acids, such as the 
diethyl ester of isophthalic acid, or the 
ethyl ester of cinnamic acid, may 
be used as high boiling point solvents 
in aeroplane coating compositions. 
Aluminium, bronze, and copper pow- 
ders are used as inert materials. 


Huebner, J. 
E.P.—127,027 
Issued—March 20, 1917 . 
Varnishes or dopes are prepared by 
dissolving cellulose acetate in a mix- 
ture of acetic or formic acid, methyl 
or ethyl alcohol and water. 

Optional Constituents:—Acetone, methyl 
acetate, ethyl acetate, dyestuffs, mor- 
dant pigments, oils, fats, fireproofing 
substances, castor oil, sulphonated cas- 
tor oil. 


Dreyfus, C. 

E.P.—127,615 
Issued—April 30, 1917 

Cellulose acetate solutions or com- 
positions are mixed with lanolin. 
Camphor substitutes, triacetin, acetani- 
lid, benzyl alcohol, terpineol, solvents 
such as acetone, dyes, pigments, me- 
tallic powders, etc., may be added. 


Dreyfus, C. 
E.P.—127,678 
Issued—May 24, 1917 

Cellulose acetate solutions or com- 

positions are mixed with drying oils, 
such as boiled linseed oil. 

Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, ace- 
tanilid, acetnaphthalid, triphenyl phos- 


168 


phate, tricresyl phosphate, benzyl al- 
cohol, terpineol, turpentine, lanolin, 
castor oil, acetone, methyl acetate, 
methyl acetone, gold size, dyes, pig- 
ments, metallic powders. 


Dreyfus, H. 

E.P.—128,215 
Issued—June 10, 1919 

In making varnishes containing cel- 
lulose acetates, cyclohexanone and its 
homologues such as methyl or di- 
methyl cyclohexanone are used as sol- 
vents or camphor substitutes, either 
alone or with other solvents such as 
methyl or ethyl alcohol, acetone, 
methyl acetate, or mixtures of methyl 
acetate and methyl] alcohol. 

Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol, 
chlorbenzyl alcohol, diphenyl carbinol, 
acetophenone, o- or p-methylacetophe- 
none, alkyloxy derivatives of aceto- 
phenone, or benzophenone, methoxy- 
phenone, ethoxyphenone. 

See French Patent 432,264 of 1911. 


Dreyfus, H. & Dryners, H. D. 

E.P.—128,274 
Issued—August 3, 1916 

A transparent fabric for use in the 
construction of aircraft amd for other 
purposes, comprises cellulose acetate 
reinforced with a metallic fabric. The 
cellulose acetate is applied in solution 
in tetrachlorethane or acetone. 


Groves, S. E. & Ward, T. W. H. 9 
E.P.—128,659 
Issued—August 28, 1917 
A varnish for aeroplanes consisting 
of a solution of cellulose ester in ace- 
tone, etc., to which is added a hydro- 
scopic substance such as chloride of 
zinc, calcium, magnesium, or tin, or a 
mixture of these chlorides. The chlo- 
ride lowers the viscosity of the dope. 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, benzol. 


British Aeroplane Varnish Co. 

& Groves, S. E. 
E.P.—128,974 
Issued—September 6, 1917 

The fabric of aircraft planes is 
evenly tensioned by the application of 
a dope or varnish containing a wax 
or a mixture of waxes. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 
Celluloid 
Acetone 
Aleohol 
Benzol 
Beeswax ° 
Paraffin 


British Aeroplane Varnish Co. 

& Ward, J. G. 
E.P.—129,033 
Issued—September 29, 1917 

The viscosity of varnishes consisting 
of cellulose esters dissolved in organic 
solvents such as ketones or esters to 
which may be added diluents such as 
benzol, benzene homologues or alco- 
hol, or softening agents such as oils 
or gums, is preserved by the addition 
of small quantities of an organic 
polybasic acid such as tartaric or cit- 
ric, sufficient to neutralize the alka- 
linity. A salt of the acid may be 
used instead. 

See French Patent 499,703. 


Soc. Anon, Des Etablissements 
Hutchinson 
E.P.—129,630 
Issued—July 6, 1918 
A waterproofing composition com- 
prises a solution of cellulose acetate 
and caoutchouc in suitable common 
solvents, more especially in hydrocar- 
bons containing chlorine. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 60 parts 
Caoutehoue ...2.. 166. 20 parts 
Tetrachlorethane ........... 60 parts 


Optional Constituent s:—Softening 
agents, colored materials, organic or 
inorganic loading materials. 


Cellon, Ltd., Tyrer & Co., T., Chambers, 
P. H. & Feasey, G. T. 
E.P.—130,402 
Issued—February 15, 1918 
Cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, or 
other cycloketones or alkyl or aryl sub- 
stitution derivatives are added in 
small proportions to cellulose acetate 
solutions for use as aeroplane dopes, 
etc. The proportion is less than the 
amount of cellulose acetate contained 
in the solution. 
See U.S.P. 1,339,728. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


MacDougall, J. & James, S. T. T. 
E.P.—130,896 
Issued—January 29, 1919 
In a process of colouring photo- 
graphs, etc., the prints are treated with 
a coating material preferably consist- 
ing of one part xylonite in solution, 
two parts mastic varnish, and two 
parts pale drying oil. 


Baker, T. 
Assigned to F. DuPont 
E.P.—130,962 
Issued—August 8, 1918 
Cellulose-nitrate solutions. A dope 
for coating aeroplane wings, identical 
with that described in Spec. 131,273. 


Sutherland, D. M.; & Wall Paper Manu- 
facturers, Ltd. 
E.P.—131,082 
Issued—April 24, 1918 
Varnishes containing cellulose esters 
are thinned with borated benzol, con- 
sisting of boracic acid and benzol, for 
the purpose of imparting fire-resisting 
qualities. 
Optional Constituents:—Benzyl alcohol. 
See also French Patent 499,868. 


Groves, S. E. & Ward, T. W. H. 
E.P.—131,093 
Issued—April 29, 1918 
Ad. to 128,659 

Ammonium chloride is added to var- 

nish containing a hygroscopic chloride 
or a mixture of hygroscopic chlorides 
as described in Spec. 128,659. 


E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co. 
E.P.—131,273 
Issued—August 8, 1918 
A dope for coating aeroplane wings 
consists of nitrocellulose dissolved in 
a mixture of butyl acetate, benzol, and 
ethyl acetate. 


Soc. Nauton Freres et de Marsac & 
Tesse, T. F. 
E.P.—131,369 
Issued—January 23, 1918 
A plastic coating containing a solu- 
tion of cellulose acetate in acetone or 
methyl acetate, a solvent such as 
benzyl alcohol or aceto-acetic ester, a 


169 


softening body such as triacetin, a sol- 
vent of high boiling point such as 
eugenol or isoeugenol, and moist col- 
ouring matters is used to diminish the 
visibility of aeroplanes. 


Cumbers, F. & British Cellulose & Chem. 
Manuf, Co. 
E.P—131,384 
Issued—June 10, 1918 
Fabrics of aeroplane wings are 
coated and rendered taunt with a dope 
or solution of cellulose acetate, pro- 
pionate, nitrate, or other derivative in 
solvents of high or low boiling point 
together with softening agents, etc. 
While the fabric is still wet a film or 
sheet of a cellulose derivative is ap- 
plied. 


Rintoul, W., Nolan, T. J. & Nobel’s 
Explosives Co. 
E.P.—131,389 
Issued—June 14, 1918 
The use of urethanes containing, at- 
tached to the nitrogen atom, two aro- 
matic groups, one of which is a benzyl 
or substituted benzyl group, as gela- 
tinizing agents in nitrocellulose ex- 
plosives. 
Type Formula: 


INTE FOCOLIIIOSE 240 ates tae oe 50 % 
Nurogivcerine 9.25 ie. eae oe 41 % 
Benzyl paratolylurethane..... 8.5% 
Diphenylurethane ............ 10% 
Ethylbetanaphthyl ether...... 5% 


Optional Constitwents:—Phenylbenzyl- 
urethane, benzyltoluolurethane. 


Barr, A. J. A. W. & Lazelle, H. 
E.P.—131,641 
Issued—July 2, 1918 
Metallic powder and mineral or in- 
organic pigments are added to dopes 
consisting of solutions of cellulose 
esters for coating aeroplane fabrics. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate dope..... 780 gals. 
eliowerochtelcdie! 4 5 iV ees 11 lbs. 
RULER IATING Shs ess oes 5 lbs. 
PANOTORIOOU Foe aka Saree 10 lbs 
Aluminum powder ........ 13 lbs 


Gilmour, R. & Dunville & Co., W. 
E.P.—131,647 
Issued—July 4, 1918 


170 


Acetaldehyde, alone or mixed with 
other solvents or non-solvents, is em- 
ployed as a solvent for cellulose ace- 
tate. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 
Ethyl acetate 
Benzene 

Optional Constituents:—Acetic acid, 
acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, benzene, amyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—131,669 
Issued—July 24, 1918 
Acetyl acetone and ethylidene ace- 
tate are used as solvents for making 
dopes, ete. 

Optional Constituents:—Acetone, alco- 
hol-benzene, methyl acetate, benzyl] al- 
cohol, triacetin, triphenyl phosphate, 
methyl phthalate. 


Arosio, M. 

EP 131,901 2) 
Issued—August 28, 1919 

Celluloid or acetyl cellulose solutions 
are used for coating sheets, plates or 
articles of wood, vulcanized fibre, 
parchment paper, parchment or other 
hygroscopic material. 


Arosio, M. 
E.P—131,916 
Issued—August 28, 1919 
Wooden articles are covered with 
vulcanized fiber which is then coated 
with a film of celluloid, acetyl cellu- 
lose, ete. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—132,283 
Issued—April 29, 1918 
See Also U.S.P. 1,353,384 and Brit- 
ish Patent 133,353. 
Cellulose-acetate compositions for 
use in making dopes, etc., contain as 
solvents or plastifying agents the 
liquid mixtures of isomeric xylene sul- 
phonamids. 

Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, mono-, di-, 
or tri- methyl urea, mono-, or di- ethyl 
urea, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Arent, A. 
E.P—132,813 
Issued—September 20, 1918 

Varnishes consist of a hydrolyzable 

compound of antimony or bismuth in 
a volatile, non-aqueous solvent, such 
as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, 
carbon bisulphide, etc., and a varnish 
or a varnish base such as cellulose 
esters. 

Optional Constituents:—Antimony tri- 
chloride, antimony triiodide. 


Gilmour, R. & Dunville & Co. 

E.P.—132,996 
Issued—December 17, 1918 

Lacquers or varnishes are prepared 
by dissolving cellulose nitrate or cellu- 
loid in n-butyl or isobutyl formate to 
which may be added other solvents or 
diluents such as acetone, ethyl ace- 
tate or amyl acetate. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—133,353 
Issued—April 29, 1918 
See U.S.P. 1,353,384 and British Pat- 
ent 132,283 
Cellulose acetate compositions for 
use in making dopes, etc., contain as 
' solvents or plastifying agents o-toluene 
monoethyl sulphonamide. 
Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate, triphenyl phosphate, aliphatic 
derivatives of urea. 


E, I. du Pont de Nemours Co. & 
Flaherty, E. M. 
E.P.—133,972 
Issued—October 17, 1919 
See U.S.P. 1,321,611. 
See also Can. Pat. 196,151. 


De Haln Chemische Fabrik List Ges 

E.P.—134,228 
Issued—October 23, 1919 

Porous membranes are prepared by 
evaporating the solvent from a film 
of a solution of cellulose ester in a 
plurality of solvents individually ca- 
pable of dissolving the ester and vola- 
tile at ordinary temperature, the 
evaporatoin being conducted in a 
moist atmosphere, the temperature 
and humidity of which is maintained 
substantially constant. 


BRITISH PATENTS 171 


Type Formula: 

Glacial acetic acid 

Celloidine 

Acetone 

Optional Constituents:—Acetic — ether, 
chloroform, alcohols, ethers. 


Beck, A. & Nicholson & Sons, J. 
E.P.—134,899 
Issued—November 9, 1918 

A pigmented dope is formed by mix- 
ing a pigment, such as a mixture of 
yellow ochre, vegetable black, and 
prussian blue, with Chinese wood oil 
and a diluent such as benzol, and 
adding the mixture to cellulose ace- 
tate dope. 


Carlsson, O. & Thall, E. 
E.P.—136,141 
Issued—December 6, 1918 

The viscosity of solutions of nitro- 
cellulose or celluloid in the usual sol- 
vents is permanently reduced by heat- 
ing the solutions, while preventing the 
escape of the solvents, to a tempera- 
ture between 60° C. and the tempera- 
ture at which the solution becomes 
brown in color. 

See also U.S.P—1,375,208. 

French Pat.—505,438. 


Oliver, G. T. 
E.P.—136,433 
Issued—March 31, 1919 

A composition for spreading upon 
cloth is prepared by dissolving gum 
_ sandarac in castor oil and mixing the 
solution with celluloid dissolved in 
amyl acetate and methylated spirit. 
Optional Constituents:—Colours, ammo- 
nium phosphate, ammonium chloride. 


Titanine, Ltd., & Bowles, P. E. 
E.P.—136,927 
Issued—January 7, 1919 

A small addition of boric acid is 
made to cellulose ester varnishes, in 
order that they may retain their vis- 
cosity. If the varnish is acid, a borate 
may be added. 

See also 129,033. 


Jousset, A. & Laurent, P. 
E.P.—137,455 
Issued—February 5, 1919 
Ad. to 126,292 

A flexible adhesive for coating the 

inside and outside of the neck of an 
ampoule is composed of collodion with 
9% of castor oil. 


Bonwitt, G. 
E.P.—138,078 
Issued—January 17, 1920 
Furfural or a homologue or deriva- 
tive thereof is used as a solvent in the 
manufacture of varnishes from cellu- 
lose esters. The furfural may be used 
alone or in conjunction with other sol- 
vent or diluents. 
Optional Constitwents:—Alcohol, ben- 
zene, water. 
See also French Patent 519,536. 
D.R.P. Patent 331,285. 


Stevenson, W. J. 

End. Pat.—138,379 

Issued—August 21, 1918 
Non-inflammable films are made by 

mixing substantially equal amounts of 

triacetin and triphenyl phosphate with 

a solution of acetyl cellulose, said 

amounts being from 10-30% of the 

weight of acetyl cellulose. 


Arent, A. 

E.P —138,641 

Issued—February 5, 1919 
Cellulose-ester varnishes may be 

made to give fire-resisting coatings by 

the addition of a solution of a salt of 

an antimony-group metal, such as 

antimony trichloride. 


Vickers, Ltd., McKechnie, J. & Ryan, A. 
E.P.—142,615 
Issued—March 25,1919 
Fabrics having cellulose as princi- 
pal constituent, are converted par- 
tially or wholly into cellulose acetate. 
After treatment with a softening 
agent, such as triacetin or castor oil, 
and calendering, the fabric is doped 
and varnished. 


Ellis, F. E. 
E.P.—144,012 
Issued—March 31, 1919 


172 


A composition for coating a fabric 
to form a printers blanket consists of 
nitrocellulose and a non-drying vege- 
table oil, preferably castor oil. 

Type Formula: 


Witrocellninse 34 Advis oes 35% 
Castor-als 3: bora pea 50% 
Colouring matter :: 40a oe 15% 


Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik 
E.P.—145,511 
Issued—June 22, 1920 
Cellulose acetate soluble in acetone 
is dissolved in a fully hydrogenized 
mono-cyclic ketone such as_ cyclo- 
hexanone or methyl-cyclo-hexanone, to 
form solutions suitable for lacquering. 
Optional Constituwents:—Alcohol, ace- 
tone, ethyl acetate, benzene. 


Ges, f. Verwert. Chem. Produkte 

E.P.—145,546 
Issued—June 29, 1920 

Nitrocellulose solutions are applied 
to a fabric previously impregnated 
with a pliable medium, such as castor 
oil or a solution comprising softening 
agents. 


British Cellulose & Chemical Manufac- 
turing Co. 
E.P.—146,212 
June 30, 1919 
Varnishes consist of cellulose acetate 
and the aggregate of fatty acids ex- 
tracted from cocoanut oil. A volatile 
solvent such as chloroform, acetone, 
acetylene tetrachloride, or chloroform 
and alcohol, is added. 


Mond, A. L. 
E.P.—147,904 
Issued—July 9, 1920 

Finely divided cellulose acetate, with 

or without addition of pulverized min- 
eral fillers, softening agents, e.g. cam- 
phor substitutes, high boiling solvents, 
or fusible organic substances, e.g. 
resins, and preferably with addition, 
2-5% of an inert, low boiling liquid, 
or inert volatile organic substances, 
e.g. naphthalene is molded into vari- 
ous forms, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Feldmann, H. 
E.P.—148,117 
Issued—July 9, 1920 

A solution of celluloid in amyl ace- 

tate or ethyl lactate to which benzol 
or spirit, and a filler such as whiting, 
clay, or gypsum has been added, is 
applicable as a filling or coating mate- 
rial for irregular surfaces preparatory 
to painting or lacquering. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—149,319 
Issued—August 1, 1919 

Varnishes, lacquers and like coating- 

compositions are obtained by mixing 
alkyl or aralkyl ethers of cellulose, 
starch, dextrin, or other carbohydrates 
having the empirical formula (CeH0Os) 
or of their derivatives or conversion 
products, with 

Optional Constituents:—Benzene, ben- 
zene-alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, 
chloroform, chloroform-alcohol, ace- 
tone, acetone-alcohol, camphor, phos- 
phoric esters of phenol, animal or 
vegetable oils, dyes, filling materials, 
pigments. 


Balke, P. & Leysieffer, G. 
E.P.—154,157 
Issued—March 19, 1919 

Cellulose derivatives are mixed with 

water and a larger quantity of a gela- 
tinizing medium such as ethylacetani- 
lid than is required for gelatinizing the 
cellulose ester, but not exceeding the 
quantity by weight of the ester. (The 
use of alcohol or like solvents is 
avoided.) 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ..7.scnanse 400 gms 
Water ..s cc pace 260 gms 
Barytes | ovis anaes eee 1200 gms. 
Kthylacetanilid ..........: 300 gms. 
Optional Constituents:—Trichlorethyl- 


acetanilid, triphenyl phosphate, acetic 
acid glycerine ester. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Eng. Pat.—154,334 
Issued—August 26, 1919 
Dialkylsulphonamids, or mixtures 
of these with the monoalkylsulphon- 
amids mentioned in Specifications 


A i a lh ee ee a 


Para a" 


BRITISH PATENTS 


132,283 and 133,353 are used as high 
boiling solvents and plastic inducing 
agents in the manufacture of celluloid- 
hke masses from cellulose acetate. 

Optional Constituents:—Benzene mono- 
methylsulphonamid, benzene methyl- 
ethysulphonamid, mixtures of o- and 
p- toluene dimethyl or diethyl, or 
methylethylsulphonamids. o-Toluene 
dimethyl-or diethylsulphonamids, mix- 
tures of isomeric xylene dimethyl- or 
diethyl- or methylethylsulphonamids, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, mono-, di-, or tri-methyl- or tri- 
ethyl urea, colouring matter. 


Claessen, C. 

E.P.—155,778 

Issued—December 22, 1920 
Waterproofing composition. 
Nitrocellulose is mixed with a non- 

volatile liquid gelatinizing agent which 

is not readily inflammable, such as 

substituted urea or its thio or halogen 


derivatives. A plastic mass is ob- 
tained. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose .......... 25-50 parts 
Gelatinizing substance .. 20-40 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Filling matter, 
colouring matter. 


Koln-Rottweit Akt-Ges 
E.P.—156,095 
Issued—December 30, 1919 
A composition suitable for floor 
coverings, etc., consists of nitrocellu- 
lose mixed with a gelatinizing agent 
preferably non-combustible, such as 
tricresyl phosphate or paratoluolsul- 
phoacid amyl ester, together with cel- 
lulose, colouring, and filling material. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ........3... 350 parts 
ETE et alte Pave sss « 100 parts 
Phosphoric acid _ triortho 

eresy) €ster .:.......... 140 parts 
Secondary xylidin ........ 140 parts 
Pe fea eck eek s/n 00 300 parts 
Mineral colouring matter.. 100 parts 
OLY hs Reser. ga ea 50 parts 

Claessen, C. 

E.P.—156,096 


Issued—December 22, 1920 
Addition to E. P. 155,778 of 1920. 


173 


Nitrocellulose is dissolved in non- 
volatile liquid tricresylphosphates or 
thiophosphates, or in the halogen sub- 
stitution products of these. The solu- 
tion with addition of fillers and color- 
ing matter may be combined with fab- 
ric to form driving belts, floor cover- 
ings, etc. 

Type Formula: 


Mitrocellalases |. oc4..24.008 os 20-25% 
Tricresyl phosphate ........ 28-35 Yo 
Chalk or fossil earth..... 2. 15-20% 
Tenelish tied 2. ee, oe pecan. 2- 5% 
Ground sawdust cc... +...5e< 3.5-15% 


Leysieffer, G. 
E.P.—156,752 
Issued—January 10, 1920 

A cellulose ether is kneaded into a 

plastic mass with a volatile solvent, 
e.g. benzol, alcohol, acetone, ete. Thin 
sheets obtained from this are ground 
fine and moulded. 


Siemens-Schuckertwerke 

E.P.—157,119 
Issued—January —, 1919 

Ad. to 156,527 

Cellulose ethers, alone or mixed with 
bitumen, are used in solution in the 
form of a lacquer for insulating pur- 
poses. The ethers may contain one 
radicle only or two or more radicles 
of the same kind or of different kinds. 


Chem. Fabr. von Heyden A. G. 
E.P.—157,126 
Issued—January 8, 1921 
A film is obtained from a mixture 


containing cellulose acetate, bronze 
powder and acetone. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ........ 1 part 
Bronze powder .......... 5-15 parts 
AGGtONGE.o95) 2G oe ae 40 parts 


Soc. Nauton Freres et de Marsac 
Eng. Pat —158,521 
Issued—July 4, 1918 
See U. S. Pat. 1,426,521. 
French Pat. 495,000. 


Flaherty, E. M. 
E.P.—158,586 
Issued—July 8, 1919 


174 


Pyroxylin is dissolved in a solvent 
consisting of normal butyl acetate, 
and a homologue of benzene such as 
toluol, xylol or solvent naphtha, to 
which butyl, ethyl, or other aliphatic 
alcohol may be added. 
Optional Constituents:—Oils, pigments, 
gums, resins. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—160,225 
Issued—December 3, 1919 
In the manufacture of plastic cellu- 
loid-like masses from cellulose ace- 
tate, the latter is mixed with a suit- 
able high boiling point solvent or 
plastifier and with a volatile liquid or 
diluent having no solvent action on 
the acetate and in sufficient quantity 
to inhibit the gelatinizing action of 
the plastifier. After kneading and in- 
corporation, the volatile liquid is al- 
lowed to evaporate, when the plasti- 
fier proceeds to act on the acetate. 
See Specifications 132,283, 133,353, 
154,334. 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, benzene. 


Little, A. D. 
E.P—161,564 
Issued—March 9, 1921 

Cellulose butyrate is soluble in 
alcohol-benzene, acetylene tetra- 
chloride, acetone, ethyl acetate, car- 
bolic acid, hot alcohol, and benzene, 
alcohol-carbon tetrachloride, and hot 
solvent naphtha. It may be used in 
manufacture of plastics, transparent 
sheets and films, lacquers, dopes, arti- 
ficial leather, etc. 


E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. 


E.P.—164,032 
Issued—August 25, 1919 

Pyroxylin films are formed by the 
evaporation of the solvent from a 
pyroxylin solution containing as sol- 
vent mixture ethyl acetate, a liquid 
aliphatic hydrocarbon, having a rela- 
tively low boiling point such as ben- 
zine, and an alcohol such as ethyl or 
methyl alcohol. 

See Spec. 164,033. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. 


E.P.—164,033 
Issued—August 25, 1919 

Pyroxylin solutions which may also 
contain oils, pigments, gums, resins, 
etc., are prepared with a solvent mix- 
ture comprising ethyl acetate, a liquid 
aliphatic hydrocarbon of relatively low 
boiling point such as benzine, and an 
alcohol such as ethyl or methyl] alco- 
hol. 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—164,374 
Issued—September 1, 1919 

Varnishes are prepared from alkyl 
ethers of cellulose obtained on treating 
cellulose or its near conversion prod- 
ucts not soluble in alkali with alkylat- 
ing agents in the presence of limited 
amounts of water and with concen- 
trated application of alkali. 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—164,375 
Issued—September 3, 1919 

Varnishes are prepared from aralkyl 
ethers of cellulose, for instance benzyl 
cellulose. 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—164,377 
Issued—September 4, 1919 

Varnishes are prepared from 
“mixed” alkyl and aralkyl ethers of 
cellulose obtained on treating cellu- 
lose or its near conversion products 
with appropriate alkylating and aral- 
kylating agents in the presence of re- 
stricted quantities of water and with 
concentrated application of alkali, 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—164,384 
Issued—December 3, 1919 

Varnishes having as a basis the ali- 
phatiec cellulose ethers of Spec. 164,374 
are prepared with the addition of 
alkylated sulphonamid derivatives of 
Spec. 132,283, 133,353, and 154,334, as 
plastic-inducing agents. 


Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, alco- 


hol, alcohol-benzol, triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, castor oil, 
aliphatic derivatives of urea, filling ma- 
terials. 


| 
j 
1 
{ 
' 
‘ 
| 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Dreyfus, H. 

E.P.—164,385 
Issued—December 3, 1919 

Varnishes having as a basis the 
aralkyl or mixed alkyl and aralkyl cel- 
lulose ethers of Spec. 164,375-6, are pre- 
pared with the addition of the alky- 
lated sulphonamid derivatives of Spec. 
132,283, 133,353, and 154,334 as plasti- 
cizers. 

Optional Constituents:—Triacetin ben- 
zol, alcohol-benzol, triphenyl phos- 
phate, tricresyl phosphate, castor oil, 
aliphatic derivatives of urea, colour- 
ing-matters, filling materials. 


Dreyfus, H. 

E.P.—164,386 
Issued—December 3, 1919 

Varnishes having as a basis ethyl or 
methyl cellulose or other cellulose 
ether but not including those employed 
in Spec. 30216 and 164,385, are pre- 
pared with the addition of the alky- 
lated sulphoyamid derivatives of Spec. 
132,283, 133,353, and 154,334, as plas- 
tic inducing agents. 

Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, alco- 
hol-benzene, triphenyl phosphate, tri- 
cresyl phosphate, castor oil, aliphatic 
derivatives of urea, colouring matters, 
filling materials. 


E. I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co. 
E.P.—165,439 
Issued—March 2, 1921 
See U.S. P. 1,360,759 of 1920. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—171,661 
Issued—Aug. 16, 1920 

Alkyl or aralkyl derivatives of the 

carbohydrates such as cellulose, starch, 
dextrin, etc., are mixed with coumarone 
resin, with or without the addition of 
volatile solvents such as_ benzene, 
chloroform, etc. Softening agents, such 
as animal and vegetable oils, phos- 
phorie esters of phenols, etc., may be 
added if desired. 


Hunt, S. B. 
Eng. Pat.—173,786 
Issued—June 30, 1920 
Solvents for pyroxylin, consisting of 


175 


mixtures of light saturated hydro- 
carbons with esters of lower fatty 
acids, are obtained by heating together 
the fatty acids, a catalyst such as sul- 
furic or a similar acid, and a mixture 
of olefines with saturated hydrocar- 
bons. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—174,660 
Issued—Aug. 4, 1920 

Cellulose ethers in a molten con- 
dition, e.g. at 170° C. with or without 
addition of small quantities, e.g. up to 
10% of volatile solvents are used for 
manufacture of films, etc. 

Optional Constituents:—Fillers, coloring 
agents, plastifying agents. 


Sterlin-Ges. and Dulitz, A. A. 
Eng. Pat.—176,367 
Issued—March 1, 1921 
A lacquer used for sealing bottles, 
etc. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........... 10 parts 
PA RE EAN re ee og SU Mc's § 10 parts 
PEE LONE Me er eae et “es aaars 90 parts 


Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manuf, Co., 
Ltd. 
E.P.—177,268 
Issued—Jan. 4, 1921 

Artificial films or filaments are pre- 

pared from cellulose acetate solutions, 
specially those in acetone, by coagu- 
lating the formed film, etc., in a bath 
containing a thiocyanate. The film, 
etc., thus obtain improved qualities 
(toughness, etc.). Plasticizers, such as 
benzyl alcohol and other substances 
may be added. 


Phillips, A. W. 


E.P.—177,536 

Issued—March 23, 1922 

By heating cellulose’ esters or 
products containing them, specially 


nitrocellulose, or their doughs or solu- 
tions, smokeless powder, celluloids, 
nitrocellulose films, etc., their vis- 
cosity is reduced and the solutions may 
be used as lacquers or “sprays.” Sol- 
vents such as_ acetone-alcohol, or 
camphor-alcohol may be used. 


176 
Dreyfus, H. 
H.P.—179,208 


Issued—November 4, 1920 

For moulding, use is made of a com- 
position of cellulose acetate, a plasti- 
cizing agent which is not saponified by 
water, fillers, coloring agents, sub- 
stances capable of neutralizing traces 
of acids, e.g., urea, methyl urea, ete. 
Suitable plastifying agents are xylene- 
alkyl-sulphonamides, in mixture, if de- 
sired, with triphenyl or tricresyl phos- 
phate. 


Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manuf. Co., Ltd. 
E.P—179,234 
Issued—January 4, 1921 

The strength of films, etc., prepared 
from cellulose acetate solutions is in- 
creased by adding to the aqueous co- 
agulating bath solvents or latent sol- 
vents for the acetate, which are soluble 
in or miscible with water, such as ace- 
tone, diacetone alcohol, alcohol, formic 
acid, acetic acid, zine chloride. 


Duratex Co. 


E.P.—180,705 
Issued—November 24, 1920 

Imitation leather is made by im- 
bedding the nap of a pile fabric in a 
coating of flexible material such as 
pyroxylin or other cellulose ester 
mixed with a vegetable oil such as 
blown castor oil, or a coating of a 
rubber compound. The coating liquid 
may consist of a pyroxylin solvent and 
a semi-drying vegetable oil. 
Optional Constituents :—Pigments. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
E.P.—181,392 
Issued—June 12, 1922 

Cellulose ethers that are soluble in 
water, or that swell in cold water, are 
converted into products insoluble in 
water, or in which the property ‘of swell- 
ing is substantially reduced, by treat- 
ment with a reagent that precipitates 
albumin. Suitable solvents for the wa- 
ter-insoluble products are acetic acid, 
benzene-aleohol, chloroform, chloro- 
form-alcohol, etc. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Lilienfeld, L. 


E.P.—181,393 
Issued—June 12, 1922 

Alkyl cellulose ethers by reason of 
their property of swelling or dissolv- 
ing in cold water, may be used for 
the manufacture of articles that have 
to be incorporated with substances 
soluble in water. 


Lilienfeld, L. 


E.P.—181,395 
Issued—June 12, 1922 

A range of organic solvents (not 
enumerated in the abstract) is given 
for alkyl cellulose ethers. 


Nitrogen Corp. 


E.P.—182,488 
Issued—July 2, 1922 

Liquid anhydrous ammonia is used 
as a solvent for cellulose esters, such 
as the nitrate or acetate. 


Little, A. D. 


E.P.—182,820 
Issued—March 9, 1921 

Cellulose butyrate is soluble in al- 
cohol-benzene, tetrachlor ethane, di- 
methyl ether, ethyl acetate, phenol, 
hot alcohol and benzene, alcohol- 
carbon tetra-chloride, and hot solvent 
naphtha. It may be used in the manu- 
facture of plastics, ete. 


Gruner and Reinhardt Ges. 


Eng. Pat.—184,173 
Issued—August 2, 1921 

A varnish for rendering tracing cloth 
resistant to water consists of collodion, 
a thinner, amyl acetate and gum. The 
thinner consists of a mixture of alcohol 
and ether. 


Duclaux, J. 


E.P.—184,197 
Issued—January 1, 1921 

To a solution of a cellulose ester 
there is added in a relatively volatile 
organic solvent a small quantity of a 
non-volatile organic solvent soluble in 
water, and after formation of film, etc., 
by the evaporation of the volatile sol- 
vent, the non-volatile solvent is ex- 
tracted by washing with. water. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


Optional Constituents:—Non-volatile 
solvents, formamid, chloral, acetamid, 
chloral hydrate, volatile solvents, 
methyl formate or acetate, ethyl for- 
mate or acetate, butyl formate or ace- 
tate, amyl formate or acetate together 
with methanol or ethanol. 

See also French Patent 530,440. 


Ott, A. F. M. 

E.P.—184,495 
Issued—May 10, 1921 

Kinematograph film surfaces are 
coated with a mixture of collodion, 
ether, methylated spirit, and formic 
acid, and then dried. Formic acid may 
be replaced by glacial acetic acid or 
ethyl acetate. This treatment in- 
creases the life and pliability of the 
film, 


Dreyfus, H. 


E.P.—184,671 
Issued—July 20, 1921 
Cyclobutanone, either alone or 


mixed with other solvents, such as 
methyl or ethyl alcohol, acetone, 
methyl acetate, etc., is used as solvent 
for cellulose acetates. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 
Cyclobutanone 1000 parts 

Optional Constituents:—Methy]l acetate, 
acetone, alcohol. 


Disbury, A. J. 

Eng. Pat.—187,847 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1921 

A varnish for leather made by mix- 
ing the following: (1) gum arabic 
and gum copal dissolved in methyl 
alcohol. (2) Collodion dissolved in 
methylated spirits and ethyl acetone. 
(3) Castor oil and linseed oil. 


Nitrogen Corp. 
E.P.—189,416 
Issued—July 1, 1922 
Liquid sulphur dioxide is used as a 
solvent for cellulose esters, such as the 
nitrate or acetate. 
See also D.R.P—402,753. 


Edwards, F. G. 
Eng. Pat.—189,942 
Issued—October 20, 1921 


177 


A varnish for use in the manufacture 
of patent leather, consists of a mixture 
of cellulose acetate, acetone, tetra- 
chlorethane, methyl alcohol, triacetin, 
linseed oil, benzol and coloring matter. 


Brit. Cellulose and Chem. Manufactur- 
ing Co., Ltd. 
E.P.—190,269 
Issued—September 27, 1921 
Plastic compositions consisting of 
cellulose acetate impregnated with a 
small amount of glycerol. 


Nitrogen Corp. 
Eng. Pat.—190,694 
Issued—July 1, 1922 
See also U.S. Patent—1,439,293. 
French Pat.—853,547. 


Columbia Graphophone Co. 
E.P.—192,107 
Issued—August 24, 1921 

Acaroid resins are used with a cel- 

lulose ester base and a non-volatile 
gelatiniser in production of plastics. 
(For gramophone records.) 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose (low N:-content) 11% 
Horm=o-toluidid? ek coe eee 14% 
AMearoid resine oat eee eee oy te 14% 
Barium suliates: 1.5 cece ee 49% 
Teamp-biscks tanec eee eee cre 417% 
Optional Constituents:—Toluene _ sul- 


phoanilid, carbon black. 


Woodbridge, R. G. 

Filed—March 18, 1922 
Eng. Pat.—194,727 
Issued—V oid 

The viscosity of nitrocellulose solu- 
tions is reduced by heating the nitro- 
cellulose in a non-solvent liquid to a 
temperature below 150° C. Suitable 
non-solvent liquids are: ethyl, propyl 
and butyl alcohols, toluene, benzene, 
and xylene, or a mixture of these. 


Brit. Cellulose & Chem. Manufacturing 
Co., Ltd. 
E.P—195,849 
Issued—March 8, 1922 
Cellulose acetate is dissolved in 
1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl propanol. Cas- 
tor oil, triphenyl phosphate, filling and 
coloring materials may be present. 


178 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .....-... 100 parts 
Trichloro-tert. butyl alco- 

BOE eer eet ceca eee s 10 parts 
Acetone ose en ee eee cee 900 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Methyl] acetate. 


Twyman, F., Green, A., & Hilger, A. 
E.P.—196,876 
Issued—December 22, 1922 
Films suitable for optical purposes 
are made of celluloid and amyl ace- 
tate. 


Danowich, O. 
E.P.—200,186 
Issued—April 5, 1922 

Solutions obtained in the acetyla- 

tion of cellulose, suitable for making 
films are rendered stable against vis- 
cosity changes by addition of an aque- 
ous solution of formaldehyde or other 
aldehyde or of tetrachlorethane. 


Macwalter, T. 
Assigned to Brifco Ltd. 
Eng. Pat.—201,421 
Issued—August 12, 1922 
A varnish composed of cellulose 


nitrate, ether methylated spirit, with or — 


without castor oil. 


Edbrook, F. G. 
E.P.—202,154 
Issued—October 28, 1922 
A lacquer for shoe heel, etc., con- 
sisting of cellulose acetate, acetone, 
benzene, benzyl alcohol, industrial 
spirit and either dichlorhydrin, di- 
chlorethylene or triacetin. 
Type Formula: 


Acétane:*.. ian deteetas 1152 parts 
Cellulose acetate ........ 12 parts 
Bengend =. 5 .iisc be aoe 14 parts 
Benzyl alcohol ....i%.05. 3 parts 
Industrial : spirit) .% 7g 7 parts 
i racetin sft eee oe 10 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Filler: litho- 


pone. 


Valentine, A. J. & Simpson, E. W. 
E.P.—202,835 
Issued—February 25, 1922 
A coating is produced on paper, etc., 
by floating on the surface of water a 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


solution of nitrocellulose or acetyl 
cellulose in an alkyl ester of a fatty 
acid, with or without addition of gums, 
resins, acetone or alcohol, evaporating 
the solvent and applying the film to 
the paper, etc. 


Gough, S. A. 

Eng. Pat.—203,449 
Issued—June 30, 1922 

A finger-nail enamel is made by 
dissolving celluloid in amyl acetate 
and methylated ether or glacial acetic 
acid and adding cochineal to tint the 
solution. 


Titanine, Ltd, Ward, T. W. H. & 
Fletcher, J. 
E.P.—203,847 
Issued—July 22, 1922 
Dopes, varnishes, or paints consist- 
ing of solutions of cellulose esters may 
be rendered less inflammable by the 
addition of substances insoluble in the 
dope. About 5% of ammonium phos- 
phate or double ammonium phos- 
phates, such as ammonium magnesium 
phosphate are recommended. 


Dreyfus, H. 
E.P.—205,195 
Issued—July 13, 1922 
Chloretone or tertiary trichlor butyl 
alcohol may be used, alone or with 
other volatile or non-volatile solvents 
as plasticizer in the manufacture of 
plastics, etc., from methyl, ethyl, 
benzyl, or other ethers of cellulose. 
Type Formula: 
Ethyl cellulose 
Chloretone 30 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Fillers, Soften- 
ing agents, coloring agents, benzyl] cel- 
lulose, acetone. 
See also French Patent 562,056. 


eooeeersreseeoevre* eee 


Svensson, O. 

E.P—205,446 
Issued—April 28, 1923 

Glues suitable for use with leather, 
rubber, wood, porcelain, etc. are 
made by adding a substance contain- 
ing nitrocellulose, e.g., celluloid, to a 
concentrated solution of gum-ammonia 
in a solvent such as acetone, wood 


BRITISH PATENTS 


spirit or a mixture of alcohol and 
ether. 

Optional Constituents:—Filling material 
coloring material. 


? 


De’Sperati, M. 
E.P.—205,828 
Issued—October 22, 1923 
A mat surface is produced on the 
back of a film by application of a 
layer having a fine grain, e.g., a water- 
proof varnish consisting of a mixture 
of two solutions, one containing cellu- 
loid, amyl acetate and acetone, and the 
other containing sandarac, dammar 
gum, ether and benzene. 


Whittelsey, T. 

Filed—November 6, 1922 
Eng. Pat—206,520 

A process of preparing emulsions of 
colloids such as cellulose nitrates, by 
mixing the colloids with solvents there- 
for and with non-solvents immiscible 
with the solvents, with or without 
emulsifying agents such as sodium 
oleate, gelatin, etc. 


Leysieffer, G. 

E.P.—206,770 
Issued—February 22, 1923 

Plastic compositions containing cel- 
lulose derivatives, such as cellulose 
esters or ethers, are rendered non- 
infammable by addition of calcium 
sulfate and a phosphoric ester such as 
triphenyl phosphate. 

See also French Patent—562,667. 


Exceloid Co., Ltd. & Baker, B. D. 

E.P.—209,633 
Issued—March 8, 1923 

Articles are first coated with shellac 
varnish or resin in solution, then with 
one or more coats of a heavy nitro- 
cellulose solution, and are finally im- 
mersed in a solution of cellulose ace- 
tate, in acetone and benzy] alcohol, or 
other solution of non-inflammable cel- 
lulose derivative. 


Young, J. H. 
Assigned to H. H. Robertson Co. 
Eng. Pat.—209,727 
Filed—January 11, 1923 


179 


Metal sheets or asphalt-coated build- 
ing material may be coated with a film 
composed of a cellulose derivative 
which has been dissolved in acetone, 
amyl acetate, or ethyl and methyl] ace- 
tates or ketones, to which is added a 
diluent such as ethyl or methyl 
alcohol. 

Optional Constituents:—Castor oil, tri- 
phenyl phosphate, chlorinated naph- 
thalene. 


Lichtenthol, E. L. 

E.P.—211,892 
Issued—February 23, 1923 

Celluloid is softened by immersion 
in a solvent, e.g., a mixture of ace- 
tone, methylacetone, benzene, and 
amyl acetate and are then used for 
ornamental coatings. 

See also D.R.P.—397,919. 


Georz Photochemische Werke Ges. 

Eng. Pat.—212,225 
Issued—March 3, 1923 

Scratches on motion picture films 
are covered by applying a varnish 
composed of a nitrocellulose solution 
containing calcium chloride or other 
soluble salt. 


Dreyfus, C. 
E.P.—222,168 
Issued—May 18, 1923 
The addition of acaroid resin to so- 
lution of cellulose acetate or other 
esters confers valuable waterproofing 
and tautening effects on the varnish. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .... 100 parts 
Acaroid resin ....... 100— 200 parts 
ACPLONG gs cle avon ess 250-1500 parts 
Optional Constituents :—High-boiling 


solvents, plasticizers, stabilizers, etc. 


Bregeat, J. H. 

Filed—December 15, 1923 
Eng. Pat.—226,142 
Tssued—February 4, 1925 

Solutions and plastic masses having 
a basis of cellulose esters, particularly 
of nitrocellulose and acetyl cellulose 
or of cellulose ethers, are prepared 
while employing absolute alcohol as 
the solvent or gelatinizing agent. 


180 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—May 5, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—230,663 
Issued—May 6, 1925 
See U.S.P.—1,493,209. 
French Patent—580,882. 


Pfiffner, E. 
Filed—March 24, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—231,161 
Issued—March 16, 1925 

The oily liquids obtained as resi- 
dues in the distillation of crude wood 
alcohol are used as solvents for nitro- 
cellulose, cellulose acetate or other cel- 
lulose esters or ethers, in the prepara- 
tion of lacquers. 
Optionai Constituents:—Methy] alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol or tetrachlorethane. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
E.P.—233,874 
Issued—May 5, 1924 
Non-inflammable compositions are 
obtained by incorporation in a cellu- 
lose ester, ether, or other derivative, 
an aromatic phosphoric ester and one 
or more of the following substances: 
aluminum phosphate, hydrated alum- 
inium fluoride, calcium citrate, and 
magnesium dihydrogen ortho-antimo- 
nate. The usual volatile solvents, such 
as alcohols, ether, acetone, or amyl 
acetate may be used in the process. 
See also French Patent 580,883. 


Atlas Powder Co., Shipley, S. D. & 
Given, G. C. 
E.P.—236,190 
Issued—August 19, 1925 
Ethyl glycol (OH: CH..CH.0C.H;) 
with or without a non-solvent diluent 
such as a benzene or petroleum hydro- 
carbon or an acyclic alcohol or a mix- 
ture of such diluents is recommended 
as a nitrocellulose solvent for the 
manufacture of varnishes. 
Optional Constituents:—Benzene, tolu- 
ene, xylene, gasolene, ethyl alcohol, 
propyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, amyl 
alcohol, resins, oils, camphor, tricresyl 
phosphate, pigments, castor oil, zinc 
oxide. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Pathe Cinema Anciens, Etablissements 
Pathe Freres 
Filed—July 22, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—237,900 
Issued—Sept. 23, 1925 
Triphenyl or tricresyl phosphate is 
used as a plasticizing and fireproofing 
agent in the preparation of cellulose 
acetate plastics. The tricresyl phos- 
phate may be replaced by glycerine 
ethers, such as the dicresyline ether of 
glycerine, or certain chlorinated deriva- 
tives such as dichlorhydrins. 


Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp. 
Filed—April 3, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—238,485 
Issued—October 7, 1925 

Solutions of cellulose esters are pre- 
pared with the aid of an alkyl ether 
of ethylene glycol, particularly the 
mono- and di-methyl, ethyl and propyl 
ethers, mono-allyl ether and diisobutyl- 
ether. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethylene  di- 
chloride, glycol monoacetate, glycol 
diacetate, acetylene tetrachloride, di- 
acetone alcohol, benzene, acetone, 
methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, naphtha. 


Garke, R. 


Meyer, E. 

Classen, W. 
Filed—October 22, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—241,858 
Issued—December 16, 1925 

Esters of tetrahydronaphthol are em- 

ployed as non-volatile solvents to- 
gether with volatile solvents in the 
preparation of varnishes, etc., from 
cellulose esters and cellulose ethers. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Filed—November 17, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—243,030 
Issued—January 13, 1926 

Methylene chloride, alone or prefer- 

ably mixed with solvents or non-sol- 
vents, is used as a solvent for cellulose 
esters, such as the acetate. Specified 
additions to the methylene chloride 
comprise: acetone, formic and acetic 
esters, benzine, triacetin, methyl alco- 
hol and its homologs. 

Optional Constituents:—Benzene, kauri 
gum, copal gum. 


BRITISH PATENTS 181 


Eichengrun, A. 

Filed—November 17, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—243,031 
Issued—January 13, 1926 

Coating compositions are obtained 
by dissolving acetone-soluble cellulose 
acetate or a mixture of the latter with 
chloroform-soluble cellulose acetate in 
a solvent comprising methylene chlo- 
ride together with methyl alcohol or 
its homologs, or a solvent, or mixture 
of a solvent and a non-solvent for 
cellulose acetate or a mixture of two 
non-solvents which together form a 
solvent for cellulose acetate. 

See E.P. 243,030, preceding. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Filed—November 17, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—243,350 
Issued—January 20, 1926 
Relates to the use of methylene 
chloride together with other solvents 
or non-solvents for the purpose of dis- 
solving and reducing the inflammabil- 
ity of cellulose acetate solutions. 
Optional Constituents:—Methy] alcohol 
and its homologs, acetone, ethyl for- 
mate, ethyl acetate and alcohol; ethyl 
acetate, alcohol and benzene. 


Taylor, C. M. 

Filed—May 16, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—243,614 
Issued—January 20, 1926 

Fabrics may be first impregnated 
with asphalt, bitumen, or the like, then 
coated with paint and finally with an 
outer coating of a solution of acetyl 
or nitrocellulose. 

Optional Constituents:—Butyl alcohol, 
butyl acetate, anhydrous ethyl] alcohol, 
castor oil, tricresylphosphate, diethyl 
phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate. 


Farbenfabriken vorm 

F, Bayer & Company 
Filed—November 23, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—243,722 
Issued—January 27, 1926 

Solutions of cellulose acetate in 

chlorhydrins, such as ethylene chlor- 
hydrin or monochlorhydrin, alone or 
with water or with other solvents of 
cellulose acetate, such as acetone, are 


stabilized by the addition of a small 
quantity of organic bases. 


Optional Constituents:—Urea and urea 


derivatives, aliphatic amino acids or 
their esters or derivatives, aniline, 
pyridine, quinoline and their homo- 
logues, glycocoll, quinaldine, pigments, 
and plasticizers. 


White, A. E. 


Filed—September 30, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—244,543 

Cellulose ether is dissolved in ethyl 
acetate, and to the solution is added 
a mixture of chlorinated naphthalene, 
japan wax, and castor oil. 


Canada British Syndicate, Ltd. 


Filed—September 19, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—244,819 
Issued—February 17, 1926 

Relates to a method for preparing 
pigments especially suitable for use in 
cellulose ester varnishes. 


. G. Farbenindustrie, A. G. 


Filed—December 21, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—245,129 
Issued—February 17, 1926 

Solutions of cellulose esters may be 
obtained with the aid of a monoalky] 
ether of a glycol such as ethylene 
glycol, or its higher homologues such 
as propylene or butylene glycol. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 


Filed—January 2, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—245,469 
Issued—February 24, 1926 

Normal dibutyl phthalate is used as 
the solvent or gelatinizing agent in the 
preparation of varnishes, etc., from 
nitrocellulose and other cellulose deriv- 
atives. 


| Plinatus, W. 


Filed—December 4, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—246, 272 
Issued—March 17, 1926 

Cellulose esters such as cellulose ni- 
trate and acetate and like cellulose 
compounds are dissolved and gelatin- 
ized without the use of volatile sol- 
vents by treating them with mono-, di-, 
or tri-butyrin diluted with a consider- 
able quantity of water. 


182 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Farbwerke Vorm 
Meister, Lucius & Bruning 


Eng. Pat.—250, 894 
Issued—June 23, 1926 


Filed—January 22, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—246,447 
Issued—March 24, 1926 

A varnish-lake obtained by inti- 
mately mixing pigment dyes or lake 
colors in a dry state with a resin or a 
fatty acid, and then finally subdividing 
this mixture together with an animal, 
vegetable or mineral oil or other sof- 
tening agent, may be dissolved in a 
cellulose ester or ether varnish. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—February 9, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—247,174 
Issued—April 8, 1926 

Nitrocellulose having a maximum 
nitrogen content of 11% is gelatinized 
with pure phenol esters of phosphoric 
acid, the presence of free phenols being 
particularly avoided. 


Badische Anilin & Soda Fabrik 


Filed—November 12, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—247,288 
Issued—April 8, 1926 

Plastic compositions or solutions of 
cellulose derivatives are colored by 
means of inorganic or insoluble or- 
ganic coloring agents, such as azo, or 
vat colors, or color lakes, in a colloidal 
or nearly colloidal state. The plastic 
masses so obtained may be dissolved 
in solvents such as amyl, or butyl ace- 
tate, or a mixture of amyl acetate, 
methyl cyclohexanone and acetone. 


Farwerke Vorm 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 
Filed—February 16, 1925 
Assigned to I. G. Farbenindustrie, 
A. G. 
Eng. Pat.—247,611 
Issued—April 14, 1926 
Di-isobutyl phthalate is used as the 
solvent or gelatinizing agent for nitro- 
cellulose and other cellulose deriva- 
tives in the preparation of lacquers, 
i fa 
See Eng. Pat. 245,469. 


Shipley, S. D. 
Filed—April 18, 1925 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 


See U. S. Patent 1,618,481; see also 
Eng. Patent 236,190. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 


Filed—May 20, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—252,328 
Issued—July 21, 1926 

A di-amyl phthalate is used as the 
solvent or gelatinizing agent of cellu- 
lose ether or other cellulose derivatives 
excluding nitrocellulose. 

See also English Patent 245,469. 


Phillips, R. A. 
Thurlow, H. A. 


Filed April 9, 1925 
Eng. Pat—254,041 
Issued—Aug. 25, 1926 

Varnishes are made by mixing a ni- 
trocellulose—preferably one containing 
about 12% of nitrogen—with a small 
proportion of a cyclic ketone or an 
ester of a cyclic alcohol to form a vis- 
cous solution, and diluting this with a 
suitable thinning agent, such as benzol, 
xylol or white spirit. 


Optional Constituents:—Cyclohexanone, 


cyclopentanone, or homologues thereof, 
esters such as the formate or acetate of 
cyclohexanol, or cyclopentanol or a 
homologue thereof; gum elemi, gum 
copal, castor oil, camphor, butyl tar- 
trate, pigments. 


Davidson, J. G. 


Filed—October 21, 1925 

Assigned to Carbide and Carbon 
Chemicals Co. 

Eng. Pat.—255,406 

Issued—September 15, 1926 
See United States Patent 1,644,418. 


Paisseau, J. 


Filed—July 23, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—255,803 
Issued—September 22, 1926 

Before applying a cellulose varnish, 
it is recommended that the surface of 
leather be modified by the action of 
an acid so that the cellulose varnish 
will adhere. If desired, the acid— 
formic, acetic, lactic, tartaric, or oxalic 
—may be included in the cellulose var- 
nish. 


BRITISH PATENTS 183 


Takemura, K. 
Filed—August 12, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—256,214 
Issued—April 13, 1927 

An anti-corrosive and insulating lac- 
quer is prepared by dissolving nitro- 
cellulose in amyl acetate, ether and 
acetone, adding alcohol or benzol, and 
mixing dibutyl tartrate, yellow potas- 
slum prussiate, and pulverized bamboo 
with the resultant solution. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—August 1, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—256,229 
Issued—September 29, 1926 

Solutions of cellulose esters and 
ethers may be obtained by the aid of 
di-ether of ethylene glycol, alone or 
with other solvents. 
Optional Constituents:—Glycol di-methyl 
ether, glycolemono-ethyl, mono-propyl 
ether, glycol mono-ethyl mono-para- 
tolyl ether, methylene glycol diphenyl] 
ether, glycol di-ethyl, dipropyl and 
dibutyl ethers, glycol mono-ethyl 
mono-phenyl ether, mono-alkyl ethers 
of glycols, acetate of glycol mono- 
methyl ether, ethyl alcohol, butyl 
alcohol, benzol, toluol, xylol, mono- 
chlorbenzol, glycerol triethyl ether, 
acetone, manila, copal, elemi resin, 
nigrosine, formaldehyde-urea condensa- 
tion product, diethyl phthalate. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—August 21, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—257,258 
Issued—October 20, 1926 
Halogen-alkyl esters of mono- and 
poly-basic carboxylic acids, including 
carbonic acid, or their substitution 
products, having a boiling point above 
150° C. are employed as solvents for 
organic materials such as cellulose de- 
rivatives. Esters boiling above 225° C. 
may be used as plasticizers. 
Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorethyl es- 
ter of carbonic acid, propionic acid 
chlorethyl ester, phthalic acid dichlor- 
ethyl ester, and the corresponding 
chlor- and brom-propy! esters. 


Soc. Anon. Les Perfums De Rosine 


Filed—August 31, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—257,626 
Issued—October 27, 1926 

A finger-nail lacquer consisting of a 
mixture of amyl acetate, acetone, cel- 
luloid, and “Essence of Orient” de- 
rived from fish shells or scales. 


Amen, N. C. 


Filed—July 9, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—258,698 
Issued—November 17, 1926 

An adhesive for fabrics comprises 
nitrocellulose, benzol, and methyl ace- 
tone, with or without small quantities 
of ethyl, butyl, or amyl acetate. 


Byrnes, C. P. 


Filed—July 6, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—259,293 
Issued—December 1, 1926 

Solvents for nitrocellulose and var- 
nish gums are obtained by dissolving 
out, for example by means of dilute 
alcohol, the more highly oxidized sub- 
stances such as esters, aldehydes, and 
ketones when present in the partial 
oxidation product of aliphatic hydro- | 
carbons produced as described in Eng- 
lish Patents 138,118, 173,750 and 
209,128. 


Lavadoux, E. 


Filed—February 5, 1926 
Eng. Pat—261,589 
Issued—January 12, 1927 

A varnish comprising nitrocellulose, 
castor oil, amyl or ethyl acetate, benzol 
or benzine, and “Oriental Essence” 
made from fish scales. A surface coated 
therewith may be further coated with 
a varnish comprising nitrocellulose, 
amyl acetate and benzol. 


Wolffe and Company 
Schulz, H. 


Filed—December 4, 1925 
Eng. Pat.—262,440 
Issued—January 26, 1927 

A nitrocellulose having a nitrogen 
content above 12.6% and incomplete 
ethyl-alcohol solubility is recom- 
mended for use in the binder coating 
of a nitrocellulose lacquer system. 


184 


I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 


Filed—January 27, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—263,076 

Issued—February 9, 1927 
- Esters of glycolic, acetic, oxalic, and 
phthalic acids are used as softening 
agents, and chloral hexachlorethane, 
etc., as hardening agents for celluloid. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—December 17, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—263,175 
Issued—February 16, 1927 

Varnishes are produced by incorpo- 
rating cellulose nitrate with a drying 
oil, oil lacquer or varnish with the aid 
of a volatile organic liquid capable of 
dissolving both the cellulose nitrate 
and the drying oil. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl acetate, 
butyl acetate, acetone, cyclohexanone, 
methylcyclohexanone, driers,  plasti- 
cizers, resins. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—December 17, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—263,184 
Issued—February 16, 1927 

Varnishes of the type described in 
English Patent 263,175 preceding, made 
by incorporating cellulose nitrate with 
drying oils or oil varnishes by the 
aid of a mutual solvent for the oil and 
the cellulose nitrate, are modified by 
employing in partial substitution for 
the mutual solvent, a volatile organic 
liquid capable of dissolving the drying 
oil but not the cellulose nitrate. 
Optional Constituents:— Butyl alcohol, 
amyl] alcohol, higher alcohols, aromatic 
hydrocarbons or their chlorine deriva- 
tives. 


Walkey, W. R. 
Filed—April 20, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—264,045 
Issued—March 2, 1927 

A varnish consisting of cellulose ace- 
tate or nitrate dissolved in a medium 
such as amyl acetate and containing a 
non-metallic filling material such as 
china clay or magnesium silicate is 
recommended for use in tipping cigar- 
ettes. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 


Filed—February 17, 1926 
Eng. Pat—266,363 
Issued—April 21, 1927 

Slate powder, diatomaceous earth, 
gypsum, pumice or glass powder, col- 
oring matters, etc. with or without 
powdered resins are used as inert fill- 
ing materials in the nitrocellulose-oil 
varnishes described in English Patents 
263,175 and 263,184. 


Terrell, T. 


Filed—January 18, 1926 
Eng. Pat. 268,901 
Issued—June 1, 1927 

Surfaces of furniture which have 
been coated with nitrocellulose varnish 
are finished by further treating them 
with a fluid consisting of a solvent 
‘partial solvent for nitrocellulose, 
such as ether, alcohol, or acetone, in 
which is dissolved or mixed a quantity 
of acetic acid, or acetate compound. 
It is claimed that the surface is thereby 
rendered noninflammable and less lia- 
ble to the effects of heat, moisture, or 
corroding influences. 


. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 


Filed—December 23, 1924 
Eng. Pat.—275,653 
Issued—October 5, 1927 

1:4 dioxane is used as a solvent for 
cellulose esters and ethers. Other or- 
ganic solvents may be added if de- 
sired. 


Optional Constituents:—Resins, dyes. 


Horii, S. 


Filed—May 25, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—275,747 
Issued—October 5, 1927 

A stencil sheet coating composition 
comprises esters such as cellulose ni- 
trate, chlorinated naphthalene, and if 
required, tempering agents such as oils, 
fats, fatty acids and waxes, the sub- 
stances being dissolved in a suitable 
solvent. 


Optional Constitwents:—Stearine, castor 


oil. 


BRITISH PATENTS 


I. G. Farbenindustrie A. G. 
Filed—August 138, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—275,969 
Issued—October 5, 1927 
Cellulose ester or ether lacquers are 
colored by incorporating with them, 
» basic dyestuffs which may also con- 
tain acid groups, together with complex 
acids or salts thereof capable of form- 
ing color lakes with the dyestuffs. The 
dyestuffs and the acids may be heated 
in solid form or in solution in organic 
solvents such as alcohols, glycol, glyc- 
erol, or their esters or ethers, acetone, 
etc. 


Studer, L., and Bainbridge, B. G. 
Filed—September 9, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—276,834 
Issued—October 26, 1927 
A varnish for finger nails. 
Type Formula: 


Vives ¢ hs a 120 grms 
Gem ppors oiswsks esse. 35 grms. 
CarPC Oi acs oe ss. 1% grain 
Amvl-alcohol ......... 1 oz. 2 drams 


185 


Type Formula—Continued: 


ACOLONGu Slate. ete «0% 1 oz. 
Amyl acetate ........ 1 oz. 
Methyl alcohol ...... 1 oz. 


Rheinische Gummi-und Celluloid-Fabrik © 
Filed—September 18, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—277, 626 
Issued—November 9, 1927 
A small amount of non-volatile sol- 
vents for nitrocellulose such as tri- 
phenyl phosphate, acetanilid, ethyl 
acetanilid, “palatinol,” “pastol,” is said 
to be useful in treating scrap celluloid. 


Stubner, E. C. 

Filed—September 23, 1926 
Eng. Pat.—277,989 
Issued—November 16, 1927 

“Soluble cellulose” for use in the 
manufacture of lacquers, enamels, cel- 
luloid, ete. is pigmented or colored by 
treatment with a colloidal solution of 
a pigment or coloring matter in such a 
manner that the pigment is deposited 
on the cellulose. 


CANADIAN PATENTS 


Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. 
Can. P.—21,473 
Issued—May, 1885 
See U.S.P.—352,726. 

E.P. 6051—1884. 
F.P. 162,965. 
Belg. P. 65,624. 
Ital. P. XVIII, 17,146—1884. 
Ital. P. XXXIV, 162—1884. 


Reid, W. F. & Earle, E. J. V. 
Can. P.—61,157 
Issued—September, 1898 
Leather is enameled with a mixture 
of nitrocellulose and _ nitro-linolein, 
nitro-ricinolein. 


Bonnaud, J. B. G. 
Can. P.—78,060 
Issued—November, 1902 
See U.S.P. 697,790. 
EP. 8063—1901. 


Bindewald, H. 
Can. P.—100,547 
Issued—August, 1906 
Wood is enameled with a solution 
composed of ordinary glue, body color 
and collodion. 


Chem. Fabr. V. Weiler-ter-Meer 
Can. P.—103,036 
Issued—January, 1907 

See E.P. 16,271—1906. 
EP, 377671: 


Blackmore, H. S. 
Can. P.—109,502 
Issued—December, 1907 

A pyroxylin solvent prepared by ex- 

posing a composition containing a con- 
densed product of hydrocarbon and 
carbon oxyacid anhydride to the ac- 
tion of heat and maintaining the tem- 
perature below the dissociating tem- 
perature of the product desired. 


Closmann, E, A, 
Can. P.—110,622 
Issued—March, 1908 
See U.S.P. 861,435. 


Eichengrun, A. 

Can. P.—129,265 
Issued—November, 1910 

Plastic masses are prepared by treat- 
ing cellulose acetate in the presence of 
camphor or camphor substitutes with 
a mixture of solvents which when cold 
leave cellulose acetate undissolved but 
dissolve it when heated. 

See U.S.P. 1,015,155. 

U.S.P. 1,015,156. 


Walker, H. V. 
Assigned—Maas & Waldstein 
Can. Pat.—132,232 
Filed—Oct. 17, 1910 
_ Issued—April, 1911 
See also U.S. Patent 972,953. 
French Patent 421,058. . 


Beatty, W. A. 

Can. P.—147,578 
Issued—April 29, 1913 

Compound for and method of pro- 
ducing plastic substances comprising 
cellulose acetate and a condensation 
product of a ketone with phenol incor- 
porated therewith, giving a non-inflam- 
mable product. 


Beatty, W. A. 

Can. P.—147,579 
Issued—April 29, 1913 

Compound for and method of pro- 
ducing plastic substances comprising 
a cellulose ester, a condensation prod- 
uct of a ketone with phenol, and a 
solvent. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Can. P.—150,646 
Issued—September 23, 1913 


186 


CANADIAN PATENTS 


Process for manufacture of imita- 
tion leather which consists in coating 
a suitable foundation with a main com- 
pound composed of a mixture of nitro- 
cellulose or celluloid or their equiva- 
lents and one or more of. those 
phenol-esters which remain liquid at 
a temperature of 0° C. 


Celluloid Co, of N. Y. & W. G. Lindsay 
Can. P.—175,107 
Issued—February, 1917 

A composition of matter containing 
cellulose acetate and a liquid mono- 
hydroxy aliphatic alcohol having more 
than two carbon atoms, and a suitable 
solvent. 

Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
‘phate, chloroform, fusel oil, chlorinated 
hydrocarbons. 

See U.S.P. 1,199,799. 


Arnold, C. E. 

Can. Pat.—179,699 
Issued—October 9, 1917 

About 150 parts of celluloid scrap is 
agitated with 200 parts of a solvent, 
containing 75 parts ethyl alcohol, 75 
parts benzol and 50 parts commercial 
ethyl acetate and mixed with about 
300 parts of castor oil. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and E. M. 
Flaherty 
Can. P.—196,150 
Issued—January, 1920 
See U.S.P. 1,356,440. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and E, M. 


Flaherty 
Can. P.—196,151 
Issued—January, 1920 

See U.S.P. 1,321,611. 

See also French Patent 133,972. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and M. V. 
Hitt 
Can. P.—196,925 
Issued—February, 1920 
See US.P. 1,821,633. 
US.P. 1,321,634. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. and M. V. 
Hitt 
Can. P.—196,926 
Issued—February, 1920 
See U.S.P. 1,321,633. 
US.P. 1,321,634. 


187 


Pratt and Lambert Co. and Hedley Ross 
Can. P.—198,265 
Issued—March, 1920 

An aeroplane dope composed of cel- 

lulose acetate and triphenyl phosphate 
in suitable solvents. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ....... 
Triphenyl phosphate .... 
Solvents 


100 parts 
40-60 parts 


Pratt and Lambert and Hedley Ross 

Can. P—200,433 
Issued—May, 1920 

Aeroplane fabric is treated with a 
non-inflammable cellulose ester (100 
parts) and a phosphoric ester, 30-40 
parts) dissolved in a suitable solvent. 
A second coating consisting of cellu- 
lose ester (100 parts) and phosphoric 
ester (more than 40 parts) and also 
a high boiling point solvent and an 
opaque protective material, is next ap- 
plied. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. & Fin 
Sparre 
Can. P.—201,913 
Issued—July, 1920 
Assigned to Canadian Explosives, Ltd. 
An artificial leather coating of the 
composition indicated below. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ............ 1 part 
Titantum Oxide 407... as 1% parts 
Castors OL tie tee 11% parts 


Volatile solvents 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol 
benzol, ethyl acetate. 
See also U.S.P. 1,301,187. 


Kessler, J. M. 
Can, P.—214,462 
Issued—November 29, 1921 

A composition consisting of pyroxy- 

lin, denatured alcohol, acetin (free 
from monoacetin, containing 65% tri- 
acetin). 

Type Formula: 


PYTOSVIIN: toed, nuaea ieee 100 parts 
Alcohol (denatured) ...... 60 parts 
ACCU oo. aw wcacis wee aie ca 28 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Stabilizers, col- 
oring matter. 


188 


Ritschke, A. 
Can. P.—229,843 
Issued—March 27, 1923 
Non-inflammable compositions for 
driving belts, linoleum, etc., consist of 
nitrocellulose and liquid triaryl esters 
of phosphoric or thiophosphoric acid. 


Ritschke, A. 
Can, P.—229,857 
Issued—March 27, 1923 
A fabric mass has pressed on each 
side a skin formed of a mixture of 
nitrocellulose with a non-volatile gela- 
tinizing substance. 


Booge, J. E. 

Applied—October 17, 1922 
Can. P.—230,046 

Issued—April 3, 1923 

A coating composition comprising a 
nitrocellulose jelly, blown cottonseed 
oil and a non-volatile solvent contain- 
ing an ester of a lower alcohol with a 
higher fatty acid adapted to prevent 
cold cracking of the coating. 


Clancy, J. C. 

Can. Pat.—234,321 
Issued—September 18, 1923 

Cellulose esters are dissolved in 
liquid anhydrous ammonia and the 
solvent is substantially removed there- 
from. The process is applicable to 
the production of photographic films. 


Clancy, J. C. 
Can. Pat.—234,322 
Issued—September 18, 1925. 

Cellulose esters are dissolved in 
liquid sulphur dioxide and the sulphur 
dioxide is removed therefrom at pres- 
sure less than that at which solution 
took place. The sulphur dioxide is 
capable of more general use than the 
solvents heretofore used, is noninflam- 
mable and may be readily separated 
from the finished product. 

See also Eng. Pat. 189,416. 

D.R.P2 402,753; 


Ward, T. W. & Fletcher, J. 
Can. Pat.—256,395 
Issued—December 15, 1925 
A dope, or varnish comprising a 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


cellulose ester and a solvent therefor 
and having in suspension finely di- 
vided ammonium magnesium phos- 
phate. 


Edbrook, F. G. 
Applied—August 18, 1923 
Can. P.—238,217 
Issued—March 4, 1924 
A lacquer for shoe heels and the 
like. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ........ 12 parts 
Acetone... 3ics oe uae 1152 parts 
Benzol ©... voealae pee 14 parts 
Benzyl alcohol j4¢4e 3 parts 
Industrial spirit ......... 7 parts 
Tria cetin ce 10 parts 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Filed—June 16, 1922 
Can. Pat.—249,773 
Issued—May 19, 1925 
A cellulose ether is dissolved in a 
solvent comprising alcohol and an ester 
of a phenol. 


Ward, T. W. H. 

Fletcher, James 
Assigned to Titanine-Emaillite Ltd. 
Can. Pat.—256,395 
Filed—April 8, 1925 
Issued—December 15, 1925 

A dope comprising a cellulose ester 

and a solvent therefor and having in - 
suspension finely subdivided ammo- 
nium magnesium phosphate. 


Garke, R. 
Meyer, E. 
Filed—July 3, 1925 
Can. Pat.—259,475 
Issued—April 6, 1926 
See Eng. Pat.—241,858. 


Clement, L. E. 
Assigned to La Pathe Cinema Anciens 
Etablissements Pathe Freres 
Can. Pat—259,662 
Filed—September 20, 1925 
Issued—April 6, 1926 
A nitrocellulose solvent composed of 
anhydrous ethyl alcohol and pure ace- 
tone. 
See F. P—601,662. 


CANADIAN PATENTS 189 


Type Formula: 
Anhydrous ethyl alcohol....... 80% 
je UY Gee ee 20% 


Davidson, J. G. 
Assigned to Carbide 
Chemicals Corporation 
Can. Pat.—260,463 
Filed—October 5, 1925 
Issued—May 4, 1926 
See U. S. Patent—1,644,417. 


and Carbon 


Davidson, J. G. 
Assigned to Carbide 
Chemicals Corporation 
Can. Pat.—260,464 
Filed—October 22, 1925 
Issued—May 4, 1926 
A composition containing a cellulose 
ester and a substantial quantity of 
polyolefin glycol monoethy!] ether. 


and Carbon 


Davidson, J. G. 
Assigned to Carbide 
Chemicals .Corporation 
Can. Pat.—260,466 
. Filed—October 22, 1925 
Issued—May 4, 1926 
See U.S.P.—1,644,418. 


and Carbon 


fural, diethyl carbonate, butyl formate, 
acetone, hexahydrophenol. 


Clement, L. E. 


Assigned to La Pathe Cinema Anciens 
EKtablissements Pathe Freres 
Can. Pat.—261,371 
Filed—September 30, 1926 
Issued—June 1, 1926 
A solvent for cellulose acetates com- 
posed of a mixture of acetone with a 
substance which is a non-solvent for 
cellulose acetates, i.e. anhydrous ethyl 
alcohol. 
See also F. P.—601,547. 


Optional Constituents:—Organic esters. 


Shipley, S. D. 
Given, G. C. 


Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
Can. Pat.—262,784 
Filed—June 4, 1925 
Issued—July 20, 1926 

A varnish comprising nitrocellulose, 
an alkyl glycol, a benzene hydrocar- 
bon and an acyclic alcohol. 

See also U.S.P—1,533,616 

F.P.—600,178 


Zimmerli, A. 


B B K. 
rown, bruce Assigned to Cello Products Corp. 


Bogin, Charles 


Assigned to Commercial Solvents Cor- 
poration 
Can. Pat—260,927 
Filed—September 25, 1925 
Issued—May 18, 1926 
A composition of matter comprising 
a mixture of nitrocellulose and a poly- 
valent metallic salt of an alkyl ester 
of phthalic acid, the latter compound 
being of the nature of a resin. 
Type Formula: 


PVIETOCCIIIORE vec... se eee ee 1 Ib. 
Zine butyl phthalate........... tlh} 
LS TE 2S ee Lat. 
Oe ES es ee Lect, 
Hs NIA AE ih 6 fo bono lee 8's eget g 
“CC NE Rae a 1 qt. 


Optional Constituents:—Copper butyl 
phthalate, ferric butyl phthalate, lead 
butyl phthalate, nickel butyl phthal- 
ate; kauri, dammar, sandarac, shellac, 
mastic and ester gums; ethyl lactate, 
diacetone alcohol, xylol, butanol, fur- 


Can. Pat.—264,990 
Filed—September 10, 1924 
Issued—October 12, 1926 

The use of ethyl-paratoluolsulpho- 
amid as a plasticizer of cellulose ace- 
tate compositions is recommended. 


Davidson, J. G. 


Assigned to Carbide and Carbon 
Chemicals Corporation 

Can. Pat.—268,571 

Filed—October 19, 1926 

Issued—February 22, 1927 


See U.S.P.—1,617,237. 


Hill, E: W. 


Filed—June 4, 1926 
Can. Pat.—270,537 
Issued—May 10, 1927 

A type-impressible stencil sheet com- 
prising a porous base, a coating includ- 
ing cellulose acetate, an acetate of 
starch, dibutyl tartrate and castor oil. 


Bh a ie ae oe 


a’, 


190 


Davidson, J.G. 
Assigned to Carbide and Carbon 
Chemicals Corporation 
Can. Pat.—271,382. 
Filed—May 19, 1926 
Issued—June 7, 1927 
A composition comprising a cellu- 
lose ester and a glycol monoacetate. 
Optional Constituents :—Ethylene mono- 
acetate. 


Sioa to Canac dian 
Can. Pat—271, 43 


Issued—June. 28, 1927 - 
A composition comprising | 
a cellulose ester — as 


FRENCH PATENTS 


Parkes, Henry 
French Pat.—132495 
Issued—1879 
See U.S.P.—265,337. 
Eng. Pat. 1865—1879. 


Wilson, W. V. & Storey, J. 
Fr. Pat.—162,965 
See U.S.P.—352,726. 
Eng. Pat. 6051-1881. 
Belg. Pat. 65,624. 
Ital. P. XVIII, 17-146—1884. 
Ital P. XXVIV, 162—1884. 


Hale, Julia 
French Pat.—184,548 
Issued—June 30, 1887 
See U.S. Pat. 471,422. 
Eng. Pat. 5586-1887. 
Eng. Pat. 5791-1887. 
Aust. Pat. 17,684—1887, 


Perl, J. 

Fr. Pat.—233,727 
Issued—Oct. 30, 1893 

A colored lacquer is produced by 
coating an article with a colorless lac- 
quer. After drying for about one half 
an hour, the article is heated strongly 
and dipped into a solution of aniline 
or alizarin colours in strong alcohols 
(ethyl, methyl, or amyl). 


Cie Parisienne de Couleur D’Anilin 
Fr. Pat.—295,592 
Camphor is substituted by alkyl 
ether of an aromatic sulphoacid, spe- 
cially p-toluol-sulphonic acid, p-toluol 
sulphamide, p-toluol dialkyl amide. 


Marx, N. 
Fr, Pat.—300,676 
Nitrocellulose is gelatinized with 
nitronaphthalin, as substitute for cam- 
phor. 


191 


Zuhl, E. 


Fr. Pat.—308,372 
Issued—Feb. 22, 1901 

In the manufacture of celluloid, 
camphor is replaced, partly or entirely 
by dibasic or multibasic acids of the 
aromatic series, or by their anhydrides 
and esters (e.g. phthalic acid, phthalic 
anhydride, phthalonic acid, phthalic 
monoethyl ester, etc.). 


Zuhl, E. 


Add. to Fr. Pat.—308,372 
Issued—April 15, 1901 

Camphor is replaced by esters of 
phthalic acid wherein one of the acid 
groups comprises on the one hand the 
radicle of an aliphatic alcohol, and on 
the other the radicle of a base (esters 
of phthalamic acid and phthalanilic 
acid). 


Zuhl, E. 


Fr. Pat—309,962 
Issued—April 15, 1901 

In the manufacture of celluloid, 
camphor is replaced by the phenol or 
naphthol esters of inorganic acids 
(phosphoric acid). 

See also Aust. Pat. 13,8838—1903. 


Zuhl, E. 


Fr. Pat.—309,963 
Issued—April 15, 1901 

In the manufacture of celluloid the 
camphor is replaced by esters of ox- 
alic acid, wherein one of the acid 
groups comprises on the one hand the 
radicle of an aliphatic alcohol, and on 
the other the radicle of a base (esters 
of oxamic acid). 


Zuhl, E. 


Fr, Pat.—310,942 
Issued—May 18, 1901 

In the manufacture of celluloid the 
camphor is replaced by halogen sub- 


192 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


stitution products of aromatic hydro- 
carbons, nitrated halogen substitution 
products or amino halogen substitu- 
tion products. 


Frauquet, E. 

Fr, Pat.—312,817 

Issued—July 18, 1901 
Acetyldiphenylamine, triphenylphos- 

phate, amylidenedimethyl ether, and 

amylidenediethyl ether may be used 

to replace part or all of the camphor 

in the manufacture of celluloid. 


Farbwerke Bayer 
Fr. Pat.—317,007 
Issued—1901 
See German patent 18,537 


Farbwerke, Bayer 
Fr. Pat.—14,425 
Addn. to Fr. P. 317,007 of 1901 
See D.R.P—18,537. 


Soc. Anon. Prod. F. Bayer & Co. 
Fr. Pat.—317,008 
Issued—Dec. 18, 1901 
Acetyl derivatives of cellulose are 
mixed with camphor or its substitutes 
with or without a suitable solvent 
(e.g. chloroform). 


Mabille, A. & Leclerc, G. 
Fr. Pat.—317,884 
Issued—Jan. 18, 1902 
Celluloid is rendered incombustible 
by mixing it with ferric chloride or cal- 
cium bromide. 


Mabille, A. & Leclerc, G. 
Addn. to Fr. Pat—317,884 
All brominated products dissolved 
by a solvent of celluloid and capable 
of giving off a fire-extinguishing gas 
may be used to render celluloid in- 
combustible. 


Soc. Industrielle de Cellulose 
Filed—March 13, 1902 
F.P.—319,542 
Issued—July 25, 1902 
A plastic composed of amyl acetate, 
camphor, starch gelatinized by water, 
and nitrocellulose. 


Lederer, L. 

Fr. Pat.—319,724 
Issued—March 18, 1902 

Horny substances resembling cellu- 
loid are prepared from cellulose ace- 
tate by combining it with organic com- 
pounds containing one or more hy- 
droxyl groups or aldehyde, ketonie or 
amino groups, or with acid amides, 
with or without pressure. 

See also Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr. Pat— 
Issued—August 22, 1902 
Addn. to Fr. Pat.—319,724 

Horny substances are prepared by 

dissolving cellulose acetate in phenol, 
chloral hydrate, etc., with or without 
turpentine, camphor, etc., or metallic 
salts or oxides. 


Soc. Ind. de Cellulose 
Fr. Pat—319,926 
Camphor is partly substituted by 
gelatine, dissolved in water, acetic acid 
or glycerin. 


Soc. Anon L’Oyonnaxienne 
_ Fr. Pat.—320,133 
Camphor is partly substituted by 
gelatine 8-10% formaldehyde in alco- 
holic solution being added for harden- 
ing. 


Schwartz, M. 
Filed—April 16, 1902 
F.P.—320,452 
Issued—August 18, 1902 
Photographic paper is treated with 
a compound of the constituents listed 
below. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ....,....5 suas 19 gm 

Acetone  éi>r2s5.40) 5 ee 1000 c.c 

Amyl ‘acetate 4. ae 875 c.c 

Benzol | wis. tnes heen 875 c.c 
Lederer, L. 


Fr. Pat.—320,885 
See D.R.P.—224,330. 


Beau, H. 
Fr. Pat.—322,457 
Issued—June 24, 1902 


: 
| 
J 


FRENCH PATENTS 


An alcoholic solution of calcium 
chloride (about 20%) is added to a 
solution of celluloid in acetone in such 
quantity as to have one part of. cal- 
cium chloride to 10 parts of celluloid. 
On evaporating this mixture an unin- 
flammable film is obtained. 


Callenberg, E. 
Fr. Pat.—322,506 
Issued—June 27, 1902 

Halogen derivatives of the ethereal 

oils, especially turpentine chloride, are 
substituted for, or used in conjunction 
with, the camphor or other substance 
mixed with nitrocellulose or other cel- 
lulose compound in the manufacture 
of celluloid. 


Schmerber, J. & Morane, L. 
Fr. Pat.—324,121 
Issued—Aug. 30, 1902 

A celluloid-like material is prepared 

by combining cellulose acetate and cel- 
lulose nitrate by means of common 
solvents. 

Type Formula: 


OO a oe 40- 60 kilos 
Methyl alcohol ........ 90-120 kilos 
Nitrocellulose ......... 100 kilos 
Acetyl cellulose ........ 100 kilos 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
acetone. 
See also Eng. Pat. 4863—1903. 


Hirsch, J. 
Fr. Pat.—324,718 
Issued—Sept. 24, 1903 

A toughening fluid whose basis is an 

alcoholic solution of “acetylated de- 
rivatives of cellulose or hydro-cellu- 
lose.” 

Type Formula: 


Acetylated cellulose ...... 25 parts 
WIPAMENORA Vee ce cid ees 3. parts 
MFASEOIMIOU Weve. ci eksccsss 3 parts 
Dilute aleohol............ 100 parts 


Pillion, N. L. 
Fr. Pat.—325,336 
Issued—Oct. 16, 1902 
Celluloid considerably reduced in- 
flammability is prepared by incorpor- 
ating silica with the plastic mass. 
This is effected by the addition of 


193 


ethereal derivative of silicic acid, such 
as amyl silicate, methyl silicate, or 
ethyl disilicate. 


Luttke, H. 
Fr, Pat—325,548 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1902 | 
See Eng. Pat. 24,955 of 1902 


Zuhl, E. 
Fr, Pat.—325,585 
See Eng. Pat. 23,445 of 1902. 


Ensminger, H. 

Fr, Pat.—326,576 
Issued—Noy. 21, 1902 

Celluloid products composed of a 
basis of nitrocellulose, casein and 
camphor are steeped in a solution of 
formaldehyde until they are com- 
pletely penetrated by the liquid, and 
then dried. In this way the camphor 
is extracted by the formaldehyde and 
can be used again. The product has 
the consistency of horn. 


Proveux, H. M. 

Fr, Pat.—328,054 
Issued—Aug. 9, 1902 

Nitrocellulose is treated with an 
aluminium salt (preferably the ace- 
tate). When the resulting compound 
is incorporated with camphor, a non- 
inflammable, celluloid-like substance is 
obtained. 


Nogues, P. & Proveux, H. M. 
Fr. Pat— 
Issued—Feb. 25, 1903 
Addn. to Fr. Pat. 328,054 
’ Pure alumina, especially in alcoholic 
solution, is substituted for the alumi- 
nium salt of the principal patent. The 
second addition claims the addition of 
barium chloride (10 to 20% of the 
total weight) to the mixture of nitro- 
cellulose and alumina, 


Cie Francaise du Celluloid 
Fr, Pat.—328,658 
Issued—Jan. 21, 1903 
Casein moistened with a solution of 
urea acetate and denatured alcohol is 
incorporated with a mixture of nitro- 
cellulose and camphor moistened with 


194 


alcohol. It is advised to add formal- 


dehyde. 


Rochereau, A, A. 
Fr. Pat —329,854 
Tested Maren 2, 1903 
A white paint, diluted with silo. 
dion and ether, is first applied to vel- 
vet or other Hiaterial to act as foun- 
dation for colors. 


Soc. Anon. L’Oyonnaxienne 
Fr. Pat—331,819 
Issued—May 8, 1903 

Albumin (blood or egg) is treated 

with a dilute (5-10%) solution of for- 
maldehyde and the excess of the lat- 
ter is washed away with water. The 
“formylated albumin is mixed in pres- 
ence of alcohol’ with nitro cellulose 
and, if desired, camphor.” 


Soc. R. Eisenmann and J. Bendix 
French Pat.—333,824 - 
Issued—December 4, 1903 

Collodion cotton (10 parts) is dis- 
solved in about 65 parts of glacial 
acetic acid containing 15 parts of ace- 
tone. To this solution is added about 
250 parts of denatured (95%) alcohol. 


Didier, T. 
Fr. Pat.—336,970 
Issued—Nov. 3, 1903 
The production of imitation horn, 
shell, ete. 
See Brit. Pat. 22,245—1904. 
Type Formula: 


Oelhitonds« «dec ase eetenekers 20 parts 
ARBLONG = a: fic jtom ck Souter 40 parts ° 
Alcohol, 90-95% .......... 40 parts 
(JaSTOP Ol eck oh ocd aid pment 1-5 parts 


Proveux, H. 
Fr. Pat.—339,081 
Casein and glycerine are added to 
nitrocellulose as camphor substitutes. 


Actien-Gesellschaft f. Anilin-Fab. 
Filed—January 16, 1904 
' F.P.—339,654 
Issued—April 23, 1904 
Celluloid mixed with oils, 
waxes, resins, and caoutchouc. 


fats, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Schmerber, J. 
Fr. Pat.—340, 266 
Issued—Feb. 8, 1904 
Methylacetanilid is claimed as a 
partial or complete substitute for 
camphor in the manufacture of cellu- 
loid. 


Bethisy, L., et Soc. Myrthil Rose Et 

Cie. 

Fr. Pat.—340,622 
Insulating lacquer for electric pur- 
poses, 

Nitrocellulose and a calcium chloride 
solution are dissolved in amyl acetate; 
ether and denatured alcohol, pulver- 
ized tale and asbestos or mica are 
added. In place of amyl acetate one 
can use acetone, acetoacetic acid or 
alcohol-ether. 


Chem, Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-ter Meer 

Fr. Pat.—341,556 
Issued—March 23, 1904 

In the manufacture of celluloid, 
camphor is substituted by the follow- 
ing classes of compounds: Mono- or 
poly- halogen derivatives of primary 
aromatic amino compounds; acidyl de- 
rivatives of halogenized aromatic 
amines (e.g. chloroacetanilide). Acidyl 
(formyl-, acetyl-, benzoyl-) derivatives 
of secondary aromatic amines such as 
methylaniline or alkylnaphthylamines. 

See also Eng. Pat. 15,435—1904. 


Ortmann, R. 
French Pat.—342,464 
Issued—1904 
See also Eng. Pat. 5280—1904. 


Woodward, G. E. 


Fr. Pat.—344,048 
Issued—May 25, 1904 

Celluloid is rendered non-inflamma- 
ble by incorporating with each kilo of 
celluloid, 1.5 kilos of fish glue, 400 
gms. of gum arabic, 100 gms. of gela- 
tin, and 40 gms. of colza oil. 

See also Brit. Pat. 9277—1904; U.S.P. 

—803, 952. 


Parkin, W. C. 
Fr, Pat.—344,501 
Issued—July 1, 1904 


FRENCH PATENTS 


Celluloid or nitrocellulose is ren- 
dered incombustible by incorporating 
it with aluminium chloride, strontium 
chloride, magnesium chloride, and cal- 
cium chloride. 

Type Formula: 


UU LOS us Sea 2 parts 
(ROGTONG Srtes eo i.e kbc ase see 3 parts 
Aluminium chloride ........ 1 part 
Mretrormaiconol® 2.54.05... 2 parts 


Bethisy, L., and Soc. M. Rose et Cie. 
Fr, Pat.—347,303 
Issued—Oct. 21, 1904 

A non inflammable plastic product 
composed of nitrocellulose, zinc chlo- 
ride, oil d’aspic, calcium chloride, amyl] 
acetate, alcohol, ether, and crystallized 
acetic acid. 


Parkin, W. C. 
Fr. Pat.—347,446 
Issued—Oct. 27, 1904 
Celluloid or nitrocellulose composi- 
tions are mixed with boric acid for 
the purpose of making the product 
non-inflammable. 


Germain, P. 

Fr. Pat.—349,292 

Issued—Dec. 8, 1904 
Non-inflammable celluloid is pro- 

duced by incorporating with the cellu- 

loid, some salt, which on _ heating, 

evolves a considerable quantity of gas 

which does not support combustion, 

e.g. a bicarbonate. 


Matas y Rodes, F. 
Fr. Pat.—349,782 
Issued—Dec. 31, 1904 
A mass consisting of wood shavings 
or sawdust with a solution of nitro- 
cellulose in methyl alcohol as binding 
agent. 


Behal, A.; Magnier, P. & Tissier, C. 
Fr. Pat.—349,970 
Issued—June 7, 1904 
See Brit. Patent 11,512—1905. 


Prost, P. A. D. & Mickey, E. 
Fr. Pat.—351,555 
Issued—Jan. 17, 1905 
Nitrocellulose is dissolved in acetone, 


195 


- ether-alcohol, or other solvent in which 
has been dissolved a sufficient quantity 
of a metallic salt to render the final 
product, non-combustible. Such salts 
are alum, zinc chloride, aluminium 
chloride, ete. 


Prost, P. A. D. & Mickey, E. 

Fr. Pat — 
Issued—March 18, 1905 
Addn. to F. P—351,555 

The following substances are added 
to the mixture described in the prin- 
cipal patent: Fused zine chloride (in 
alcoholic solution), 10 to 25%; ammo- 
nium chloride (in -aleoholic solution), 
1 to 5%: carbon tetrachloride, 1 to 
15%, glycerine, 5 to 10%. 


Krais, P. & Bradford Dyers Ass’n 
Fr, Pat.—351,844 
Issued—Feb. 27, 1905 
See Eng. Pat. 18,742 of 1904 


Gillet, C. 

Fr. Pat.—352,853 

Issued—March 30, 1905 . 
Process of manufacturing celluloid, 

consisting in dissolving camphor, 50 to 

80 kg. in alcohol, adding colophony, 

50 to 20 kg., and proceeding with the 

operations known in the manufacture 

of ordinary celluloid. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr, Pat.—352,897 
Issued—April 1, 1905 
Process of manufacturing lacquer 
and varnish, consisting in employing 
~ acetylene tetrachloride as a solvent for 
the resins and acetyl] celluloses. 
See also Eng. Pat. 6751—1905. 


Cathelineau, C. & Fleury, R. 

Fr. Pat—354,292 
Issued—1905 

Plastic masses, films, etc., are pre- 
pared by treating casein with phenol 
with the addition of cellulose nitrate 
or cellulose acetate and finally cam- 
phor. 


Cathelineau, H. C. M. L. & Fleury, A. A. 
French Pat.—354,942 
Issued—June 5, 1905 


196 


The pliability or elasticity of a 
phenol-casein film may be increased by 
adding varying quantities of nitrocellu- 
lose, acetanilide, “terpene” or glycerin. 

See also English Patent 12,277— 

1905. 


Cathelineau, H. C. M. L. and Fleury, 
A. A. 
Addition to French Patent—354,942 
Issued—June 8, 1905 
A plastic substance is made by treat- 
ing casein with a phenol (as carbolic 
acid and thymol) in which is dissolved 
camphor and cellulose. 
See also Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905. 


Binderwald, H. 
Fr. Pat.—356,444 
Issued—July 27, 1905 

An enamel for wood capable of 

being polished, consisting of a mix- 
ture of glue, collodion, and coloring 
material. 

Type Formula: 


Russian glue, dilute......... 3 parts 
COllOdiOn: © <ns-s08 sears 5 parts 
Coloring matter )../25 see's « 3 parts 


Lagneau, H., Nebel, E., Vignes, M. 
Fr. Pat.—360,912 
Issued—March 18, 1905 
Process of manufacturing non- 
inflammable celluloid, which consists 
of dissolving 1 part nitrocellulose in 
2.5 parts of amyl acetate containing 
1 part of camphor, and then adding 
four parts of a saturated solution of 
’ magnesium sulphate. 


Patat, F. 
Fr. Pat.—361,934 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1905 
Type Formula: 


AMY] BGCtEIG we iaekos ean 450 c.c 
Denatured alcohol ....... 500 c.c 
Castor oil 2. 25\c5. sae ere ee 50 c.c 
Celluloid opr cuere han to 50-60 gm. 


Optional Constituents:—Resin, sandarac. 


Claesen, C. 
French Pat.—363,090 
Issued—July 20, 1906 
The use of benzylidene diacetate as 
a camphor substitute is claimed. 
See also D.R.P.—172,966. 
D.R.P.—174,259. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Ohr, E. and Schlegel, O. 

Fr. Pat.—363,592 
Issued—Feb. "D4, 1906 

A lacquer for rendering cela re- 
sistant to heat and moisture, consist- 
ing entirely or in part of ether, alco- 
hol, amyl acetate, benzene, camphor, 
oil of turpentine and lavender oil, with 
pyroxylin, shellac, sandarac, borax, 
dammar, resin and similar substances. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 

Fr, Pat—363,846 
Issued—March 5, 1906 

Process of manufacturing celluloid- 
like products, consisting in mixing 
with the nitrocellulose the tri- or 
multichloronated acidyl derivatives of 
monoalcoylaniline, in which the ortho 
position with respect to the amidogen 
group is occupied by glycerol, except 
in s-acetyltetrachloraniline and benzyl- 
acetylpentachloraniline. 


Badische Aniline & Soda-Fabrik 
Addn. to Fr. Pat.—363,846 
Int. Conv. Aug. 8, 1905 - 
Issued—March 5, 1906 

Symmetrical methylbenzoyl trichlo- 

ranilid can replace the acetyl deriva- 
tives of tri- or polychlor alkylanilines 
in the production of celluloid, as sub- 
stitutes for camphor. 


Claessen, C. 
Fr. Pat—364,604 
Issued—March 26, 1906 
Process of manufacturing a celluloid- 
like substance, characterized by re- 
placing the camphor by igs 
ureas. 


Blanchin, A. 

Fr. Pat.—364,690 
Issued—March 28, 1906 

Process for the preparation of non- 
inflammable plastic. Ten kilos. of 
nitrocellulose are dissolved in ether- 
alcohol, wood spirit, or acetone, and 
to the solution are added 0.5-1.2 kilos. 
of castor oil, glycerol, or camphor, 0.3- 
1.0 kilo. of sulfuric acid at 66° B., 
1.0-2.5 kilos. of calcium chloride, and 
0.5-1.5 kilos of manganese chloride. In 
order to impart a certain amount of 


FRENCH PATENTS 


brilliancy to the product, 10-500 gms. 
of a chloride of carbon may be added. 


Badische Ainilin und Soda Fabrik 
French Pat.—365,297 
Issued—April 14, 1906 

See Eng. Pat—8077-1906. 
D.R.P.—180,203. 
D.R.P—180,204. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
Fr. Pat —366,106 
Issued—May 11, 1906 
Process of manufacturing celluloid- 
like products, characterized by the em- 
ployment of amidine, derived from 
aromatic o-diamines, as substitutes for 
camphor, obtaining these amidines 
from the corresponding nitramines. 
See U.S.P.—892,899. 
Eng. Pat. 10,228A—1906. 
D.R.P.—180,126. 


Bethisy, L., Fouchard, L. et Vignes, E. 

Fr. Pat.—368,004 
Issued—July 12, 1906 

Celluloid, plastic, without camphor, 
and noncombustible, is prepared by the 
action of a hydrocarbon, preferably 
lavender oil, on tetranitrocellulose, the 
mass being next subjected to the ac- 
tion of a mixture of acetic acid, ether, 
acetone, amyl acetate, alcohol and a 
solution of Unona selanica and finally 
treating by a solution of boric acid in 
ether and a calcium ethylate and am- 
monium thiocyanate. 

See U.S.P—894,108; Brit. Pat. 11,- 

397—1907. 


Mestrallet-Petry, E. 
Fr. Pat—372,018 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1906 
A non inflammable substitute for 
celluloid. 
Type Formula: 


SE ae carte as aoe v's 1 kg. 
Me arse vax c's'e coe 2 kg. 
eis as vine a's s+ en nia 100 gm 
MOET feiiy poss ccc ve ses es 460 gm 
Water 

Optional Constituents:—Russian glue, 


“Troocher,” castor oil. 


197 


Arbezcarme, L. 
Fr. Pat—372,512 
Issued—Dec. 13, 1906 
A mixture of rosin and naphthalene 
are used as substitutes for camphor in 
celluloid. 


Bondet, L. 

Filed—Dec. 15, 1906 
Fr. Pat—372,599 
Issued—Jan. 23, 1906 

A plastic substance is obtained by 
adding to celluloid a mixture of gela- 
tin, glucose, resinous substances, and 
oil, the presence of which diminishes 
the combustibility of the celluloid in 
proportion to their amount. 


Peyrusson, E. 

Fr. Pat —374,395 
Issued—April 14, 1906 

Nitrocellulose is incorporated by 
means of acetone, methyl alcohol, or 
other suitable solvents with metallic 
ricinoleates, specially those of mag- 
nesium, zinc, aluminum and lead. This 
composition combines with the chlo- 
rides of zinc, Magnesium, Manganese, 
copper, etc., to give a but slightly in- 
flammable product. 


Peyrusson, A. E. 

Addn. to Fr. Pat —374,395 
Issued—April 13, 1907 

In the manufacture of celluloid, 
camphor may be substituted by sulfo- 
ricinoleates. Magnesium _ sulforicio- 
leate is particularly suitable for 
blending with nitrocellulose. 


Rouxeville, E. A. L. 
F.P.—376,269 
Issued—1906 

See E.P. 13,023 of 1907. 


Marino, P. 
Fr. Pat.—376,399 
Issued—April 5, 1907 
See U.S. Patent—893,634. 
See Eng. Pat. 5,891—1907. 
See D.R.P—206,471. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr. Pat.—377,010 
Issued—April 20, 1907 


198 


Chloral hydrate and chloral alco- 
holate are recommended as camphor 
substitutes in celluloid made from 
cellulose nitrate or cellulose esters. 

See also U.S.P. 1,195,040. 

Type Formula: 


Nitrocellutose’nna. ste 5 parts 
Chlioral ‘hydrate: 4.0.25... 2 parts 
Cellulose acetate ........... 3 parts 
Chloral alcoholate .......... 2 parts 


See also Eng. Pat. 9,537 of 1907. 


Degorce, L. L. 
Filed—April 20, 1907 
F.P.—377,039 
Issued—June 28, 1907 
A  non-inflammable coating for 
paper, etc., is obtained by treating with 
the two solutions given below. 
Type Formula: 


No. 1 
Colloditgie ii, soaks aten tee eee 20 gms 
Ch hee byes ae ee fe 100 gms 
PIB ORO secretes ee gh Ge 800 c.c 
No. 2 
Waters ron oneviat hes See 1 liter 
Glycerine fiw Paka ee 50 c.c. 
Gumi: lac. \sancemee. Wanee 30 gms 
Borax. .c.. & aes. ee oomes 40 gms 
POrmol ss... <...0 cu Meee eee 2 CC 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter-Meer 
Filed—July 17, 1906 
F .P.—377,671 
Issued—July 18, 1907 
See. E.P. 16,271—1906, Can. P. 
103,036. 


Kraemer & Van Elsberg 
French Pat.—379,589 
Issued—June 5, 1907 

See also Eng. Pat. 
US.P. 942,395. 


Fiarillo, L. 
Filed—July 17, 1907 
F.P.—379,979 
Issued—Sept. 25, 1907 
Transparent fabric or paper is ob- 
tained by treating with the following 
composition: 
Type Formula: 


26,201—1905, 


Celhilgid =e 2 sore eens 10 gms 
Acetone, 3. cet ee ee 120 c.c. 
Amy! acetate”... Wisaeee 20 c.c 
Castor oil 2). 2 ie ee 1 c.c 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Tiller, F. R.; Benjinger, O. L. & Meyer, 
R. A. 
Fr, Pat.—381,195 
Issued—Aug. 12, 1907 

A paint, having when dry a metallic 

lustre, is produced by mixing finely 
pulverized mica with a 4% collodion 
solution and diluting the mixture with 
ether. 

Type Formula: 


Mica -... (iene 20-30 parts 
Collodion (4%) solution 300-400 parts 
Ether .... 36.5 sae 200-300 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Coloring mat- 
bers 
See also Eng. Pat. 18,416—1907. 


Gillet, C. 
Fr. Pat.—382,270 
Issued—Dec. 3, 1906 
The camphor used in the manufac- 
ture of celluloid is replaced by a mix- 
ture of resin and castor oil. 


Gillet, C. 

Fr. Pat.—382,350 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1906 

A portion of the camphor or similar 
substance used in the manufacture of 
celluloid is replaced by a mixture of 
resin and castor oil, The quantity of 
oil may range from 3 to 10% of the 
resin. 


Dubosc, O. L. A. 
Fr. Pat.—383,478 
Issued—Jan. 9, 1908 
Borneol esters when mixed with 
alcohol can be used to dissolve nitro- 
cellulose for the manufacture of cel- 
luoid. 


Soc. Anon-Nouvelle L’ Oyonnithe 
Fr. Pat.—387,179 
Issued—Feb, 12, 1908 
Celluloid-like products are obtained 
by replacing the camphors with ethers 
of the fatty acids. 
Type Formula: 


Ethyl stearate .2c20.eeceeee 16 parts 
Alcohol ..3¢3 ee 20 parts 
Acetone ‘. s.r eee 14 parts 
Nitrocellulose “....0.. Snes we 50 parts 


Assadas, S. 
Fr. Pat.—387,537 
Issued—May 8, 1907 


FRENCH PATENTS 199 


Celluloid substitutes are obtained by 
(1) nitrating paper in vessels with the 
exclusion of air and light, (2) adding 
colophony or other resins, castor oil, 
or a hydrocarbon dissolved in nitro- 
cellulose. 

See also Eng. Pat. 9,982—1908. 


Assadas, S. 
Addn. to Fr. Pat.—387,537 
Issued—May 8, 1908 
A non-inflammable composition con- 
taining colophony stannous chloride, 
ammonium-chloride, and carbon tetra- 
chloride is applied to nitrated paper. 


Hue, G. E. 
Fr. Pat.—387,791 
Issued—May 14, 1907 
Photographic film. 
Type Formula: 


Nrtroceihviese ©.56 2000.6... 8 kilos 
WCHLOMIGM ea os wie eli dewe ces 30 kilos 
Amylacetate cies. s. se. 20 kilos 
Methyl alcohol ............ 40 kilos 
Sodium ricinoleate ......... 1 kilo 
Ultramine 


Desvaux, L. & Allaire, H. 
Fr. Pat.—388,097 
Issued—March ‘11, 1908 
A plastic mass consisting of nitxo- 
cellulose, camphor or its substitutes 
and the protein substance “maisin” ex- 
tracted from maize by means of a 
higher alcohol, such as amyl alcohol. 
See also Eng. Pat. 9,313—1908. 


Debard, P. 
Filed—May 21, 1908 
F.P.—391,401 
Issued—Aug. 28, 1908 
Washable linen is prepared by treat- 
ing with the following composition. 
Type Formula: 


Fulminating cotton ........ 10 gms. 

Perirerie eter ssi ee 85 gms. 

Pee PBICGNOl dus. 2 se. 28 Ss 15 gms. 

Amy] acetic ether .......... 65 gms. 

Do a 1 OE 20 gms. 

1 nS | SS I a 5 gms 
Blum, J. 


Fr, Pat.—392,270 
Issued—Oct. 8, 1907 


Fabrics are rendered impermeable by 
coating them with a thin coating of 
celluloid. 


Dugour, H. 


Fr. Pat.—392,505 
Issued—Sept. 26, 1907 _ 

A mixture containing ether, colo- 
phony, castor oil, nitrocellulose, de- 
natured alcohol and amyl acetate is 
used for preservation of fabrics. 


Rouxeville, E. A. L. 


Fr. Pat.—393,310 
Issued—June 1, 1908 

Oxidized terpene hydrocarbons are 
added to nitrocellulose. Celluloid pre- 
pared from this product is specially 
stable. 


Meyer, F. 


Fr. Pat.—393,963 
Issued—Aug. 29, 1908 

Solutions of cellulose composition 
(nitrates, acetates) are converted into 
plastic condition by the simultaneous 
presence of both a solvent and a 
coagulating substance. When the 
acetate is used, the plastic mass is 
made with a mixture of acetone and 
water. 

See also U.S.P. 1,175,791, Eng. Pat. 
19,735—1908. 


Manissadjian, H. B. 


Fr. Pat. —397,429 
Issued—Dec. 15, 1908 

A plastic mass composed of cellulose 
acetate, volatile solvent (e.g. ethyl 
acetate, chloroform, acetone, alcohol), 
with castor oil and a sulphophenic de- 
rivative of a halogen and glycerol 
acetate as softening agents. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ....... 40 parts 
Hthyl acetate: ...0.60.<s 80-100 parts 
Castor oil... 5-20% of wt. of solution 
Sulfophenic 

deriv. of a 

halogen .. 520% of wt. of solution 
Glycerol acetate ....... 10- 15 parts 


Optional Constitwents: — Chloroform, 


acetone, alcohol. 


200 


Kiirtz, L. 
Fr. Pat.—398,028 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1908 

A gold-leaf compound is obtained 

by mixing together gold bronze, amyl 
acetate, benzene, methanol, linseed oil, 
and nitrocellulose. 

Type Formula: 


{301d DONS sacic ts choy eee 20 g 

Aitiyl Scetate .. 2) oc nies nce 500 c.c 

Benzene 26-2 > Kawien e ete 450 c.c 

Methanol |; 4 ca saith ts douse 50 c.c 

Linseed Voll) awa tho cee 3 ¢.c 

Nitrocelluiose:... 02s a6 49h 26.25 c.c 
Gall, H. 

Filed—March 13, 1908 

F.P.—398,084 


Issued March 15, 1909 

A bronzing fluid composed of a 
metal powder, e.g. aluminium, ethyl 
acetate, with or without the addition 
of nitrocellulose. 


Furst Guido Donnersmarchische Kunst- 

seiden u. Acetat Werke, Ger, 
Fr. Pat.—400,652 
Issued—March 10, 1909 

Production of commercially valuable 
solutions of cellulose acetate by em- 
ploying formaldehyde alone or com- 
bined with other solvents to affect the 
solution of the cellulose acetate. 

See also D.R.P. 237,718. 


Soc. Anonyme des Plaques et Papiers 
Photographiques A. Lumiere 
Filed—July 11, 1908 
F.P.—401,228 
Issued—July 12, 1909 

Non-combustible films; the incom- 
bustibility being given by two things: 
Ist, gelatin and its analogs; 2nd, by 
incombustible cellulose compounds 
such as cellulose acetate. . 


Commercial Products Co., Ltd. 

Fr. Pat.—402,028 
Issued—April 14, 1909 

A composition consisting of gelatin 
(with or without casein or albumin), 
phenol or anhydrous glycerin or a mix- 
ture of the two or other anhydrous 
solvent, gum-lac, dinitro or acetyl cel- 
lulose and camphor is shaken with a 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


preparation of anhydrous formalde- 
hyde (e.g. paraformaldehyde) or a 
solution of formaldehyde in anhydrous 
glycerin. 

Special claim is made for use in the 
gelatin emulsion of a new form of 
celluloid in which the camphor may 
be replaced by anhydroformaldehyde- 
aniline or by a resinate thereof. 

See also Eng. Pat. 4,154—1909. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr. Pat.—402,072 
Issued—April 15, 1909 
See Eng. P. 11,625 of 1909. 
See also Aust. Pat. 42,440—1910. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr, Pat.—402,083 
Issued—April 15, 1909 
The esters of phenols and poly- 
phenols are claimed as softening agents 
for films, etc., prepared from cellulose 
acetate. These agents are insoluble in 
water. Resorcinol diacetate is speci- 
fied. 
See also Eng. Pat. 8,945—1909. 


Clement, F. E, 
Fr. Pat.—402,569 
- Issued—April 24, 1909 
Colloidal silica is used to render cel- 
luloid non-inflammable. 
Type Formula: 


Pyroxylin solution sigs seu ee 90% 
Silica... sas deus cae eee 10% 
Optional Constituents:—Tetra ethyl 
monosilicate, diethyl monosilicate, 
hexa ethyl dimonosilicate, diethyl] 
dimonosilicate. 


See Eng. Pat. 10,320—1910. 


Sauverzac, J. M. 
Fr. Pat. 402,950 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1908 
A solution of a metallic chloride 
(aluminum chloride) in alcohol is a 
good solvent for nitrocellulose. 


Douque, A. 
F.P.—403,761 
Issued—June 7, 1909 
Linen is treated with starch to 
which basic aluminum acetate, the 
double salts of zinc and aluminium, or 


FRENCH PATENTS 201 


casein-lime is added. The linen is 
then treated with a solution of cellu- 
lose acetate either alone or mixed with 
a collodion, celluloid or resin varnish. 
Optional Constitwents:—Solution of 
soap, sebacic acid. 
See also E.P. 17,449—1909, 


Chem, Fabr. Griesheim-Elektron 
Fr, Pat.—404,886 
Issued—July 8, 1909 
See Brit. P. 15,855 of 1909. 


Buchstab, B. G. 
Fr. Pat.—407,862 
Issued—Oct. 13, 1909 
See Ger. P. 216,307 of 1909. 


Farbenfabr. F. Bayer & Co. 

Fr. Pat.—408,370 
Issued—Oct. 27, 1909 

Threads of whatever source are 
covered with a solution of cellulose 
acetate containing bronze or metallic 
powders, with or without the addition 
of colors or pigments. 

See also U.S.P. 1,031,616, Eng. Pat. 
11,354—1909. 


Farbenfabr. Bayer 
2nd Add’n to Fr, Pat.—408,370 
Issued—June 11, 1910 

Certain organic substances are added 
to increase pliability of coating: cer- 
tain amines, anilides, amides, imides, 
ethers, esters and halogenated deriva- 
tives. 

Optional’ Constituents:—Ethyl benzoyl- 
o-toluidine, acetin, acetyl benzyl-o- 
toluidine. 

See also Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. 


Eastman Kodak Co. 
French Pat.—408,396 
See U.S.P. 1,434,427. 


Soc. Monnet et Goutteborn 

Filed—Feb. 11, 1909 
F.P.—409,196 
Issued—Feb. 12, 1910 

Fabrics are treated with a solution 
of celluloid or nitrocellulose and cam- 
phor in the usual solvents, with the 
addition of aniline coloring matter or 
bronze powder. 


Bretean, P. & Leroux, H. 

Fr, Pat —409,557 
Issued—Feb. 19, 1909 

Substitutes for celluloid are men- 
tioned, containing instead of nitrocel- 
lulose, organic or inorganic acid ethers — 
of nitrocellulose, hydrocellulose or 
oxycellulose or mixtures of these. 

Instead of camphor, the substances 
mentioned below may be used. 

Optional Constituents:—Aromatic-alde- 

hydes (benzaldehyde, homologous 
alkylated or arylated derivatives), 
hydroaromatic ketones (hexahydro 
benzyl ketone, tetrahydro benzyl 
ketone and their alkylated homologues, 
hydronaphthy] ketones). The complex 
mixture obtained by oxidation of the 
product resulting from the catalytic 
hydrogenation of crude phenols or mix- 
ture of the above substances. 


Labbe, L. L. T. 
Fr. Pat—410,973 
Issued—March 26, 1909 

Cellulose is treated with sulfuric and 

nitric acid. After washing and drying 
enough glacial acetic acid is added to 
form a thick paste. A second paste, 
consisting of gelatin, magnesium ace- 
tate and glacial acetic acid is mixed 
with the first and a supersaturated al- 
coholic solution of tin protochloride is 
added. 


Reeser, H. J. G. 
Fr. Pat—411,126 
Issued—Dec. 18, 1909. 
See Eng. Pat. 12,976—1909. 


Mijnssen, C. 
Fr, Pat.—411,298 
Issued—Jan. 5, 1910 
Acetyl cellulose is treated with 
phenol, as a camphor substitute. 
See also Eng. Pat. 476—1910. 


Eichengrun, A. 
French Pat.—412,797 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1910 
Cellulose acetate may be dissolved 
in a mixture of methyl alcohol and 
benzene, in neither of which alone it is 
soluble. 


202 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 1 kilo 
Methyl alcohol’ .........4. 2 kilos 
‘Toluené: i925.) 2 ake 1 kilo 
Methyl acetanilin ......... 150 gms. 
Epichlorhydrin).o.05,00es 100 gms. 


Optional Constituents:—Ethyl toluene- 
sulfonate, trichloraniline, benzene, ace- 
tone, glacial acetic acid. 

See also British Patent 1,441—1910. 


Eichengrun, A, 
Addition to E.P.—412,797 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1910 
Solutions of cellulose acetate de- 
scribed in the principal patent are 
utilized for coating paper, fabrics, 
leather, metals, and other materials. 
See E.P.—18,076—1910. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Fr, Pat.—412,799 
Alcohol and hydrocarbons when 
heated are solvents for acetyl cellulose. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Fr, Pat.—413,657 
Issued—March 16, 1910 

Cellulose acetate is transformed into 

a noninflammable plastic material by 
combining it with phosphoric or sul- 
furic esters of phenols, cresols or 
naphthols or their derivatives. The 
product is worked up exactly like cel- 
luoid, a solvent being added to assist 
the incorporation of the materials if 
necessary. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ........... 
Phenyl phosphate .......... 
Chloroform—sufficient 

Optional Constituents:—Glacial 
acid, acetone. 


acetic 


Merckens, W. and Manissadjian, H. B. 

Filed—March 16, 1910 
F.P.—413,658 
Issued—May 31, 1910 

Motion picture films are rendered 
non-inflammable by the use of ethers 
or sulfethers of phenols, cresol, naph- 
thol, or derivatives of these last 
products. 


Eichengrun, A. 
F.P.—413,901 
Issued—March 21, 1910 

See E.P. 4,959—1910. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 

Fr. Pat.—414,679 
Issued—April 9, 1910 

In preparing celluloid substitutes ac- 
cording to French Patent 413,657 there 
is a difficulty in obtaining concentrated 
solutions of cellulose acetate. It is 
now proposed to substitute for the 
acetate, mixed esters of cellulose, de- 
rived from cellulose acetate, which can 
be dissolved in acetone, giving solutions 
up to 75% strength. These esters are 
combined with the esters of phenols, 
cresols, or naphthols as _ previously 
described. 

See Eng. Pat. 8,646—1910, Aust. Pat. 
47,244, Aust. Pat. 53,409, French Pat. 
413,658, Swiss Pat. 51,644. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Fr. Pat—414,680 
Solvents for acetyl cellulose: 
The ethers and sulpho ethers of the 
phenols, cresols, etc. 


Lindsay, W. G. 

~ Fr, Pat.—415,517 
Issued—May 4, 1910 

Plastic mass prepared by mixing 

acetyl cellulose, triphenyl phosphate 
and a solvent such as acetone. 

Type Formula: 
Triphenyl phosphate . 
Acetyl cellulose ........ 


... 10 20 parts 
100 parts 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Fr, Pat.—415,518 
Issued—May 4, 1910 
Urea added to acetyl cellulose com- 
position imparts strength and perma- 
nence to products. 
Type Formula: 
Urea. .. «..s4 eee 
Acetyl cellulose ........... 100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Triphenyl phos- 
phate. 


Rampinchini, F. 
French Patent—415,945 
Issued—May 13, 1910 
See also Eng. Pat. 14,586—1910. 


es 


FRENCH PATENTS 


Hesse, A. 

Applied—April 10, 1910 
Fr. Pat.—416,806 
Issued—Aug. 16, 1910 

The utilization of alkyl or aralkyl 
esters of phthalic acid or mixtures of 
this ester as solvents—especially for 
resins, oils, etc. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—June 7, 1910 
F.P.—416,843 
Issued—Aug. 17, 1910 
USP. 1,233,374, USP. 
E.P. 13,692—1910. 


1,292,819, 


Farbwerke Bayer 
Fr, Pat—417,027 
Solutions of acetyl cellulose are used 
as a sizing. 


Farbwerke Bayer 

Fr. Pat.—417,250 

One obtains at room temperature an 
almost liquid mass when dichlorhydrin, 
triacetin or liquid solvents are added 
to cellulose acetate. 

Pentachlorethane and alcohol are 
solvents for acetyl cellulose. 


Walker, H. 
Fr. Pat—417,319 
Issued—1910 
The dissolving capacity of acetylene 
tetrachloride for cellulose esters is 
increased by the addition of methyl or 
ethyl alcohol to the mixture. 


Farben. F. Bayer & Co. 
Fr. Pat.—418,309 
Issued—July 16, 1910 
See English Patent 16,932 of 1910. 
See also Eng. Pat. 4,364—1910, Eng. 
Pat. 16,932—1910. 


Debauge & Cie 

Fr. PAt.—418,347 
Issued—Sept. 24, 1909 

Cellulose acetate is dissolved in 
tetrachlorethane and pyridine. The 
latter, though indifferent as solvent, 
neutralizes any acetic acid formed from 
the cellulose acetate. The viscosity is 
increased by addition of hexachlo- 
rethane or of aldehydes of the terpene 
series. 


203 


Debauge Et Cie 
Ist Addition to Fr. Pat.—418,347 
Issued—Dec, 23, 1911 
Cellulose acetate and _hexachlo- 
rethane are associated in approxi- 
mately equal parts for the formation 
of a plastic material, the absorption 
of the hexachlorethane by the cellulose 
acetate being produced by a common 
solvent such as tetrachlorethane. 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, 
tone, mixtures of above. 


ace- 


Fichengriin, A. 
Fr. Pat. 418,744 
Issued—July 28, 1910 

See English Patent 18,189 of 1910. 

See U. S. Patent 1,185,074. 

Cellulose acetate is incorporated 
with loading materials (inert powders) 
and softening agents, to produce a hard 
and strong material. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose’ acetate: ....4...4.. 1 kg. 
Methyl acetanilid 0 is.4-..3. 200 g. 
HAD Vile lactate.s* ety cce eo ee 300 g. 
IMEOhOLy Ree. ee Sk 1 kg. 
Benzene. <a ee Lae 1 kg. 
ZAVCE WHILE Roe te eee 2 kg. 


Eichengriin, A. 
Fr, Pat.—419,530 
Issued Aug. 11, 1910 
See English Patent 27,258 of 1910. 
Acetyl cellulose is moistened with a 
solution of a camphor substitute (such 
as phenol or chloral hydrate) in a suit- 
able volatile solvent. The latter must 
not have any solvent action on the 
acetyl cellulose. 


Eichengriin, A. 

Ist Addition to Fr. Pat. 419,530 
Issued—Sept. 29, 1910 

In carrying out the process described 
in the original specifications, particu- 
larly favorable results are obtained by 
use of acetylene tetrachloride with or 
without alcohol. 


De Briailles, G. C. de 
Fr, Pat.—420,044 
Issued—Nov. 11, 1909 
Celluloid is rendered non-inflam- 
mable by treatment under pressure 


204 


with a solution of ammonium sulfide, 
ammonia and gelatin. 


Peters, H. 
French Pat.—420,127 
Issued—Sept. 7, 1910 
See Eng. Pat. 870—1910. 


Nigro, J. & Hollande, P. C, A. 
Fr. Pat.—420,212 
Issued—July 8, 1910 
A composition consisting of cellu- 
loid, acetone, powdered magnesium 
chloride and alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Cailalouls je. peer 1 part 
Asetone 2525, beiwene yee ee 10 parts 
Magnesium chloride ....... 1 part 
AlSGHGLA) se. eer ae cas 3 parts 


Parkin, W. C. & Williams, A. 
Fr. Pat.—421,010 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1910 
See English Patent 26,657 of 1909. 


Walker, H. V. 
Fr. Pat—421,058 
Issued—Oct. 4, 1910 
See U. 8. Patents 972,952, 972,953 of 
1910, 972,954. 
See also Canadian Pat. 132,232. 


Convert, G. 
Fr, Pat.—421,843 
Issued—Oct. 26, 1910 

A composition containing cellulose 

acetate, is rendered non-inflammable 
by the addition of tetrachlorethane. 
Acetone, alcohol, or other solvents are 
used. 

Optional Constituents:—Camphor, vase- 
line oils, sulfur, caoutchouc dissolved 
in ethylene dichloride. 


Prost, P. A. D. & Les Fils Pinay Jeune 
Fr, Pat.—421,854 
Issued Dec. 30, 1909 
Cellulose nitrate or acetate is im- 
pregnated with a liquid composed of 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose nitrate 


Lactic: scid-* civ eee eee 15- 50 ers 
Alcohol and ether ....... 1000 c.c 
Stannous chloride ....... 300-400 grs. 
GCamphor 2c. eisai: 300-400 gers. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula—Continued: 


Castor oil ...03940ia eee 10 grs. 
Barium chloride ...7....% 3- 10 grs. 
Sodium chloride ......... 1- 5 grs. 
Carbon tetrachloride .... 20- 40 grs. 
Optional Constituents: — Ammonium 


chloride. 


Zimmer, A. A. A. 
Fr, Pat.—422,763 
Issued—Nov. 18, 1910 
See English Patent 24,006 of 1909. 


De Bercegol, R. C. M. 
Filed—Jan. 28, 1910 
F.P.—422,819 
Issued—Jan. 30, 1911 

Fabrics are rendered washable by 

treating with a lacquer composed of 
celluloid, gum-resins, or vegetable 
essences, such as mastic, benzoin, cam- 
phor, etc., dissolved in acetone or a 
mixture of acetone and ether and a 
small amount of amyl acetate. 


Ver. Glanzstoff-Fabriken 
Fr. Pat.—423,774 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1910 
Cellulose formate or phosphorfor- 
mate are precipitated from their solu- 
' tions by amyl acetate or a mixture of 
a hydrocarbon (toluene) and alcohol. 
Later camphor is added. 
See English Patent 29,246 of 1910. 
See Aust. Patent 54,512. 
See German Patent 249,535. 


Jacquemin, P. C. & Heraud, R. E. E. 

Fr. Pat —424,820 
Issued—March 21, 1910 

Substitutes for celluloid, glass, etc., 
consisting of a mixture of definite 
amounts of fish glue, gelatin, lichens, 
glycerol, Na and K silicate, 90% alco- 
hol, and glucose. The articles made 
from this mixture are immersed in a 
bath of distilled H.O and albumen, 
and developed by dipping into a suit- 
able mixture of zapon lac, turpentine, 
nitrocellulose, colophony, celluloid, 
90% alcohol, and methyl ether. 


Wohl, A. 
Fr. Pat.—425,900 
Issued—1910 


; 
: 
: 
E 


FRENCH PATENTS 205 


Acetone and methyl] formate are sol- 
vents for acetyl cellulose. 

See German Patent 246,657 of 1910. 

See also Aust. P. 53,099. 


J. Ackard and C. Gonon 
French Pat.—427,562 
Issued—May 30, 1910 

Commercial cellulose acetate is 

mixed with its own volume of tetra- 
chloro-ethane or tetrachloro-acetylene 
and the product is further diluted to 
the required consistence for rendering 
fabrics and fibers impermeable and 
non-inflammable. 


Cie Franc. Du Celluloid 
Fr. Pat.—427,804 
Issued—June 3, 1910 
A non-inflammable plastic material 
consisting of cellulose acetate and the 
mono acetyl derivative of ethyl aniline. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 50 parts 
Mono acetyl ethyl aniline... 30 parts 
PE Pe eG es ia cee swe 20 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Homologues of 
acetyl ethyl aniline, solvents other 
than acetone, mineral or other filling 
substances. 


Soc. Francaise des Tissus Biaises 
Filed—June 3, 1910 
F.P.—427,818 
Issued—June 7, 1911 
A lacquer suitable for coating bal- 
loon fabrics. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .....:... 15 parts 
REAIO os es soe 0s + 0's 2 parts 
Tetrachlorethane ......... 100 parts 


Verein. Glanzstoff Fabriken A. G. 
French Patent—428,069 
Issued—April 3, 1911 

See Eng. Pat. 8,313—1911. 


Brit. & Cont. Camphor Co., Ltd. 
Fr, Pat.—428,664 
Issued—June 27, 1910 
Ethyl and methyl butyrate are used 
in place of amyl acetate for gelatin- 
izing nitrocellulose in manufacture of 
varnishes. 


Hornstein, N. 
Ist, Addition to Fr. Pat.—429,166 
Issued—Oct. 10, 1910 
A fabric is coated with agar dissolved 
in water and formaldehyde and then 
covered with a solution of collodion in 
oil of turpentine, alcohol and ether. 


Doerflinger, W. F. 
Fr. Pat —429,754 
Issued—May 16, 1911 
See U.S. Patent 1,003,438, Eng. Pat- 
ent 11,728—1911. 


‘Leduc, Hertz & Co. 

Fr. Pat.— 429,788 
Issued—May 17, 1911 

Cellulose acetate in acetone is 
diluted with benzene and ethyl alco- 
hol or cellulose acetate in acetone 
containing B-naphthol and _ hexachlo- 
rethane is diluted with a mixture com- 
posed of benzene and ethanol. 

See also Eng. Pat. 6,798—1911, Eng. 
Pat. 21,426—1911. 


Kerkhoff, E. Van Der 
Fr, Pat.—429,879_ - 
Issued—May 23, 1911 
Nitrocellulose or celluloid is mixed 
with oils or fats which have undergone 
a preliminary heating with certain or- 
ganic compounds containing negative 
substituents. 
Type Formula: 


Hatty ld serine) 5 eee 30 kg. 
p-Nitro toluenéh eat ine aiias 6 kg. 
INitroealbuloge. (0 pyc ote et sak 50 kg. 
(Impregnated with alcohol) 

Solvent for nitrocellulose..... 14 kg. 


Ratignier, W. M. & H. Pervilhac Et Cie 
Fr. Pat.—431,090 
Fabrics are rendered impermeable by 
impregnation with a solution of gun- 
cotton, in a mixture of alcohol, ether 
and amyl acetate. 


Macedonski, N. 
Filed—June 28, 1911 
F.P.—431,711 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1911 
“Trised mother of pearl paper” may 
be obtained by the use of the compo- 
sition given below. 


206 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula: 


Collodionis. Si 25565 eee 1-2 parts 

00% -aléohol <3. “AEs. RAG 20 parts 

Hthers& Cigna ketene eae 75 parts 
Dreyfus, H. 


2nd Addition to Fr. Pat.—432,046 
Issued—July 15, 1911 

Certain modifications of cellulose 
acetate, prepared according to the 
original specifications are soluble in hot 
dilute alcohol, giving clear solutions 
which set on cooling to transparent 
jellies. These solutions with the addi- 


tion of a little castor oil or other’ 


admixtures are suitable for the manu- 
facture of films. 
See also Eng. Pat. 29,979—1911. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Fr. Pat.—432,047 
Issued—July 6, 1911 

Cellulose acetates, insoluble in tet- 

rachlorethane alone but readily soluble 
on addition of alcohol are treated with 
solvents of the class of chlorinated 
derivatives of acetylene, with or with- 
out alcohol or other substances capable 
of replacing it, and with or without 
mannol or camphor substitute. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 80 kg. 
Alcoliol “nasi: rare epost 40 liters 
Tetrachlorethane .......... 40 kg. 


Optional Constituents :—‘Mannol,” pen- 
tachlorethane, trichlorethylene. 
See U.S.P. 1,181,858. 


Dreyfus, H. 

Ist Addition to Fr. Pat. 432,047 
Issued—April 1, 1912 

The cellulose acetate sparingly solu- 
ble in chloroform may be replaced by 
acetates which are soluble in chloro- 
form and at the same time in alcohol 
and chloroform or alcohol and benzene. 


Dreyfus, H. 

2nd Addition to Fr. Pat—432,047 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1913 

The trichlorethanes, particularly the 
isomer boiling at about 115° C., are 
solvents for cellulose esters, especially 
of cellulose acetate, and may be used 
as such either alone or mixed with 


other chlorinated derivatives of acety- 
lene, ethylene, or ethane, or with other 
solvents or camphor substitutes. 


Dreyfus, H. 

Fr. Pat.—432,264 
Issued—Nov. 19, 1912 

In the manufacture of incombustible 
celluloid, the following compounds are 
recommended as camphor substitutes: 
anisol, phenetol, chloranisols, safrol, 
oil of camphor, benzyl alcohol, o- 
dichlorbenzene, chlortoluenes, chlor- 
inated acetophenones, chlorinated 
benzophenones, halogen derivatives of 
camphor. 

See also Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 


Dreyfus, H. 

Ist Addition to Fr. Pat.—432,264 
Issued—Nov. 19, 1912 

In the manufacture of solutions and 
plastic products from cellulose esters, 
it is proposed to use the products of 
the action of salts of phenolates or 
alcoholates upon the chloro derivatives 
of ethylene or acetylene. Mono- or 
poly- phenolic derivatives are used. 
Silicon and boron derivatives of phenols 
are used in preparing plastics. 


Dreyfus, H. 
2nd Addition to Fr. Pat.—432,264 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1913 

Non-inflammable celluloid is pre- 

pared by the use of tetrachlorethane, 
triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phos- 
phate, trinaphthyl phosphate, or chlor- 
inated derivatives of acetylene, ethy- 
lene, or ethane with cellulose acetate. 

Optional Constituents:—Acetyldipheny- 
lamine, formyldiphenylamine; diacetyl 
and diformyl derivatives of aniline, 
toluidine and naphthylamine; phenol, 
or its homologues esterified with the 
halogen derivatives of acetylene, ethy- 
lene, or ethane; chloro- and dichloro- 
camphor, bromocamphor, methyl ace- 
tate, acetone, ethyl acetate, methyl 
alcohol, ethyl alcohol. 


Dreyfus, H. 
3rd Addition to Fr. Pat.—432,264 
Issued—March 4, 1914 
The following substances may be 


—— ae 


i , 
7 ee 


os eal a a Fi Pinte ys 2” SS a Ae 


FRENCH PATENTS 


used as solvents for cellulose esters, 
especially cellulose acetate. Benzyl 
alcohol and its derivatives, diphenyl 
carbinol, pure o- and p- methylaceto- 
phenone, derivatives of acetophenone, 
benzophenone, o- and p- methylaceto- 
phenone, ditolylketone, methoxy- or 
ethoxy- acetophenone, cyclohexanone, 
methyl cyclohexanone, dimethylcyclo- 
hexanone, cyclonaphthanone. Any of 
the previous compounds may be used 
with methyl or ethyl alcohol, or ace- 
tone. 

See U. S. Patent 1,181,859, U. S. 
Patent 1,181,860. 

See British Patent 128,215. 


Dreyfus, H. 

4th Addition to Fr. Pat—432,264 
Issued—June 30, 1914 

Transparent cellulose varnishes are 
prepared by the use of the following 
substances as solvents: triacetin, gly- 
ceryl benzoate, glycol benzoate, methyl 
carbonate, methyl propionate, the 


methyl and ethyl esters of glycollic, : 


lactic, methyl- and_ ethyl-glycollic, 
methyl and ethyl-lactic acids, ethylene 
and benzylidene diacetates, phenyl 
acetate, chloroethylene ester of acetic 
acid, and dihydrobenzoin. 


Dreyfus, H. 
5th Addition to Fr, Pat—432,264 
Issued—June 30, 1914. 

In the manufacture of cellulose ace- 
tate solution the following non-sol- 
vents may be used with the solvents 
mentioned in the parent patent: ben- 
zene, toluene, xylene. To cut down 
_the amount of these required, acetone, 
methyl, and ethyl acetates may be used. 
The following additional solvents are 
mentioned: acetophenone, ethyl aceto- 
acetate, methyl orthoformate, acetyl- 
carbinol, diacetone alcohol, acetyl- 
acetone, and ethyl laevulate. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Fr. Pat.—432,264 
_ Addn. to 20,264 
Issued—June 7, 1917 
50-150% of a softening agent based 
on wt. of cellulose ester used, is 


207 


added to solution of cellulose acetate 
or other cellulose esters. 
See also Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 


Lederer, L. 
Fr. Pat.—432,388 
Issued—1910 
Tetrachlorethane is a solvent for 
acetyl cellulose. 


Hewitt, P. C. 
Filed—July 22, 1911 
F.P.—432,483 
Issued—Oct. 5, 1911 
A varnish used for transforming rays 
of light. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 70 parts 
CSIVGRPINIGT She fen oh ie mics aoe 10 parts 
PROD UIEEACIC ee Gris Cate wiaw hs 20 parts 
AGCLONE A ee oad eee wee 12 parts 


Fluorescent dye 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, gums. 
See also Eng. Pat. 16,271—1911. 


Hart, A. M. 
Fr. Pat. —433,012 
Issued—Aug. 5, 1911 
See English Patent 18,607 of 1910. 
See also U.S.P. 1,131,929. 


Rowland, A. M. 
Filed—Aug. 5, 1911 
Fr. Pat.—433,013 
Issued—Oct. 17, 1911 
Tissues are made impermeable by 
the use of a solution composed of: 


Nitrocellulose’ oooh vee de 450 gms. 
Fitheres. ol? Sk Jab tetnerenes 450 gms 
Wethungieey s.3, ¢ caseaaie 4540 gms 
Oilvotas baeraten ie ase ow 420 gms 
Sodium tungstate ......... 20 gms 
Coloring matteri... ieee: 450 gms 


See also U.S.P. 1,131,929. 


Pommier, P. F. 
Fr. Pat.—435,417 
Celluloid is dipped into acetic acid 
or acetone containing a terpene prod- 
uct, such as terpentine oil, in order to 
obtain a vitreous celluloid. 


Medveczky, S. De 
Fr. Pat.— 436,245 
Issued—Oct. 26, 1911 


208 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


See German Patent 239,773, of 1910. 
See Swiss Patent 58,686. 
See British Patent 27,283 of 1911. 


Ichenhduser, E. 
Fr. Pat.— 436,538 
Issued—Nov. 18, 1911 
Plastic masses are obtained from a 
solution of cellulose acetate in acetone. 


Young, Y. & Minuto, J. 

Fr. Pat.—436,900 
Issued—1911 

Non-inflammable films of cellulose 
acetate are obtained by warming cel- 
lulose acetate with 3% of strong borax 
solution, dried and again dissolved in 
tetrachlorethane. 


Clarao.cl..V 
Fr. Pat.—439,648 
Issued—April 13, 1911 
Addition of metallic resinoleates to 
collodion renders it non-inflammable 
without impairing its value for the 
production of celluloid. 


Duclaux, J. 

Fr. Pat.—439,721 
Issued—Feb. 5, 1912 

Methyl] and ethyl formate are valu- 
able as solvents of nitrocellulose and 
their solvent properties are not ma- 
terially reduced if an equal weight of 
methyl or ethyl alcohol be added to 
them. 

See also Eng. Pat. 2,465—1913. 


Koller, G. 
Fr, Pat— 440,143 
Issued—1911 
Trichlorethylene or perchlorethylene 
added to mono or polyphenols are sol- 
vents for acetyl cellulose. 
See Aust. Patent 59,580. 
See also Eng. Pat. 4,744—1911. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 

Fr. Pat.—440,733 
Issued—Feb. 28, 1912 

Esters of cyclohexanol or hexapent- 
anol, or of their homologues or deriva- 
tives, are employed as solvents for 
celluloid or cellulose esters for the 
preparation of varnishes. 

See also Eng. Pat. 7,292—1912. 


Comp, Franc, Du Celluloid 


Fr, Pat.—440,955 
Issued—May 15, 1911 
A composition as given below. 


Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Glyceryl (mono, di, or tri) 
acetate: (.s.ge eee 45 parts 
Triphenyl phosphate ...... 20 parts 
Acetone ..ie¢eeenee oh eee 80 parts 
Alcohol 3... 32732 e ae 30 parts 
Magnesium chloride ...... 7 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 


phate. 


Cattaert, P. A. 


Fr, Pat.—441,146 
Issued—May 18, 1911 

A cellulose film is immersed in a 
benzene solution of acetic anhydride 
or acetyl chloride with a small quan- 
tity of sulfuric acid and containing a 
cellulose ester (e.g. acetate); the ben- 
zene may be replaced by other suitable 
solvents. The film is thus allowed to 
take up a certain portion of cellulose 
ester and is then washed in benzene, 
alcohol, ethyl acetate, acetone or amyl 
acetate. It is then covered with a thin 
layer of celluloid or cellulose acetate, 
alone or mixed with a small quantity 
of cellulose nitrate and dried. An im- 
permeable film is thus obtained. The 
cellulose film may also be impregnated 
with phenol or phenolic products and 
then treating with a solution of for- 
maldehyde. 


Danzer, H. 


Fr. Pat.—443,031 
The ether oxides of glycerine are in- 
corporated with cellulose esters in the 
manufacture of moving picture films. 
See English Patent 13,239 of 1912. 


Nottelle, L. E. & Heraud, R. E. E. 


Filed—Sept. 9, 1911 
F.P.— 445,638 
Issued—Sept. 10, 1912 

Cellulose ethers may be dissolved in 
a mixture composed of ethyl ether, 
amyl acetic ether, ethyl acetic ether, 
etc., with acetones, hydrocarbons, alka- 
line or acid solutions. 


Optional Constituents: :—Resins, gums, 


oils. 


FRENCH PATENTS 


Leduc, Heitz Et Cie 

French Patent—446,627 
Issued—June 29, 1912 

Fabrics filled with a film of cellulose 
acetate are protected by the applica- 
tion of one or two coats of linseed or 
poppy oil varnish in combination with 
opaque pigments of any desired color. 


Beatty, W. A. 
Fr, Pat—447,645 
Issued—Aug. 26, 1912 
See British Patent 18,822—1912. 
A film prepared from the composi- 
tion given below: 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose............: 80 parts 
Symmetrical dihydroxydi- 
phenyldimethylmethane .. 20 parts 


Amyl acetate 
Optional Constituents:—Cellulose ace- 
tate, acetone, alcohol. 


Pontacq, P. 
Fr. Pat.—447,654 
Issued—Aug. 27, 1912 
Manufacture of glue for leather, etc., 
by dissolving celluloid in acetone, alco- 
hol, ete. (1:6 up to 1:2). 


Crepy, R. 
Fr. Pat—448,808 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1912 
In the manufacture of artificial 
leather, use is made of a solution of 
nitrocellulose in alcohol-glacial acetic 
acid or in alcohol-acetone. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Company 

Fr. Pat.—449,606 
Issued—October 19, 1912 

A colloidal substance is produced by 
the combination of nitrocellulose with 
an alcohol aldehyde which is pref- 
erably non-volatile and capable of 
polymerizing, as an acetaldol. 

See U.S.P. 1,082,573. 

See Eng. Pat. 122,623—1912. 

See Swiss Pat. 63,136. 

See D.R.P. 292,951. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Co. 
Fr. Pat.—449,607 
Issued—Oct. 19, 1912 
Useful solutions of carbon com- 


209 


pounds such as nitrates of carbo- 
hydrates and pyroxylin can be ob- 
tained by taking an alcohol aldehyde 
such as acetaldol as solvent. 


Desvaux, L. 
Fr. Pat.—450,746 
Issued—Jan. 25, 1912 
Non-combustible plastic mass. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate ..........:. 50 kg. 
Coal tar creosote ............ 10 kg. 
Ethyl pentachloride ......... 25 ke. 
Alcohol uivdces eles eked 25 kg. 
Gelatin softened with glacial 

SCOUCLACIG Rees ie eee 12.5 kg 


Soc. Anon. Le Camphre 
Fr. Pat.—452,432 
Issued—March 6, 1912 
In the manufacture of plastic prod- 
ucts and non-combustible films, the 
camphor-halogen compounds play the 
same plastic making réle towards the 
cellulose esters (acetates) as does 
camphor toward nitrocellulose. The 
use of phenols and phenol derivatives 
also is advantageous. Acetone, methyl 
acetate, and tetrachlorethane may be 
used as solvents. 


Dannhauser, E. 
Fr. Pat— 452,727 
Issued—March 15, 1912 
In metallizing yarns, use is made of 
a collodion amyl acetate (6%) solu- 
tion. 


Ago Lederkitt Ind. Ges. 

Fr. Pat. 454,379 
Issued—Feb. 15, 1913 

A liquid glue for leather. To pro- 
duce high concentration celluloid solu- 
tions of suitable fluidity, acetone, 
celluloid and oxalic acid are stirred in 
autoclave. Tartaric acid, citric acid 
and other solid organic acids may also 
be used to reduce the viscosity of the 
solution. 


Eichengrun, A. 
French Pat.—455,811 
Issued—March 22, 1913 
In order to render fabrics combus- 
tible with difficulty the material is 


210 


treated simultaneously or successively 
with substances which diminish its 
combustibility and with solutions of 
esters of cellulose with fatty acids, 
preferably mixed with softening ma- 
terials which are non-inflammable, or 
which diminish the combustibility such 
as zinc chloride, boric acid, etc. 

See also Eng. Pat. 7,418—1913 and 
Eng. Pat. 7,899—1914. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Fr. Pat.—456,261 
Issued—April 2, 1913 
See English Patent 28,210 of 1912. 
See also U.S.P. 1,217,123. 
Filed—June 25, 1912 
F.P.—456,729 
Issued—June 26, 1913 
A composition for rendering lnen 
impermeable. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .......... 40 ‘parts 
Tetrachlorethane ......... 780 parts 
Trichlorethylene .....-.... 170 parts 
AleonGl aie). aatiere te aaa es 50 parts 
LANG AOTIG catches Rhvats octets 50 parts 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik. 
Fr. Pat.—459,006 
Issued—May 5, 1915 
See English Patent 23,544 of 1912. 
See U.S.P. 1,166,790, and 
See also D.R.P. 263,404. 


Mendess, J. 

Fr. Pat.—459,048 
Issued—June 10, 1913 

Velvet, plush or upholstering is ren- 
dered dustproof by treating the reverse 
side first with dilute alkali or acid 
depending upon the nature of the ma- 
terial), and then with a waterproof 
coating, such as a mixture of collodion, 
oil, and camphor. 


Nathan, F. L., Rintoul, W. & Baker, F. 
Filed—May 30, 1913 
F.P.—459,539 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1913 
See U.S.P. 1,090,643. 
See also Swiss Pat. 65,459. 


Nathan, F. L., Rintoul, W. & Baker, F. 
Filed—May 30, 1913 
F.P.—459,540 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Issued—Sept. 8, 1913 
See U.S.P. 1,090,644. 
See also Swiss Pat. 65,138. 


Nathan, F. L., Rintoul, W. & Baker, F. 
Filed—May 30, 1913 
F.P.—459,541 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1913 
See U.S.P. 1,090,641. 
See also Swiss Pat. 65,925. 


Nathan, F. L., Rintoul, W. & Baker, F. 
Filed—May 30, 1913 
FP. —459,542 
Issued—Sept. 8, 1913 
See U.S.P. 1,009,642. _ 
See also Swiss Pat. 65,139. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
French Pat.—459,972 
Issued—March 11, 1913 

In the manufacture of plastic prod- 

ucts, films, etc., water-soluble cellulose 
esters are combined with water in- 
soluble esters and the solvent for the 
latter, with the addition of colloids, 
resins, etc. 


Akt.-Ges. fur Anilin Fabrikation 

Fr. Pat.—461,034 
Issued—Aug. 1, 1913 

In a process of manufacture non- 
combustible cellulose solutions, espe- 
cially applicable in the preparation of 
varnishes, a suitable ethylene chloride 
or ethane chloride is added to a con- 
centrated cellulose nitrate solution in 
acetone or amyl acetate. 


Act.-Ges. F. Anilin Fabr., Clement, L. & 
Riviere, C, 
Fr. Pat —461,058 
Issued—1913 
See U. S. Patent 1,173,931. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Fr. Pat.—461,544 
Issued—June 2, 1913 
In the manufacture of films from 
cellulose esters, mono and diglyceryl 
esters of the aromatic carboxylic acids, 
such as benzoic acid, naphthoic acid, 
and their nucleus substitution products, 
are good solvents for cellulose acetate, 
as well as camphor substitutes in cel- 


ee Se ee 


FRENCH PATENTS 211 


luloid manufacture. The esters are 
combined with the cellulose esters in 
acetone or chloroform solution. 


Charuel, Y. 
Fr. Pat —463,156 
Issued—Oct. 2, 1913 
A composition consisting of cellu- 
lose acetate, acetone and refined paper 


pulp. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ........... 4-25% 
ee eo cl chs ek ce 60-95% 
bie) gure A ae pl 1.5— 5% 


Optional Constitwents:—Resin, shellac, 
asbestos. 


Act.-Ges. fur Anilin-Fabrikation 
F.R.—463,622 
Issued—Oct. 14, 1913 

Imitation rubber is prepared by mix- 
ing with cellulose acetate a substance 
of low volatility capable of conferring 
plasticity upon the mass. Reclaimed 
rubber may be included with the cellu- 
lose compound. 

Optional Constitwents:—Nitroacetyl cel- 
lulose, cellulose acetate, methyl 
phthalate, acetone, amyl alcohol, 
triacetin, benzine. 


Chem. Worke Vorm. H. Byk 
Fr. Pat— 464,617 
Issued—Nov. 8, 1912 

Esters of lactic acid, specially ethyl 

lactate, are used as solvents for nitro- 
cellulose and other cellulose esters such 
as the acetate and formate. Such 
solutions may be diluted with liquid 
hydrocarbons, specially those of the 
aromatic series, halogen derivatives 
thereof, ethers, acetone, alcohols and 
mixtures of these solvents. 

Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ....... 10 parts wt. 


Woruyitectdte .iesn ss. 50 parts vol. 
INGRVONG 3. cmk ec. sess ee 30 parts vol. 
Optional Constituents:—Trichlorethy- 


lene, alcohol. 


Helbronner, A. & Criquebeuf, G. E. 
Fr, Pat.—464,646 
Issued—Jan. 18, 1913 
A liquid composed of 65-75% methyl 
acetate; the remainder being chiefly 
acetone and methyl alcohol, is a sol- 
vent for cellulose esters. 


Soc. An. Nouv. L’Oyonnithe 

Fr. Pat.—465,345 
Issued—Nov. 26, 1913 

Extra supple masses of a basis of 
nitrocellulose or cellulose acetate are 
made by incorporating with the usual 
solvents a very high proportion (50- 
70% by wt.) of castor oil, “manol,” 
acetin, etc., with or without pigments 
or metals. 


A, Finkler & Co. 
Fr. Pat.—466,911 
Issued—Nov. 138, 1913 
Porous walls are coated with a solu- 
tion of celluloid in wood Alcohol or 
pyroligneous acid, wood tar, colo- 
phonium and manganese siccative. 


Strauss, R. 
Filed—Jan. 28, 1914 
F.P.—467,800 
Issued—April 6, 1914 
A furniture varnish of the composi- 
tion indicated below. 
Type Formula: 


Gel ord rere ee Toke 25 parts 
Acetoneis rset nite: Sot 110 parts 
Alcona peak e a ak eae, ¢ 890 parts 


A. Finkler & Co. 

Filed—March 20, 1914 
F.P.—469,872 
Issued—May 30, 1914 

A metallic paint consisting of an 
intimate mixture of zine white, lead 
white and aluminium powder added to 
a solution of celluloid in acetone. 


Lehmann, F. 
Fr. Pat.—469,925 
Issued—March 21, 1914 

See U. S. Patent 1,191,801. 

Cellulose esters are incorporated by 
the aid of solvents with coumarone 
resin consisting of the resinous prod- 
ucts formed by the polymerization of 
coumarone and indene in the refining 
of coal tar oils. 

Type Formula: 


Coumarone xesinyo. tees 200 g 
Fother sacs oy MOROE EE BAT Reds 100 g 
Aleoholie. Gio. poe 100 g 
Benzehests . seciieees . eee ee COOKS 
Nitrocellulose 


212 


Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
Filed—March 25, 1914 
F’.P.—470,041 
Issued—June 6, 1914 
See US.P. 1,338,691, E.P. 4,940—1914. 


Nobel’s Explosives Co. 
Filed—March 25, 1914 
Fr. Pat —470,042 
Issued—June 6, 1914 
Nitrocellulose gelatinizers and stabil- 
izers used in the manufacture of ex- 
plosives. 

Optional Constitwents:—Phenyl ureth- 
ane, ethyl phenyl urethane, diphenyl 
urethane, o-tolyl urethane, ethyl o- 
tolyl urethane, phenyl esters of ethyl 
phenyl carbamic acid, methyl phenyl 
urea, ethyl phenyl urea, methyl di- 
phenyl urea, formanilid, methyl for- 
manilid, ethyl formanilid, phenyl 
formanilid, ethyl and pheny!] acetanilid, 
form-o-toluidid, form-p-toluidid, phen- 
ylacetyl-B-naphthalid, ethyl-acetyl-B- 
naphthalid, acetyl-o-anisidid, acetyl-o- 
phenitidid. 

See also U.S.P. 1,090,641, 1,090,642, 
1,090,643, 1,090,644, 1,280,278. 


Bell, J. B. & Vollin, H. 
Filed—June 6, 1913 
F.P.—470,092 
Issued—June 8, 1914 
A celluloid lacquer suitable for coat- 
ing metals, especially aluminium, The 
metal is first cleaned with sodium car- 
bonate solution and then coated with 
a lacquer composed of equal portions 
of the two solutions given below. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid: 3. 446.4 ok eee 20% 
90% ethyl alcohol ...........-. 40% 
Acetoties¢. sal one. eee 40% 
B 
Ethers Porc ees eee 50% 
90% ethyl alcohol saturated 
with dicyanimide ........... 50% 


Schrager, C. & Lance, R. D. 
Fr. Pat —470,726 
Issued—June 21, 1913 
The product consists of mixtures of 
one or more resinates, insoluble in 
water, and one or more glyceryl] esters, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


which when incorporated with a cellu- 
lose ester, gives a plastic composition 
the properties of which can be varied 
according to the proportions and 
nature of the resinate employed. 

Type Formula: 


ROSIN: « sd.sty alse ee 170 grs. 

Benzene « .sc0a cence pee 500 c.c. 

ZANC OXiGE : i459 ee 17 grs. 

Aluminum oid644.3..5.00 3 grs. 

Triacetin’ 45 2h2.e eee eee 30 grs. 
Lehmann, F. 


Fr. Pat.—471,104 
Issued—April 18, 1914 

Cellulose esters are dissolved in ap- 
propriate solvents containing a solu- 
tion of coumarone resin and the mix- 
ture is diluted with alcohol, benzene, 
petroleum spirit, etc. 

See U.S. Patent 1,185,514. 

See U.S. Patent 1,191,891. 

See D.R.P. 281,265. 


Meunier, G. 
Filed—April 8, 1913 
F .P.—472,423 
Issued—May 8, 1914 
Furfural is recommended as a sol- 
vent for nitrocellulose, celluloid, gums 
or resins for use in lacquers. The fur- 
fural may be used in conjunction with 
any of the materials listed below. 
Optional Constituents:—Ethyl alcohol, 
methyl alcohol, amyl alcohol, ethyl 
acetate, methyl acetate, amyl acetate, 
ethyl formate, methyl formate, amyl 
formate, acetone, benzol, toluol, acetic 
acid, formic acid, or spirits of turpen- 
tine. 


Meunier, G. 

Add. No. 23,822 
F.P.—472,423 
Issued—Dec. 30, 1921 

Cellulose acetate is dissolved in fur- 
fural, which acts at the same time as 
a gelatinizing agent. Alcohol or ace- 
tone may be used with the furfural. 


Chem. Fabrik Griesheim Elektron 
Filed—June 25, 1914 
F.P.—474,086 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1914 
The use of polymerization products 


FRENCH PATENTS 213 


of the halogen vinyl compounds, or of 
the organic vinylique ethers with cel- 
lulose esters for preparing lacquers, is 
recommended. 


Pathe Freres 

Fr. Pat—475,351 
Issued—Feb. 11, 1914 

Cinematograph films of cellulose 
acetate are made impervious to water 
and atmospheric condition by the 
addition of isoprene, or homologous or 
analogous substances of high boiling 
point. 


Plinatus, W. 
Fr. Pat. 476,991 
Issued—March 27, 1914 
See British Patent 16,940 of 1913. 


Matray, J. 
Fr. Pat —477,294 
Issued—June 9, 1914 
Adhesives from cellulose esters for 
sticking glass to glass, or other pur- 


poses. 

Type Formula: 
Dirotelitiioge §../......... 10 parts 
Armayl acetate bie. s... 100 parts 
RPUIMRIOTON cesta iss WHE a we so 10 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, ven- . 


ice turpentine, tetrachlorethane, cellu- 
lose acetate. 


Clement, L. & Riviere, C. 
Fr, Pat.—479,387 
Issued—March 17, 1916 

With the cellulose acetate is incor- 

porated ethyl or methyl acetoacetate 
or a mixture of these compounds, to 
prevent surface roughing, these liquids 
of moderate volatility, soluble in cel- 
lulose acetate and practically insoluble 
in water and therefore effective in pre- 
serving the gloss of the finish. 


The Celluloid Co. 
Fr. Pat.—482,239 
Issued—March 6, 1917 
A material suitable for photograph 
films formed by combining acetyl cel- 
lulose and a non-inflammable material 
such as triphenyl phosphate, in a sol- 
vent common to both, such as a 
chlorinated hydrocarbon and a mono- 


hydroxy aliphatic alcohol such as fusel 
oil. 


Gaisenband, B. & Piestrak, G. S. 

Fr, Pat.—483,316 
Issued—June 26, 1917 

A resin extract, from which have 
been removed the acid products, the 
aldehydes, and the light hydrocarbons 
such as amylene and hexylene, is 
added in varying proportions to a 
solution of a cellulose ester in a sol- 
vent such as tetrachlorethane in the 
presence of alcohol, pentachlorethane, 
ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, or 
dichlorethane, chloroform and_ the 
mono and polyhalogen derivatives of 
toluene and naphthalene, the bromine 
derivatives of benzol and the nitrogen 
dioxide derivatives of benzol, toluene, 
naphthalene, etc. 


Jaillard, B. 

Filed—Oct. 13, 1917 
F.P.—487,350 
Issued—April 4, 1918 

Esters of formic acid, in particular, 
ethyl formate, are recommended as sol- 
vents and plasticizers for cellulose 
acetate. Other solvents and materials 
may be included, if desired. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours Co. 
Filed—Feb. 21, 1918 
F.P.—488,994 
Issued—Aug. 12, 1918 

See U.S.P. 1,266,073. 


Grolea, J. & Levy, W. 
French Pat.—489,037 
N-butyl tartrate and iso-butyl tar- 
trate are recommended for use in 
preparation of cellulose acetate lac- 
quer. 


Palewski and Morin Co. 
Filed—Dec. 28, 1915 
F.P.—491,490 
Issued—Feb. 5, 1919 
A solvent for cellulose esters com- 
prising a mixture of creosote and fur- 
fural. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ......... 
Avetonei aes wails dikes dae 500 gms. 


214 

Type Formula—Continued: 
Tithivl! aloohal aici ve. woe dew 250 gms 
CAPOOROLQUE Los ante we ace hat oes 25 gms 
Forfaral’. 0350 eevee 25 gms 


Soc. Nauton Freres & De Marsac & 
T. F. Tesse 
Filed—Feb. 7, 1918 
F.P.—495,000 
Issued—June 14, 1919 

An aeroplane dope composed of the 

oxides or hydroxides of the earthy 
metals and more particularly alu- 
minium hydroxide, the oxide or 
hydroxide of magnesium, or silica, to- 
gether with cellulose acetate, methyl 


acetate, acetone, benzyl alcohol, 
acetoacetic ether, eugenol and _iso- 
eugenol. 

See also USP. 1,426,521, EP. 


124,763, E.P. 131,369, E.P. 158,521. 


Warcharisky, M. 

Filed—Jan. 23, 1919 
F.P.—495,021 
Issued—June 14, 1919 

Condensation products of phenols 
and aldehydes alone or mixed with 
such substances as caoutchouc, gums, 
resins, nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, 
coloring material, etc., dissolved in the 
usual solvents may be used as a var- 
nish. 


British Emaillite Co. 
Filed—April 18, 1917 
French Pat.—498,949 
Issued—Nov. 5, 1919 
See also Eng. Pat. 124,515—1916. 


Ward, J. G. 
Filed—July 19, 1918 
F.P.—499,703 
Issued Feb. 21, 1920 
See E.P. 129,033—1917. 


D. M. Sutherland & Co. 

Filed—Aug. 24, 1918 

F.P.—499,868 

Issued—Dec. 1, 1919 

A cellulose ester or celluloid lacquer 

containing benzol borate. 
Type Formula: 

Cellulose acetate .......... 

Acetone or other equiv. sol- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Type Formula—Continued: 


vents °i..v Wane ioe eee 44 parts 
Benzol ¢ 5.3) 2 ee eee 24 parts 
Benzol borate .3si.seeren 24 parts 
Benzy] alcohol <272% 7 eee 2 parts 
Optional Constituents :—See EP. 


131,082—1918. 


Soc. Nauton Freres et de Marsac & T. 
F. Tesse 
Fr. Pat —499,993 
Acetyl cellulose solution is made 
with 3-7% eugenol, isoeugenol, butyl 
phenol, etc., added to other solvents. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Filed—July 16, 1919 
F.P.—501,700 
Issued—Feb, 2, 1920 

See U.S.P. 1,363,763. 


Clement, L. & Riviere, C. 
Fr. Pat.—504,347 
Acetyl cellulose is dissolved in syn- 
thetic resins (phenol formaldehyde 
condensation products) in alcoholic 
solution. 


Clement, L. & Riviere, C. 
Fr. Pat.—505,073 
Organic cellulose esters are dissolved 
in acetone which has previously been 
treated with a dehydrating agent 
(burnt lime). 


Clement, L. & Riviere, C. 
Fr. Pat.—505,087 
Substitution products of phenyl urea 
such as dimethyl phenyl] tolyl urea, are 
used as solvents for cellulose esters. 


Carlsson, O. & Thall, E. 
Filed—Oct. 25, 1919 
F.P.—505,438 
Issued—May 6, 1920 
See U.S.P. 1,375,208, E.P. 136,141. 


Hesse, T. F. & Jaloustre, L. A. 

Filed—Feb. 8, 1919 
F.P.—508,975 
Issued—Aug. 6, 1920 

A varnish comprising a solution of 
a cellulose ester and the condensation 
product of aldehyde with ketones or 
phenols or mixtures of the two. 


FRENCH PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Cellulosetacetate. io. oe...0..... 4% 

Condensation product (see 
Bape ON ee oak ok oc was s 32% 

SREYER OE I as 64% 


Cellon, Ltd., Thomas Tyrer & Co. & 
T. Tucker 
Fr. Pat.—510,535 
Cellulose acetate is dissolved in 
cyclohexanon or other cyclo ketones, 
as cyclopentanon or its substitute 
products. 


Goissedet, P. E. C. & Guinot, H. M. E. 
Fr. Pat.—512,850 
Furfuryl alcohol is a solvent for cel- 
lulose esters. 


Sivet, D. 
Filed—Jan. 26, 1920 
F.P.—517,356 
Issued—Dec. 17, 1920 
A varnish prepared by submitting 
resin, copal or cellulose compounds to 
the combined action of one or several 
hydrocarbons of the aromatic series. 
Type Formula: 


Camphorated nitrocellulose 25 parts 

‘Tolwene ..iPes. 3 parts 

PEOHOS sas)» « x < 4 parts eae 

RSNA OTS TERI Piven» dicta: «\s-0 25 parts 

Paths ade, che ois: 's agako0s 4 50 parts 
Sivet, D. 


Filed—June 1, 1920 
Add. No. 23,472 to F.P.—517,356 
Issued—Noy. 30, 1921 

Cellulose acetate, resins, etc., are 
dissolved in equal parts of benzene, 
carbon tetrachloride, alcohol, and 
glacial acetic acid. 


Bonwitt, G. 
Filed—Sept. 12, 1919 
F.P.—519,536 
Issued—Jan. 26, 1921 
See E.P. 138,078, D.R.P. 331,285. 


Feldmann, H. 
. Filed—July 10, 1920 
F.P.—520,404 
Issued—Feb. 14, 1921 
A dope or lacquer of the composition 
indicated below. 


215 


Type Formula: 


Celuloiiiern; ae 64. teio mk © kilograms 
Amyl acetate ......... 1.0 kilograms 
Benzo tec wivcoc ease wel 5.0 liters 

W hitez leads: saat 3.0 kilograms 


Coloring matter 


Lilienfeld, L. 

Filed—July 23, 1920 
F.P.—521,000 
Issued—Feb. 25, 1921 

The alkyl or aralkyl ethers of cel- 
lulose are recommended for use in the 
preparation of plastic masses or lac- 
quers. 


Dreyfus, C. 
Filed—April 30, 1919 
F.P.—521,476 
Issued—March 5, 1921 
A non-inflammable varnish is ob- 
tained by dissolving cellulose acetate 
in the composition given below. 
Type Formula: 


Methyl acetate ............ 30-70% 
AACUUO one cares ta Cee ene 10-30% 
Benzing oe ee ee ee 10-30% 
iTrintetiniic, etree ee ee 2- 6% 
Triphenyl phosphate ....... 1— 3% 


Optional Constituents:—Tricresyl phos- 
phate. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Filed—July 29, 1920 
F.P.—521,370 
Issued—March 5, 1921 
See U.S.P. 1,501,206, E.P. 154,334. 


Duclaux, J. 
Filed—Feb, 1, 1921 
F.P.—530,440 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1921 

See E.P.—184,197. 


Piestrak, C. S. 

Filed—Jan. 22, 1918 
F.P.—535,466 
Issued—April 15, 1922 

In the preparation of plastic masses 
from cellulose esters a lactic acid ester 
or an acid or neutral ester of oxalic 
acid is added to a solution of nitro- 
cellulose or cellulose acetate, as a plas- 
ticizing agent. 


216 


Pouteaux, A. P. H. 
Filed—Feb. 16, 1921 
F.P.—541,643 
Issued—July 27, 1922 

Glycerol, glycol, benzyl, etc., esters 

of salicylic acid and their substitution 
products are used with cellulose nitrate, 
or cellulose acetate in the preparation 
of plastic masses. 


Clancy, J. C. 
Assigned to Nitrogen Corporation 
Filed—July 1, 1922 
F.P.—553,547 
Issued—May 25, 1923 

See U.S.P. 1,439,293, E.P. 190,694. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Filed—Feb. 12, 1923 
F.P.—562,056 
Issued—Nov. 3, 1923 
Trichlor-tertiary-butyl alcohol is 
recommended as a solvent or plastic- 
izer in the preparation of lacquers or 
plastic masses from cellulose acetate. 
Other solvents or plasticizers like ace- 
tone or triarylphosphate may be also 
included if desired. 
See also E.P. 205,195. 


Leysieffer, G. 
Filed—Feb. 22, 1923 
F.P —562,667 
Issued—Dec. 6, 1923 

See E.P. 206,770. 


Martin, C. M. F. 

Filed—Feb. 27, 1923 
French Pat.—573,701 
Issued—June 28, 1924 

In the preparation of plastic masses 
from cellulose acétate a mixture of a 
phenol with an aromatic sulfamid, 
such as p-toluolsulfamid, is used as a 
plasticizing agent. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
French Pat.—580,882 
Issued—April 29, 1924 
See also U.S.P. 1,493,209, English 
Patent 230,663. 


Lindsay, W. G. 
Filed—April 29, 1924 
French Pat.—580,883 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Issued—Nov. 18, 1924. 
See Eng. Pat. 233,874. 


Plinatus, W. 
French Patent—581,177 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1924 
Nitrocellulose is gelatinized by the 
aid of the organic or inorganic esters 
of acids with polyvalent alcohols, e.g. 
the esters of phosphoric, naphthenic, 
phthalic, acetic, butylic acids, etc. 
See also Swiss Patent 95,376. 


Plinatus, W. 
Filed—September 22, 1924 — 
French Pat.—581,190 
Esters of glycerine and oils or nat- 
ural fatty bodies are recommended for 
use as plasticizing agents in nitrocellu- 
lose compositions. 


Plinatus, W. 
Filed—August 14, 1923 
French Pat.—581,651 
Cellulose nitrate or acetate is gelat- 
inized by mixing with an emulsion of 
glycerine esters of organic acids in 
water. 


Plinatus, W. 
Filed—December 3, 1924 

French Pat.—581,653 

Nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, ete. 

may be dissolved in a liquid solvent 
by the addition of esters of the poly- 
valent alcohols. The composition 
thereby obtained may be used for 
coating metal, wood, paper, etc. 


Martin, M. E. 
French Pat.—587,133 
A cellulose acetate plasticizer is ob- 
tained by treating phenol or cresol 
with an equal weight of an aromatic 
sulfamid, e.g. paratoluol-sulfamid, and 
trioxymethylene. 


Bregeat, J. H. 
Filed—February 5, 1925 
French Pat.—587,486 

See Eng. Pat.—226,142. 


Soc. Chim. des Usines du Rhone 
Filed—February 7, 1924 
French Pat.—589,732 
Issued—February 27, 1925 : 


eR 


FRENCH PATENTS 217 


A plasticizer for cellulose ester or 
ether compositions is obtained in the 
form of the condensation product of a 
ketone and a polyalcohol, e.g., acetone- 
glycerine, cyclohexanone-glycerine, etc. 


‘ Pfiffner, E. 


Eschinglek, M. 
Filed—March 14, 1925 
French Pat.—595,155 

See Eng. Pat—231,161. 


Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corpo- 
ration 
Filed—April 16, 1925 
French Pat.—596,838 
See Eng. Pat.—238,485. 


Soc. Pathe Cinema 
Filed—August 4, 1924 
French Pat.—597,132 

See Eng. Pat.—237,900. 


Given, G. C., Shipley, S. D. 
Assigned to Atlas Powder Co. 
French Pat.—600,178 
Filed—June 22, 1925 

See U.S.P. 1,533,616. 
Can. Pat.—262,784. 


Clement, L. E. 
Assigned to Soc. Pathe Cinema 
French Pat.—601,546 
Filed—October 30, 1924 
See Can. Pat.—259,662. 


Clement, L. E. 
Assigned to Soc. Pathe Cinema 
French Pat.—601,547 
Filed—October 30, 1924 
See Can. Pat—201,371. 


Parodi-Delfino, L. 
Filed—October 28, 1925 
French Pat.—605,085 
Issued—May 19, 1926 

See U.S.P.—1,609,303. 


Soc. Pathe Cinema 

Filed—March 3, 1925 
French Pat.—606,969 

Phosphoric acid esters containing one 
or more aliphatic radicals, such as di- 
phenylmethyl-, diphenylethyl-, phenyl- 
dimethyl-,and phenyldiethyl-phosphate 
are used as solvents and inflammability 
reducers in the production of plastics 
from cellulose derivatives. 


Girard, A. E, P. 
Roumazeilles, M. J. P. 
Filed—June 16, 1925 
French Pat.—611,899 
A lacquer suitable for coating fibers. 
Type Formula: 


Cellulose acetate .. 8-10% or 10-15% 
Methyl acetate ... 20-30% or 20-25% 
Benwene. oseneaus. 5 15-20% or 10-15% 
Plasticizer .......% 15-20% or 15-20% 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone. 


GERMAN PATENTS 


Parks, H. 
D.R.P.—10,210 
Celluloid is dissolved in solvents of 
camphor in various media (carbon 
tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, sul- 
furous acid, benzene, turpentine). 
Nitrocellulose is treated with alco- 
hol, ether or other liquid solvents and 
then heated and subjected to pressure. 
Optional Constituents:—Rubber, resins, 
pigments, metal bronzes, shellac, castor 
oil. 


Mayer, J. 
D.R.P—12,778 
A tough lacquer resistant to atmos- 
pheric influences is obtained by adding 
ethereal oils (melissic spirits, lavender 
oil, carnation oil, etc.), to collodion. 


D.R.P.—13,905 
Camphor is partially substituted by 
casein and metal oxides. 


Tscheuschner, E. 
D.R.P.—14,625 
A quick-drying lacquer of great 
luster is obtained by adding boric acid 
to collodion. 


Messer, A. 

D.R.P.—17,089 

A wood lacquer is obtained by mix- 
ing an alcoholic shellac solution with 
a solution of collodion in alcohol-ether 
and camphor, and adding an oil con- 
sisting of camphor, rosemary and 
linseed oil. 

A dilute solution of benzene in alco- 
hol is used for polishing. 


Farbwerke, Bayer 
D.R.P.—18,537 
Issued—1901 
Warm alcohol is a solvent for cer- 
tain cellulose acetates. 
See French Patent 317,007 of 1901 
and add’n No. 14,425. 


Comp. Gen. de. Chromolithie 
Applied—July 21, 1883 
D.R.P.—27,031 
Issued—April 16, 1884 

This invention relates to varnishes 

prepared from _ ordinary celluloid, 
which is first swollen with alcohol and 
ether. 

Type Formula: 


Swollen celluloid ..... 1 kilo 
Ethyl acetate ......... 2 kilos 
Ether: i333. 24252 0.25 kilo 
Ricinoleic acid ....... 0.05-0.10 kilo 
Terpineol (yeiner eee 0.15-0.25 kilo 
Denatured alcohol .... 75 liters 
‘ Amyl acetate ......... 01 kilo 
Concentrated acetic 
ACIG ss Coe ee 02 kilo 


Wilson, Wm. V. 
Applied—Jan. 12, 1884 
D.R.P.—28,972 
Issued—Sept. 4, 1884 
A mixture of wood tar (200 parts) 
and nitrocellulose (100 parts) forms an 
electric insulating composition. 


Gerard, M. P. E. 
D.R.P.—40,373 
Glacial acetic acid solution of gela- 
tine and trinitro-cellulose are mixed 
with the addition of calcium chloride, 
glycerin, gluten, honey, and fats or 
gum lacs. 


Guetler, H. 
D.R.P.—56,946 
Camphor substitutes: Nitro-hydro- 
carbons of cellulose are melted to- 
gether with solid derivatives of hydro- 


carbons (dinitro benzene,  dinitro 
phenol). 

Koller, H. 

D.R.P.—66,055 


A composition consisting of nitro- 
cellulose, sulfur, non-drying oils or 


218 


GERMAN PATENTS 


resins or their solutions in oils is 
heated with collodion to form a cam- 
phor substitute. 


Goldsmith, B. B. 
D.R.P.—66,199 
A protective lacquer consisting of 
pyroxylin (with or without small 
amounts of resin). 


Perl, J. 
Applied—April 17, 1892 
D.R.P.—68,356 


Issued—April 4, 1893 
A non-oxidizable bronzing liquid 
containing nitrocellulose, solvents, and 
bronze powder. 
Type Formula: 


PO TOCCUUIONS So ie ckseviewsees 10 
ONS eS er 90 
Be SE 6 go goers 0.5.5 20's 25 
Optional Constituents:—Benzoic acid, 


oxalic acid, methyl succinate, amyl 
acetate, and camphor. 


Schupphaus, R. C. 

D.R.P.—80,776 

To avoid the disagreeable camphor 
odor, pyroxylin is treated with melted 
or dissolved acid derivatives of aro- 
matic amines or their substitute 
products, alone or with addition of 
camphor. ‘There is recommended a 
mixture of ortho and para aceto 
toluidides. The resulting composition 
is dissolved in wood alcohol or acetone 
or a mixture of the two with or with- 
out butyl or amy] acetate. 


Flemming, H. : 
D.R.P—84,146 
Epichlorhydrin is recommended as a 
solvent for nitrocellulose. 


Marga, U. 
D.R.P.—85,235 
Pure cellulose or wood powder is 
added to an alcohol-ether solution of 
nitrocellulose. 


Cross, C. F. & Bevan, E. J. 
D.R.P.—85,329 
See Eng. Pat. 9,676—1894. 


219 
Pilz, E. E. 
D.R.P.—86,740 
A portrait, etc., lacquer: Collodion 


wool, moistened with glacial acetic 
acid and methyl alcohol is dissolved 
in a solution of camphor in turpentine 
and alcohol. 


Flemming, H. 
D.R.P.—91,819 
The chlorhydrins of glycerol are 
used as solvents for nitrocellulose. 


Schlumberger, T. 
D.R.P.—93,009 
Dilute solutions of salts in alcohol 
are good solvents for collodion wool 
and do away with need of ether. 
There are recommended: Chlorides 
(ammonium, calcium, magnesium, alu- 
minium and zinc); acetates (potas- 
slum, ammonium). 


Geserich, A. 

Applied—July 31, 1895 
D.R.P.—93,228 
Issued—June 24, 1897 

A mixture (melting at 40° C.) of m. 
dinitrobenzol and nitronaphthalene is 
used to gelatinize nitrocellulose used 
in explosives. 


Reid, W. F. & Carle, E. J. V. 
D.R.P.—96,365 
Nitro derivatives of oils containing 
linolein or ricinolein are mixed with 
nitrocellulose. (Camphor substitute.) 


Strache, F. H. 
D.R.P.—102,962 
Resin soap and finely divided sub- 
stances rich in resin or bitumen (bark, 
fat turf, bituminous graphite) are 
mixed with nitro cellulose to yield a 
plastic mass. 


Velvril Co. 
Applied Dec. 10, 1897 
D.R.P.—103,726 
Issued—May 13, 1899 
A leather varnish. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose... cians dee un nee 5 parts 
Nitrated ricinoleic acid .... 11 parts 
ABACONG cee pis ose peels tes 295 parts 


220 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Kohl, F. 
D.R.P—114,278 
Camphor is partially substituted by 
gelatine. 


Spitaler, A. 
D.R.P.—115,681 
A solution of albuminoids (specially 
casein) and borax are added to nitro- 
— cellulose to yield a plastic mass. 


Soc. gen. Pour la Fabr. des Materes 
Plastiques. 
D.R.P.—117,542 
Naphthalene is used as a camphor 
substitute. 


Zuhl & Eisenmann 
D.R.P.—118,052 
Alpha or beta naphthyl acetate are 
mixed with nitrocellulose with addition 
of a solvent (e.g. methanol). 
See also Eng. Pat. 11,751—1900, Aust. 
Pat. 6,545. 


Zuhl & Eisenmann 
D.R.P.—119,636 
Plastic: Phenoxyl acetic acid, 
naphthoxylactic acid or their anhy- 
drides or esters are treated with nitro- 
cellulose. 


Zuhl, Dr. 

Applied—Oct. 28, 1900 
D.R.P.—122,166 
Issued—July 3, 1901 

In plastic masses containing nitro- 
cellulose, the following are used as 
plasticizers: Ketones derived from 
naphthalene; methyl naphthyl ketone, 
dinaphthyl ketone, methyl oxy-naph- 
thyl ketone, dioxy-dinaphthylketone. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 

D.R.P.—122,272 

Camphor _ substitute: Aromatic 
sulfo acid derivatives from chlorides, 
esters and amides, specially p-toluol 
sulfo alkyl and dialkyl amide and 
other derivatives obtained in the 
preparation of saccharin from p-toluol 
sulfochloride: p-toluol sulfo acid alkyl 
ester, p-toluol sulfo acid alkyl-ester, 
p-toluol sulfomide. 


Goldsmith, J. N. 
D.R.P.—125,315 
Camphor is substituted by product 
of interactions of hydrochloric acid 
and acetic acid on glycerin: aceto- 
dichlorhydrins, monoaceto monochlor- 
hydrin. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 
D.R.P.—127,816 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1906 
Substitutes for camphor are: alkyl 
and alphyl esters of phthalic acid. 


Zuhl, Dr. 
Applied—March 10, 1901 
D.R.P.—128,119 
Issued—Jan. 22, 1902 
In nitrocellulose plastics esters of 
oxanilic acid are used as plasticizers. 


Zuhl, Dr., et al 

Applied—March 21, 1901 
D.R.P.—128,120 
Issued—Jan. 22, 1902 

In nitrocellulose plastic masses, tri- 
cresyl phosphate and trinaphthyl phos- 
phate are used as plasticizers. 

See U.S.P. 700,885, Aust. Pat. 9,557— 
1902. 


Zuhl & Eisenmann 
D.R.P.—128,956 
Camphor substitutes: mono and 
polyhalogen substitution products of 
aromatic hydrocarbons; dichlorben- 
zene, monochlor naphthalene. 


Henry, Chas. 
Applied—July 2, 1899 
D.R.P.—130,977 
Issued—May 15, 1902 
Silk is impregnated with a 1% solu- 
tion of nitrocellulose in fusel oil to 
reduce electrical conductivity. 


Deutsch. Zelluloidfabr. 
D.R.P.—132,371 
Camphor substitute: acetyl deriva- 
tives of such secondary amines in 
which two hydrogen atoms of ammonia 
are replaced by aromatic radicles: 
acetyl diphenyl amine. 
See also Eng. Pat. 12,863—1901, 
Aust. Pat. 11,376—1902. 


§ 


ie i i ” 


GERMAN PATENTS 221 


Frauquet, H. E. 
D.R.P.—138,783 
Casein made plastic by borax solu- 
tion and dehydrated, is added to nitro- 
cellulose to yield a plastic mass. 


Zuhl & Eisenmann 
D.R.P.—139,589 
Camphor substitute: phenol esters 
of carbonic acid: diphenyl carbonate, 
dicresyl carbonate, dinaphthyl car- 
bonate. 


Goldsmith, J. N. 
D.R.P.—139,738 


Camphor substituted by one or more. 


acid or neutral esters of sebacic acid, 
the product obtained by oxidation of 
castor or cocoanut oil with nitric acid, 
and subsequent esterification with 
methanol. 


Franquet, H. E. 
Applhed—Feb. 23, 1902 
D.R.P.—139,905 
Issued—March 10, 1903 
Addition to 138,783. 
Plastics are prepared from mixtures 
of pyroxylin and metallic caseinates. 


Zuhl, Dr. 

Applied—Oct. 27, 1902 
D.R.P.—140,164 
Issued—March 6, 1903 

In pyroxylin plastics the following 
are useful as plasticizers: Triphenyl 
thiophosphate, tricresyl thiophosphate, 
trinaphthyl thiophosphate. 


Rheinische Gummi und Zelluloidfabrik 
D.R.P.—140,263 
Camphor substituted by original 
acid esters of sugar such as glucose, 
levulose and saccharose: Aceto chlor- 
hydrose, glucose dibutyrate, glucose 
distearate, glucose ditartaric acid, glu- 
cose tetra tartaric acid, glucose di- 
acetate, glucose triacetate, glucose 
pentacetate, octa acetyl glucose, penta 
acetyl lavulose, tetra acetyl lactic acid, 
lactose tartaric acid, saccharo mono, 
tetra, hepta and octa-acetate. 


Rheinische Gummi und Zelluloidfabrik 
D.R.P.—140,480 , 
Camphor substitute: alpha and beta 


phenyl naphthalene and alpha and 
beta dinaphthylmethane. 


Rheinische Gummi und Celluloidfabrik 
D.R.P.—140,855 
Issued—Jan. 14, 1902 

Glucose, levulose and lactose, when 

heated under strong pressure with 
nitrocellulose, increase the solubility 
of the latter to such an extent that 
they can be substituted for part of the 
camphor in the preparation of the 
celluloid. 


Zuhl and Eisenmann 
D.R.P.—142,832 
Solvents for gun-cotton: halogenated 
phenol esters of phosphoric acid: neu- 
tral phosphoric acid ester of dichlor- 
naphthol, dichlorphenol and of tetra 
chlor naphthol. 


Zuhl and Eisenmann 

D.R.P—142,971 

Camphor substitute: esters which in 
addition to phenol radicle contain alco- 
hol radicle. 

Optional Constituents:—Dipheny! phos- 
phoric acid ethyl dimethyl ester, 
cresyl phosphoric acid ester, di- 
naphthyl phosphoric acid amyl ester. 


Zuhl and Eisenmann 

D.R.P.—144,648 

Nitrocellulose is dissolved in deriva- 
tives of phosphoric acid in which one 
or two hydroxyl groups are substituted 
by phenol,—cresol, or naphthol radi- 
cles, and the remaining hydroxyl 
groups by anilin radicles. 

Optional Constitwents:—Diphenyl phos- 
phoric acid anilide, cresol phosphoric 
acid anilide, dinaphthyl phosphoric 
acid anilide. 


Lederer, L. » 
Applied—Feb. 28, 1902 
D.R.P.—145,106 
Issued—Oct. 26, 1903 
Horny plastic masses are prepared 
from cellulose acetate and phenol. 


Lederer, L. 
‘Applied—July 10, 1902 
D.R.P.—151,918 


222 


Issued—Sept. 20, 1902 
Addition to 145,107 
A cellulose acetate plastic. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose’... ..2chaneawee 1 
Phenol oe ae ee 4 
Apetone.a: 3. toid Sainte eae 25 
Filler 


Lederer, L. 
Applied—Feb. 28, 1902 
D.R.P.—152,111 
Issued—May 31, 1904 
Chloral hydrate—pyroxylin plastics. 


Akt. Ges. f. Anilin Fabr. 
Applied—Dee. 5, 1903 
D.R.P.—161,213 
Issued—June 19, 1905 
The production of opaque films of 
celluloid by the use of certain solvent 
mixtures is discussed. In other words 
opacity is attained through blush. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid os. 2035.3. eee 2 gs. 
ethyl acetate: ewe 100 gs. 
Methyl -aleohohs ie Fas 120 gs 


Zuhl, Dr. 
Applied—April 30, 1902 
D.R.P.—162,239 
Issued—July 24, 1905 
Celluloid-like masses are prepared 
by blending nitrocellulose, cellulose 
acetate, and triphenyl phosphate. 


Claessen, C. 
D.R.P.—163,668 . 
Camphor substitute: easily fusible 
resins of casein. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose... ec ae 100 kg. 
Calophigny ic, on. crac wae 30 kg. 
Aloohol=(96%)’. 4c. sees 60 kg. 


Rheinische Gummi U. Zelluloidfabrik 
D.R.P—168,497 
Issued—July 22, 1903 
The camphor in celluloid is replaced 
by sugar, starch, etc., the sugar being 
first rendered soluble in alcohol by 
treatment with aldehydes. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Applied—May 27, 1904 
D.R.P.—169,782 
Issued—April 10, 1906 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Nitrocellulose solutions are used to 
impregnate fabric. These lacquers are 
plasticized by esters of sebacie acid. 

Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose 100 parts 
Ethyl sebacate 50 parts 
Dissolved in alcohol, amyl acetate, 


etc. 
See also Aust. Pat. 28,298—1906. 


Claessen, C. 
D.R.P.—172,941 
Camphor substitute: isobornyl ace- 
tate. ; 


Claessen, C. 
D.R.P.—172,966 
Camphor substitute: benzylidene- 
aceto acetic ester or benzylidene di- 
acetic ester. 
See also D.R.P. 174,259, French Pat. 
363,090. 


Claessen, C. 

D.R.P.—172,967 

In addition to the aceto acetic esters 
mentioned in D.R.P. 172,966, the con- 
densation product obtained by hydro- 
chloric acid on the above: 3 methyl-5 
phenyl-4, 6 dicarbox-ethy]l,-2-keto-R- 
hexene. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik. 

D.R.P.—173,020 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1904 

Process of producing a celluloid-like 
compound, employing benzylidene di- 
acetate or its monochlor substitution 
products, as m- and _ p-monochlor- 
benzylidene diacetate as a substitute 
for camphor. 


Zuhl and Eisenmann 

D.R.P.—173,796 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1905 
Addi. D.R.P.—128,120 
Issued—March 21, 1901 

Process of preparing celluloid-like 
compounds in which the products of 
the reaction between phosphorus 
oxychlorides or phosphorus trichlo- 
rides or phosphorus thiochlorides, and 
dichlorhydrin or mixtures of these re- 
action products are used as a substi- 
tute for camphor. The resulting com- 


* 
— = 


GERMAN PATENTS 223 


pounds are oily masses, insoluble in 
H.O and very readily soluble in al- 
cohol. 


Claessen, C. 


D.R.P.—174,259 
Issued—Oct. 27, 1904 
Addi. D.R.P.—172,966 
Issued—June 22, 1904 

Process of manufacturing celluloid- 
like masses, characterized by the 
employment of  ethylidenediacetic 
ester as a substitute for camphor. 
Mixtures of this ester with benzylidene 
and benzylidenediacetic esters also 
serve this purpose. 

See also D.R.P. 172,966, French Pat- 
ent 363,090. 


Raschig, F. 
D.R.P—174,914 
Issued—July 16, 1905 

Process of manufacturing celluloid- 
hke masses, characterized by the sub- 
stitution for camphor in whole or in 
part, of cyclohexanone, cyclohexanol, 
their homologues, or mixtures of any 
of these, or hexanols of any of the 
reduction products of phenol, ete 
These bodies dissolve nitrocellulose 
and are similar to camphor in consti- 
tution. 

See also U.S.P. 900,204. 


Lederer, L. 


D.R.P.—175,379 

Acetylene tetrachloride alone or 
mixed with media which alone are 
poor solvents (alcohol) is used as sol- 
vents for cellulose esters, other than 
the nitrate. 

See also Aust. Pat. 29,219. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Applied—June 26, 1903 
D.R.P.—175,664 
Issued—Oct. 4, 1906 

A lacquer is employed for imparting 
a silk-like gloss effect to fabric and 


paper. 

Type Formula: 
POLOCBINUOBG. 55... 00s Riwetaxen 15 
Butyl or amyl acetate.......... 85 
PC HAOLE BCIG . «'.,. vtwheks Wo «ote 24 1 


Reuhl, G. P. 


1 RP —176,121 
Bronzing lacquers containing gums 
are described. 


Type Formula: 


CAIN -COLLOUNT se oe ok a ware ore ae 0.48 kilo 
Amyl Scetatene, «40s sis es 8.0 liters 
Methyl alconol. 2s <csacten 1.0 liters 
CU AC ome cand Oo ie nce 6 se 0.48 kilo 


Bronze powder 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 


D.R.P—176,474 
Issued—July 26, 1905 

As substitutes for camphor, in the 
manufacture of -celluloid-like masses, 
the alkali acetyl compounds of those 
tetra and higher chlorinated anilines 
in which both ortho-positions to the 
amino group are occupied by chlorine, 
with the exception of s-methylace- 
tetrachloranilide and benzylacetpent- 
achloranilide, which melt too high and 
are only slightly soluble in nitrocellu- 
lose. 

See also Aust. Pat. 32,175. 


Zuhl and Eisenmann 


D.R.P.—177,778 
Issued—Nov. 18, 1904 

Improvements in the manufacture 
of celluloid-like masses, characterized 
by adding to the camphor substitutes 
and nitrocellulose, resinous bodies such 
as shellac, dammar, mastic, resin of 
Botany Bay, colophony, resin acid 
ester, or also hard resin, as yellow 
amber and copal, in order to impart 
the hardness and elasticity of true 
camphor to them. 


Claessen, C. 


D.R.P.—178,133 

Camphor substitute: such substitu- 
tion products of urea in which all hy- 
drogen atoms attached to nitrogen are 
substituted by organic radicles. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 


D.R.P.—180,126 
Issued—April 21, 1906 

Process of producing celluloid-like 
masses, characterized by substituting 
for camphor the amidines derived from 
aromatic o-diamines. There are speci- 


224 


fied the methyl-o-toluylene, the ethyl- 
ethyltrichlor-o-phenylenediamine, and 
the methylethenytrichloramidine. 

See also U.S.P. 892,899, Eng. Pat. 
10,228A—1906, French Pat. 366,106. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P.—180,203 
See Eng. Pat. 8,077—1906, French 
Patent 365,297. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P.—180,204 
See Eng. Pat. 8,077—1906, French 
Patent 365,297. 


Akt. Ges. F. Anil. Fabr. 
D.R.P.—180,208 
Issued—Aug. 9, 1905 

Symmetrical methyl benzoyl trich- 

loranilid is mixed with nitrocellulose 
in presence of alcohol and the product 
finished by known methods. 

Type Formula: 


Symmetrical methyl ben- 


zoyl trichloranilid ...... 30 parts 
Nitrocellulose-..4 i asa s aaa 100 parts 
Alcohol 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabr. 

D.R.P.—180,280 
Camphor substitutes: almost all 

chlorine derivatives of the alkyl com- 
pounds. Of the benzoyl compounds 
only the symmetrical methyl benzoyl 
tri- chlor anilid can be used. 

Optional Constituents:—s-Methyl aceto 
trichlor anilid, unsymmetrical-ethyl 
aceto tetrachlor anilid, s-benzyl aceto 
tetrachlor anilid, ethyl pentachlor 
anilid. 


Bonnaud, J. B. G. 
Applied—Dec. 5, 1902 
D.R.P.—180,489 
Issued—Jan. 31, 1907 
A waterproofing lacquer containing 
gums and castor oil is described. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose .............. 1 kilo 
Carmphor™... «.0¥P ates ees 1 kilo 
Aleohol:i ss. 2p eee. Peace 9 liters 


To 180 parts of above are added 
10-30 parts of a gum copal-castor oil 
solution prepared by boiling 6 parts 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


of gum copal with 180 parts of castor 
oil. 


Basler, J. & Cie 
D.R.P.—185,808 
Issued—June 7, 1905 : 

In the manufacture of celluloid-like 
masses the borneols instead of cam- 
phor are intimately mixed in solution 
in a mixture of ether and alcohol, with 
nitrocellulose, preferably saturated 
with alcohol, in a solvent for nitro- 
cellulose, as ethyl acetate, amyl ace- 
tate, or acetone. 


Lederer, L. 
D.R.P.—188,542 
Issued—Feb. 3, 1905 
Acetylene tetrachloride 
mended as a solvent for cellulose 
esters. 


See also D.R.P. 175,379. 


Rhein, Gummi U. Zelluloidfabrik 
D.R.P.—188,822 
Camphor substitute: products ob- 
tained by the interaction of the con- 
densation products of formaldehyde on 
turpentine, etheric oils containing tur- 
pentine, or on resins and balsams, 


Lederer, L. 

D.R.P.—189,703 
Issued—May 27, 1906 
Addi. to 152,111 

In the production of horn-like sub- 
stances from cellulose acetate, chlor- 
alcoholate is used either alone or in 
combination with other substances, as 
chloral hydrate, phenol, phenol esters, 
acid esters and others, with and with- 
out solvents, also such as do not dis- 
solve cellulose acetate. 1 


Claessen, C, 
D.R.P.—191,454 
To nitrocellulose are added such 
ureas or thio ureas in which all hy- 
drogen atoms are _ substituted by 
organic radicles or their halogen de- 
rivatives. 


Eisenmann, F. R. 
Applied—Sept. 2, 1906 
D.R.P.—192,666 


is recom- — 


oe 


GERMAN PATENTS 225 


In a dipping lacquer for incandescent 
mantles, camphor plasticizer may be 
replaced by one of the following sub- 
stances: Ethyl oxalate, ethyl lactate, 
ethyl salicylate, ethyl stearate, ethyl 
palmitate, ethyl phthalate, ethyl buty- 
rate, ethyl tartrate, methyl benzoate, 
methyl stearate, methyl palmitate, 
amyl acetate, amyl lactate, amyl tar- 
trate, amyl oxalate. 

Optional Constituents:—Propyl oxalate, 
propyl butyrate, phenyl salicylate. 

See also D.R.P. 195,312. 


Eisenmann, F. R. 
Applied Sept. 2, 1906 
D.R.P.—195,312 ° 
Issued—Feb. 11, 1908 
In lacquers for dipping gas mantles, 
aldehydes are used as camphor sub- 
stitutes—for example—paraldehyde. 


Eisenmann, F. R. 
Applied—Sept. 2, 1906 
D.R.P.—195,313 
Issued—Feb. 11, 1908 
In lacquers for dipping gas mantles 
the following are used as camphor sub- 
stitutes (plasticizers): Nitrobenzol, 
nitrotoluol, nitroanisol, nitrophenitol. 


Fischer, E. 
D.R.P.—201,907 
Issued—Jan. 20, 1907 
Nitromethane is recommended as a 
solvent for acetyl cellulose and nitro- 
celluloses. 


Szelinski, B. 
D.R.P.—202,720 
Issued—Dec. 28, 1907 

The compounds obtained by the ac- 

tion of organomagnesium compounds 
on hydro-aromatic, unsaturated ke- 
tones (e.g. carvone, pulegone, cyclo- 
hexanone) are worked up with nitro- 
or acetyl-cellulose, with or without 
camphor or camphor substitutes, in the 
presence of suitable solvents to form 
products resembling celluloid. 

Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate ......... 100 parts 
Benzyldehydrocarvone in 
acetone, chloroform or al- 
ReTE as pes cavac'v'e 6s 8 55 parts 


Marino, P. 


D.R.P.—206,471 
Issued—March 26, 1907 

Process of manufacturing non-in- 
flammable celluloid, consisting in dis- | 
solving water and _ ethanol-insoluble 
alkaline-earth or metallic salts in 
acetic acid, mixing the solvent with 
carbon tetrachloride or carbon tetra- 
bromide, trinitrochlormethane, nitro- 
hydrocarbons, and celluloid, and dry- 
ing the product. 

See also U.S.P. 893,634. 


Desvaux, L. & Allaire, H. 


D.R.P.—207,869 
Issued—April 17, 1908 

Process of manufacturing celluloid- 
like masses, consisting in adding to the 
mixture of nitrocellulose and camphor 
substitutes, the albumen containing 
substances (“maisin’’), in place of the 
heretofore employed casein, whereby a 
more transparent and less fragile prod- 
uct is obtained. 


Bume, F. 


D.R.P.—210,519 
Issued—Aug. 25, 1907 

Acetyl cellulose is mixed with cam- 
phor or a camphor substitute, then 
with a solvent (chloroform, acetone, 
ethyl acetate) and next with a pre- 
cipitant (water, benzene, alcohol, etc.) 
miscible with the solvent. 


Zwick, H. 


D.R.P.—211,520 

Nitrocellulose (alone or with resins 
or balsams) is dissolved in various 
solvents of varying volatility, contain- 
ing water, fats and oils. Coloring 
matter may be added. 


Type Formula: 


Colagigniek ots. tees eer ks 100 g. 

jy 1 og CARA ae oe er eo 1000 g. 

Alcohol (G6%e) ik Mes 200 g. 

AGO OUGI Resa sek 9 6 Sous Coke 200 g. 

LANGCOO VOUS. ae doe kta ss ee 40 g. 

PUR OT Mts oe, ie ew trwtare aa gate (ims 
Zwick, H. 


D.R.P.—211,573 
Addn. to 211,520 
Instead of nitrated cellulose one 


226 


may use aliphatic acid esters of cellu- 
lose alone or mixed with the nitrate. 


Krais, Paul 
Applied—Aug. 30, 1904 
D.R.P.—212,695 
Issued—Aug. 5, 1909 
In nitrocellulose lacquers, amyl 
formate is recommended as a solvent. 


Bradford Dyers’ Ass’s 
D.R.P.—212,696 
Issued—Dec. 11, 1903 

The sheen on fabrics is rendered 

permanent by treatment with an amyl 
acetate solution of nitro cellulose. A 
dye soluble in the amyl acetate may 
be added. 


Buchstab, B. G. 
D.R.P.—214,398 
Issued—July 23, 1908 
Manufacturing difficulty combustible 
celluloid-like masses, by treating a 
solution of nitrocellulose with air or 
chlorine and corking up strontium 
chloride, and castor oil, into the re- 
sulting product after the addition of 
lactic acid or its salts. 


Boehringer, C. F. & Sohne 
D.R.P.—214,962 
Issued—Dec. 5, 1906 

Manufacturing of  celluloid-like 

masses, dependent upon the observa- 
tion that the property of dissolving 
nitrocellulose is possessed to a large 
degree by the cyclic acetates, also the 
condensation products of ketones or 
aldehydes with polybasic alcohol, so 
that the said bodies are applicable as 
substitutes for camphor in the cellu- 
loid manufacture. Under polybasic al- 
cohols is understood only pure poly- 
hydroxy compounds of the general 
formula CH.OH . (CHOH);.CH.OH, 
where X may be naught. 


Keil, G. and Plischke, K. 
D.R.P.—215,672 
Issued—1908 
The shining substance of fish scales 
is dissolved out with water, evaporated 
to dryness and then added to pyroxy- 
lin lacquers. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Buchstab, B. G. 
D.R.P.—216,307 
Issued—Jan. 31, 1909 
Nitrocellulose containing lacs are 
obtained by treating the initial ma- 
terial, nitrocellulose, celluloid, and the 
like with air, chlorine, ozone, or 
chlorine-containing gases. The prod- 
uct is more difficulty combustible than 
nitrocellulose and soluble in alcohol. 
See also French Patent 407,862. 


Heil, H. and Van den Kerkhoff, E. 
D.R.P.—217,852 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1908 

Manufacture of varnish-like prod- 

ucts with metallic luster, dependent 
upon the observation that pure alco- 
hol ‘solution of such cellulose nitrates 
as dissolve in high per cent or absolute 
alcohol possess the property of yield- 
ing stable mixtures with metallic 
powders, only coagulate after a long 
time and dry with metallic luster. 


Chem. Fabrik Griesheim-Elektron 

D.R.P.—219,918 
Issued—July 9, 1908 

In the production of celluloid-like 
masses, the camphor is partly or 
wholly replaced, in the usual process 
of celluloid manufactured by dioxydi- 
phenylsulfone, which has a marked 
gelatinizing effect on nitrocellulose. 


Lederer, L. 

D.R.P.—220,228 
Issued—Feb. 24, 1907 

Celluloid-like substances are ob- 
tained by substituting in the known 
manufacture of celluloid, wholly or 
partly, for the camphor employed, 
chloral hydrate, chlor-aleoholate, or 
their mixtures with the aid of a nitro- 
cellulose-dissolving agent. 


Keller, Henri 
D.R.P.—220,322 
Pyroxylin is dissolved in an alco- 
holic dye solution and ether. A fat or 
resin, or both may be added to the 
solution. 


Societe Industrielle de Celluloid 
D.R.P.—221,081 
Issued—Jan. 13, 1901 


GERMAN PATENTS 


In the manufacture of celluloid-like 
masses, maltodextrin (previously neu- 
tralized with alkaline acting substances 
such as borax), is added to the mix- 
ture of nitrocellulose and camphor or 
camphor substitutes. The maltodex- 
trin preserves in the mass all proper- 
ties of plasticity, transparency, etc., 
increases the permanency and _ bril- 
liancy of the polish, and materially 
decreases combustibility. 


Muller, E. 
Applied—July 28, 1909 
D.R.P—222,777 
Issued—June 4, 1910 
Dichlorhydrin is employed as a lac- 
guer solvent. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ......... 360 gr. 

Daehlovrhydrai. e645. » 3 liters 
PR NOOHUO Ts ROM OT. caida ov 1___siiter 
Os ot, | ee 75 liter 


Cross, C. & Briggs, J. 
D.R.P.—224,330 
See also Fr. Pat. 320,885. 
Textiles are superficially acetylated 
to make them impermeable. 


D.R.P.—228,267 

Alkyl or alkylidenethers of glycerine 
chlorhydrins either alone or mixed 
with other materials are recommended 
as solvents for cellulose esters. 


Furst G. Donnersmarcksche Kunstseide 
U. Azetatwerke 
D.R.P —237,718 
Issued—1907 
See French Patent 400,652. 


Eichengrun, A. 
D.R.P.— 238,348 
Issued—Jan. 26, 1909 
Manufacturing celluloid-like masses 
by treating suitable acetyl cellulose 
with mixtures of fluids which sep- 
arately are not solvents for the par- 
ticular acetyl cellulose, in the presence 
of camphor or camphor substitutes. 
See also Aust. Pat. 47,890. 


Bruckner, W. 
D.R.P.—238,361 
Issued—Sept. 22, 1911 


227 


See Eng. Pat. 1799—1910. 
See also D.R.P. 241,781. 


Medveczky, S. Von 
D.R.P.—239,773 
Issued—Oct. 30, 1910 
A concentrated solution of soluble 
silicate, specially sodium or potassium 
silicate, is mixed with freshly prepared 
collodion and boiled until the latter is 
dissolved as completely as possible. 
See also Eng. Pat. 27,283—1911, Fr. 
Pat. 436,245, Swiss Pat. 58,686. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—240,188 
Issued—Dec. 25, 1909 
Thread coated with cellulose esters 
is finished by treating with the follow- 
ing composition: 
Type Formula: 


Rice staren +...20. vere 300 parts 

WV Ge Tees, hyenas Sauer: 3000 parts 

Senegal" gum wey ee 50 parts 

A.cepiisserry ce) setae 75 parts 

Akconal Wee AES? ae ee 150 parts 
Pink, L. 


D.R.P—240,563 
Issued—March 9, 1911 
Addn. to 227,918 

Corks are coated by immersion in a 
solution of celluloid dissolved in amyl 
acetate, or a solution of collodion. 
After the evaporation of the solvent, 
the corks are immersed in a sulfuric 
acid bath, wherein the coating is 
parchmentized. 


Lederer, L. 
D.R.P.—240,751 
Issued—July 4, 1908 
A solution of cellulose nitrate and 
acetate in acetone and acetylene tet- 
rachloride. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellilose acdc: oo. cus 5 parts 
Acetyl cellulose ..../.:..c: 2 parts 
VLCRUNIGE ic eee es te een ee 27 parts 
Acetylene tetrachloride .... 16 parts 


Bruckner, W. 
D.R.P.—241,781 
Issued—May 29, 1909 
Addn. to 238,361 


228 


Linen is treated with a mixture of 
an organic acid, zine chloride and amyl 
alcohol and is then impregnated with 
a solution of nitrocellulose in an or- 
ganic solvent of high boiling point, 
which may first be completely neutral- 
ized by means of sodium carbonate. 
The process may also be applied to 
waterproofing of wood, fabrics, etc. 

See also Eng. Pat. 1,799—1910. 

See also D.R.P. 238,361. 


Bruckner, W. 


D.R.P.—241,820 
Issued—Sept. 29, 1909 

Double or more ply washable fab- 
rics and the like are impregnated with 
“nitrocellulose.” 


Berend, L. 
D.R.P.—242,467 
Issued—July 16, 1908. 


Manufacturing elastic masses by 
dissolving nitroacetyl-cellulose, with 
anhydroformaldehyde compounds of 


the resin, oil, or fatty acids of pri- 
mary amines, in acetone, emulsifying 
the solution with solution of glue, 
casein or albumin, and then treating 
this emulsion with formaldehyde. 


Zimmer, A. A. A. 
D.R.P.—242,786 
Issued—Nov. 11, 1910 

In the manufacture of washable 
linen and the like the starched articles 
are impregnated with a solution of 
caoutchouc and while in still a gela- 


tinous condition, they are coated with 


a layer of collodion or like material in 
the usual solvents such as dichlor- 
hydrin, tetrachlorethane, or acetone, 
to which suitable colors or oils may be 
added. 


Hartmann, C. 
D.R.P.—244,566 
Issued—Sept. 7, 1910 

Skins are hardened in a bath of 
amyl acetate two parts and acetone 
one part, remaining in the bath about 
forty-eight hours. A coating of cellu- 
loid dissolved in acetone and amyl 
acetate, is then applied to the har- 
dened skin with a brush. The cellu- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


loid coating is then rendered insoluble 
by immersing the hardened skin, for 
about twenty-four hours in a _ bath 
consisting of 90% alcohol, one part 
and white shellac two parts. 

See also Eng. Pat. 16,810—1911. 


Richter, J. 


D.R.P.—246,081 
Issued—Feb. 25, 1911 

Celluloid-like plates are obtained 
from acetone-soluble acetyl cellulose, 
using for solution inadequate amounts 
of camphor substitute material. 


Wohl, A. 


D.R.P.—246,657 
Issued—1910 
Acetone. and methyl formate are 
solvents for acetyl cellulose. 
-See French Patent 425,900 of 1910. 
See also Aust. Pat. 53,099. 


Doerflinger, W. F. 


D.R.P—246,967 
Issued—June 12, 1910 

Manufacturing of lacs and the pro- 
duction of films from aliphatic esters 
of cellulose. The aliphatic esters of 
cellulose, especially acetyl cellulose, 
are dissolved in diacetone alcohol with 
or without the addition of diluents. 

See Brit. Pat. 11,728—issued May 15, 
1911. 

See also US.P. 1,003,438, Fr. Pat. 
429,754. 


Lederer, L. 


D.R.P—248,559 
Issued—March 26, 1909 
Addn. to 240,751 

Modification of the process of manu- 
facturing solutions for the manufac- 
ture of artificial threads and the like 
by dissolving nitro- and acetyl cellu- 
lose in acetylene tetrachloride and 
nitrocellulose in acetone, whereby the 
acetylene tetrachloride is replaced by 
chloroform and the acetone by acetic 
acid. 


Internationale Celluloseester Ges. 


D.R.P.— 249,535 
Issued—Nov. 2, 1910 
See British Patent 29,246—1910. 


4 
4 


“MY 


GERMAN PATENTS 229 


See Aust. Pat. 54,512, French Patent 
423,774. 


Massmann, Charles 

D.R.P.—250,421 
Issued—April 13, 1910 

Production of a solution of collodion 
serving as a binding agent for printing 
colors as well as for the manufacture 
of artificial silk. It consists of a mix- 
ture of benzene and alcohol, preferably 
in equal proportions by weight. 


Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik 

D.RP—251,351 
Issued—Sept. 6, 1911 

In the manufacture of varnishes 
from cellulose esters or celluloid, em- 
ploying as solvent the esters of hexo- 
hydrophenols, such as the acetate of 
cyclohexanol, with or without the 
addition of other solvents, softening 
agent, such as castor oil, or other suit- 
able material. 

See also US.P. 1,045,895, Eng. Pat. 
3,869—1912, Swiss Pat. 59,164, Swiss 
Pate 61611. 


Celluloid Co. 
D.R.P.—251,372 
Camphor is substituted by benzyl 
benzoate in presence of solvents. 


Rampichini, F. 
D.R.P.—253,984 
Issued—Feb. 21, 1911 
See British Patent 4,253—1911. 


Carls, H. & Ebert, C. L. 
D.R.P.—254,193 
Issued—May 20, 1911 

In the labeling of wax cloth for book 

binding purposes, the adhesive em- 
ployed consists of celluloid, resinous 
matter, acetic acid and alcohol to 
which may be added compounds to 
increase the flexibility, such as castor 
oil. 


Eichengrun, A. 
D.R.P.— 254,385 
Issued—Jan. 26, 1909 
In the preparation of solutions from 
acetone-soluble acetyl cellulose, the 
latter is treated with hot mixtures of 


fluids which possess no decided solvent 
power for acetone soluble cellulose 
acetate or mixtures composed of alco- 
hols and hydrocarbons or their deriva- 
tives. The hydrocarbons may be re- 
placed in part or wholly by water. 


Eichengrun, A. 
D.R.P—254,784 
Issued—April 16, 1909 

Cellulose acetate is dissolved in mix- 

tures of alcohols, hydrocarbons and 
liquids dissolving cellulose acetate in 
the cold. Liquids not solvents for 
cellulose acetate may be used in the 
mixture. 

Type Formula: 
Acetone soluble cellulose ace- 


acetate ..... Sael Salah ows: 1 kg. 
va Leesa lameness OSG lado obese te 3 kg. 
| EE Ye eo ee ree rer Brice, 
Acetio acide ester o2ne.e%).. 225 Wy kg. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 

D.R.P.—255,692 
Issued—Feb. 24, 1912 
Addn, to D.R.P. 251,351 

In the manufacture of varnishes 
from cellulose esters, instead of the 
esters of hexohydrophenols specified in 
the original patent, the readily ob- 
tainable esters of cyclopentanols are 


employed. 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose’ .. ... 22.28%. 2 parts 
6B-Methyl cyclopentanol 
aeetaten..’. howasaes eee +. i 100 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Alcohol, cam- 


phor, castor oil. 
See also U.S.P. 1,045,895, Swiss Pat. 
61,611—1912. 


Knoll & Co. 
D.R.P.—255,704 
Issued—Sept. 13, 1911 fie: 

A plastic composition containing 
acetyl cellulose filling material (col- 
lodion cotton), and a salt, e.g. zinc 
chloride. 

Type Formula: 

Acetyl cellulose ......... tee OO 
Collodion cotton .......-.+s- 1 
Ayah eee al Gy 2a (ee eeamiy ee wae og ar 5 


Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—256,922 
Issued—Aug. 3, 1911 


230 


Acetyl celluloses are dissolved in 
alcohol in the presence of ZnCl. or 
NH.SCn or KSCn or the like. The 
thiocyanates and ZnCl. which have a 
hygroscopic action in the coating, may 
be readily washed out with H.O. 

Optional Constitwents:—Camphor sub- 
stitutes, dyes, pigments, bronzes, fillers. 


Soc. Industrielle des Telephones 

D.R.P.—260,915 
Issued—Oct. 16, 1912 

To a cellulose solution, such as is 
used for coating aeroplane fabric or 
for electrical insulation, an inert sub- 
stance is added, for instance barium 
sulfonate, zinc sulfate or oxide, mag- 
nesium oxide, etc. Coloring matter 
may be added and the coating may be 
varnished after application. 


Celluloid Company of New York 
D.R.P.—263,056 
Acetyl cellulose is mixed with tri- 
phenyl phosphate and urea. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P.—263,404 
Issued—1912 
See British patents 21,368, 23,544— 
1912; U.S, Patent 1,166,790, Aust. Pat. 
64,393, Swiss Pat. 64,710. 


Intern. Celluloseester-Ges, 
D.R.P.—265,852 
Issued—Jan. 5, 1913 
In the manufacture of cellulose 
formate solution, employing as _ sol- 
vents solutions of mono- or poly- 
hydric phenols. 


Intern. Celluloseester-Ges. 
D.R.P.—265,911 
Issued—Jan. 5, 1913 
' In the manufacture of cellulose 
formate solution, employing as _ sol- 
vent solutions of chloral hydrate or 
chloral. aleoholate. 

Type Formula: 


Cellulose formate. <-t>... 1 kg. 
Chloral hydrate ........... 8 kg. 
Water Ale eee 10 liters 


Dittmar, H. 
D.R.P.—266,384 
Issued—Aug. 15, 1911 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Balloon fabrics are impregnated 
with a solution of celluloid in amyl 
acetate with the addition of castor oil 
and wax. 


Intern. Celluloseester-Ges, 

D.R.P.—266,600 
Issued—July 5, 1912 

In the manufacturing of cellulose 
formate solutions the following salts 
are employed as_ solvents: alkali 
iodides and bromides, CaCl, NHsNOs, 
nitrates of the alkaline earths and the 
metals, CuCh, alkali xanthogenates, 
aniline salts as well as the alkali salts 
of the aromatic mono- and poly- 
sulfonic acids. 


Koller, G. 
D.R.P.—266,781 
Issued—Feb. 14, 1912 
Cellulose esters are treated with 
trichloroethylene and (or) perchloro- 
ethylene, in the presence of mono- or 
poly-hydric phenols. 


Int. Cellulose Ester Ges. 
D.R.P.—267,557 
Addn. to 266,600 
Instead of or in addition to the salts 
mentioned in original patent, there are 
used the soluble bichromates. 
Type Formula: 


Amm, bichromate solution... 30 kg. 

Cellulose formate ........... 20 kg. 
Spath, Carl 

D.R.P.—267, 992 


Celluloid is treated with a mixture 
of ethyl, or methyl alcohol and ace- 
tone. Thereby a suitable solution or 
suspension is obtained for erga: 
dye or tanning material. 


Bayer & Co. 

D.R.P.—268,627 
Issued—Nov. 26, 1911 
Add. to 267,922 

In the manufacture of alcoholic 
acetyl cellulose solution by dissolving 
acetyl cellulose in the presence of 
ZnCl. or thiocyanates, in alcohol the 
ZnCl. and the thiocyanates may be 
replaced by stannic chloride or anti- 
mony tri chloride. 


GERMAN PATENTS 


Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 10 parts 
Stannic chloride ........... 40 parts 
SE to a 60 parts 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
DRiP—272,391 
Issued—Sept. 12, 1912 


See British patent 21,368—1912, C. - 


A. 8, 83; U.S. Pat. 1,166,790, Ger. Pat. 
263,404, Eng. Pat. 23,544—of 1912. 


Tronel, J. 

D.R.P.—273,498 
Issued—May 21, 1912 

A lacquer for aluminium, consisting 
of a solution of nitrocellulose, cellu- 
loid, fatty acids and gum-like sub- 
stances produced by the transforma- 
tion of lactic acid in presence of 
organic and inorganic salts. 


Knoll & Co. 

D.R.P.—276,013 
Issued—Noy. 14, 1912 

An aromatic acid, ester or ether 
which does not dissolve or decompose 
acetyl cellulose (phthalic acid) is 
added to a solution of acetyl cellulose 
in acetic acid. From this a plastic 
mass may be obtained. 

Optional Constituents:—Ethyl benzoate, 
methyl benzoate, beta-naphthyl ben- 
zoate, benzyl chloride, anisol, dye- 
stuffs. 


Ago-Lederkitt-Ind.-Ges 
D.R.P.—276,661 
Issued—Feb. 16, 1912 

A celluloid solution as an adhesive 

consists of a solution of celluloid in 
acetone with added oxalic acid or 
other solid organic acid. 

Type Formula: 


a a er 100 kg 
0s REE 20- 30 kg. 
ys Ma rr 5- 2 kg. 
Optional Constituents:—Citric acid, tar- | 
taric acid. 
Bohmer, L. 


D.R.P.—277,490 
Issued—July 4, 1913 

In preparing paper for making arti- 
ficial flowers, the paper is saturated, 


231 


before dyeing with a collodion-glycerol 
mixture, diluted with alcohol. 


Internationale Cellulosester Gesell. 
D.R.P.—277,529 
Issued—Sept. 3, 1914 
The use of resorcin diacetate as an 
ingredient in cellulose acetate films is 
claimed, 


Lender, R. 
Applied—Feb. 8, 1913 
D.R.P—277,605 
Issued—Aug. 19, 1914 

A lacquer comprising polymerized 

coumaron and indene (heated with 
sulfur) dissolved in naphtha is de- 
scribed. 


Strauss, R. 
D:-R.P 279/127 
Issued—Jan. 29, 1913 
Furniture polish consisting of gloss- 
clear celluloid, acetone and alcohol. 
Type Formula: 


Cet irr lech REE eae ss 25. parts 
OBLONG Ee odin. caters & 110 parts 
Alcohol a ae 08 3 £4 feo 890 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Aniline colors. 


Belnisch, H. 

D.R.P.—279,638 
Issued—April 17, 1913 

A varnish for school desks contains 
as a binder a liquid which is prepared 
by the separate solution of oils or fats 
and of acetyl cellulose in suitable 
volatile solvents, and the combination 
of the two solutions with heating and 


pressure, 
Type Formula: 
CUE SEIE TGR om ee 33 kg. 
AIOGION cca ahaa ale» 1 kg. 
Dena Se, en tees Veron ke: 
Acetyl cellulose in al- 
CO eoe ly er aire he lto 5 kg. 


Optional Constituents:—Pigments, pow- 
dered stone or wood. 


Chem. Fabrik Buckau, Abt. Dubois & 
Kaufmann 
D.R.P.—280,376 
Issued—July 31, 1913 
Manufacture of varnishes from 
nitrocellulose or resins dependent upon 


232 


the observation that the neutral alkyl 
carbonates are good solvents for resins, 
and especially for nitrocelluloses. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P.—281,225 
Issued—Nov. 29, 1913 
The acyl compounds of completely 
hydrogenated aromatic amines possess 
an exceptional softening and solvent 
power for nitrocellulose and the like. 


Type Formula: 


Acetylidicyclohexylamine 35 parts 
Nitrocellulose ............ 100 parts 
Alcohol 


Zapon-Lack-Ges M. B. H. 

D.R.P.—281,265 
Issued—April 22, 1913 

Manufacturing varnishes from cellu- 
lose derivatives by dissolving cellulose 
derivatives in MeOH, acetone oil, 
ketones or the like, after first adding 
polymerization products of cumarone 
or indene or both of these. The re- 
sulting varnish is oily, lustrous, dries 
uniformly, is very elastic, and is stable 
in air and light. 


Type Formula: 


MeQU so ue wen i eee 100 g 
Cumaroneé fésin. aves ee ee 10 g 
Benzgol 2. sia ae eee 350 g 
Colodian’ = 62.03 ance ene 30 g 
Acetone: oll. s, 2. eee 5g 
Alcohol. cic .cnccs seen 400 g 
Kevones~. SoG, « care 100 g 


Optional Constituents:—Fusel oil, tetra- 
chlorethane, acetone. 
See also U.S.P. 1,185,514, Fr. Pat. 
471,104. 


Chem, Fabrik. Griesheim-Elektron 
D.R.P.—281,373 
Issued—Noy. 26, 1912 
In the manufacture of zapon var- 
nishes, amyl acetate may be replaced 
by the much cheaper ethylidene com- 
pounds of aliphatic acids. 


Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose 7... is) enaeee 
Ethylidene acetate 100 parts 

Optional Constitwents:—Camphor, ethy- 
lidene diacetate. 


cere eee 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—281,374 
Issued—Nov. 24, 1911 
Addn. to D.R.P. 256,922 
Alcoholic solutions of zine chloride 
or thiocyanates need not be employed, 
as specified in the principal patent. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 5 parts 
Zinc chlorid@ig ise 6. eee 70 parts 
Water -3. 450. ae 40 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Triacetin, dyes, 
stannic chloride, antimony chloride, 
alcohol. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P.—284,672 
Issued—Jan. 16, 1914 
Cyclohexanone and its homologues 
may be employed to advantage as sol- 
vents in the manufacture of varnishes 
of nitrocellulose. 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate 
Cyclohexanone 50 parts 
Optional Constituents:—Acetone, tolu- 
ene. 
See also Brit. Pat. 14,042—of 1914. 


Eichengrun, A. 
D.R.P.—287,745 
Issued—Nov. 27, 1910 

Gelatinized and_ easily worked 

masses can be obtained also from 
cellulose hydroacetates in the presence 
of such small amounts of a camphor 
substitute as methyl acetanilid. 

Type Formula: 


ceeereeereeee 


Acetyl cellulose ...73assaes 10 kg. 
Methyl acetanilid ........... 4 kg. 
Methyl. aleohol"s)....003eeee 6.5 kg. 


Chem. Fabrik Von Heyden Akt.-Ges. 
D.R.P.—288,267 
Issued—April 28, 1914 
As solvents are employed the alkyl 
or alkylidene ethers of chlorohydrin, 
alone or in admixture with other sol- 
vents or softening agents, or with 
agents which do not dissolve cellulose. 
Optional Constituents:—Methyl or ethyl 
chlorohydrin, methylene or ethylidene 
chlorohydrin. 


E. I. du Pont de Nemours 
D.R.P.—292,951 
Issued—Oct. 12, 1912 


GERMAN PATENTS 


See French Patent 449,606. 
See also U.S.P. 1,082,573, Eng. Pat. 
22,623—1912, Swiss Pat. 65,136. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Filed—Jan. 10, 1910 
D.R.P.—295,764 
Issued—Nov. 22, 1910 

See US.P. 1,357,447. 


Westfalisch-Anhaltische 
A. G. 
D.R.P.—296,591 
Issued—March 16, 1913 
In order to increase the stability and 
plasticity of smokeless powder, anilides 
of organic acids are added in which 
the imide hydrogen is replaced by 
an iodide, with the exception of ethyl 
or methyl acetanilid. 


Sprengstoff— 


Knoll und Co. 
D.R.P.—298,806 
Issued—March 14, 1916 
Cellulose acetate mixtures contain- 
ing resorcinol monoacetate (m.p. 50° 
C.) can be molded when heated and 
maintain their shape on coating. 


Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden 

D.R.P.—302,460 
Issued—July 17, 1917 

In manufacture of nitrocellulose 
powders there is used as substitute for 
acetone, furfural alone or mixed with 
methanol, ether, benzene, ethyl for- 
mate, ethyl acetate, or chloroform. 


Verein F. Chem. Industrie 
D.R.P.—303,018 
Issued—Nov. 7, 1912 

Cellulose acetate is incorporated 

with triphenyl phosphate to form a 
homogeneous mass, which melts under 
the action of heat and falls away with- 
out bursting into flame. 


Redlich, F. 

D.R.P.—304,224 
Issued—Feb, 14, 1917 

Cellulose esters are incorporated 
with the neutral ester of a di- or poly- 
basic organic acid of the aliphatic or 
aromatic series with the aid of a 
volatile solvent. 


233 
Type Formula: 
Cellulose acetate .......... 12 kilos 
Diethyl tartrate... deotre «2 10 kilos 
Optional Constituents:—Resins, fats, 
oils. 


Steimmig, F. 

D.R.P.—307,075 
Issued—March 6, 1917 

Furfurol is used as solvent either 
alone or with other organic solvents 
in which cellulose acetate is not com- 
pletely soluble. The solvent action of 
furfurol is not reduced by the admix- 
ture of other liquids in which cellu- 
lose acetate is only partially soluble, 
e.g. ethyl acetate, methyl alcohol, 
ethyl chloride, benzene and toluene. 


Farbenfabr. Bayer 
D.R.P.—307,125 
Issued—May 9, 1917 
Camphor substitute: Beta naphthol- 
amyl ether can be used with cellulose 
acetate or nitrate and with ethyl, 
propyl and benzyl cellulose. 


Gebr. Heyl & Co., A. G. 
D.R.P.—307,771 
Issued—Aug. 14, 1917 

Paper fabric is impregnated with 

mixtures containing wood tar or wood 
tar oils and cellulose esters, particu- 
larly in combination with amyl ace- 
tate. 


Lehner, A. 
D.R.P.—308,615 
Issued—Nov. 6, 1917 
Paper textiles are coated with nitro- 
cellulose solutions. 


Linkmeyer, R. Barby & Hoyermann, H. 
D.R.P.—312,392 
Issued—Nov. 17, 1917 

Viscous solutions are treated with 

substances which contain amide or 
imide groups or are capable of form- 
ing such groups. Suitable substances 
are urea, derivatives of urea, cyanim- 
ide, dicyanodiamide, guanidine and 
its derivatives, acid amides, urethane, 
cyanates, thiourea, mustard oils, and 
condensation products of the above 
substances with aldoses. Such com: 
pounds act as stabilizers, 


234 


Vereinigte Coln.-Rottweiler Pulver- 
fabriken 
D.RP—314,317 
Issued—Aug. 21, 1918 

Solutions of nitrocellulose in acetone 
or other solvents are diluted with 
water, after which an electrolyte, e.g. 
alum, is added, and the solutions are 
then intimately mixed with organic 
compounds which are insoluble in 
water and have a slight gelatinizing 
action of nitrocellulose. Suitable com- 
pounds are toluol, xylol, aniline, 
methylaniline, dimethylaniline, carbon 
tetrachloride, pine needle oil, chloro- 
form and carbon bisulphide. The re- 
sultant product may be used in the 
manufacture of varnishes or lacquers. 


Vereinigte Coln-Rottweiler Pulverfab- 
riken 
D.R.P.—314,318 
Issued—June 6, 1918 

The boiling solvent is diluted with 
water, an electrolyte is then added 
and heating is continued until the 
nitrocellulose settles out in the form 
of grains, which can easily be sep- 
arated from the supernatant liquid. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—317,412 

Issued—Oct. 26, 1917 

The dimethyl, diethyl, or B-methyl 
ester of adipic acid may be employed 
as an adhesive for articles made of 
cellulose derivatives. 


Clouth, F. 
D.R.P.—319,723 
Issued—June 12, 1917 

A plastic, gumming material con- 
tains a cellulose ester, such as cellu- 
lose acetate and anthracene oil with or 
without the admixture of a substance 
which forms a homogeneous mixture 
with anthracene oil, such as triphenyl 
phosphate, sulfanilid, triacetin, or 
ethyl lactate, anthracene oil increases 
the elasticity and waterproof qualities 
of the product. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—322,619 
Issued—March 29, 1917 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Diethyl resorcinoldicarbonate, b.p. 
298-302° C. is used for increasing the 
softness and flexibility of articles made 
from cellulose ethers. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm F. Bayer & Co. 


D.R.P.—322,648 
Issued—April 21, 1917 

B-Naphthol amyl ether, or other 
esters or ethers of phenols or naphthols 
are used as adhesives for joining 
articles made of cellulose derivatives. 


Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden, A. G. 


D.R.P.—324,786 
Issued—Aug. 29, 1917 

Esters of acyl-hydroxy-fatty acids 
are used in the preparation of lac- 
quers, etc. The ethyl ester of acetyl- 
hydroxy-acetic acid yields flexible 
films with cellulose acetate and nitro- 
cellulose forms very elastic sheets on 
treatment with the amyl ester of 
acetylglycollic acid. 


Clouth, F. 


D.R.P.—324,944 
Issued—Dec. 18, 1917 
Addn. to D.R.P. 319,723 

Other high-boiling oils, such as creo- 
sote oil, are used instead of anthracene 
oil, as described in chief patent. 


Ruth, G. & Asser, E. 


D.R.P.—327,376 
Issued—June 138, 1919 


For softening cellulose- or spirit-_ 


varnishes a castor oil substitute con- 
sisting of an ester of naphthenic acid 
with glycol or glycerol is added. 


Bonwitt, G, 


D.R.P.—331,285 
Issued—July 18, 1918 
Solvents of high b.p. such as ethyl 
lactate, acetylene tetrachloride, or 
furfural, or with mixtures of such sol- 
vents with others of low b.p., e.g. ethyl 
lactate and formate, acetylene tetra- 
chloride and acetone, cyclohexanol 
and ethyl acetate, or furfural and ether 
are used as solvents of cellulose esters. 
See also French Patent 519,536, Eng. 
Pat. 138,078. 


F 
{ 
2 
| 
4 


GERMAN PATENTS 235 


Friesenhahn, P. 


D.R.P.—334,761 
Issued—July 25, 1919 

Metallic resinates or linoleates are 
dissolved in hydrogenized phenols, 
such as the cyclohexanols or their 
esters, or in cyclohexanone and _ its 
homologues, with or without the aid 
of other solvents. Solutions of resin- 
ates of aluminium, tin, zinc, manganese 
and cobalt in cyclohexanyl formate 
are fine siccatives. 


Badische Aniline & Soda Fabrik 
D.R.P —334,871 
Issued—Feb. 10, 1914 
Addn. to 284,672 

Homologues of cyclohexanone such 
as pure methyl cyclohexanones or mix- 
tures of isomers prepared respectively 
from pure or mixed cresols, wholly or 
partially replace the cyclohexanone 
used as a solvent in the process de- 
scribed in the chief patent. 


Ruth, G. & Asser, E. 
D.R.P.—334,983 
Issued—June 13, 1919 

Cellulose esters or their solutions are 
mixed with esters of naphthenic acid. 
“Commercial pure” naphthenic acid is 
a mixture of hydroaromatic carboxylic 
acids. 


Farb. Fabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 
D.R.P.—336,476 
Issued—Feb, 15, 1918 

Cellulose ethers and their deriva- 
tives are mixed with oils or resinous 
substances obtained by the condensa- 
tion of halogenated alkyl benzenes, 
e.g. benzyl chloride, benzylidene chlo- 
ride, xylyl chloride, or p-xylylene 
chloride with naphthalene or other 
constituents of coal tar oil such as 
phenanthrene, anthracene, the xylenes, 
toluene, benzene, cymene, solvent 
naphtha, or derivatives of these. The 
resulting masses have high insulating 
power, resistance to penetration, etc. 

They are suited to manufacture of 
waterproof materials. 


Hildesheimer, A. 
D.R.P.—338,475 
Issued—April 9, 1918 


Glycol esters of fatty acids of non- 
drying oils are used together with cel- 
lulose esters in suitable solvents. The 
former confer greater flexibility than 


the corresponding glycerol esters and 


render the lacquer more proof against 
cold. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm Weiler-Ter Meer 


D.R.P.—343,162 
Issued—July 31, 1919 

A mixture of paraldehyde with ether 
is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer 


D.R.P.—343,182 
Issued—July 31, 1919 

In preparation of plastic masses 
formed by treating nitrocellulose with 
liquid mixture containing acetylated 
alkylarylamines (and in some _ in- 
stances other crystalline organic com- 
pounds) and organic acids, formic acid 
is specially suitable since it retards 
the crystallyation of the amide (eg. 
ethylacetanilid) within the _ plastic 
mass, diminishes the sensitiveness of 
the latter to moisture, prevents cloudi- 
ness caused by the addition of cam- 
phor, etc., and reduces the quantity 
of the amide required for gelatiniza- 
tion of the nitrocellulose. 


Laffler, R. J. 


D.R.P.—346,832 
Issued—Oct. 16, 1919 

The lignoproteins obtained from 
proteins and sulfite cellulose waste 
lye are added to solutions of cellulose 
compounds and the mixture molded 
prepared and hardened alternatively, 
one component of the lignoprotein 
may be added to the cellulose solution 
and the other to the precipitating bath. 
Fats, oils, dehydrating agents or filling 
materials may be added. For patent 
leather the lignoproteins are dissolved 
in ammonia. 


Farb. Fabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 


D.R.P.—347,014 
Issued—Dec. 14, 1918 

Cotton, wool and linen fabrics are 
waterproofed by impregnation with a 
solution containing a salt of a cellu- 


236 


lose-fatty acid compound and then 
after drying, treating these with a 
solution containing aluminum formate 
or other aluminum salt. Suitable cel- 
lulose compounds are obtained by 
treating the salt of a halogenated fatty 
acid (sodium chloracetate) with a 
metallic compound of cellulose. 


Chem. Fabr. Greisheim-Elektr. 
D.R.P.—348,628 
Issued—April 22, 1920 

Softening agents for use in treating 
celluloid are prepared by converting 
either the whole or part of the mix- 
ture of acid oils from most tars into 
the corresponding phosphoric acid 
esters. 


Chem. Fabr. Griesheim Elektr. 


D.R.P.—348,629 
Issued—April 22, 1920 

Softening agents for use in treating 
celluloid are prepared by converting 
a mixture of phenols containing 25- 
30% of o- or m- cresol into this cor- 
responding phosphoric acid esters. 


Bing, L. & Hildesheimer, A. 
D.R.P.—350,973 
Issued—Jan. 17, 1919 

Mono- or di-glyceryl esters of non- 
drying oils such as the monoglyceryl 
esters of castor-oil or rape oil fatty 
acids, or the diglyceryl esters of the 
fatty acids of marine animal oils, are 
added to solutions of nitrocellulose, 
for use as lacquers. 


Ges. F, Verwertung Chem. Prod. 
D.R.P.—351,103 
Issued—Nov. 27, 1919 

Plastic masses are prepared from a 
mixture of a cellulose ester (specially 
nitro cellulose) and a naphthenic acid. 


Medicus, F. 
D.R.P.—351,228 
Issued—Dec. 14, 1917 

Cinnamic acid esters, e.g. the amyl 
ester are added to cellulose esters 
either before or after solution, yield- 
ing flexible elastic lacquers. 


Koln-Rottweil, A. G. 
D.R.P.—352,905 
Issued—Nov. 27, 1918 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Mixtures of benzene with methyl 
alcohol, to which in certain cases small 
quantities of gelatinizing agents, such 
as acetone, amyl acetate, pyridine, and 
nitrobenzene are added, are used in- 
stead of the customary  benzene- 
alcohol mixture for dissolving nitro- 
cellulose. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer 


D.R.P.—353,233 
Issued—April 4, 1920 

The softness and elasticity of arti- 
ficial fabrics containing nitrocellulose 
is increased by working up the nitro- 
cellulose with the addition of acetals 
of fatty-aromatic alcohols. Benzyl 
acetal from acetaldehyde and benzyl 
alcohol, and xylyl acetal are recom- 
mended. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer 


D.R.P.—353,234 
Issued—April 13, 1920 

The softness and elasticity of arti- 
ficial fabrics containing nitrocellulose 
is increased by working up the nitro- 
cellulose with aliphatic aromatic ethers 
of polyhydric alcohols, e.g. bibenzyl, 
dixylyl, or dichlorbenxyl ethers of 
glycol, or the tribenzyl or dibenzyl 
ether of glycerol. 


Grimpe, E. 


D.R.P.—357,484 
Issued—Dec. 11, 1919 

Celluloid photographic films are 
steeped in a bath containing water- 
glass, glycerin and gum arabic, with 
or without the addition of powdered 
mica. By this the inflammability of 
the film is reduced. 


Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & 


Bruning 
D.R.P.—364,347 
Issued—June 25, 1919 | 

Paraldehyde is used as a lacquer sol- 
vent instead of alcohol. It may be 
used alone or mixed with alcohol, 
acetaldehyde, acetone or halogenated 
hydrocarbons. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 


D.R.P.—366,115 
Issued—Dec. 16, 1919 


ee ee 


Ayer 


GERMAN PATENTS 237 


Very pliable films, varnishes and 
artificial leathers which stand the cold 
well are obtained by the addition 
ethylenethiohydrin or its esters. 


Kalle & Co. 


D.R.P.—366,116 
Issued—Aug. 138, 1918 

Substances are added of composition 
R.SO..R, where R. is an aromatic 
radicle free from acid groups and R. 
is an aliphatic radicle. The methyl, 
ethyl and amyl sulphones of benzene, 
toluene and xylene and the ethyl] ester 
of phenylenesulphone acetic acid may 
be used. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 


D.R.P.—367,106 
Issued—Oct. 3, 1920 

Plastic masses containing cellulose 
esters and cyclohexanol esters of 
phthalic acid are employed for the 
manufacture of pliable films and var- 
nishes. 


Chem. Fabr. Vorm. Weiler-Ter Meer 


D.R.P—367,294 
Issued—April 14, 1921 

The solvent consists of the alkyl 
esters of unsaturated aliphatic acids, 
e.g. acrylic and crotonic acids. For 
example, nitrocellulose is dissolved in 
benzene, alcohol and ethyl crotonate or 
iso propyl acetylate. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 


D.R.P—367,560 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1920. 

In preparation of clear elastic cellu- 
loid products camphor is replaced by 
ethylidene diphenol which has a high 
solvent power for nitrocellulose and 
cellulose acetate. 


Rhenania Ver. Chem. Fabr. & Stuer, 


B. C. 
D.R.P.—368,476 
Issued—July 7, 1918 

Acetonitrite, prepared, e.g. catalytic 
reaction between acetylene and am- 
monia and subsequent separation of 
harmful by-products, is used as solvent 
for cellulose esters. In combination 
with camphor a celluloid-like mass is 
obtained. 


Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & 


Bruning 
D.R.P.—369,445 
Issued—March 27, 1920 
D.R.P.—369,446 
Issued—June 31, 1920 
Addn. to D.R.P. 366,115 

The condensation products of ali- 
phatic aldehydes with monoary! ethers 
of ethylene glycol, or with ethylene 
thiohydrin, are used as_ plasticizing 
agents for cellulose esters. 


Farbwerke Vorm. Meister, Lucius & 


Bruning 
D.R.P.—369,536 
Issued—Feb. 8, 1921 
Addn, to 367,560 

Instead of diphenols of ethylidene, 
its alkyl ethers may be used as plas- 
ticizers for cellulose esters. 


Zetter, A. 


Applied—Dec. 9, 1921 
D.R.P.—372,856 
Issued—Aug. 31, 1923 

Lacquers containing pyroxylin, al- 
cohol or other solvents, castor oil, and 
aniline dyestuffs, together with pure 
aluminum powder, which, unlike pow- 
dered mixtures of metals, does not 
cause coagulation of the solution and 
turbidity in the dry product. 


Meister, Lucius & Bruning 


D.R.P.—374,322 
Issued—June 30, 1921 

Cellulose derivatives are treated 
with the esters of aryloxy acetic acids 
or their halogen substituted deriva- 
tives and cyclohexanol or its deriva- 
tives. The cyclohexyl esters of 
phenoxyacetic acid and 2. 4. 6. trich- 
lorophenoxyacetic acid are used. 


Reitstotter, J. 


D.R.P—375,274 
Issued—June 24, 1921 

A solution of a cellulose ester in an 
organic solvent is applied to the 
article to be coated, and the latter is 
then treated with water, an aqueous 
solution of an acid being added to 
effect a preparation of the cellulose. 
By using amyl alcohol, patterns in 
relief are obtained. 


238 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Pollak, F. 
D.R.P.—375,640 
Issued—Nov. 21, 1919 
Acetone soluble cellulose acetate 1s 
treated at a moderate temperature 
with mixtures of alcohols and alde- 
hyde, preferably formaldehyde. 


Farb. Fabr. Vorm Bayer & Co. 

D.R.P.—379,343 
Issued—Oct. 30, 1921 

Plastic masses having high perma- 
nent pliability, etc., are prepared from 
cellulose esters and the condensation 
product obtained by the reaction be- 
tween equimolecular quantities of for- 
maldehyde and ethyl aceto acetate. 


Byk-Guldenwerke Chem. Fabr. A-G 
D.R.P.—381, 413 
Issued—Jan. 24, 1913 
Nitrocallulose or the like is dis- 


solved in ethyl glycollate and the 


solution diluted with a liquid hydro- 
carbon, preferably an aromatic hydro- 
carbon, such as xylene. Lacquers are 
in this way obtained yielding a 
smooth, glossy surface. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 

D.R.P.—383,699 
Issued—Aug. 11, 1922 

Cellulose acetate containing less 
than 50% of combined acetic acid is 
dissolved in mixtures of water and 
ethylene-chlorhydrin, to which other 
solvents, softeners, or resins may be 
added. Clear, non-inflammable solu- 
tions may be obtained with mixtures 
of 30-40% of ethylene-chlorhydrin and 
70-60% of water. 


Chem. Fabr. Kalk. A. m. b. H., and H. 
Oehme 
D.R.P.—391,667 
Issued—Sept. 18, 1918 

6B-Chloroethyl acetate is a good sol- 

vent for nitrocellulose and cellulose 
acetate and for various kinds of resins 
and oils. It is not attacked by water 
or metals. 


Racky, G. and Chem. Fabr. Vorm. 
Weiler-Ter Meer 
D.R.P.—391,873 
Issued—April 12, 1923 


Cellulose acetate may be gelatinized 
by treatment with diacylated amines 
for the preparation of celluloid-like 
plastic masses. Suitable substances 
are diacetylaniline and formylacetyl- 
o-toluidine. 


Chemische Fabriken Vorm Weiler-Ter 


Meer 
D.R.P.—395,703 
Issued—Sept. 16, 1922 

As a plasticizer for masses made 
from cellulose esters one adds the 
nitrogen alkylated arylide of phenol- 
oxylacetic acid, like cresolacetic acid 
ethylanilid. 


Balle, G. 


D.R.P.—395,704 
Issued—July 31, 1921 

Substances having both ester and 
ether characters such as the alkyl, 
hydroxyalkyl, aralkyl, and aryl ethers 
of o, o-dimethylol-p-cresol or esters of 
aliphatic and aromatic acids and aryl- 
sulfonic acids are incorporated with 
cellulose esters in the manufacture of 
plastic masses. 


Optional Constituents:—Methoxyl de- 


rivatives of o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol, 


‘triacetyl-o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol, di- 


acetyl-o, o’-dimethylol-p-cresol-p-tolu- 
enesulfoacid ester. 


Leysieffer, G, 


D.R.P.—396,051 
Issued—Sept. 28, 1920 

One mixes with cellulose derivatives 
calcium sulfate and such organic and 
inorganic substances, which have the 
property of reducing inflammability, 
like ammonium bromide, phosphoric 
acid esters. 


Linden-Lichtenthol, E. 


Filed—Feb. 24, 1923 
D.R.P.—397,919 
Issued—Dee. 29, 1924 

See English Patent 211,892. 


Kalle & Co. Akt. Ges. 


D.R.P.—399,074 
Issued—April 25, 1925 

Sulfoxide or disulfoxide is recom- 
mended for increasing the softness and 
elasticity of cellulose ester or cellu- 
lose ether masses. 


GERMAN PATENTS 


Racky, G. 
D.R.P.—402,752 
Issued—Jan,. 25, 1922 
Glyceryl esters containing both 
aromatic and lower aliphatic car- 


boxylic acid radicals are suitable 
gelatinizing agents for cellulose ace- 
tate. 


Type Formula: 


Monobenzoyldiacetylglycerol 


Nitrogen Corporation 


Filed—July 2, 1922 
D.R.P.—402,753 
Issued—Sept. 19, 1924 
See E.P. 189,416—1922. 
See also Can. Pat. 234,322. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 


D.R.P.—404,024 ‘ 
Filed—Oct. 10, 1922 
Issued—Oct. 16, 1924 

Condensation products of urea or 
urea derivatives with formaldehyde 
are used with cellulose esters, artificial 
or natural resins, softening agents like 
camphor or camphor derivatives, and 
a suitable solvent mixture for the 
preparation of lacquers, films, etc. 


Chemische Fabrik Schwalbach Akt.- 


Ges. 
Filed—June 24, 1923 
D.R.P.—405,025 
Issued—Oct. 23, 1924 

A celluloid lacquer, especially for 
lacquering flasks is prepared by the 
addition of aluminium powder or mica 
to a celluloid solution. 


Tetralin, G. m. b. H. 


Filed—May 14, 1921 
D.R.P.—406,013 
Issued—Nov. 138, 1924 

The adipic acid ester of cyclo- 
hexanol is used as a Cellulose ester 
plasticizer. 


Farbenfabriken Vorm F. Bayer & Co. 


D.R.P—406,426 
Issued—Jan. 30, 1923 
Addn. to 383,699 

Acetyl cellulose is dissolved with a 
small amount of 56% acetic acid in a 
mixture of monochlorhydrin§ and 


239 


water. One part of monochlorhydrin 
can be replaced by ethylenchlorhydrin. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 


D.R.P.—406,924 
Issued—April 14, 1923 

As a solvent for cellulose esters one 
may use the ester obtained by the 
hydrogenation of ketone oils contain- 
ing alcohol, mixed with high boiling 
solvents like cyclohexanol,  cyclo- 
hexanol-acetate. 


Ott, K., Schaffganz, K. 


Filed—December 13, 1923 

German Pat.—412,884 

Issued—May 1, 1925 

Assigned to Chem. Fabr. vorm. Weiler- 
ter Meer. 

In the preparation of plastic masses 
from cellulose esters, the latter are 
mixed with an alkyl ester, preferably 
the amyl ester, of o-cyanocinnamic 
acid obtained by the action of sul- 
phonic chlorides on  alpha-nitroso- 
beta-naphthol in the presence of alkali. 


Leopold, R., Michael, A. 


Filed—February 2, 1924 
German Pat—419,223 

Solvents for cellulose esters consist 
of cycloacetals either alone or mixed 
with additional substances, especially 
alcohols. Examples are: ethylene 
ethylidene ether, ethylene butylidene 
ether, acetal of 1:3 butylene glycol. 


Meyer, E., Claasen, W. 


Filed—July 23, 1924 
German Pat.—433,656 

addn. to G. P.—428,058 

Cellulose derivatives and rubber or 
a rubber-like material are used with 
tetrahydronaphtholacetate, and with or 
without the addition of other solvents, 
etc., as an impregnating material for 
paper, fabrics, wood, ete. 


Schmidt, M. P., Voss, J. 


Assigned to Kalle & Co. A.-G. 
German Pat.—434,640 
Filed—August 5, 1923 

Plasticizing effects are obtained by 


240 


adding to cellulose esters, ethers or 
thioethers of esters of glycollie acids 
or their homologs with higher alcohols, 
e.g. diamyldiglycollate or thiodiglycol- 
late, or the corresponding cyclohexanol 
esters. 


. G. Farbenind. A. G. 

Filed—October 26, 1926 

German Pat.—438,849 
Phenoxyacetarylides alkylated at the 

nitrogen atom, such as cresoxyethyl- 

acetanilid, are recommended as plas- 

ticizers. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Rosenthal, L. 


Assigned to I. G. Farbenind. A. G. 
German Pat.—439,009 
Addn. to G.P.—383,699 
Filed—January 30, 1924 

Cellulose acetate containing more 
than 50% of acetic acid 1s dissolved in 
a mixture of ethylenechlorhydrin or 
monochlorhydrin with water, the total 
water content, inclusive of that in the 
cellulose acetate, not exceeding 50% 
of the amount of chlorhydrin present. 
The resulting composition is used as a 
varnish. 


AUSTRIAN PATENTS 


Girzik, E. 

Aust. Pat —3034/13 
Issued—April 10, 1913 

In a process of waterproofing articles 
by impregnation with solutions of cel- 
lulose compounds and castor oil, 
stearic acid is added with a view to 
removing the adhesive properties (?), 
and increasing the water-resistance of 
the impregnation. 


Zuhl and Eisemann 
Aust. P.—6545 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1901 
See Eng. Pat. 11,751—1900, D.R.P. 
118,052. 


Goldscheider, A. 
Aust. P.—7052 
A plastic mass is obtained by mix- 
ing together Japan lacquer, ether, 90% 
methyl acetate and gun-cotton. Color- 
ing matter may be added. 


Zuhl and Eisemann 
Aust. Pat—9557 
Issued—July 1, 1902 
See U.S.P. 700,885, D.R.P. 128,120. 


Deutsche Celluloid Fabrik 
Aust. Pat—11,376 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1902 
See Eng. Pat. 12,863—1901, D.R.P. 
133,371; 


Zuhl and Eisemann 
Aust. Pat.—13,838 
Issued—Jan. 19, 1903 
Addition to Aust. Pat. 9557, 
Pat. 4883—1902, Eng. Pat. 
1902, 
See also French Pat. 309,962. 


Eng. 
23 ,445— 


Hale, J. 
Aust. Pat.—17,684 
Issued—Sept. 20, 1887 
See also U.S.P. 471,422, Eng. Pat. 


241 


5586—1887, Eng. Pat. 5791—1887, Fr. 
Pat. 184,548—1887. 


Kraemer and Von Elsberg Co., Ltd. 
Aust. Pat—25,570 
Issued—May 1, 1906 
A lacquer of the composition indi- 
cated below. 


Collodion wool ........ 100 parts 
Ale GiGi Ot eae Soe 450 parts 
VAGBLONGS 05% cco ees 350 parts 
ri bea Wa ae Rr a Aa 250-350 parts 
Diehlorbvdtinw ss 2ks.. 50 parts 


Claessen, C. 
Aust. Pat.—27,060 
Issued—Sept. 1, 1906 
Urea substitutes such as diphenyl 
urea, diethyldiphenyl urea and tetra- 
phenyl are recommended for use as 
camphor substitutes. 


Bonnaud, J. B. G. 
Aust. P.—27,202 
Issued—1906 
Nitrocellulose solution is mixed with 
a cooled-off solution of copal resin im 
castor oil to which lead acetate, lith- 
arge and zinc vitroil has been added. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Aust. Pat.—28,298 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1906 
See D.R.P. 169,782. 


Lederer, L. 
Aust. P.—29,219 
See D.R.P. 175,379. 


Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik 
Aust. P.—32,175 
Issued—Oct. 15, 1907 
See D.R.P. 176,474. 


Lederer, L. 
Aust. P.—34,908 
Issued—June 5, 1908 
See U.S. Patent 1,195,040. 


242 


Lederer, L. 
Aust. P.—42,440 
Issued—Jan. 15, 1910 
See Eng. Pat. 11,625—1909, French 
Pat. 402,072. 


A. Ludwig and Co. 
Aust. P.—45,239 
Issued—July 15, 1910 
A bronzing fluid composed of nitro- 
cellulose, amyl acetate, acetone and 
metal powders. 


Farbenfabr. Vorm. F. Bayer & Co. 
Aust. Pat.—46,991 
Issued—March 27, 1911 
See Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910. 
See Swiss Pat. 52,488. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Aust. P.—47,244 
Issued—Nov. 15, 1910 
See Brit. P. 8646—1910. 
See Brit. P. 8647—1910. 
See F. P. 414,679. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Aust. P._—47,679 
Films, plastic masses, etc., are pre- 
pared by treating cellulose acetate 
with phenol, cresol, or naphthol esters, 
or thio esters. 


EFichengrun, A. 
Aust. P.—47,890 
See Ger. P. 238,348. 


Fichengrun, A. 
Aust. P.—47,899 
Issued—July 1, 1910 
See U.S. Pat. 1,015,156. 
See Swiss Pat. 51,952. 


Mijnssen, Carl 
Aust. Pat.—50,656 
Issued—Noy. 11, 1911 
See U.S.P. 1,005,454. 


Meyer, Felix 
Aust. P.—51,094 
Acetyl cellulose is dissolved with 
camphor or camphor substitutes and 
then precipitated by means of a 
miscible solvent. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Wohl, A. 

Aust. P.—53,099 
Issued—Dec. 15, 1911 

A viscous solution of cellulose ace- 
tate is obtained by the use of methyl 
or ethyl formate, together with other 
solvents, if desired. 

See Fr. Pat. 425,900, D.R.P. 246,657. 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Aust. P.—53,109 
Issued—Sept. 15, 1911 
Non-inflammable photographie films 
are prepared from cellulose esters and 
esters or thioesters of phenols, cresol, 
or naphthols, or their derivatives. 
See also Aust. Pat. 47,244, Eng. Pat. 
8646—1910, Fr. Pat. 414,679, Fr. Pat. 
413,658, Sw. Pat. 51,644. 


Ver. Glanzstoffabriken, A. G. 
Aust. P.—54,512 
See F.P. 423,774 of 1910. 
See Brit. P. 29,246 of 1910. 
See D.R.P. 249,535. 


Wagishauser, K. 
Aust. P.—56,488 
Issued—June 15, 1912 

A lacquer composed of nitrocellu- 

lose, chlorethyl, or methyl alcohol, 
ethyl alcohol, benzol, castor oil, metal 
bronze, and a dye, is recommended for 
use in coating tinfoil capsules. 


Koller, G. 
Aust. P.—59,580 
Issued—1910 
See P. F.—440,143 . 
See also Eng. Pat. 4744—1911. 


Labbe, L. L. T. 
Aust. Pat.—57,706 
Issued—May 30, 1911 
Celluloid is rendered incombustible 
by the use of casein or gelatin. 


Lilienfeld, L. 
Aust. Pat.—61,055 
Issued—May 1, 1913 
See U. S. Pat. 1,140,174. 
Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 456,261. 


Beatty, W. A. 
Aust. Pat.—63,966 
Issued—Oct. 11, 1912 


AUSTRIAN PATENTS 243 


See U. S. Pat. 1,158,960. E. I. Dupont de Nemours Powder Co. 
See Eng. Pat. 18,499—1913. Aust. P.—72,493 
Issued—September 25, 1916 
Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik In the manufacture of plastic, cel- 
Aust. Pat.—64,393 luloid-like products from _ cellulose 
Issued—Dec. 1, 1913 esters, such as nitrocellulose, aldols are 
See U. S. Pat.—1,166,790. used as gelatinizing agents, with or 
Eng. Pat.—21,368—1912. without the employment of solvents, 
Eng. Pat.—23,544—1912. and with the addition of one or more 
D.R.P.—263,404. other gelatinizing agents, such as cam- 
Swiss Pat.—64,710. phor. 
Fr. Pat.—459,006. : 
Actien Gesellschaft f. Anilin Fabrika- Austerweil, G. 
tion Aust. P.—78,982 
Aust. Pat —69,916 Acetyl cellulose is dissolved in ethyl 
Issued—Noy. 1, 1914 ester of glycollic acid or acetyl glycol- 
Nitrocellulose solutions are obtained lic acid, alone or with other organic 
_ with chlorine derivatives of ethylene. liquids, 
Type Formula: 
Nitrocellulose ix) .i. isn 0. 1 part 
Trichlorethylene .......... 10 parts Pfiffner, E., Eschinglek, M. 
IGP ROGRtEL 22). Aldisls das 2 parts Filed—November 15, 1924 
DOR COR Be tis iy 5 8 ss 1 part Austrian Pat.—99,665 


See also Eng. Pat. 17,953—1913. See Eng. Pat—231,161. 


Swiss PATENTS 


Schlitter, G. 

Swiss Pat.—47,559 
Issued—March 31, 1909 

Nitrocellulose is dissolved in a sol- 
vent mixture composed of methanol, 
benzol, and ethyl alcohol. Castor oil 
and zine white or bronze powder may 
be added to the mixture. 


Farb. Fabr. Vorm. Bayer & Co. 
Swiss Pat.—48,975 
A lacquer for leather, golf balls, etc. 
To an acetyl cellulose solution there 
are added finely divided metal powder 
and a pigment carrier or coloring mat- 
ter, 


Merckens, W. & Manissadjian, H. B. 
Swiss Pat.—51,644 
Issued—March 14, 1910 
Celluloid like masses are rendered 
noninflammable by the use of phenol 
esters. 
See also French Pat. 413,658. 
French Pat. 414,679. 
Eng. Pat. 8646—1910. 
Aust. Pat. 47,244. 
Aust. Pat. 53,109. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Swiss Pat.—51,952 
Issued—January 10, 1910 
See U.S. Pat. 1,015,156. 
Aust. Pat. 47,899. 


Eichengrun, A. 
Swiss Pat—52,115 
Issued—January 10, 1910 
Cellulose acetate is dissolved in ace- 
tone or acetic ester or mixtures of 
these, in the preparation of celluloid 
like plastic masses. 

Optional Constituents:—Methanol, to- 
luol, ethyl acetanilid, epichlorhydrin, 
benzol, creosote, toluol sulfonic acid 
ethyl ester, acetylene tetrachloride, 
toluol sulfonamid. 


Farbenfabriken v. F. Bayer & Co. 
Swiss Pat.—52,273 
Issued—July 16, 1910 
See Eng. Pat. 16,932—1910. 
See also French Pat. 418,309. 


Farbenfabriken v. F. Bayer & Co. 
Swiss Pat.—52,438 
Issued—June 16, 1910 
See Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910. 
See also Aust. Pat. 46,991. 


Kohler, J. R. 
Filed—January 30, 1920 
Swiss Pat.—53,760 
Issued—February 14, 1923 

A lacquer is prepared by dissolving 

a mixture of oxidized amorphous resin 
acid with cellulose ester, celluloid, 
etc., in ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, 
acetone, etc. 


Medveczky, S. de 
Swiss P—58,686 
See F. P. 436,245. 
See E. P. 27,283 of 1911. 
See Ger. P. 239,773. 


Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik 
Swiss Pat.—59,164 
Issued—March 1, 1912 
See U.S.P.—1,045,895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. 
D.R.P, 251.851 


Carls, H. & Ebert, C. L. 
Swiss Pat—60,988 
Issued—June 5, 1912 
An adhesive of the composition indi- 
cated below. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid: wéi.¥s 8s eva 5 parts 
Alcohol : /..4533s30 eee 4 parts 
Gum ‘mastid :asen eee 1 part 
Acetic acid” (0. ue.eis eee 90 parts 


Badische Anilin and Soda Fabrik 
Swiss Pat—é61,611 
Issued—March 1, 1912 


244 


SWISS PATENTS 


Esters of cyclopentanols, such as 
beta-methyl cyclopentanol acetate, are 
recommended for use as solvents for 
nitrocellulose. 

Addition to Sw. Pat. 59,164. 

See also U.S.P.—1,045,895. 

English Pat. 3869—1912. 

D.R.P. 255,692. 


Compagnie Gen. de Phon, Cinemato-et 
Appareils de Precision 
Swiss P.—61,929 
Issued—June 1, 1912 
A flexible compound for the manu- 
facture of cinematograph films is pre- 
pared from a solution of a cellulose 
ester, such as acetyl cellulose, in an 
ether oxide of glycerol, such as 


CH.OR 0 ee 

a 
CH-O or CHO FO 
| A 
CH. / CH, / 


Dupont de Nemours Powder Co., E. I. 
Swiss P.—63,136 
For gelatinizing of nitrocellulose, 
use is made of an aldehyde alcohol, 
for instance acetaldol. 
See F. P. 449,606. 
See E.P. 22,623 of 1912. 
DAP. 202,951: 
US.P.—1,082,573. 


Dupont de Nemours Co., E. I. 
Swiss P.—63,137 
See E.P—22,622 of 1912. 
See also U.S.P.—1,234,921. 


Dreyfus, H. 

Swiss P.—63,584 

Nitrocellulose is dissolved in tetra- 
chlorethane, or one may use a mix- 
ture of trichlorethane and alcohol in 
presence of other derivatives of chlori- 
nated acetylene or a mixture of tetra- 
chlorethane and pentachlorethane. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Swiss Patent—63,585 
Issued—September 25, 1911 
A process of manufacturing a sub- 
stitute for celluloid by treating at least 
1 cellulose ester with at least 1 phe- 
nol ether not containing free phenol 


245 


hydroxyl and not reacting with the 
cellulose ester employed. 


Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik 
Swiss Pat.—64,710 
Issued—June 12, 1913 
See US. Pat. 1,166,790. 
D.R.P.—263,404. 
Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912. 
Aust. Pat—64,393. 


Dreyfus, H. 
Swiss P.—65,057 
As camphor substitute there is used 
aromatic alcohol: benzyl alcohol, o-, 
m- or p-chlor benzyl alcohol, or mix- 
tures of these. 


Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. 
Swiss Pat—65,138 
Issued—July 4, 1913 

See U.S. Pat —1,090,644. 
French Pat. 459,540. 


Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. 
Swiss Pat—65,139 
Issued—July 4, 1913 

See US. Pat. 1,090,642. 
French Pat. 459,542. 


Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. 
Swiss Pat.—65,459, 
Issued—July 4, 1913. 

See US. Pat. 1,090,643. 
French Pat. 459,539. 


Nobel’s Explosives Co., Ltd. 
Swiss Pat.—65,925 
Issued—July 4, 1913 

See US. Pat. 1,090,641. 
French Pat. 459,541. 


Actien-Gesellschaft f. Anilin-Fabrik, 
Swiss Pat.—66,488 
Issued—Oct. 31, 1913 
Cellulose acetate is dissolved in a 
mixture of amyl alcohol and tetra- 
chlorethane. 


Akt. Ges. f. Anilin Fabrik. 
Swiss P.—66,509 
Nitrocellulose is dissolved in any 
organic solvent (e.g. amyl acetate or 
acetone) and in liquid chloro-deriva- 
tives of hydrocarbons which alone are 


246 


not solvents, but may be added in 
great concentration. 
Type Formula: 


Nitrocellulose ............. 1 part 
Amyl acetate ...ccsssscess 2 parts 
Trichlorethylene ........... 10 parts 
Acetone . Cok aah foie ake 1 part 
Optional Constitwents:—Dichlorethyl- 


ene, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethane, 
pentachlorethane. 


Chem. Werke, H. Byk. 
Swiss P.—66,510 
Organic cellulose esters are very 
soluble in lactic acid esters. Large 
concentrations of resins, camphor and 
its substitutes may be added. 
Type Formula: 


Acetyl cellulose ........... 10 parts 
Ethyl lactate ..03 bakers es 50 parts 
Benzene 5 sas Vi awe Hanes 30 parts 


Optional Constituents:—Acetone, copal, 
sandarac, colophony. 


Strauss, R. 
Swiss Pat.—67,591 
Issued—January 27, 1914 
A composition recommended for use 
as a furniture polish. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid) ts ctaw Fees 25 parts 
Acetone .isiscaohen ieee 140 parts 
Ethyl ‘aleohol- 7.55, ere 90 parts 


Chem. Werke. H. Byk. 
Swiss P.—67,708 
Add’n to Swiss P. 66,510. 

Cellulose esters are dissolved in lac- 
tic acid esters in presence of aromatic 
hydrocarbons or others. 

Type Formula: 


Collodion wool y.c5.603 5. vanes 5 parts 
Tht atta te ta cae cdes 36 parts 
MR VlOL Siete petaeeor ae eee 78 parts 


J. Simon & Durkheim 
Swiss P.—76,546 
Issued—January 2, 1918 
Celluloid is softened by treating 
during or after manufacture with a 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


bath of 1% potassium lactate of sp. 
gr. 1.45, calculated to the wt. of cellu- 
loid material. 


J. Simon & Durkheim 

Swiss P.—76,547 
Issued—January 2, 1918 

Celluloid is softened by treating dur- 
ing or after manufacture in a bath 
containing 1% glycol of sp. gr. 1.12, 
caled. to the wt. of the material and 
then drying. 


Chem. Fab. Kalk. Gesmit Beschrankter 
Haftnung and H. Oehme 
Filed—Sept. 15, 1919 
Swiss Pat.—s85,868 
Issued—July 16, 1920 
Cellulose esters, resins, oils, and the 
like may be dissolved in £-chlorethyl- 
acetic ester. 


Stossel and Company 
Filed—Nov. 4, 1919 
Swiss Pat.—86,853 
Issued—Oct. 1, 1920 
An adhesive of the following com- 
position. 
Type Formula: 


Celluloid: ..3 <. 3m Baa eee 50% 
' Acetone .¢s2+.4aceen eee 30% 
Bengzine ....:eneseepeeee 20% 


Plinatus, W. 
Filed—December 7, 1914 
Sw. P.—95,376 
Issued—Aug. 1, 1922 
Cellulose esters are gelatinized by 
means of organic esters of polyvalent 
alcohols. 
See also Fr. Pat.—581,177. 


I, G. Farbenind. A. G., 

Filed—February 18, 1925 
Swiss Pat.—115,116 

Aqueous suspensions of dyestuffs are 
mixed with cellulose ester solutions 
compatible with the water so intro- 
duced. A typical solvent mixture is 
acetone, butyl alcohol, cyclohexanol, 
cyclohexyl acetate, and butyl acetate. 


JAPANESE PATENTS 


Nitta, S. 
Jap. P.—32,242 
Issued—February 22, 1918 

Nitrated cotton is dissolved in a 
solvent such as amyl acetate, ethyl 
acetate, benzene, or nitrobenzene. 


Kanamori, A. 
Jap. P.—34,855 
Issued—August 16, 1920 

In presence of carbide at about 250° 
C., fatty acids (e.g. acetic acid) and 
monovalent alcohols (e.g., methanol) 
react with each other, producing ke- 
tones (acetone) and esters (methyl 
acetate), which are used for the sol- 
vent. In case of amyl alcohol, opera- 
tion under reduced pressure will give 
good yields. 


Inagaki, I, & Otsuka, C. 
Jap. P.—37,972 
Issued—February 3, 1921 
A waterproof cloth is prepared as 


247 


follows: A mixture of 1 part linseed 
oil, 10% castor oil, 50% oil of turpen- 
tine and 40% cellulose acetate is 
mixed with a half quantity of a mix- 
ture of aqueous solution of gelatin and 
glue, and ammoniacal solution of 
casein and then small quantity of dil. 
alkali to clear the solution. The mix- 
ture is painted on a cloth and on this 
an alc. solution of shellac and astrin- 
gent juice prepared from persimmons 
is painted and dried. 


Shishedo, K. & Matsubara, K. 


Jap. P.—42,553 
Issued—May 10, 1922 
Dope for aeroplanes. 


Type Formula: 


Amy) acetate is .5 veveeexs 100 parts 
Cel 4 esi casts ce ae 5 parts 
Alcohol 


Sol. obtained by treating 
750 gms, bird lime with 1 
Ibspetheria., tse se 31% parts 


DutcH PATENT 


Badisch Anilin und Soda Fabrik. completely hydrat ed chen a 
Dutch P.—103 cyclopentanols are used as so 
Issued—January 15, 1914 ‘ Type Formula: ~ “ye 


In the manufacture of glue from cel- _— Nitrocellulose ...... 
lulose esters or celluloids, esters of | Cyclohexanol acetate.. 


248 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE [,ACQUER 
LITERATURE 


BOOKS 


. Synthetic Organic Compounds. By S. P. Schotz. Published by Ernest Benn, 


Ltd. 

Nitrocellulose Technology (1911), two volumes. By E. C. Worden. Pub- 
lished by D. Van Nostrand Company. 

Technology of Cellulose Esters (1921). By E. C. Worden. Published by 
D. Van Nostrand Company. 

Chemistry of Paints, Pigments and Varnishes. By J. G. Bearn. 277 pages. 
Published by D. Van Nostrand Company (1923). 

Oils, Pigments, Paints, Varnishes, etc. By R. H. Truelove. Published by Sir 
Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd., London. 

Physical and Chemical Examination of Paints, Varnishes and Colors. By H. A. 
Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manuf. Assoc. 

Practical Directions for the Entire Lacquer and Paint Industry. By L. E. 
Andres. 

British Standard of Reference for Aircraft Dope and Protective Covering 
(Including Specification for Each Ingredient and Method of Application). 
Pyroxylin Enamels and Lacquers. S. P. Wilson, Published by D. Van Nos- 
trand Co., New York, 1925. 213 pages. Second Edition (1927). 

Cellulose Ester Varnishes. F. Sproxton. Published by Ernest Benn, Ltd., 
London. 178 pages (1925). 


. Volatile Solvents and Thinners. Noel Heaton. Published by D. Van Nos- 


trand Co., New York. 158 pages (1926). 


. Modern Automobile Painting. By M. J. Pearce. 
. Wood Finishing—Plain and Decorative. By F. N. Vanderwalker. 
. Farben und Lackindustrie Taschenbuch. By Hans Wolff and W. Schlick. 


Handbuch der Lack und Firnis-Industrie. By Franz Seligman and Emil Zieke. 


. Die Fabrikation der Lacke, Firnisse, Buchdrucker-Firnisse und des Siegellackes. 


By Erwin Andres. 
BULLETINS 


. Quick Drying Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner, U. S. Paint and Varnish 


Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 65. June, 1919. 


. Phenomena in Paints and Varnishes Induced by Colloidal Reactions. By H. A. 


Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 200. March, 
1924. 


. Suggestions Regarding Some Pyroxylin Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. 


U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 203. May, 1924. 


. Some Attempts to Obtain More Durable Automobile Finishes. By H. C. 


Mougey. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 207. July, 
1924. 


. Suggestions on a Lacquer Coating Solvent. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint 


and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 209, Aug., 1924. 
249 


250 


27. 


28. 


29. 


30. 
31. 


32. 
33. 


34. 


30. 
36. 


37. 
38. 
39. 
40. 


41. 


42. 


43. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Speed of Evaporation of Solvents from Pyroxylin Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. 
Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 218, 
Nov., 1924. 


. Ethyl Lactate. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. 


No. 225. Jan., 1925. 


. Accelerated Testing Cabinets. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish 


Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 226 Feb., 1925. 


. Examination of Pyroxylin Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint 


and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Circ. No. 227. Feb., 1925. 
A Study of the Hardness of Varnish and Other Films. By H. A. Gardner and 
H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 228. 
Mar., 1925. 
The Swinging Beam Method of Testing Varnish Films. By P. H. Walker and 
L. L. Steele. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 229. 
Mar., 1925. 
Preliminary Comparison of Results on Coatings Exposed to Accelerated Test- 
ing Cabinets and on Roof. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint 
and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 232. April, 1925. 
Latent Heat of Vaporization of Lacquer Solvents. By H. A. Gardner and 
H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 236. 
April, 1925. 
Vapor Pressure of Lacquer Solvents. By H. C. Parks and H. A. Gardner. 
U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 237. April, 1925. 
A New Apparatus for Testing Strength and Elasticity of Paint, Varnish and 
Lacquer Films. By H. A. Gardner, U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers 
Assoc. Circ. No. 240. June, 1925. 
Tests for Hardness, Gloss, Color and Leveling of Varnishes. By A. H. Pfund. 
Published by U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. 
The Abrasion Resistance of Varnishes. By W. C. Arsem. U. S. Paint and 
Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 244. Aug., 1925. 
Bulking Value of Nitrated Cotton in Lacquer, and Spreading Rate of Colored 
Brushing Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufac- 
turers Assoc. Circ. No. 247. 
Tetralin-Dekalin-Hexalin as Solvents and Thinners. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. 
Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 248 (1925). 
Physiological Effects of Vapors from a Few Solvents Used in Paints, Varnishes 
and Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers 
Assoc. Cire. No. 250. Oct., 1925. 
Exposure Tests on Some Quick-Drying Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. 
U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 251., Nov., 1925. 
Durability of a Colored Lacquer Containing Various Resins. By H. A. Gardner. 
U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 252. Oct., 1925. 
Physical Tests on Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U.S. Paint 
and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 253. Nov., 1925. 
Synthetic Resins and.Their Use in Varnishes and Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. 
U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 261. Feb., 1926. 
An Apparatus for Determining the Consistency of Paints, Enamels and Pig- 
mented Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. Parks. U. 8S. Paint and 
Varnish Manufacturers Association. Circ. No. 265. 
Refractive Index of Lacquer Solvents and Plasticizers. By H. C. Parks and 
A. W. Van Heuckeroth. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. 
Cire. No. 266. 
Bulking Values of Ingredients Used in Paints, Varnishes, Enamels and Lacquers. 
By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. 
No. 268. 

250 


44, 
45. 


46. 


47. 


48. 


49. 


50. 


dl. 


52. 


53. 


54. 


55. 
56. 
57. 
58. 


59. 


60. 


61. 


62. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 251 


Regulations on Lacquer Finishes. U. S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers 
Association. Cire. No. 273. 

Durability of Airplane Doping and Varnishing Systems. By H. A. Gardner. 
U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Association. Cire. No. 274. 

Lacquer Coating for Floors—Lacquer Primer Tests on Exterior Wood and 
Wicker. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Associa- ° 
tion. Circ. No. 276. Suggestions are made for the development of exterior 
lacquers that might prove suitable for use upon wooden surfaces. 

Durability of Pigmented Lacquers Containing Various Resins. By H. A. 
Gardner and J. B. Faust. U.S. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association. 
Cire. No. 277. Final exposure results on lacquers containing various gums and 
plasticizers are given. 

Physical Properties of Films Prepared from Nitrocellulose of Low Viscosity and 
the Effects of Concentration upon Mobility. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint 
and Varnish Manufacturers Association. Cire. No. 284. Tests made on lacquer 
prepared from one-fifth second cotton are described. 

Storage and Handling of Inflammable Lacquer Materials. By H. A. Gardner. 
U. 8. Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Assoc. Cire. No. 285. Also Paint, Oul 
and Chemical Review, 82, No. 13, p. 10; Latest information on approved 
methods of handling and storing of lacquer materials. 

Application of Accelerated Tests to Lacquers. By F. W. Hopkins. U.S. Paint 
and Varnish Mfrs. Association. Cire. No. 290. A description of the type of 
apparatus used by the Murphy Varnish Co. for testing lacquer films by means 
of the ultra violet ray. 

Laboratory Experiments on Ethylene and Propylene Glycol Ethers. By H. A. 
Gardner and A. W. Van Heuckeroth. U. 8. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. 
Cire. No. 302. Contains information on odorless brushing lacquers. 
Laboratory Notes. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. 
Circ. No. 306. A number of devices useful in a lacquer or paint laboratory are 
described. 

History of Brushing Lacquers. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint and Varnish 
Mfrs. Assoc. Cir. No. 306. 

The Measurement of the Gloss of Paints by the Ingersoll Glarimeter. By E. F. 
Hickson. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 307. Describes the 
glarimeter and discusses its applicability to paint and varnish testing. 

The Hiding Power of White Pigments and Paints. By A. H. Pfund. Research 
Bulletin, The New Jersey Zinc Company. 

Some Physical Properties of Paint and Varnish Films. By H. A. Nelson and 
G. W. Rundle. Research Bulletin, The New Jersey Zinc Company. 

Zinc as a Paint Pigment. By W.H. Hendricks. Research Bulletin of the New 
Jersey Zinc Company. 

A New Thinner for Paints, Varnishes and Lacquers. By P. H. Groggins. U.S. 
Paint & Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ. No. 311. Discusses the use of paracymene. 
Notes on Temperature and Humidity Control Cabinets. By H. A. Gardner. 
U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Cire. No. 310. Summarizes information 
relating to the type of humidity control cabinets. 

Ethyl Abietate as a Plasticizer. Anon. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. 
Circ. No. 318 (1927), p. 489. | 

Some Exposure Tests on the Durability of Resins and Plasticizers in Lacquers. 
By H. A. Gardner and Van Heuckeroth. U.S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. 
Cire. No. 316. 

Pigments in Nitrocellulose Lacquer Enamels. By Harley A. Nelson and 
Wayne C. Norris. New Jersey Zinc Company Bulletin, Sept. (1927). 


252 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


ARTICLES 


_ Observations on Cotton and Nitrated Cotton. By H. De Mosenthal. J. Soc. 


Chem. Ind., 26, 443-50 (1907). 


. The Viscosity of Cellulose Nitrate Solutions. By F. Baker. J. Chem. Soc., 103, 


1654-75 (1913). 


. Chemistry of Cellulose and Its Important Industrial Applications. By H. 8. 


Mork. J. Franklin Inst., 184, 353-70 (1917). 

Airplane Dopes. By G. J. Esselsen, Jr. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 10, 135-7 (1918). 
Quick Drying Lacquer Coatings. By H. A. Gardner. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 
35, 48 (1919). 


. Valuation of Pyroxylin Solvents and Leather Solution. By J. R. Lorenz. 


J. Am. Leather Chem. Assoc., 14, 548-66 (1919). 


. The Action of Light on Colored Brass Lacquers. By H. Smith. J. Soc. Chem. 


Ind., 20, 1188 (1901). 


. Dope Poisoning in the Making of Airplanes. By Alice Hamilton. Mo. Rev. 


Bur. Labor Statistics, 6, 289-316 (1918). 


. New Materials for the Lacquer Industry. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg. 24, 


653-4 (1919). 


. Zapon and “Cellon” Lacquers and Their Solvents. By F. Zimmer. Farben-Ztg., 


23, 331-3 (1918). 


. The Solubility of Nitrocellulose. By Major D. Goebel. Stepanow. Techn. 


Sbornik, 17, 73. 
Celluloid Varnishes. Anon. Paper Zevt., 17, 2, 138. 


. Silk Effects on Cotton. By A. Chaplet. Rev. gen. chim., 11, 314. 
. The Viscosity of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By C. Piest. Z. ges. Schitess- 


Sprengstoffw., 5, 409-13. 


968-72. 
Celluloid and “Zapon” Lacquers. By F. Zimmer. Kunststoffe, 1912, 16. 


. Preservation of Decayed Papers and Parchments by Treatment with Cellulose 


Acetate. By A. Martens. Mitt. K. Materialprufungsamt, 29, 57-60 (1911). 


. Solubility of Nitrocellulose in Ether-Alcohol. By A. Matteoschat. Z. ges. 


Schiess-Sprengstoffw., 9, 105-6. 


. Analysis of “Zapon” and Celluloid Lacquers. By F. Zimmer. Kumnststoffe, 3, 


323-5. 


. The Viscosity of Camphor-Alcohol Solutions of Nitrocellulose. By H. Nishida. 


Kunststoffe, 4, 81-4, 105-8. 


. Pyroxylin Varnishes. Anon. Brit. J. Phot., thru Pharm. J., 1898, 61 (1483), 


504. 


. Varnish for Waterproofing Paper, Cardboard, Cloth, and also for Painting. 
By S. de la Grange. Rev. Prod. Chim., 44 (21), 325. 
. Varnishes and Coatings of Cellulose Acetate. By L. Clement and C. Riviere. 


Bull. soc. encour. ind. nat., 121, 187-206 (1914). 


. Solubility of the Nitrocelluloses in Ethyl Aleohol. By H. Schwarz. Caouwtchouc 


& Gutta-Percha, 124, 3859-60 (1914). 


. The Production of Celluloid Coatings. Anon. Kunststoffe, 5, 291-2 (1915). 
. Durable Lacquer for Laboratory Tables. By A. Coblenz. Rad. Gew. u. Handw. 


Ztg.; Apoth. Ztg., 53, 65 (1915); J. pharm. chim., 13, 81 (1916). 


. The Toxicity or Health-Injurious Properties of the Newer Lacquer Solvents. 


By H. Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 23, 1023 (1918). 


. Solvents for Nitrocellulose. By Andre Dubosc. Caoutchouc & Gutta-Percha, 


16, 9716 (1919). 


. Viscosity of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By C. Piest. Z. angew. Chem., 24, 


101. 


102. 


103. 
104. 
105. 


106. 
107. 


108. 
109. 
11¢. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 


117. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 253 


. Use of Aniline Colours Dissolved in Collodion. By F. Springmuhl, Dingl. 


Poly., 205, 277. 


. Viscosity of Solutions of Nitrocellulose in Mixtures of Acetone and Water. 


By I. Masson and R. McCall. J. Chem. Soc., 117, 819-23 (1920). 


. The Viscosity of Solutions of Cellulose. By Wm. H. Gibson and Laura M. 


Jacobs. J. Chem. Soc., 117, 473-8 (1920). 


. Artificial Leather and Coated Fabrics. Anon. Chem. and Met. Engr., 23, 


487-88 (1920). 


. Chemistry of Aeronautics. By A. W. Chapman. Chem. Age (London), 2, 


438-9 (1920). 


. Chemistry of Cellulose and Its Compounds from the Colloidal Standpoint. 


By G. J. Esselen, Jr. Chem. and Met. Engr., 23, 861 (1920). 


. Cellulose Acetate. By Genton and Berry. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 20 


I, 16-22, Sept. (1920). 


. Material and Dope for the Planes of Aeroplanes. By A. Fuchs. Chimie et 


Industrie, 3, 167-72 (1920). 


. New Synthetic Alcohols and Their Use in the Lacquer Industry. By Walther 


Schrauth. Farben-Ztg., 26, 647-8 (1920). 


. Solvent Mediums and the Character of the Lacquer. By Hans Wolff. Farben- 


Ztg., 25, 668-71 (1920). 

Stress-Strain Measurements on Films of Drying Oils, Paints and: Varnishes. 
By H. A. Nelson. Proc. Am. Soc. Testing Materials, 21, 1111-38 (1921). 

Water Absorbing Properties of Varnishes and Paints. Determining the Dura- 
bility of Varnishes. By R. S.*Morrell. J. Ow Colour Chem. Assoc., 4, 1380-57 
(1921). 

Solvents for Cellulose Esters. By H. F. Willkie, Chem. and Met. Eng., 25, 
1186-88 (1921). 

European Practice in Cellulose Acetate and Dopes During the War. By Philip 
Drinker. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 13, 831 (1921). 

The Relation of the Chemical Engineer to the Manufacture and Application of 
Automobile Finishes. By C. D. Holley. Chem. and Met. Eng., 25, 873-6 (1921). 
The Testing of Varnishes. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 26, 1186-7 (1921). 
The Testing of Varnishes. (1) A Method of Testing Elasticity. By Hans Wolff. 
Farben-Ztg., 26, 2587-90 (1921). 

The Testing of Varnishes. (II) Testing the Resistance to Abrasion. By Hans 
Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 26, 3111-2 (1921). 

The Testing of Warichtes, ae Hardness Testing. By Hans Wolff. Farben- 
Ztg., 27, 555-6 (1921). 

Cellulose Ester Lacquers. By Mehrens. Kunststoffe, 12, 99-100 and 105-6 
(1921). 

Viscosity of Nitrocellulose. By E. C Worden and Leo Rutstein. Kunststoffe., 
11, 25-28 (1921). 

Nitrocellulose Lacquers. R. O. Herzog, A. Hildesheimer and F. Medicus. 
Z. Angew. Chem., 34, Aufsatzterl, 57-60 (1921). 

Numerical Tabulation and Comparison of Varnish Tests. By T. A. Findlay. 
Proc. Amer. Soc. Testing Materials, 22, I, 479-82 (1922). 

Manufacture of Cellulose Nitrate for Pyroxylin Plastics. By J. R. DuPont. 
Chem. and Met. Eng., 26, 11-16; 65-70 (1922). 

Commercial Utilization of Smokeless Powder. Anon. Army Ordnance, 2, 223 
(1922). 

Lacquers, Japans, and Enamels. Anon. Brass World and Platers’ Guide, 18, 
66, February, 1922. 

Accelerated Weathering of Paints on Wood and Metal Surfaces. By H. A. 


Nelson. Am. Soc. for Testing Materials, 22, Part II, 1922, p. 485. 


254 


118. 
119. 


120. 
121. 


122. 
123. 


124. 
125. 


126. 
127. 


128. 
129. 
130. 
131. 
132. 
133. 
134. 
135. 
136. 
137. 
138. 
139. 
140. 
141. 
142. 
143. 
144. 


145. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Clouding. By J. F. Nonamaker. Brass World and Platers’ Guide, 18, 66 (1922). 
Testing the Drying of Lacquers, Varnishes, etc. By Hans Wolff. Kunststoffe, 
12, 145-7 (1922). 

Effect of Solvent on the Character of Lacquer Films. By Hans Wolff. 
Farben-Ztg., 27, 2086-7 (1922). 

The Evaporation of Volatile Solvents. By Hans Wolff and Ch. Dorn. Farben- 
Ztg., 28, 31-3 (1922). 

Fine Industrial Lacquers. By Fr. Zimmer. Z. dent Olfett-Ind., 42, 696-8 (1922). 
The Correlation of Solvent Power and the Viscosity of Cellulose Ester Solu- - 
tions. By W. J. Mardles. J. Soc. Chem. Industry, 42, 207-11T (1923). 
Artificial Resins, Varnishes and Lacquers. By Rex Furness. J. Soc. Chem. Ind., 
42, 1000 (1923). 

Rubber Solvents (Including Lacquers). By Ismar Ginsberg. Rubber Age, 13, 
264-5, 260 (1923). | 

Cellulose Ester Solvents. By E. W. J. Mardles. J. S.C. I., 42, 127-86T (1923). 
The Solvent Properties of Acetone. R. F. Remler. J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 15, 
717-720 (1923). 

Discussion of Two Essentials Necessary in Building up an Automobile Finish. 
By J. L. Gates. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 3, p. 52 (1923). 
Treatise on Lacquer Finishing. By C. Ludwig. Automobile Trimmer and 
Painter, 3, No. 11, p. 52 (1928). 

New Product May Solve Body Finishing Problem. By O. H. Briggs, Auto- 
motive Mfrs., Aug., 1923, p. 12-13. 

Manufacture of Rubber and Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics Differs Widely. Anon. 
Automotive Industries, 49, 794-7. October 18 (1923). ; 

Duco Finish, New DuPont Product. Anon. Automotive Industries, 48, 1125, 
May 24 (1923). 

How Qualities of Coated Automobile Fabrics Are Determined. By E. B. 
Benger and N. M. Nickowitz. Automotive Industries, 49, 1262-6; 1306-8, 
December 20 and 27, 1923. 

Lacquer and Lacquering. By H. Zeller. Metal Industry, 21, 444-5 (1923). 
Exceptional Durability Is Claimed for New Body Finish. By H. A. Chase. 
Automotive Industries, 49, 158-9 (1923). 

Labor Costs Halved by Use of Duco in Finishing Oakland Bodies. By W. L. 
Carver. Automotive Industries, 49, 524-6 (1923). 

Testing of Varnishes and Paints, Especially the Testing for Durability to 
Weather. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Zig., 28, 704-5 (1923). 

Albertol. The Present Condition of the German Artificial Vlastic Industry. 
By E. Fonrobert. Kunststoffe, 13, 109-22 (1923). 

Rubber and Its Solvents (Includes Lacquers). By E. O. Rasser. Kunststoffe, 
13, 18-20, 31-32, 42-43 (1923). 

Colored Lacquers and Their Manufacture. By Maurice de Keghel. Kunst- 
stoffe, 13, 28-30 (1923). 

Comparative Tests on Shellac Substitutes for Polishes and Gloss Lacquers. 
By Ewald Fonrobert. Chem.-Ztg., 47, 829-30 (1923). 

The Lacquering of Sheet Metal. Anon. Farb. u. Lack., Sept. 14, 1922, p. 308. 
Chimie et Industrie, 10, 126 (1923). 

Poisoning Symptoms from the Solvents of Airplane Lacquers. By H. W. Van 
Urk. Pharm. Weekblad., 60, 293-6 (1923). 

Lacquers Which Resist the Action of Weak Acid Solutions. By Andres 
Farben-Ztg., 28, 1260-1 (1923). 

Shellac Substitutes and New Processes in the Wood Industries and Especially 
in Cabinet Making. Anon. Farb. u. Lack, 1922, p. 369. Chimie et Industrie, 
10, 323 (1923). 


1 a ge eG a, 


146. 
147. 
148. 
149. 
150. 
151. 
152. 
153. 
154. 
155. 
156. 
157. 
158. 
159. 
160. 
161. 
162. 
163. 
164. 
165. 
166. 
167. 
168. 
169. 
170. 


171. 
172. 


173. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 255 


Physical Tests on Some Commercial Varnishes. By H. A. Gardner and H. C. 
Parks, Am. Arc., 126, 523-4, Dec. 3, 1924. 

Suggestions Regarding Some Pyroxylin Coating Materials. By H. A. Gardner. 
J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists, 40, p. 241, July, 1924. 

Importance of Position in Weather Tests. By P. H. Walker. J. Ind. Eng. 
Chem., 16, 528 (1924). 

A series of articles in the Technical Department of the American Paint 
Journal. Beginning Oct. 20, 1924. 

Ultra-Violet Rays Used to Test Body Fabrics and Finishes. By W. L. Carver. 
Automotive Industries, 50, p. 1011-4, May 8, 1924. 

Directions for the Study of Varnished Cotton Cloth. Anon. J. Institution of 
Electrical Engineers, 62, p. 173-7 (1924). 

Directions for the Study of Varnished Paper and Varnished Fabric Boards and 
Tubes. Anon. J. Institution Electrical Engineers, 62, p. 160-72, February, 1924. 
Varnish Studies; Relationship of Physical Tests and Chemical Composition to 
Durability. By W. T. Pierce. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, p. 681-4, July, 1924. 

The Story of Butanol. C. L. Gabriel. Paint, Oil and Chem. Review, 78, 
No. 6, p. 13-14 (1924). 

Denatured Alcohol in the Paint and Varnish Industry. By H. W. Haines. 
Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 11, 10-11 (1924). 

Pyroxylin Finishes. By Hillrick. Motor Vehicle Monthly, November, 1924, 
p. 34. 

Actual Experience with Pyroxylin Enamels. By T. W. Price. Automobile 
Trimmer and Painter, 3, No. 10, p. 30 (1924). 

Lacquer Finish Fast Increasing in Favor. By K. W. Lansing. Automobile 
Trommer and Painter, 3, No. 8, p. 63-69 (1924). 

Facts About Wood Lacquers. By W. G. Schmidt. Industrial Finishing, 
November, 1924, p. 58. 
Some causes of an Unsatisfactory Lacquered Finish. By J. K. Cooper. Indus- 
trial Finishing, November, 1924, p. 57. 

Removing Finish to Prepare Surface for Lacquer. By J. K. Cooper. Industrial 
Finishing, December, 1924, p. 18. 

Automobile Body Finish. Anon. Autobody. July, 1924. 

Application of Duco. Anon. Motor World. November 13, 1924, p. 26. 

A Glossy Pyroxylin Finish. Anon. Automotive Industries, September 18, 
1924, p. 526. 

Automobile Body Finishes. Anon. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, 
No. 6, p. 49 (1924). 

New Development in More Durable Finishes. Anon. Automotive Industries. 
May 1, 1924, p. 978. 

Davelopment in the Use of Air Drying Enamel. Anon. Automobile Trimmer 
and Painter, 3, No. 3, p. 53-6 (1924). 

Defects of Paints and Varnishes. By W. J. Overbeck. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 78, No. 7, p. 10 (1924). 

Zapon Pyroxylin Finishes Now Ready for Use in Body Production. Anon. 
Automotive Industries, 51, p. 121, July 10, 1924. 

Coach and Automobile Finishes. By E. Perry. Oz, Paint and Drug Reporter, 
106, p. 20, July 14, 1924. 

Aircraft Fabrics. J. E. Ramsbottom, Trans. Faraday Soc. (1924), 20, 245-302. 
Elemi Gum as a Constituent of Lacquer. By M. J. P. Barrett. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 78, No. 3, p. 10 (1924). 

Variation of Stress-Strain Properties of Nitrocellulose Camphor Mixture with 
Its Composition. By P. Heymans and G. Colingaert. Ind. Eng. Chem., 16, 
939-940 (1924). 


256 


174. 


175. 
176. 


Vik 
178. 
179. 
180. 
181. 
182. 
183. 


184. 


185. 
186. 
187. 
188. 
189. 
190. 
191. 
192. 
193. 
194. 
195. 
196. 
197. 
198. 
199. 


200. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Pyroxylin Lacquers for Automobiles. By E. M. Flaherty. Paznt, Oil, and 
Chem. Rev., 78, No. 16, p. 10-11, 21-2 (1924). 

Automobile Body Finish. Anon. Motor Vehicle Monthly, June (1924). 

A New Auto Finish. Anon. Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., Automotive Indus- 
tries, April 10 (1924), p. 828. 

Paint and Varnish Removers. By Joseph Kempf. Automobile Trimmer and 
Painter, 3, No. 12, p. 71 (1924). 

Painting and Preservation of Metal Surfaces. By W. J. Overbeck. Paint, Oul 
and Chem. Rev., 78, No. 5, 10-11; No. 6, 10-11 (1924). 

Directions for the Study of Electrical Insulating Varnishes, Paints and Enamel 
Paints. Anon. Inst. E. E. J., 62, 936-40 (1924). 

Synthetic Albertol. By E. F. Fonrobert and C. Marx. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 
32, p. 167 (1924). 

Commercial Recovery of Fossil Gums. By W. M. Meyers. Chem. and Met. 
Eng., 31, 617 (1924). 

Lacquer—New and Old. By Maxmillian Toch. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 32, 501 
(1924). 

Nitrocellulose and Pyroxylin Lacquers. By J. B. Wiesel. Chem. Age (N. Y.), 
32, 439-42 (1924). 

Recent Developments in the Manufacture and Application of Nitrocellulose 
Lacquers and Enamels. By G. E. Conde. Can. Chem. and Met., 8, No. 9 
(1924), pp. 219-20. 

The New Pyroxylin Automobile Finish. By S. D. Kirkpatrick. Chem. and 
Met. Eng., 31, 178 (1924). 

Further Developments Made in Celluloid Finishes. Anon. Automotive Indus- 
tries, 51, p. 194, July 24, 1924. 

Pyroxylin Enamels Finding Favor. By E. M. Flaherty, J. Soc Auto Engineers, 
14, p. 352-3, March, 1924. 

What Basic Materials Go Into Automobile Finishes? Anon. Automotive 
Industries, 51, p. 34-8, July, 1924. 

Demand for Better Body Finishes Is Being Met. Anon. Automotive Indus- 
trees, 50, 1264-8, July 12, 1924. 

Demand for More Durable Finishes Stimulates New Developments. Anon. 
Automotive Industries, 50, 978-81, May 1, 1924. 

Final Coat of Latest Pyroxylin Finish Gives Gloss Without Polishing. Anon. 
Automotive Industries, 51, 526, September 18, 1924. 

Standard Automobile Finishes. By L. Valentine Pulsifer. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 77, No. 26, p. 10-11 (1924). 

Nitrocellulose Automobile Finishes. By L. V. Pulsifer, J. Soc. Auto Eng., 15, 
474-5 (1924). 
Automobile Body Finish. By L. Valentine Pulsifer. Automobile Trimmer and 
Painter, 3, No. 6, p. 49-50 (1924). 

Increasing Popularity of New Finish. By Warfield Webb. Automobile Trim- 
mer and Painter, 3, No. 12, p. 59 (1924). 

Automobile Body Finishes. By H.C. Mougey. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 78, 
No. 4, p. 10-12 (1924). 

More Durable Car Finishes Are Making Their Appearance. By H. C. Mougey. 
Automotive Industries, 50, 777-9 (1924). 

Refinishing of Automobile Bodies. By L. V. Pulsifier and O. H. Briggs. 
J. Soc. Auto Engineers, 14, 571 (1924). 

Address Before St. Louis Production Club. By Arthur Orr. American Paint 
Journay, 8, No. 50, October 5, 1924. 

Another Varnish Maker Enters Field of Pyroxylin Automobile Finishes. Anon 
Automotive Industries. August 14, 1924, pp. 324-25. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 257 


. All Seven Coats of Pyroxylin Finish Applied in Two Days. By H. Chase. 
Automotive Industries, 51, 254-5 (1924). 

. Egyptian Lacquer Develops New Nitrocellulose Automobile Finish. By H. 
Chase. Automotive Industries, 50, 828-9 (1924). 

. Finishing and Refinishing Approaching High Engineering Standard. By H. 
Chase. Automotive Industries, 50, 1134-7 (1924). 

. Causes of Paint Failure. By H. C, Mougey. J. Auto Engineers, 14, 479-80 
(1924). 

. Body Refinishing for Speed and Durability. By E. M. Flaherty. Bus Trans- 
portation, 3, 186, April, 1924. 

. Pyroxylin Enamels. By HE. M. Flaherty. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 3, 
No. 6, 55 (1924). 

. Revolutionary Painting Methods. By R. C. Williams and R. 8. Rogers. J. Soc. 
Auto Engineers, 14, 90-3 (1924). 

. New Lacquer Finishes for Automobile Bodies. Morris A. Hall. Automobile 
Trimmer and Painter, 3, 27-31, April (1924). 

Lacquer Plasticizer. By B. K. Brown and Charles Bogin. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 79, No. 24, p. 10 (1924). 

. The Testing and Standardization of Paint and Varnishes. By Hans Wolff. 
Farben-Ztg., 29, 1691-3 (1924). 

. Esterfication of Gum Dammar. By H. Brendel. Farben-Zig., 29, 16,93-4 
(1924). ; 

. A Simple Viscosimeter for the Determination of the Viscosity of Resin Solu- 
tions. Anon. Chem. Zig., March 27, 1924, p. 18. 

. Strength of Films of Cellulose Nitrate Plastics. By K. Atsuki, J. Fac. Eng., 
Tokyo, 15, 109-116 (1924). J. S.C. J. 44, B36 (1924). 

. Waterproofing Paper. Anon. Papierfabr., 22, 278-80 (1924). 

. The Dynamometry of (Cellulosic) Plastics. By C. Zelger. Chimie et Industrie, 
May, 1924, p. 576-7. 

. The Employment of echnpcer’s Tension Tester for Measuring the Adhering 
Strength of Textile Strips and Rubber Layers. By L. Hock. Kolloid-Ztg., 35, 
47-8 (1924). 

. Examen Microscopique des Gommes a Vernis. By P. Nicalardot and C. Cof- 
fignier. Chimie et Industrie, 11, 456-68 (1924). 

. Simple Testing of Paints and Varnish. By Hans Wolff. Farben-Ztg., 30, 624-5 
(1924). 

. The Gelatinization of Nitrocellulose Solution. By A. Szegvari. Kolloid-Z., 34, 
34-7 (1924). 

. Picture Lacquers; Their Form and Use. By H. Bredel. Farbe wu. Lack (1924), 
406. 

. Advances in the Paint and Lacquer Industry. By H. Wagner. Farben-Ztg., 30, 
785-88, 841-42 (1924). 

. Breaking Down Cellulose with Formic Acid. By C. Herser and Scholt. Cellu- 
losechem, 6, 10-11 (1924). 

. Simple Testing of Colors and Lacquers. By K. Wurth, Farben-Ztg., 30, 789-91 
(1924). 

. Lacquer for Electric Light Globes. By F. Zimmer, Farben-Ztg., 30, 685-6 
(1924). 

. Centrifuging of Lacquers. By K. Wurth. Farben-Ztg., 30, 289 (1924). 

. Toxicity of Solvents for Rubber, Resins, and Cellulose Esters, By A. Kohn- 
Abrest. Kunststoffe, 14, 101-2 (1924); Chem. Age, 32; 199-20) (1924). 

. Chemical Problems in Insulating Varnishes. By H. C. P. Weber. Ind. Eng. 


Chem., 17, 11-14, January, 1925. 


258 


228. 
229, 
230. 
231. 
232. 
233. 
234. 
235. 


236. 
237. 


238. 
239. 


240. 
241. 
242. 
243. 
244. 
245. 
246. 
247. 
248. 
249. 
250. 
251. 
252. 
253. 
254. 


255. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Ethyl Lactate as a Solvent in Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Anon. Ovl, Paint and 
Drug Reporter, 107, 32A (1925). | 

Progress in Terms of Volatile Solvents. By B. R. Tunison. Chem. and Met. 
Eng., 32, 93 (1925). 

Lacquer Finishing—Its Faults and Corrections. By C. Ludwig. Automobile 
Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 1, p. 61 (1925). 

What Wood Lacquer Really Is. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 
1, No. 3, p. 29 (1925). 

Pyroxylin Enamels—Important Suggestions Regarding Their Use. By A. W. 
Moody, Automobile Trommer and Painter, 4, No. 1, p. 58 (1925). 

The Glidden Lacqueroid System of Motor Car Finishes. By M. J. Pierce. 
Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 1, p. 72 (1925). 

Glidden Company Develops Lacqueroid System of Finishing. Anon. Auto- 
motive Industries, 52, No. 1, p. 12 (1925). 

Alcohol; the Chenucal Raw Material. By B. R. Tunison, Drug and Chem. 
VE ee January 28 (1925), p. 277. 

Automobile Painting and Finishing. Anon. J. Soc. Auto. Eng., 16, 361-2 (1925). 
Qualities and Durability of Nitrocellulose Finishes for Automobiles. By H. C. 
Mougey and L. V. Pulsifer. J. Soc. Auto Engineers, 16, 277-8 (1925). 

Kodak Co. has New Body Finish. Anon. Automotive Ind., 52 (1925), p. 791. 
Nitrocellulose and the Lacquer Industry. By R. A. Coolahan. Chem. Record- 
Age, 23 (1925), No. 12, p. 7. 

Solvents and Automobile Lacquers. By D. B. Keyes. Ind. and Eng. Chem., 
17, p. 558 (1925). 

The Use of Plasticizers in Lacquers. By Bruce K. Brown. IJnd. and Eng. 
Chem., 17, p. 568 (1925). 

A New Solvent for Nitrocellulose. By H. A. Gardner. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 79, No. 5, p. 10 (1925). 

Lacquers from the Jobbers’ Standpoint. By E. R. Kyger. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 79, No. 11, pp. 10-11 (1925). 

Pigmented Lacquers for Flat Wall Finish. By E. R. Kyger. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 79 No. 12, pp. 10-11 (1925). 

Soluble Cotton and Its Uses. By R. A. Coolahan. Paint and Chem. Rev. 
79, No. 13, pp. 10-11 (1925). 

Nitrocellulose Symposium. By Jos. Michelman. Paznt, Oil and Chem. Rev., 
79, No. 15, pp. 10-11 (1925). 

Nitrocellulose as a Fire Risk. Anon. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 18, 
pp. 13-14 (1925). 

New Development in Lacquers. By L. L. Van Schaack. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 79, No. 19, p. 10 (1925). 

Modern Automobile Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial Finishing, 1, 
No. 5, p. 16 (1925). 

Overcoming Spray Troubles. By L. J. Goudin. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 
5, p. 36 (1925). 

Pyroxylin Enamels. By A. W. Moody. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 
4, No. 3, p. 41 (1925). 

Aging Tests of Varnish Films Accelerated by New Apparatus. Anon. Auto- 
motive Industries, March, 1925, p. 546. 

Latest Lacquer Finish Is Termed Berryloid. Anon. Automotive Industries, 52 
No. 7, p. 264 (1925). 

Eastman Kodak to Market New Automobile Paint. Anon. Automobile Indus- 
tries, 52, No. 8, p. 323 (1925). 

Cyclohexanol—as a Plasticizer. By Fritz J. Schuster. Drug and Chemical 
Markets, 16, No. 8, p. 566 (1925). 


AoE 
> ie ‘— 


worn 


256. 
257. 
258. 
259. 
260. 
261. 
262. 
263. 
264. 
265. 
266. 
267. 
268. 
269. 
270. 
271. 
272. 
273. 
274. 
275. 
276. 
277. 
278. 
279. 
280. 
281. 


282. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 259 


Using Duco Rough Stuff. Anon. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 67 
(1925). 

Information Concerning Pyroxylin Enamel System. Anon. Automobile Trim- 
mer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 65 (1925). 

Solvent and Non-Solvent Liquids. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 
i io.'5, p. 30 (1925). 
Nitrocellulose Automobile Finishes. By Valentine Pulsifer. Automobile Trim- 
mer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 33 (1925). 

The Origin of Lacquer. By L. W. Carlson and D. T. Tight. Awtomobile 
Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 2, p. 61 (1925). 

Laboratory Tests on Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial and Engineering 
Chemistry, 17, p. 411 (1925). 

Durability of Nitrocellulose. Anon. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 4, 
p. 63 (1925). 

Lacquer Problems. By C. Ludwig. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 4, 
p. 52 (1925). 

Some Notes on Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By G. L. Ward. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 79, No. 4, pp. 10-11 (1925) 

The Clarification of Varnishes, Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. By E. C. 
Alford. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 5, p. 10 (1925). 

Rubbing Process Is Shortened with New Car Body Finish. Anon. Auto. 
Industries, 52, p. 655 (1925). 

Test Panels Show Durability of Automobile Finishes. By H. C. Mougey. 
Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 6, p. 10 (1925). 

What Constitutes a Good Filler. By H. C. Mougey. Industrial Finishing, 
1, No. 6, pp. 11-12 (1925). 

Modern Spraying Practice. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 1, 
mG UO, p.7; No. ¢, p. 13 (1925). 
Nitrocellulose Refinishing. By J. J. Riley, J. Soc. Auto. E'ng., 16, 481-2, May 
(1925). 

How Pyroxylin Lacquers Are Manufactured. By E. M. Flaherty. Chem. Rec. 
Age, 23, 9-10, April 20 (1925). 

Safety in Use of Pyroxylin Base Finishing Materials. By H. B. Fox. Nat. 
Safety, No. 11, 31-2, May (1925). 

Valentine Makes Radical Improvements in Lacquer Finishing. By Herbert 
Chase. Automotive Industries, 52, p. 873 (1925). 

Causes of White Spots in Lacquer Finishing. By C. Ludwig. Auto. Trimmer 
and Painter, 4, p. 28 (1925). 

Rubbing Lacquer Finish. By C. F. Merrifield. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 7, 
p. 16 (1925). 

Cyclohexanol—The Newest Solvent. By J. Fritz Schuster. Drug and Chemical 
Markets, 16, No. 8, p. 565 (1925). 

The Technology of Lacquers. By L. L. Van Schaack. Paint, Ozl and Chem. 
Rev., 79, No. 20, p. 8 (1925). 

Lacquer Solvents. By D. B. Keyes. Paint, Ovl and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 22, 
p. 24 (1925). 

Conversion of Varnish and Lacquer Coatings. By H. T. Hotchkiss. Paint, Oil 
and Chem. Rev., 79, No. 22, p. 8 (1925). 

Requirements of a Lacquer. By D. B. Keyes. Ozl, Paint and Drug Reportcr, 
107, No. 23, p. 22 (1925). 

New Pyroxylin Base Finishings Material. Anon. Chemicals, 23, No. 21, p. 6 
(1925). 

Using Lacquer Successfully. By P. J. Marvin. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 8, 
p. 15 (1925). 


308. 


309. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


. Nitrocellulose in the Manufacture of Lacquer. By J. B. Wiesel. Amer. Paint 


Jour., 9, No. 32, p. 18 (1925). 


. Repainting Used Cars to Increase Their Saleability. By Clayton Hill. Auto 


Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 57 (1925). 


. Refinishing Automobiles with Lacquer. By Zapon Co. Auto Trimmer and 


Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 55 (1925). 


. Surface and Undercoats for Pyroxylin Enamel Finishes. By C. Ludwig. Auto 


Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 6, p. 29 (1925). 


. A Non-Inflammable, Non-Poisonous Dope. By Neocellon, Ltd. Chem. Age 


12, No. 309, p. 480 (1925). 


. Butanol—Its Use in Industry. By Chas. L. Gabriel. Chemicals, 23, No. 21 


p. 9 (1925). 


. How Sherwin-Williams Lacquer Is Applied. Anon. Auto. Ind., 52, No. 22, 


p. 936 (1925). 


. Spraying Pyroxylin on Cars. By J. J. Riley. Chemicals, 23, No. 21, p. 9 


(1925). 


. Production and Properties of Titanium Oxide. R. H. Monk and C. Whitte- 


more. Can. Chem. Met., 9, p. 153 (1925). 


. Hybosol Suggested as Agent for Improvement of Lacquers. Anon. Ot, Paint 


and Drug Reporter, 108, No. 3, 30 (1925). 


. National Fire Protection Association Sub-Committee on Pyroxylin Finishes. 


Anon. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 7, p. 33 (1925). 


. Misunderstood Paint Trade Terms Explained. W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and 


Chemical Review, 80, No. 4, p. 10 (1925). 


. Development of Lacquers. A. M. Maher. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 9, p. 7 


(1925). 


. Using Automobile Lacquer Finishes. R. L. Masterson. Ind. Finishing, 1, 


No. 9, p. 10 (1925). 


. Automobile Lacquer. Robert Calvert. J. Chem. Education, 2, 369-74 (1925). 
. Solvents and Thinners for Lacquers, By W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chem. 


Rev., 80, No. 6, p. 16 (1925). 


. The Odorless Lacquer. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, 


No. 6, p. 6 (1925). 


. Acetone—Its Manufacture and Use. By C. L. Gabriel. Paint, Oil and Chem. 


Rev., 80, No. 6, p. 10 (1925). 


. Hints on the Technique of Lacquering for Managers. By F. Zimmer. Phot. 


Ind., Feb. 23, 1925, p. 189. 


. The Progress of Lacquer Work. L. Clayton Hill. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 


4, No. 8, p. 61 (1925). 


. Auto Body Lacquering. W.H. Martindale. Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 10, p. 


17 (1925). 


. Refinishing with Nitrocellulose Materials. Anon. Bus Transportation, July, 


1925, p. 340-1. 


. The Use of Gums in Lacquers. E. R. Morawetz. Paint, Oil and Chemical 


Review, 80, No. 10, p. 22 (1925). 


. The Fire-Hazard of Lacquer. W.J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 


80, No. 10, p. 18 (1925). 


. Resins for Lacquers and Their Solvents. G. H. Lincks. Paint, Oil and Chem- 


ical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 16 (1925). 

Colors for Lacquers. A. F. Brown, Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 80, 
No. 10, p. 12 (1925). 

Tricresylphosphate as a Lacquer Plasticizer. M.R. Trimmer. Paint, Oil and 
Chemical Review, 80, No. 10, p. 10 (1925). 


310. 
311. 
312. 
313. 
314. 
315. 
316. 
317. 
318. 
319. 
320. 
321. 
322. 
323. 
324. 
325. 
326. 
327, 
328. 
329. 
330. 
331. 
332. 
333. 
334. 
335. 


336. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 261 


The Stability of Nitrocellulose. J.B. Wiesel. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
80, No. 10, p. 8 (1925). 

High Lustre Lacquer Finishes. E. G. Richardson, Auto Trimmer and Painter, 
4, No. 9, p. 39 (1925). 

Undercoats. Alexander Wilson. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 40 
(1925). 
Spraying of Lacquers. E. P. Frey. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, 
p. 56 (1925). 

Are Pyroxylin Enamels Detrimental to the Health? C. Ludwig. Auto Trim- 
mer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 57 (1925). 

Names of Paint and Lacquer Materials Explained. W. J. Miskella. Auto 
Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 9, p. 65 (1925). 

The Story of Kauri Gum. G. H. Lincks. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, 
No. 12, p. 8 (1925). 

Lacquering Metal Specialties. F. V. Faulhaber. Ind. Finishing, 1, No. 11, p. 16 
(1925). 

Surfacing Materials for Automobile Lacquer Finishes. R. L. Masterson. 
Industrial Finishing, 1, No. 11, p. 30 (1925). 

Pyroxylin Invades the Varnish Plant. Anon. Chem. and Met. Eng., 32, 
p. 747 (1925). 

Blushing and Clouding. W. J. Smart. The Metal Industry, September (1925), 
p. 367. 

Brushable Lacquers. W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 80, 
No. 18, p. 10 (1925). 

Industrial Nitrocellulose Products—Varnishes and Enamels. H. Hepworth, 
Ind. Chemistry, 290-2 (1925). 

Aviation Dopes or Varnishes. Maurice Deschiens. J. S. C. I., 44, p. 902-907 
(1925). 

Finish Failures Overcome with Pyroxylin Enamel. By H.C. Mougey. J. Soc. 
Auto. E'ng., 17, p. 183-8. 

Preparation of Surfaces for Nitrocellulose Finish. By J. McGeorge. J. Soc. 
Auto. Eng., 17, p. 212, August (1925). 

Pyroxylin Refinishing Practice. By J. J. Riley. J. Soc. Auto. Eng., 17, 
245-7, September (1925). 

Precautions in Using Pyroxylin Finishes. Anon. Bus Transportation, 4, 
p. 450, Sept. (1925). 

Lacquer as a Protective Coating. Arthur Orr. American Paint Journal, 9, 
No. 51, p. 7-12 (1925); Chemical Education, 3, No. 4 (1925). 

Spraying Lacquers on Auto Bodies. E. P. Frey, Ind. Finishing, 1, No. 12, 
p. 10 (1925). 

Lacquering Broom Handles. W. H. Martindale. Jndustrial Finishing, 1, 
No. 12, p. 24 (1925). 

New Solvents for Lacquer Making Will Interest the Chemists. E. F. Bain- 
bridge. Amer. Paint Journal, 9, 52B, p. 18. 

Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins as Constituents of Lacquers and Varnishes. A. C. 
Hopper, Chem. Age, 13, p. 370 (1925). 

Paints and Varnishes with a Nitrocellulose Base. J. H. Frydlender. Rev. 
Prod. Chim., p. 577-584, September 15 (1925). 

Plasticity in Relation to Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. S. E. Sheppard 
and HE. K. Carver. J. Phys. Chem., 29, p. 1244-1263 (1925). 

Finish Failures Overcome with Pyroxylin Enamels. By H. C. Mougey. Auto 
Trimmer and Painter, 4, No. 11, p. 44-49 (1925). 

Pyroxylin Refinishing Practice. J. J. Riley. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 
4, No. 11, p. 57-60 (1925). 


262 


337. 
338. 
339. 
340. 
341, 
342. 
343. 
344. 
345. 
346. 
347, 
348. 
349. 
300. 
dol. 
352. 
353. 
304. 
305. 
356. 
307. 
358. 
309. 
360. 
361. 


362. 


‘A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Lacquer—The Revolutionizing Finish. W. J. Miskella. Factory, 35, No. 5, 
p. 780-788 (1925). | 

Modern Cellulose Lacquers. Arthur Orr. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 2, p. 7, 
(1925). 

Lacquer in Metal Finishing. R. L. Kent. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 2, 
p. 17 (1925). 

Relation of Pigments to Hiding Power. Glenn H. Pickard. Amer. Paint Jour., 
10, No. 4, p. 18-26 (1925). 

To Prevent Lacquer Blushing. W. J. Smart. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 1, 
p. 7 (1925). 

Lighting Fixtures Lacquering. R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 1, 
p. 10 (1925). 

Industrial Finishing and Finishes. R. G. Meade. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 80, No. 23, p. 10 (1925). 

Pyroxylin Lacquers for Automobiles. E. M. Flaherty. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 80, No. 23, p. 12 (1925). 

Lacquer and Lacquer Solvents. By D. B. Keyes. Paint, Owl and Chemical 
Review, 80, No. 21, p. 8 (1925). 

Lacquer Undercoatings for Wood or Metal. By W.J. Miskella. Paint, Ol and 
Chemical Review, 80, No. 21, p. 10 (1925). 

Lacquer Versus Varnish as a Finish. Anon. Railway Review, 77, p. 896, Dec. 
12, 1925. 

The Swelling and Dispersion of Some Colloidal Substances in Ether-Alcohol 
Mixtures. By E. W. J. Mardles. J. Chem. Soc., 127, 2940-57 (1925). 
Solvents, Diluents and Plasticizers. Anon. Chemicals, 24, No. 25, p. 11-13 
(1925). 

Organophile Colloids. By G. S. Whitby. Can. Chemistry and Met., 9, 
265-7 (1925). 

Preparation of Metal Surfaces for Painting and Lacquering. By W. J. Miskella. 
Paint, Orl and Chemical Review, 80, No. 27, p. 10-11 (1925). 

Alumina Compound in the Lacquer Industries. By L. Bock. Farbe wu. Lack 
27 (1925). 

The Production of Celluloid and Cellon Oil Lacquers with Tetralin and Hexalin. 
By Rudolf Ditmar. Z. Angew. Chem., 34, 474-5. 

The Limitations of the Use of Oil-Free Undercoats. By V. D. Muhlen, 
Farben-Ztg., 30, 898-901 (1925). 

Optimum Content of Camphor in Celluloid. By K. Atsuki. J. Fac. Eng., 
Tokyo, 15, 281-290 (1925). 

Acetanilide and Urea as the Stabilizer and Plasticizer in Celluloid. K. Atsuki. 
J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 15, 291 (1925). 

The Effect of Zinc White on the Stability of Celluloid. By K. Atsuki. J. Fac. 
Eng., Tokyo, 15, 303-308 (1925). 

Poisonous Action of Solvents for Rubber, Rosin and Cellulose Esters. By E. 
Kohn. Kunststoffe, 14, July, 1924, 101. 

Modern Lacquer and Its Use. By A. S. Jennings, Farbe wu. Lack, 222-23 
(1925). 

The Degeneration of Celluloid and Nitrocellulose Collodions. By M. A. 
Bregeut. Rev. Gén. des Colloides, 3, 200-6, 230-5 (1925). 

Testing the Hardness of a Film. F. E. Mouths. Farben-Ztg., 30, 1565, 1686 
(1925). 

Nitrocellulose Varnishes and Varnish Paints. Application in the Automobile 
and Wood Working Industries. By J. H. Frydlender. Rev. Prod. Chem., 28, 
577-84 (1925). 


382. 


383. 


384. 


385. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 2638 


y. 
. Varnishes and Varnished Paintings of a Nitrocellulose Base. By Frydlender. 


Genie Civil, 87, p. 381-2, Oct. 31, 1925. 


. Solvents for Cellulose Esters. Anon. Rev. Prod. Chim., 28, 553 (1925). 
. Nitrocellulose Lacquers, Solvents, Resins, Diluents, etc. By J. H. Frydlender. 


Rev. des. Prod. Chim., 28, 577-84 (1925). 
Stability of Nitrocelluloses. J. Duclaux. Rev. Gen. Colloid, 3, 257-263 (1925). 


. Cellhorn, Zellen and Cellulose Ester Lacquers. By F. Huth and C. R. Halle. 


Farbe wu. Lack, 397-98, 410-11, 424 (1925). 


. The Status of Cellulose Lacquering. By M. Winklemann. Farbe und Lack, 


No. 47, 557 (1925). 


. Swelling and Dispersion of Cellulose Nitrate in Ethyl Alcohol. By K. Atsuki. 


J. Fac. Eng., Tokyo, 16, 111-116 (1925). Abs. of Chem. Soc., 128, 1, 1044-5 
(1925). 


. Nitro or Acetate Films. By Richard Blochmann. Kunststoffe, 15, 149-50 


(1925). 


. Linseed-Oil Varnishes—Wood-Oil Varnishes—Cellulose Varnishes—A Cross 


Section. By H. Rasquin. Farben-Ztg., 31, 91-2 (1925). 


. The Poisoning Action and Dangers of Organic Solvents and Their Prevention. 


Anon. Farbe u. Lack, 422-3, 433-4 (1925). 


. Lacquers. Their Resins, Plasticizers and Solvents. Anon. Paint, Ol and 


Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 14-16. A discussion of the materials used 
and the problems met with by the English Lacquer Chemists. 


. Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics. Anon. Survey of Current Business, 54, Feb., 


1926, p. 36. 


. Cellulose Lacquers. Anon. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, No. 2, pp. 45-8 


(1926). The various constituents of cellulose lacquers are discussed, special 
attention being devoted to the materials used as solvents. 


. A Word of Caution on Lacquers and Their Durability. Anon. American Paint 


Journal, December 27, 1926, pp. 57-8. Lacquers are divided into classes accord- 
ing to their uses. A lacquer designed for one purpose may not be satisfactory 
for another. 


. The Use of Nitrocellulose Lacquers for Industrial Painting. Anon. The Dec- 


orator, Dec. 22, 1926, p. 403. Second of a series of articles. 


. Rubbing Lacquer—Finished Surfaces. Anon. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 2, 


p. 60 (1926). A foreman finisher comments on the practicality of a newly 
invented machine for rubbing lacquer finished surfaces. 


. Interior Finishing with Duco. By George Baldwin. Du Pont Magazine, April, 


1926, p. 8. 


. Testing Colors for Lacquers. By A. F. Brown. Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, 


No. 1, p. 12. 


. Theories of Brush Lacquer Formulation. By Bruce K. Brown. Paint, Ou and 


Chemical Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 18-21. Three theories of formulation are 
set forth: A. The use of low boiling solvents; B. Heavy pigmentation; C. Inac- 
tive solvent mixtures. 

The Peptization of Pyroxylin. By M. L. Byron. J. Physical Chemistry, 30, 
p. 1116 (1926). 

Separation and Analysis of the Volatile Solvents and Thinners of Lacquers. 
By R. M. Carter. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 1234-5 (1926). After distillation, 
the physical properties, saponification, solubility in sulphuric acid and water 
are determined. 

Protecting Lacquer Plants from Special Hazards. Committee Mfg. Risks and 
Special Hazards, N. F. P. A., Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 9. 
Construction and maintenance of lacquer spraying booths. 

New Process Is Developed for Cleaning Metal Body Surfaces. By W. L. 


264 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


' Carver. Automotive Industries, 54, No. 4, p. 148 (1926). A new type 


386. 


387. 


388. 


389. 


390. 


391. 


392. 


393. 


394. 


395. 


396. 


397. 


398. 


399. 
400. 


401. 


402. 


403. 


404. 


cleaner which is sprayed on a metal surface and the latter than baked. : 
Centrifugal Clarification. By W. D. Cleary. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
81, No. 4, pp. 10-11 (1926). 

Lacquer Used in New Skyscraper. By George E. Covell. Industrial Finishing 
2, No. 5, pp. 19-21 (1926). 

The New Crackle Finish. By Robert Cowan. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 
12, pp. 21-2 (1926). The method of obtaining “crackle” effects and some 
of the merits of this material as a finish are briefly discussed. 

The Glycol Ethers and Their Use in the Lacquer Industry. By J. G. Davidson. 
Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 669-75, 874 (1926). Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
82, No. 6, pp. 18-18B; No. 7, pp. 10-13. 

Practical Testing of Finishes. By Sidney W. Dean, Jr. Chemicals, 26, No. 17, 
pp. 7-9 (1926). History and significance of accelerated weathering tests. 
Suitable Lacquer Colors. By Slocum Drew. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
82, No. 6, p. 17. Generally speaking, the metal colors are best. The coal 
tar colors which are proved are yet few. - 

The Use of Wood Lacquer Finishes. By W. 8S. Edgar. Mechanical Engineer, 
48, p. 1289-90 (1926); Auto Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 2, pp. 38-40 (1927) ; 
Chemicals, 26, No. 25, pp. 14, 38-9 (1926); Railway Mechanical Engineer, 101, 
March, 1927, pp. 150-2. Particulars regarding the preparation of wood surfaces 
for finishing and methods of applying pyroxylin lacquers that have proved 
successful in practice. 

Brushing Pyroxylin Lacquer. By A. F. Eibell. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 8, 
pp. 22-6 (1926). . 

The A, B, C of Pyroxylin Lacquer. By E. W. Fasig. Canadian Chemistry 
and Metallurgy, 10, No. 2, p. 42; Drugs, Oils and Paints, 41, pp. 337-8 (1926) ; 
Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 4, pp. 10-13, 23. 

The Manufacture of Cellulose Lacquer for Automobiles. By W. Fletcher- 
Starkey. Oul and Colour Trade Journal, 1925, p. 1561; Farbe wu. Lack, pp. 5-6 
(1926). 

Solvents and Diluents for Pyroxylin Lacquers and Enamels. By H. 8. Garlick. 
Industrial Chemist, Oct., 1926, pp. 437-40. 

Nature and Source of Pigments Used in Car Colors. By C. A. Green. Auto 
Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 5, pp. 61-4 (1926). 

What Is Lacquer? By W. K. Grinder. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
82, No. 19, pp. 10-11 (1926). The purpose of each of the five types of 
materials used in the composition of lacquer is discussed. 

What Modern Lacquer Is. By W. K. Grinder. Industrial Finishing, 3, 
No. 2, p. 9 (1926). Similar to the article recorded above by the same author. 
Testing of Finish Materials. By W. K. Grinder. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 82, No. 11, pp. 10-11, 14-15. Viscosity tests of lacquers and various 
tests for durability of the applied material are described. 

Progress in the Lacquer Industry. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 82, No. 6, pp. 18B-C, No. 8, pp. 10-13. A review of the develop- 
ment of modern lacquers. 

Practical Details of Repainting Used Cars. By L. C. Hill. Auto Trimmer 
and Painter, 5, No. 6, p. 61. 

Latest Developments in Nitrocellulose Systems. By L. C. Hill. Motor Vehicle 
Monthly, Sept., 1926, pp. 48-9. Lacquer undercoats and their durability and 
drying periods are discussed. 

Separation and Analysis of Pigments in Lacquers. By F. W. Hopkins. Ind. 
Eng. Chem., 18, p. 1233 (1926). A short outline of pigment analysis, 


405. 
406. 


407. 


408. 


409. 


410. 


411. 


412. 


413. 


414. 


415. 
416. 


417. 


418. 


419. 


420. 
421. 
422. 
423. 


424. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 265 


Ar phi Finish. By A. C. Hopper. Automobile Engineer, March, 1926, pp. 
06-7. 

Progress in Automobile Finishing. By K. N. Kathju. Industrial Finishing, 
3, No. 2, p. 35 (1926). Traces the development of automobile finishes and 
discusses the advantages of nitrocellulose lacquer. 

Ten Questions About Lacquer. By P. S. Kennedy. American Paint Journal, 
10, No. 44, pp. 7-10, 85-86. The composition and uses of lacquer compared 
with those of varnish. 

Study of Varnish and Lacquer Finishes Exposed to Accelerated Breakdown 
Tests. By P. S. Kennedy. Mechanical Engineer, 48, Sec. 2, Nov., 1926, 
pp. 1291-2. 

Color Measurement. By C. W. Keuffel. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
82, No. 5, pp. 10-11. <A description of the K and FE color analyzer, which 
measures color independent of the vision of the observer. 

Cellulose Enamels. By A. E. Lain. Chemical Age (London), 14, Jan. 23, 
1926, p. 76. 

Cellulose Nitrate Lacquers. By A. E. Lain. J. Oil Colour Chemical Associa- 
tion, 9, pp. 33-44 (1926). Drugs, Oils and Paints, 41, No. 11, pp. 373-6. 

Used Films for Lacquers. By Woodward Lawson. Industrial Finishing, 2, 
No. 9, pp. 56-8 (1926). Describes a product obtained by treating used motion 
picture films to recover the nitrocellulose for use in making lacquers, cements 
and various protective coatings. 

The Ultra-Violet Ray. By H. C. Liebe. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
82, No. 5, pp. 12-13. The theory and use of the ultra violet ray in the 
accelerated testing of paint and varnish coatings. 

Are You Doing the Same? By C. Ludwig. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 5, 
No. 7, pp. 48-52 (1926). Deals with the application and the spraying of lacquer 
coats, spraying outfits and the sanding and polishing of lacquer coats. 

The Apparent Viscosity of Nitro Cotton in Various Solvents. By J. W. McBain, 
C. E. Harvey and L. E. Smith. J. Physical Chemistry, 30, pp. 312-35 (1926). 
Interpretation of Stress-Strain Curves on Lacquer and Lacquer Components. 
By W. A. McKim. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 1239-42 (1926). The influ- 
ence of various constituents is studied by means of the stress-strain curves. 
Crackle Finish Facts. By W. H. Martindale. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 9, 
pp. 10-14 (1926). The principles underlying the composition and application of 
crackle lacquers are briefly discussed. 

Finishing Radio Cabinets. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 2, 
No. 12, pp. 56-60 (1926). The latest practice in rubbing and cleaning lacquered 
surfaces and the prevention of “blooming” of lacquer finished surfaces are 
discussed. 

New Finish for Novelty Furniture. By R. L. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 
2, No. 12, pp. 13-15 (1926). In general this new wood finish is secured by 
incorporating coloring matter in the first coat of clear lacquer which is 
applied directly to bare wood. 

Cellulose Finishes on Automobiles. By H. C. Mougey. Jndustrial Finishing, 
2, No. 10, pp. 20-6 (1926). 

Colored Furniture Finishes. By R. L. Masterson. Jndustrial Finishing, 2, 
No. 8, pp. 17-21 (1926). } 

The Use of Lacquer Cleaner. By W. H. Martindale. Industrial Finishing, 
2, No. 8, pp. 14-5 (1926). 

The Expanding Field for Lacquers. By W. J. Miskella. Factory, 37, No. 1, 
pp. 73-78; Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, No. 3, p. 84. 

Paste Wood Fillers. By R. R. Meade. Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 
81, No. 5, pp. 10-11 (1926). 


266 


425. 


426. 


427. 


428. 


429. 


430. 


431. 


432. 


433. 


434. 


435. 


436. 


437. 
438. 
439. 
440. 
441. 


442. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Selecting Spray Equipment. By T. E. Moorefield. Industrial Finishing, 3, 
No. 2, p. 18 (1926). Factors which influence results obtained in spraying 
lacquers, 

What Paint Method Is Most Desirable from an Automobile Production Stand- 
point? By H. C. Mougey. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 8, pp. 49-52; 
Drugs, Oils and Paints, 42, No. 4, pp. 117-8. A brief history of the devel- 
opment and problems involved in the manufacture and use of modern cellulose 
nitrate finishes. 

Lacquers and Their Solvents. By Wm. Mueller. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 82, No. 26, pp. 10-25 (1926); American Paint Journal, Dec. 27, 
1926, pp. 70, 72, 73. The characteristics of good lacquer materials are defined. 
Accelerated Weathering as Applied to Lacquer Enamels. By H. A. Nelson. 
Canadian Chemistry and Metallurgy, 10, No. 1, pp. 11-138 (1926); Farbe uw. 
Lack, pp. 127-28 (1926) ; Drugs, Oils and Paints, p. 265 (1926) ; Ind. Eng. Chem., 
18, p. 1222-7 (1926). 

Analysis of Lacquers. By B. J. Oakes. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 1232-33 
(1926). Suggested methods of separating pigments and nitrocellulose from 
solvent mixtures and identifying the constituents of the latter. 

Lacquer—Its Present and Future Possibilities. By A. Orr. Paint, Oil and 
Chemical Review, 82, No. 3, pp. 17-18; American Paint Journal, July 26, 
1926, pp. 64-69; Oul, Paint and Drug Reporter, 110, No. 5, page 23; Drugs, 
Oil and Paints, 42, No. 4, pp. 118-22. 

The Use of Present Equipment in Lacquer Manufacture. By E. J. Probeck. 
American Paint Journal Convention Daily (1926), p. 27; Paint, Oil and 
Chemical Review, 82, No. 17, pp. 75-6. In most cases the same equipment can 
be adapted to the production of either varnish or lacquer. 

A Lacquer Catechism. By Glenn H. Pickard and F. N. Vanderwalker. Amer- 
ican Paint and Oil Dealer, July, p. 25-6; Aug., p. 34-36; Sept., p. 64-66; Oct., 
p. 66-68, 1926. Answers to questions on lacquers propounded by laymen. 
Study of Nitrocellulose Lacquers by the Stress-Strain Method. By G. W. 
Rundle and W. C. Norris. American Society Testing Materials, 1926. Pre- 
print No. 67. By the stress-strain method it can be determined whether a 
high-boiling material is merely a film softener or a true plasticizer. 
Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By F. H. Rhodes. Sibley Journal, 40, pp. 70-1, May, 
1926. 

Surfacing Materials Used Under Pyroxylin Coats. By W. J. Sohlinger. Auto 
Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 12, pp. 52-3 (1926). Motor Vehicle Monthly, 
Sept., 1926, pp. 47-9. The three types of surfacing materials are briefly de- 
scribed. The author thinks the combination pyroxylin-oil type will replace 
the other types. 

The Time Factor and Yield Value of Cellulose Esters. By S. E. Shephard, 
Kk. K. Carver and 8. 8. Sweet. Jour. Ind. and Eng. Chem., 18, pp. 76477 
(1926). 

The Technology of Wood Finishes and Their Application. By S. M. Silver- 
stein. Mechanical Engineering, 48, No. 5, p. 423 (1926). 

Technology of Wood Stains and Films for Use with Lacquer. By S. M. Silver- 
stein, Mechanical Engineering, 48, Sec. 2 of Nov., 1926, pp. 1293-6. 

Motor Car Finishing. By Leo J. Smith. Industrial Finishing, 2, No. 8, pp. 
11-13 (1926). 

Chief Lacquer Issues Are Colors, Luster and Methods of Application. By K. W. 
Stillmann. Automotive Industries, 54, p. 966 (1926). 

Lacquer Painting Reduces Time Needed for Drying. By J. 8. Spratt. Electric 
Railway Journal, 67, 322-3, Feb. 20, 1926. 

Automobile Lacquer Finish Sanding. By W. P. Stewart. Industrial Finishing, 


443. 


444. 


445, 


446. 


447, 


448. 


449, 


450. 


451. 


452. 
453. 


454. 
455. 


456. 
457. 


458. 


459. 


460. 


461. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 267 


e Me p. 72 (1926). Describes types of sanding paper and methods to 
e used. 

A Practical Varnish Lacquer. By M. D. Swartz. Paint, Orl and Chemical 
Review, 82, No. 20, pp. 12-14 (1926). Suggested formula for a finish com- 
posed of both varnish and nitrocellulose lacquer. 

More Advice on Varnish Lacquers. By M. D. Swartz. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 82, No. 23, p. 11 (1926). Use of driers, plasticizers and various 
solvent combinations is discussed. 

Acetate Varnishes and Lacquers. By H. T. Tenen. Chemicals, 25, No. 19, 
pp. 9-11. 

Lacquer Plasticizers—Their History and Development. By M. R. Trimmer. 
Paint, Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 3, pp. 18-19; Chemicals, 86, No. 9, 
pp. 7-11. The requirements of a lacquer plasticizer and the properties of a 
number of materials used as such are discussed. Special attention is devoted 
to Lindol. 

Pointers on Brushing Lacquers. By G. J. Ward. Paint, Oil and Chemical 
Review, 81, No. 13, pp. 12-13. 

Nitrocellulose Lacquer’s Most Important Ingredient. By J. B. Wiesel. Paint, 
Oil and Chemical Review, 82, No. 4, pp. 8-9 (1926); Drugs, Oils and Paints, 
42, No. 3, pp. 81-2. A review of the history and recent developments 
of lacquer and a description of the manufacture of nitrocellulose and its use in 
lacquers. 

Lacquers for Polished Metals. By S. P. Wilson. Jndustrial Finishing, 2, 
No. 11, pp. 26-30 (1926). Attention is called to the peculiar characteristics 
and requirements of thin lacquers which are applied to such polished metals 
as brass, copper and silver. 

Lacquer Thinners; Fortifiers. By S. P. Wilson. Industrial Finishing, 2, 
No. 9, pp. 7-8 (1926). The ingredients and functions of thinners are described. 
Analysis of Resins in Lacquers. By P. Wiegand. U. S. Paint and Varnish 
Mfrs. Association, Cire. No. 290. <A detailed account of a method of analysis 
based on the relative proportions of resin acids, unsaponifiable matter, saponi- 
fication and acid numbers. 

Solvents. By E. W. Windsor. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 5, No. 6, p. 59. 
The Lacquer Spray Room. By E. W. Windsor. Auto Trimmer and Painter, 
5, No. 12, pp. 63-4 (1926). The use of lacquer should not cause any increase 
in insurance if necessary precautions are given to correct installation of 
equipment. . 

How Lacquer Influences the Daily Home Life. By H. Zeller. Brass World, 22, 
No. 1, p. 23, Jan.; 1926. 

The Analysis of Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Anon. Kumnststoffe, 16, No. 2, 
p. 30 (1926). Caoutchouc et Gutta-Percha, 22, pp. 12835, 12874-5 (1925). 
Solvents for Cellulose Esters. Anon. Rev. Produits Chim., 28, 553 (1925). 
Solvent Materials. Anon. Farben Zeitung, 31, p. 519 (1926). Acetal is sug- 
gested as a solvent for cellulose esters. 

Pliable Cellulose Varnishes. Anon. Farbe u. Lack, 1926, T-31, No. 21, pp. 
259-60. The ethers of naphthenic acids are recommended as plasticizers for 
nitrocellulose and cellulose acetate lacquers. 

Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Anon. La Revue des Produits Chimiques, No. 28, 
Dec., 1926, pp. 807-13. A general review of lacquer developments in the United 
States during the past three years. 

Nitrocellulose Varnish. Anon. Chem. Tech. Ind., 26, Nos. 4-5-6, pp. 51-2, 
67-8, 82-3 (1926). Diethyl carbonate and ethyl lactate are recommended as 
nitrocellulose solvents in place of the usual solvents. 

The Phenomena Occurring During the Drying of Lacquer. By Paul Bary. 


268 


462. 


463. 


464. 


465. 


466. 


467. 


468. 


469. 


470. 


471. 


472. 


473. 


474. 


475. 


476. 


477. 


478. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Rev. gén. mat. plastiques, 2, pp. 347-57 (1926). General review of the lit- 
erature. 

Cellulose Varnishes. By L. Clement and C. Riviere. Rev. gén. mat. plas- 
tiques, 2 (1926), pp. 175-9. Review of their properties, manufacture and com- 
mercial application. 

Cellulose Varnishes and Their Application in the Automobile Industry. By 
L. Clement and C. Riviere. Bull. Soc. Encour. Industrie Nationale, 1926, pp. 
101-15. 

Study of Aeroplane Dopes. By M. Deschiens. Chemie et Industrie, 15, 
No. 1, pp. 18-27 (1926). The functions of the various materials used are 
discussed. 

Nitrocellulose Varnishes and Lacquers. By J. H. Frydlender. Rev. Prod. 
Chim., 29, Sept. 15, 1926, pp. 577-81. Review of progress in their manufacture, 
testing and application in the course of the last year. 

Nitrocellulose Lacquer Paints. By J. H. Frydlender, Rev. Prod. Chim., 29, 
pp. 807-13 (1926). A review of their manufacture, composition, properties and 
application. 

Colloidal Properties of Nitrocellulose Sols in Mixed Roles, By A. Highfield. 
Z. Physikal Chem., 123, pp. 245-70 (1926). 

Trade Names of Solvents, Diluents and Plasticore of the Cellulose Lacquer 
Industry. By C. P. van Hoek. Farben-Ztg., 31, pp. 2885-6 (1926). The cor- 
responding chemical names are given. 

Physical Constants and Individual Properties of Cellulose Lacquer Solvents, 
Thinners and Plasticizers. By C. P. van Hoek. Farben-Ztg., 32, pp. 624-8 
(1926). Boiling point, density, inflammability, odor, physiological action, solu- 
bility, solvent action, etc., for over two hundred materials given. 

Mixed Dopes from Cellulose Acetate and Rubber. By A. Hutin. Rev. gén. 
mat. plastiques, 2, pp. 208-10 (1926). Comparison of the solvent action of 
various organic haus on cellulose acetates and rubber; solvents of one are 
non-solvents of the other. 

New Way of Cellulose Lacquering. By H. Rasquin. Farben-Ztg., 31, pp. 
1293-95. 

The Recovery of Nitrocellulose Solvents During Spraying. By Peter Schlum- 
bohm. Farben-Zig., 32, p. 82 (1926). The advantages of spraying in vacuo 
are discussed. 

Cellulose Varnishes. By I. F. Schmitt. Caoutchouce and Gutta-Percha, 23, 
p. 18346 (1926). The general composition of cellulose varnishes and the most 
suitable types of materials are described. 

Accelerated Paint Testing. By M. Schulz. Farben-Zeitung, 31, pp. 2879-82 
(1926). The author analyzes atmospheric disintegrating influences and outlines 
tests for obtaining similar but accelerated results. 

Micrography of Oil Films and Lac Films. By E. Stern. Kolloid Z., 39, 
pp. 330-4 (1926). The author believes it possible to discover the quality of 
films by photomicrography much more rapidly than it has been done here- 
tofore. 

Plastifiers or Softeners for Nitrocellulose. By M. R. Trimmer. Farbe wu. Lack, 
Sept. 1, 1926, p. 441. The effect of softeners on the hardness of the finished 
lacquer and its effect in lowering the inflammability. 

Covering Colors. By W. Vogel. Gerber, 52, pp. 196-7 (1926). Pigment finishes 
and nitrocellulose lacquers are briefly reviewed. 

Ethyl Lactate as a Solvent of Cellulose. By A. Wolff. Farbe wu. Lack, 1926, 
T-31, No. 22, p. 276. Ethyl lactate is sold in Germany under the name of 
Solactol. 


479. 


480. 


481. 


482. 


483. 


484. 


485. 


486. 


487. 


488. 


489. 


490. 


491. 


492. 


493. 


494. 


495, 


496. 


497. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 269 


The Old and New Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By F. Zimmer. Chemiker-Ztg., 
50, No. 64, pp. 453-4 (1926). A review. 

In What Industries Are Modern Nitrocellulose Varnishes Really Exploited? 
By F. Zimmer. Farben-Ztg., 1926, T-31, No. 35, p. 1961. Nitrocellulose lac- 
quers find their greatest use in the wood varnishing industries and in the auto- 
mobile industry. 
How to Use Dipping Lacquers. By J. C. Alsee. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 6, 
p. 18 (1927). Explains the practical requirements of satisfactory dip lacquers 
and the method of their use. 

Lacquer, Varnish and Enamel Drying. Anon. Industrial Gas, Feb., 1927, p. 23. 
The use of gas oven in the drying of lacquer, varnish and enamel finished arti- 
cles has proved a success as well as a great financial saving. 

Rounding Out Foundation Coats for Reception of Lacquer Is One of the Most 
Important Factors in Complete Finish. Anon. Motor Vehicle Monthly, 
March, 1927, 44. Deals with the importance of proper preparation of the sur- 
face before applying lacquer. 

Pyroxylin Lacquers Versus Paint and Varnish. Anon. Industrial Bulletin of 
Arthur D. Little, March, 1927. Comments on the remarkable increase in the 
use of lacquers during the past three years. 

Brush Lacquer. Anon. Better Homes and Gardens, March, 1927, p. 38. An 
interesting non-technical article on brush lacquers. 

Cadmium Colors for Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Anon. Paant, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 83; No. 11; 16-16A, March 17, 1927. A description of the preparation 
and properties of cadmium pigments. 

U. S. Statistics of Paint and Varnish Production and Sales. Last Half 1926. 
Anon. Am. Paint Jl., 11, No. 28, 7-12. 

Advancement of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By F. M. Beegle and C. M. Simons. 
Abs. of papers presented before Richmond meeting of A.C.S. The paper con- 
siders the history of cellulose solutions in connection with the lacquer industry. 
Colors for Lacquers. By A. F. Brown. Am. Pt. Jour., Feb. 21, 1927, pp. 84-90. 
Discusses the properties of various pigments and dyes when used in lacquers. 
Viscosity of Nitrocellulose in Various Mixtures of Butyl Acetate, Ethyl Alcohol, 
and Benzene as Solvents. By J. R. Cochrane and G. W. Leeper. Chemistry 
and Industry, 46, No. 12; 117T-119T, March 25, 1927. All data are tabu- 
lated and the ternary mixtures are also shown as graphs. 

Research Gradually Overcoming Lacquer Color Weakness. By A. F. Denham. 
Automotive Industries, 56; 14; pp. 544-6, April 9, 1927. Table of char- 
acteristics of base pigments used in pyroxylin lacquers. 

Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. By Harvey S. Garlick. Chem. and 
Ind., 46; No. 15; 336-8, April 15, 1927. Elementary review of nitrocellulose 
lacquer. 

Lacquer and Its Composition. By W. K. Grinder. The Automobile Trimmer 
and Painter, 6, No. 5, May, 1927, p. 44. _A discussion of the raw materials used 
in commercial lacquers, their method of manufacture and desirability of each 
ingredient. 

The Revolution in the Auto Paint Shop. By Don Gillies. Western Paint Re- 
view, 12; No. 4; pp. 20-22. April, 1927. A non-technical discussion of the use 
of lacquer for automobile finishing. 

Color and Finish at Twenty-Second Annual Automobile Salon. By M. C. 
Hillick. Motor Vehicle Monthly, Jan., 1927, p. 52. 

Railroads Seek Public Approval. By M. C. Hillick. The Painters’ Magazine, 
January, 1927, p. 29. The use of lacquer and enamel finishes in railroad pas- 
senger cars is mentioned. 

The Importance in the Application and Formation of Lacquer Surfaces. 


270 


498. 


501. 


502. 


503. 


504. 


505. 


506. 


507. 


508. 


509. 


510. 


511. 


512. 


513. 


514. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


By F. W. Hopkins. Abs. of papers presented before Richmond meeting of 
A. C.S. 

Testing of Finishing Lacquer. By J. D. Jenkins and Paul R. Croll. Abs. of 
papers presented before Richmond meeting of A. C.S. A brief description is 
given of the apparatus, cycle, and method of operation used in the accelerated 
testing of lacquer finishes. 


. Lacquer Solvents from Petroleum. By D. B. Keyes. Chemcial Markets, 20; 


No. 19, pp. 705-6 (1927). The various alcohols and esters which have 
been made in commercial quantities from petroleum are discussed. 


. Accelerated Aging of Pyroxylin Films and Accompanying Changes in Physical 


Characteristics. By A. J. LaPointe. Abs. of papers presented before Richmond 
meeting of A. C.S. 

Brushing Lacquers. B. C. Ludwig. The Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 
6, No. 4, pp. 41-2. (1927). Forecasts the introduction of a “gun-flowing lacquer.” 
Equipping the Lacquer Shop. By John Stewart MacClary. Automobile Trim- 
mer and Painter, 6; No. 3; p. 59 (1927). Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 6, 
No. 1, pp. 48-51. Describes pressure apparatus, apparatus for chemical paint 
removers, and sand spray removers. 

Why Viscosity Tests Are Important. By W. H. Martindale. Industrial Fin- 
ishing, 3, No. 5, p. 38 (1927). Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 7; pp. 28, 30, 32 
(1927). General discussion of viscosity tests and how to interpret the results 
of said tests. 

Perfect Spraying of All Materials. By R. S. Masterson. Industrial Finishing, 
3, No. 6, pp. 7-10. April, 1927. A discussion of the causes of “orange peel” 
lacquer surfaces. 

Oriental Lacquering. By B. G. Meade. Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 3, p. 26 
(1927). A discussion of the difference between ancient and modern lacquers. 
Lacquer Catechism. By William J. Miskella. Automobile Trimmer and 
Painter, 6, No. 3, pp. 32-4 (1927). The first of a series of articles containing 
questions and answers on lacquering, varnishing, spraying, japanning and 
painting. 

Explanation of Lacquer Uses Is Chief Development in Finishing. By W. J. 
Miskella. Factory, 38, pp. 88-90 (1927). 

Lacquers and Their Solvents. By Wm. Mueller. Paint and Varnish Record, 
Feb., 1927, p. 14. The success in formulating a lacquer depends chiefly upon 
the proper selection and combination of solvents. 

Notes on Lacquer. By H. A. Nibecker. Drugs, Oils and Paints, March, 1927, 
p. 340. A general review of the uses of lacquer, their ingredients and method 
of preparation. 

Composition and Formulation of Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By Arthur Orr. 
Canad. Chem. and Met., 11; No. 1; pp. 11-15, Jan., 1927. A general review 
covering composition of lacquer, cottons, solvents, boiling point, stability, tol- 
erance, hygroscopicity, resins, diluents, pigments, plasticizers, and formulation 
of lacquers. 

Utilizing Shellac in Lacquers. By John W. Paisley. Am. Paint Jl., 11; No. 29; 
p. 20. A discussion of the optimum methods of using shellac in lacquers. 
Paint and Varnish Developments Since 1902. By R.S. Perry. Chem. and Met., 
34; No. 4; pp. 254-6, April, 1927. A review. Includes a brief history of 
the development of lacquers. 

The Course of Paint and Varnish Production Since 1914. By George H. Priest. 
Am. Paint Jl. 11; No. 29; pp. 7-10, 12-14, May 9, 1927. An editorial anal- 
ysis of the biennial census of the paint and varnish industries. 

Recent Developments in Wood Lacquer. By W. K. Schmidt. Furniture Man- 


i 
EET or os 


2 S. ~o FS - 


515. 


516. 


532. 


533. 


534. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 271 


ufacturer, March, 1927, p. 68. Information is given pertaining to the successful 
application of wood lacquers. 

Brushing Lacquers. By Maximilian Toch. Abs. of papers presented before 
Richmond meeting of A. C. S. A discussion of the present difficulties of 
brushing lacquers. 

Certain Solvent Properties of Furfural and Its Derivatives. By John P.: 
Trickey. J. J. E. C., May, 1927, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 643-4. Tables are given 
which show the solubility of gums and resins, dilution ratios, rate of evapora- 
tion and relative viscosities of nitrocellulose solutions. 


. Solving the Drying Problems of the Lacquer Finish. By R. Trautschold. 


Factory, 38, Feb., 1927, p. 307. 


. Wood Finishing. By F. N. Vanderwalker. Amer. Painter and Decorator, 


Jan., 1927, p. 49. A discussion of varnish and lacquer enamel finishes on new 
wood. 


. Lacquer Pointers. By E. W. Windsor. Automobile Trimmer and Painter, 


6, No. 3, pp. 38-40, March, 1927. Some practical notes concerning the 
use and application of automobile lacquers. 


. Lacquer Finished Furniture. By E. W. Windsor. Automobile Trimmer and 


Painter, 6, No. 1, Jan., 1927, pp. 45-7. Practical directions for the refinishing 
of furniture with lacquer. 


. Buy Lacquers to Suit Your Needs. By W.C. Wilson. Paint, Oil and Chemical 


Review, 83, No. 22, pp. 10-11 (1927). 


. Butanol in the Lacquer Industry. By H. W. Denny. Paint, Oil and Chemical 


Review, 83, No. 22, pp. 12-13 (1927). 


. Shellac—A Lacquer Constituent. By John W. Paisley. Paint, Oil and Chem- 


wal Review, 83, No. 22, pp. 26-27 (1927). 


. Progress in the Lacquer Field. By H. W. Haines. Paint, Oi and Chemical 


Review, 83, No. 22, p. 14 (1927). 


. Methods of Applying Lacquer. By W. J. Miskella. Paint, Oil and Chemical 


Review, 83, No. 22, pp. 16-19, 25-26 (1927). 


. Nitrocellulose Finishes in Use. By L. Valentine Pulsifer. Paint, Oil and 


Chemical Review, 83, No. 22, pp. 20-23 (1927). 


. Cellulose Ester Varnishes. By S. Smith. Chemical Age (London), 16, p. 281 


(1927). 


. Lacquer for Passenger Cars and Locomotives. By R. M. Cook. Railway 


Mechanical Engineer, 101 (April, 1927), pp. 214-15. 

Lacquer Finishes as Applied to Passenger Cars. By H. Hengeveld. Ralway 
Mechanical Engineer, 101 (April, 1927), pp. 213-14. 

Some Properties of Cellulose Acetate. By M. Deschiens. Rev. Prod. Chim., 
320; pp. 41-5 (1927). 


- Color Depth and Brightness Determinations on Resins, Varnishes, Oils and 


the Like. By Ewald Fonrobert. Farben-Zeitung, 32,7 NOs. 1b <9 70D. 
Jan. 8, 1927. A discussion of the advantages to commerce inherent in the use 
of a uniform color standard for such materials, and an argument for the adop- 
tion of the iodine standard. 

Composition and Method of Formulation of Lacquers for Metals, Wood and 
Automobiles. By Arthur Orr. Revue générale des matiéres plastiques, 3, 
No. 3, pp. 156-61. March, 1927. Translated from Mr. Orr’s address before the 
Dominion Convention of Chemists at Montreal. 

Glossary of the Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Industry. By D. Davidson. 
Pamphlet published by Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 1927; 52 pages. Gives def- 
initions of words used by the paint and varnish industries. 

Relation of Fluidity, Rate of Shear and Solvent Composition in Nitrocellulose 


272 


537. 


538. 


539. 


540. 


541. 


542. 


543. 


544. 


545. 


546. 


547. 


548. 


549. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Dispersions. By Williamson and Kraemer. Paper presented at Regional Meet- 
ing of A. C. S. in Chicago, May 27-28, 1927. 


. Solubility of Cellulose Derivatives. By Von Neuenstein. Kolloid-Z., 41, 183- 


185, 1927. 


. The Negative Catalysis. By Carl Bittner. Farben-Ztg., 32, 1258 (1927). Plas- 


ticizers used in the nitrocellulose lacquer industries exert negative catalytic 
action on the drying process of wood oil varnishes. 

Remarkable Growth in Use of Lacquer Enamels. By Arthur Orr. Can. 
Chem. and Met., 11, pp. 169-70 (1927). Discusses briefly the composition of 
lacquer, reviews the history of the production of butanol, and discusses the 
advantages which lacquer offers to the automobile manufacturer, furniture 
manufacturer, interior decorator and to the householder. 
Mistakes of Lacquer Makers. Anon. Paint, Ow and Chem. Rev., 83, No. 22, 
p. 6, June 2, 1927. An editorial urging that only the best nitrocellulose be 
used in lacquer. 

Lacquer for Automobiles. By M. Deschiens. Rev. gén. mat. plastiques, 3, 
pp. 297-300 (1927). A discussion of the solvents and plasticizers used in nitro- 
cellulose lacquers. 

Hints on Lacquer Making. By H. Nibecker. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 83, 
No. 23, pp. 14, 15-18. June 9, 1927. Lacquer solvents, plasticizers, diluents and 
gums are defined and the most commonly used substances in each group are 
mentioned. 

Behavior of Pigments in Varnish and Lacquer. Anon. Motor Vehicle Monthly, 
July, 1927, p. 46. Some pigments employed in varnish and known for their 
durable qualities have been observed to act adversely in lacquer. 

How to Get Best Results from Lacquer Processes. Anon. Motor Vehicle 
Monthly, July, 1927, p. 47. It is essential that the surface be clean and abso- 
lutely without trace of grease, moisture or foreign substance. The materials 
used in the preparatory coats, as well as the workmanship, must be the best. 
Grinding of Cellulose Lacquer. Anon. Ow and Colour Trades J., 71, 1682-6 
(1927). A number of mill manufacturers state their opinions as to the best 
types of mills for use in grinding cellulose lacquers. 

Modern Lacquer—Its Use and Place in the Architectural Field. By Arthur 
Orr. Painters Magazine, August, 1927, p. 21. The writer gives valuable facts 
relating to the advantages and disadvantages of lacquer as used for various 
purposes, and also pointers on methods of application. 

Cellulose Varnishes. By F. Schmitt. Caoutchouc & Gutta-percha, 24, pp. 13,- 
489-90, 13,530-1, 13,364-5 (1927). The use of heavy pigments and the general 
application of cellulose varnishes are discussed. 

Briggs Body Plant Fire. By E. Schuenemann and H. B. Fox. Quarterly of the 
Nat'l Fire Protection Assoc., 21, No. 1, July, 1927, pp. 73-80. Describes in 
detail the nitrocellulose lacquer fire at the Briggs Body Plant in Detroit. 
Modern Solvents and Plasticizers for Cellulose Nitrate. By A. Noll. Farben- 
Ztg., 32, 1553-55 (1927). Physical data are given for a number of liquids which 
have now largely replaced commercial amyl acetate as solvents for cellulose 
derivatives. 

Automobile Finish. By H.C. Mougey. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, No. 10, pp. 1102-3. 
October, 1927. Discusses the part which the chemist has played in the develop- 
ment of baking enamel, paints, varnishes and lacquers for automobile finishes 
and mentions briefly the advantages of lacquers over varnish finishes for cars. 
Airplane Dopes. By H. T. 8S. Britton. Industrial Chemist, March, 1927, pp. 
116-20. A description of the manufacture of acetate and nitrate dopes. Plas- 
ticizers are discussed, with particular emphasis on triphenyl phosphate. 


550. 


551. 


552. 


553. 


50A. 


555. 


506. 


557. 


558. 


559. 


567. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 273 


Selecting the Proper Lacquer Plasticizers. Anon. Chemical Markets, October 
18, 1927, p. 491. 

What Causes Lacquer to Blush and How to Prevent It. By J. C. Alsee. 
Industrial Finishing, 3, No. 10, p. 9, 1927. Cause is attributed to high humidity. 
Suggests use of a “retarder” composed of high boiling solvents. | 
Vanderwalker Urges Master Painters to Educate Themselves in the Use of 
Lacquers. By F. Vanderwalker.’ Am. Paint Journal, 11, No. 43, pp. 18-20, 22, 
24, 77-8, 80, 82 (1927). Deals in general with experiments carried out by the 
author with architectural lacquers and includes the lacquering of plaster and 
a proper undercoat for use on wood and plaster. 

Relation Between the Solubility and the Viscosity of Nitrocellulose and the 
Physical Properties of Celluloid. By Mich Reclus. Rev. gén. mat. plastiques, 
3, No. 7, pp. 425, 7, 9, 31, July, 1927. The viscosity of cellulose solutions de- 
pends upon the degree of nitration of the cellulose, the modifications of the 
cellulose used and the nature of the solvent. 

Importance of the Priming Coat. By J. H. Calbeck. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 84, No. 1, pp. 10-11, July 7, 1927. Points out the importance of the 
priming coat. 

Painting Cement and Plaster: Problems Involved in, and the Results of, 
Super-accelerated Alkali Water Tests. By H. A. Gardner. U.S. Paint Manufrs. 
Assoc., Feb., 1927, Circ. No. 299, pp. 65-124. 

R. W. Freise Discusses History of Nitrocellulose and Predicts Solution of 
Lacquer Problems. By R. W. Freise. Am. Paint J., 11, No. 37, pp. 60, 62, 64 
(1927). Deals mainly with the early history of nitrocellulose. 

Plasticizers and Softeners for Cellulose Lacquer. Anon. Farbe u. Lack, May 
25, 1927, No. 22, p. 297. A brief discussion of the properties of the more 
commonly used plasticisers 1s given. 
Lacquer Surfaces. By F. M. Beegle and C. M. Simmons. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 84, No. 7, pp. 10-11 (1927). 

Cellulose Lacquer for Automobile. By M. Deschiens. Rev. gén. mat. plas- 
tiques, 3, No. 7, pp. 437-9 (1927). Discusses the advantages of lacquer over 
other methods of finishing automobiles and gives a formula for the composition 
of lacquer. 


. Cellulose Paints. Anon. Natwre, 119, May 14, 1927, page 727. The require- 


ments of nitrocellulose enamels and the method of their application. 


. Solvent Balance. By Bruce K. Brown and Chas. Bogin. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 


No. 9, Sept., 1927, p. 968. The proper balancing of solvents and non-solvents 
in lacquer formulation is discussed. 


. The Effect of Thinners Upon the Consistency of Nitrocellulose Solutions. By 


P. E. Marling. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, No. 9, Sept., 1927, pp. 980-1. 


. Application and Formation of Lacquer Surfacers. By F. W. Hopkins. Ind. 


Eng. Chem., 19, No. 9, p. 974 (1927). 


. Nitrocellulose Lacquers. Nitration and Purification of Cellulose. By A. M. 


Munro. Chem. Eng. Mining Rev., 19, 258-61 (1927). Solvents for nitrocellu- 
lose—manufacture and application of cellulose-ester varnishes. 


. Modern Solvents and Lacquers. By H. W. Haines. Chemicals, 28, No. 13, 


pp. 7-9, Sept., 1927. Discusses rather generally the constituents and uses of 
lacquer. Advocates the use of anhydrous alcohol. 

Change in Fluidity with Rate of 'Flow as a Characteristic Property of Nitro- 
cellulose Dispersions. By R. V. Williamson and E. O. Kraemer. Abs. of 
papers presented at A. C. S. Meeting at Detroit, Sept., 1927. 

Constants of Nitrocellulose Solvents. By J. A. Bridgman. Abs. of papers 
presented at A. C. 8. Meeting at Detroit, Sept., 1927. 


. The Explosive Properties of Lacquer Solvent Vapors. By E. G. Richardson 


274 


569. 


570. 


571. 


572. 


573. 


574. 
575. 
576. 


577. 


578. 


579. 


580. 


581. 


582. 


583. 


584. 


585. 


586. 
587. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


and C. R. Sutton. Abs. of papers presented at A. C. S. Meeting at Detroit, 
Sept., 1927. The range of vapor concentrations in air which are explosive have 
been determined for a number of typical lacquer solvents. 

Thinners for Nitrocellulose Lacquers. By J. G. Davidson and E. Reid. Abs. 
of papers presented at A. C. & Meeting at Detroit, Sept., 1927. Discusses the 
use of cellosolve and cellosolve acetate in lacquers. 

A Comparison of Varnish and Lacquer as Wood Finishing Materials. By F. W. 
Hopkins. Abs. of papers presented at A. C. S. Meeting at Detroit, Sept., 1927. 
Stains for Use Under Lacquers. By M.S. Armstrong. Abs. of papers presented 
at A. C. S. Meeting at Detroit, Sept., 1927. The most satisfactory stain for 
use under lacquer is an acid dye dissolved in water. 

An Analysis of Cellulose Ester Varnishes. By H. Dabisch. Farben-Ztg., 32, 
1609-1611 (1927). A general scheme for the analysis of nitrocellulose varnish is 
given. 

Precautions to be Observed in Use of Lacquer Recommended by Safety Engi- 
neers. Anon, Am. Paint J., 11, No. 33, p. 57, June 20, 1927. The need 
of thorough ventilation and cleanliness of the spray booths is stressed. 
Nitrocellulose Varnishes. By Louis Macre. Rev. gén. caoutchouc, 1927, No. 29, 
pp. 19-20. A brief description of their characteristics. 

Plasticizers and Softeners. By Thos. H. Durrans. Chem. Trade J., 80, 251-2 
(1927). A brief review of commercial lacquer plasticizers. 

Use of Lacquer Enamels. By Arthur Orr. Chemicals, 27, No. 25, p. 27, 
June 20, 1927. A general review of the lacquer industry. 

Successful Wood Lacquer Finishes. By Walter S. Edgar. Auto. Trimmer and 
Painter, 6, No. 6, June, 1927, pp. 36-9. Discusses the preparation of wood sur- 
face for finishing, the factors which cause bleaching of the fillers, and the 
causes of blushing in lacquer. 

How to Reduce Finishing Room Fire Hazards. By W. J. Smart, Industrial 
Finishing, 4, No. 2, Dec., 1927, pp. 9-11. The article calls attention to 
some of the causes of lacquer fires. The author recommends strict enforcement 
of the rules and precautions of the Board of Fire Underwriters. 

The Maintenance of Samples of Standards. By M. G. Bell. Paint, Oil and 
Chem. Rev., 84, No. 24, Dec. 15, 1927, p. 10. The author discusses the use and 
preservation of standard samples used in the lacquer, paint and varnish 
industry. , 
Hazards Incidental to Spray Painting. By H. L. Miner. Amer. Paint Jour., 
11, No. 49, Sept., 1927, pp. 7-12, 70-4. 

Removing Lacks from Lacquer. By R. L. Masterson. Ind. Finishing, 3, 
No. 11, pp. 26-32, Sept., 1927. A rather general article discussing the materials 
used in nitrocellulose lacquer. 

Notes on Brushing Lacquet. By Donald Davidson. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 84, No. 10, pp. 15-6 (1927). The six types of raw materials used in lacquer 
are briefly discussed. 
Vessels and Paints Resistant to Sulphur Chloride. By Rudolf Ditmar. 
Gummi-Ztg., 41, 1848 (1927). Cellulose acetate lacquer is recommended for 
use in certain places where resistant coatings are needed. 

Synthetic Resins in Lacquers. By E. C. B. Kirsopp and W. J. Kelley. Abs. of 
paper presented at Detroit A. C. S. meeting, September, 1927. 

Nitrocellulose for Use in Lacquers. By Von Muhlendahl and H. Schulz. 
Farben-Ztg., 32, 2021-2022 (1927). Stability, solubility and viscosity determina- 
tions to be carried out on nitrocellulose are described. 

To Prevent Lacquer Explosions. Anon. Chemicals, September 12, 1927, p. 15. 
A Four-year Paint Test in Forty Days. Anon. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev., 


588. 


589. 


590. 


591. 


592. 


593. 


594. 


595. 


596. 


597. 


598. 


601. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER — 275 


84, No. 4, p. 11, July 28, 1927. Describes an accelerated weather test wheel 
consisting of a six foot drum to which test panels are bolted. 

Aging of Pyroxylin Lacquer Films. By A. J. Lapointe. Paint, Oil and Chem. 
Rev., 84, No. 4, p. 10, July 28, 1927. A discussion of the factors influencing 
the durability of lacquer films. 

Cumar Resin in the Varnish and Lacquer Industry. By John Kennedy. > 
Official Digest, Federation of Paint and Varnish Clubs, No. 66, April, 1927, 
pp. 7-10. 

Defects in Surfacing and Lacquer Finishing Coats. By M. C. Hillick. Motor 
Vehicle Monthly, May, 1927, p. 46. Methods by which defective lacquer fin- 
ishes may be prevented, and causes of the troubles which most frequently 
arise. 

Lacquers, Crackle and Crystallizing. American Painter and Decorator, April, 
1927, p. 80. These finishes are usually applied by means of the spray gun, but 
in some instances the dipping process is used. 

Lacquered Pianos. By Joseph Cowan. Ind. Finishing, 3, No. 7, p. 36 (1927). A 
schedule for finishing pianos with lacquer is given in this article. 

Lacquer Pointers. By E. W. Windsor. The Auto. Trimmer and Painter, 6, 
No. 3, p. 38 (1927). Problems which are certain to confront the automobile 
finisher at some time or other are presented and answered. The information 
offered covers a variety of subjects. 

Lacquer Shop, Equipping the. By John Stewart MacClary. The Auto. Trim- 
mer and Painter, 6, No. 3, p. 59 (1927). Very important in the equipping of the 
lacquer shop is the need of successful means by which to remove old paint from 
automobile bodies in preparing the surface for a new finish. Paint removing 
equipments resolve into two general classes: The chemical systems, and the 
sand blast system. A description of each is given. 
Lacquers, When and How to Use. By Wayne R. Fuller. The Painters Maga- 
zine, April, 1927, p. 28. The following points are discussed: 1. The composi- 
tion and manufacture of lacquer. 2. A comparison of lacquer with varnish and 
enamel. 3. Specifications for the use of lacquer. 4. The present and future 
use of lacquer by the painter. 

Wood Finishing—Floor Finishing with Varnish, Wax, Lacquer and Other Coat- 
ings. Anon. American Painter and Decorator, April, 1927, p. 51. Treating on 
the following subjects: Scraping or sanding floors; fillers and filling ;: applying 
the filler; floor stains and staining; colorful and two-tone finishes; uniforming 
floor colors; choice of finishes and the lacquer finish. 

Application and Formation of Lacquer Surfacers. By F. W. Hopkins. Ind. & 
Eng. Chem., 19, 974 (1927). An ideal surfacer is one which builds quickly, dries 
rapidly with a smooth surface, and sands easily to a hard non-porous surface to 
which lacquers may be applied. The pigment must not bleed. Iron oxides 
other than red oxide, together with a limited amount of extenders, are exten- 
sively used. 

Broom Handle Finishing—Lacquers. By J. C. Alsee. Jnd. Finishing, 3, No. 
11, pp. 46-50 (1927). There is described some of the materials, methods, equip- 
ment and colors employed by certain manufacturers of broom handles. 


. Dilution Ratios of Nitrocellulose Solvents. By J. G. Davidson and E. W. Reid. 


Ind. & Eng. Chem., 19, 977-80 (1927). A study of various lacquer diluents with 
special reference to gasoline. 


. Effect of Certain Organic Bases in Plasticized Nitrocellulose Films. By L. L. 


Steele. Ind. & Eng. Chem., 19, p. 807 (1927). Suggests that the failure of 
lacquers is due to hydrolytic splitting of the cellulose ester and the effect of 
the nitric acid evolved. Suggests the use of stabilizers or anti-acids in films. 
Hazards of Spray Coating Processes. By H. F. Smyth. Nation’s Health, 9, 


276 


602. 


603. 


604. 


605. 


606. 
607. 


608. 


609. 
610. 


611. 


612. 


613. 


614. 


615. 


616. 


617. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


No. 5, 24-6 (1927). Some lacquer sprayers showed evidence of the effects of 
their work, having mild symptoms indicative of benzene absorption, and a 
blood picture more or less typical. 

Hints on Lacquer Making. By H. Nibecker. Paint, Oil and Chem. Rev. 
June 9, 1927, p. 14. To produce satisfactory lacquers it is necessary to examine 
all ingredients and analyze what takes place. 

Improved Lacquers Make Fast Auto Painting Successful. By M. C. Hillick. 
Painters Magazine, June, 1927, p. 22. Process by which rapid and satisfactory 
results are obtained in the use of the newer nitrocellulose finishes. The possi- 
bility of the development of a high lustre lacquer which would dispense with 
the process of polishing is predicted. 

Lacquer Catechism. American Painter and Decorator, June, 1927, p. 34. The 
answers to the questions which are given contain practical information for the 
person who is interested in the subject of lacquer. 

Lacquers to Suit Your Needs. By W. Courtney Wilson. jadaaiial Fimshing, 
3, No. 9, p. 16; No. 10, p. 26 (1927). The author explains practical facts 
about the composition of lacquers, and points out the importance of selecting 
lacquer to suit one’s own particular requirements. 

Manufacture of Cellulose Varnishes. Anon. Farbe u. Lack, 1927, No. 19, 261. 
Proper Thinnners Are Vital to Good Lacquer. By Don Gillies. Western Paint 
Review, May, 1927, p. 20. Explaining why the use of an improper thinner is 
apt to cause “blushing,” and advising against the use of a thinner which has 
not been tried out for the particular lacquer employed and recommended by 
the lacquer manufacturer. 

Successful Wood Lacquer Finishes. By Walter 8. Edgar. The Automobile 
Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 6, p. 37 (1927). The subjects presented are: 
preparation of wood surfaces, and how it differs from that of metal surfaces— 
difference in lacquer applications—fillers and why they bleach. 

Testing of Plasticisers for Nitrocellulose Varnishes. By E. U. Muhlendahl and 
H. Schulz. Farbe u. Lack, 1927, No. 20, 276. 

Truth About Cellulose Lacquer. “Kauri.” Od & Col. Trades J., 72, 179-81 
(1927). 

A Primer on Lacquer Spraying. By W. D. Milne. Quarterly Nat. Fire Prvtec- 
tion Assoc., 21, 55-72 (1927). A summary of hazards in spraying pyroxylin 
lacquers, regulations, fire record classified as to causes, and a discussion of the 
effectiveness of sprinkler operation in connection with lacquer and varnish 
spraying fires. It is accompanied by a record of 19 such fires leading up to the 
$2,000,000 Briggs body plant pyroxylin lacquer fire. 


Viscosity of Nitrocellulose. By O. Merz. Farben-Ztg., 32, 2768-2771, 2886-. 


2887 (1927). Published literature on the viscosity of nitrocellulose solutions and 
its determination is summarised. 

The Kauri-Butanol Solvency Test. By S. R. Kiehel. Paint, Orl and Chem. 
Rev., 84, No. 19, pp. 10-18. Nov. 10, 1927. Describes experiments to develop 
a test for the tolerance of varnish gums for diluents. 

Effect of Lacquer Plasticizer in Varnish. Paint, Ozl and Chem. Rev., 84, 
No. 19, p. 18; Nov. 10, 1927. The presence of small amounts of dibutyl 
phthalate greatly increases the life of varnishes. 

Lacquering Tea Room Furniture. Industrial Finishing, 4, No. 1, p. 12, 
November, 1927. Relates an experience in a small furniture factory, where 
excessive labor costs prevailed until materials and methods were brought com- 
pletely up-to-date. 


Varnish Versus Lacquer. By F. W. Hopkins. Paint, Oil and Chemical Re- 


view, 84, No. 23, p. 10, December, 1927. 
New Solvents and Their Specific Uses. Anon. Chemist & Druggist, 105, 667, 


eS 


| Sa 


618. 
619. 
620. 


621. 


622. 


623. 


624. 


625. 


626. 


627. 


628. 


629. 


630. 


631. 


632. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 277 


730-1, 804-5, 866-7 (1926); 106, 11-2, 110-11, 163-4, 221, 282, 343, 435, 530, 586, 
646, 716, 787 (1927). Gives the solubility of cellulose nitrate and acetate, 
resins, gums and common organic diluents in a large number of solvents. 
Choosing Lacquer Solvents. Anon. Chem. Markets, 21, No. 19, Nov. 10, 1927, 
p. 637. 

Scratch-Proof Lacquer? Anon. Industrial Finishing, 4, No. 1, p. 92, Novem- 
ber, 1927. 

Lacquer Used to Finish Skyscraper Trim. Anon. Industrial Finishing, 4, 
No. 1, pp. 10-11, November, 1927. 

Paint and Varnish. Anon. Times Trade and Engineering Supplement, Novem- 
ber 26, 1927, p. 26. The author traces recent lines of development in the paint, 
varnish and lacquer industries in England, United States and Germany. 
Lacquers by Specification. By James B. Day. Ind. Finishing, 4, No. 2, 
p. 11, December, 1927. The author notes and commends an increase in the 
buying of lacquer by specification. 

Is Lacquer Spraying Hazardous? By E. W. Windsor. The Automobile Trim- 
mer and Painter, 6, No. 11, pp. 39-48 (1927). Discusses the fire hazards of 
lacquer spraying. The author does not believe that there is undue danger 
provided proper precautions are taken. 

Organophile Colloids. By J. Simonin. Rev. gén. mat. plast., 3, No. 10, 
pp. 603-9, October, 1927. A comparison of .solvents for cellulose esters and 
rubber. 

Flat Varnishes and Lacquers. By S. P. Wilson. Ind. Finishing, 4, No. 1, 
November, 1927, pp. 9-10. Attention is called to the characteristics, merits and 
uses of flat varnishes and lacquers. 

Use of Amyl Solvents in Lacquers. By M. M. Wilson. Am. Paint Journal, 
Convention Daily, October 27, 1927, p. 19. A discussion on synthetic amyl 
acetate. 

Nitrocellulose Collodions and Celluloid Films. By André Breguet. Rev. gén. 
mat. plastiques, 2, 215-25, 297-302, 429-35, 507-13, 563-7, 629-43, 679-95 (1926) ; 
3, 71-7, 368-71, 487-98 (1927). A review of the stability and viscosity of nitro- 
cellulose collodions. 

Early History of Nitrocellulose. By R. W. Friese. Official Digest, Fed. of 
Paint and Var. Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Refers to the rapid growth of 
lacquer industry in this country. Presents an interesting account of Schoen- 
bein’s original experiments and his predictions regarding the future use of 
nitrocellulose. Refers briefly to methods of manufacture. Points out some of 
the difficulties with lacquers and predicts that these difficulties will soon be 
entirely overcome by the chemist. 

Problems for Research in Lacquer and Varnish. By Paul S. Kennedy. Furni- 
ture Manufacturer, December, 1927, p. 60. The failures of lacquer and varnish 
films have been found to be very similar, as revealed by a study made by the 
writer, and presented in this article. Consideration has also been given to the 
development of a clear lacquer, which will withstand outside exposure. 
Grinding of Lacquer Pastes in Pebble and Steel Ball Mills. By E. H. Trussell, 
Official Digest, Fed. Paint and Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Refers 
to the dispersion of pigments in vehicles for use in lacquers. Presents require- 
ments of mills for this purpose. Gives information on the comparative cost of 
mills and time of grinding of various pigments which are ordinarily difficult to 
grind. 

Roller Mill Grinding Lacquers. By Walter A. McKim. Official Digest, Fed. 
Paint and. Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Presents the advantages of 
roller mills for grinding lacquer pastes. 

Grinding Lacquer Pastes on High Speed Roller Mills. By F. W. Hopkins. 


278 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Official Digest, Fed. Paint and Varnish Prod. Clubs, December, 1927. Presents 
information regarding two types of drives, speed of rollers, horsepower of 
motors, for grinding lacquer pastes. States that the fineness of pastes so ground 
is quite satisfactory for lacquer in comparison with belt-driven roller mills. 
Refers to method of operation and upkeep of the mills. 

633. Why Are Lacquer Enamels Sprayed? By Herman E. Wennstrom. The Auto- 
mobile Trimmer and Painter, 6, No. 9, p. 49 (1927). The advantages of apply- 
ing lacquer by spraying are enumerated. 

634. Preparing the Metal. By E. W. Windsor. The Automobile Trimmer and 
Painter, 6, No. 10, p. 36 (1927). Where a lacquer primer is used, and a per- 
manent finish is expected, an absolutely clean surface is essential. The primer 
will adhere properly when the metal is clean. Priming should be carried out 
immediately following the cleaning of the metal to prevent any possibility of 
rusting. 

635. Brushing Lacquers. By M. Toch. Farben-Zeitung, 32, pp. 2710-12 (1927). 
Much time was required for the step from films of nitrocellulose on photo- 

3 graphic plates to the present development of lacquers. 

636. The Nitro-Oil or Combination Lacquer. By Fritz Kolke. Farben-Zeitung, 32, 
pp. 2710-12 (1927). Factors to be taken into consideration in formulating a 
combination lacquer (nitrocellulose lacquer combined with oil varnish). Sample 
formulas are given. 

637. E. Z. A. Specifications for Nitrocellulose Lacquers and Enamels. Anon., Farben- 
Zeitung, 32, p. 2941 (1927). 

638. Resistance of Lacquers to the Bending Test. By A. W. van Heuckeroth. 
U. S. Paint and Varnish Mfrs. Assoc. Circ.» No. 318. Tests similar to linseed 
oil extension and kauri reduction for varnishes have been devised for lacquers. 

639. Proper Finishing over Lacquer. By M. C. Hillick. Painters Magazine, 
November, 1927, pp. 33-36. All lacquer will not hold finishing varnish success- 
fully, due (1) to impervious surface; (2) plastics causing varnish to peel off. 
A type of lacquer is produced that will hold varnish successfully if two coats 
are applied. : 

640. Lacquer Finished Refrigerators. By G. H. Robertson. Jndustrial Finishing, 
3, No. 12, pp. 12-19. Contains technical information of interest to finishers of 
metal refrigerators and other sheet-metal products. 

641. Brushing Lacquer on Walls. Anon. American Painter and Decorator, October, 
1927, p. 62. How brushing lacquer may successfully be used on plastered walls 
is the subject treated in this detailed discussion. Mention is also made of 
the present vogue of lacquering wallpaper, and the requirements necessary for 
good results. 


INDICES 


A Subject Index and a Name Index for the entire volume will be found on the 
following pages. An index of patent numbers is not included since all of the 
patent abstracts have been arranged numerically by country and are hence capable 
of ready reference. The Subject Index includes every constituent of the composi- 
tions mentioned in the patents abstracted. Some difficulty was experienced in 
properly indexing the broad classes of materials sometimes claimed by inventors as 
useful in their compositions. In search for classes of compounds, the reader is 
advised to look, also, for one or more of the more common specific members of 
the class sought. 

The Name Index includes inventors of patents, the assignees, where known, and 
authors of books and technical papers listed in the literature bibliography. In the 
latter section, the reader’s attention is called to the fact that the articles have been 
listed chronologically and that contributions by the same author appearing in a 
given year have generally been grouped together. 


INDEX OF MareriaLs NAMED IN Patents CITEp * 


Abietic Acid, Salts of—Eng. Pat. 7956— 
1915. 

Acaroid Resin—Eng. Pat. 222,168—1923. 
Acetal—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345; 478,543; 
507,749; 518,387. 

Ger. Pat. 419,223. 

Acetaldehyde—Eng. Pat. 
131,647—1918. 

D.R.P. 364,347. See also aldehyde. 

Acetaldol—U.8.P. 1,082,573; 1,303,563; 
1,310,841. 

Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 22,622—1912; 
22,623—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 449,606; 449,607. 

Ger. Pat. 292,951. 

Swiss. Pat. 63,136; 63,137. 

Austrian Pat. 72,493. 

Acetamid—U'S.P. 774,677. 

Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 184,197—1921. 
Fr, Pat. 530,440. 

Acetanilid—US.P. 510617; 517,987; 
551,456; 552,209; 553,270; 564,343; 
568,104; 568,106; 1,188,356; 1,217,027; 
1,298,199; 1,398,239; 1,529,056; 1,548,- 
938; 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 1,608,743. 

Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905; 15,536—1907 ; 
106,375—1916; 124,515—1916; 127,615 
—1917; 127,678—1917; 277,626. 

Fr. Pat. 498,949; 354,942. 

See also phenylacetamid. 

Acet ortho anisidid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. 

\cet-para-anisidid—US.P. 1,090,642. 

French Pat. 459,542. 

Swiss Pat. 65,139. 

Acetates of alkalies or alkaline earths, 
use of in solvents—U.S.P. 573,132. 

Acetate compounds—Eng. Pat. 268,901. 

Acetates, mixed—US.P. 518,386; 555,596; 
1,158,217. 

Acetbenzenesulfonamid—U'S.P. 758,335. 

Acetic acid—U.S.P. 371,021; 450,264; 
494,791; 495,263; 518,387; 518,388; 
555,696; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,188, 
655; 1,188,776; 1,188,777; 1,295,533; 

— 1,316,311; 1,425,510; 1,505,820; 1,608,- 
742: 1,633,292. 

Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 7277—1893; 27,- 


* See note on preceding page. 


13,131—1900 ; 


534—1897; 13,560—1898; 11,397— 
1907 ; 1799—1909; 1799—1910; 3559— 
1910; 16,271—1911; 15,386—1913; 
127,027—1917; 131,647—1918; 179,- 
234—1921; 181,392—1922, 255,803; 
268,901. 

Fr. Pat. 319,926; 368,004; 435,417; 432,- 
483; 472,423. 

Ger. Pat. 238,361; 
276,013; 406,426. 

Swiss Pat—51,952; 60,988. 

Austrian. Pat. 47,899. 

Acetic acid, glacial—U.S.P. 1,122,554; 
1,140,174; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,420,- 
028; 1,451,313; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 1313—1865; 2694—1887; 15,- 
355—1899;  26,075—1901; 15,696— 
1903; 17,232—1904; 15,841—1909; 
1441—1910; 14,586—1910; 23,728— 
1912; 714—1914; 134,228—1919; 184,- 
495—1921; 203,449. 

Fr. Pat, 333,824; 347,303; 410,973; 412,- 
797; 413,657; 415,945; 448,808; 450,- 
746; 517,356. 

Ger. Pat. 27,031; 40,373; 86,740. 

Aust. Pat. 61,055. 

Acetic acid, glacial, use of in mfg. 
pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 494,790. 

Acetic acid, chlorethylene ester of—Fr. 
Pat. 432,264. 

Acetic acid esters — Fr. 
581,177. 

Eng. Pat. 123,628—1918; 243,030; 263,- 
076. 

Ger. Pat. 254,784. 

Swiss Pat. 95,376. 

Acetic acid glycerine esters—Eng. Pat. 
154,157—1919 

Acetic acid, nitro, chloro, glycerine 
ethers of—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Acetic anhydride—U.S.P. 888,516; 954,- 
310. 

Eng. Pat. 17,232—1904; 23,728—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 441,146. 

Acetic esters, mono—U.S.P. 1,365,049. 

Acetic esters, mono & di—Eng. Pat. 29,- 
963—1912. 


248,559; 254,193; 


Pat. 52,115; 


279 


280 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Acetic ethers—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,- Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. 
156; 1,175,791; 1,195,040; 1,343,135; Fr. Pat. 459,542. 


1,351,652; 1,354,401; 1,437,952; 1,451,- Swiss Pat. 65,139. 
313: 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; p-Acetoluid—U.S.P. 528,812. 
1,493,210; 1,512,751; 1,521,056. Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. 


Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 13,139—1894; Ger. Pat. 80,776. 
2568—1896;  11,927—1898; 9962— Acetone—US.P. 269,343; 381,354; 463,- 


1904; 3450—1906; 10,708—1911; 15,- 039; 470,451; 471,422; 507,749; 
386—1913; 12,091—1915; 124,763— 510,617; 517,987; 542,692; 543,108; 
1916; 134,228—1919; 230,663—1925. 551,456; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 
Fr. Pat. 580,882. 559,823; 561,624; 566,349; 578,714; 
Aust. Pat. 34,908; 47,899. 598,649; 596,662; 621,360; 783,828; 
Swiss Pat. 51,952. 797,373; 855,556; 881,827; 884,475; 
Acetin—U.S.P. 946,294; 1,005,454; 1,360,- 888,516; 894,108; 927,674; 942,395; 
759; 1,641,529. 972,464; 974,285; 974,900; 979,431; 
Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910; 13,131—1900; 988,965; 999,490; 1,005,454; 1,015,- 
476—1910; 25,449-—1911; 16,940— 155; 1,015,156; 1,021,569; 1,025,217; 
1913; 165,439—1921; 176,367—1921. 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,- 
Can. Pat. 214,462. 617; 1,027,618; 1,027,619; 1,035,108; 
Fr. Pat. 408,370; 465,345; 476,991. 1,039,782; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,089,- 
Ger. Pat. 240.188. 960; 1,094,830; 1,095,999; 1,105,619; 
Aust. Pat. 50,656. 1,112,890; 1,122,554; 1,133,385; 1,140,- 
See also triacetin, glyceryl triacetin. 174; 1,141,224; 1,153,574; 1,158,961; 
Acetin, mono-, di-, or tri—U SP. 1,338,- 1,161,063 ; 1,175,791; 1,181,860 ; 1,188,- 
691 356; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,188,777; 
1,195,040; 1,195,673; 1,199,798; 1,200,- 

a 4 40—1914. x ? 3 Ss F ’ Bb] > ’ ? > 

“ sae os 886; 1,202,495; 1,217,027; 1,217,125; 
Acetnaphthalid—Eng. Pat. 127,678—1917. 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244- 
Acet-@-naphthalid—U S.P. 1,090,642. 348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,256,240; 
Fr. Pat. 459,542. 1,295,533 ; 1,298,199; 1,303,563; 1,309,- 
Swiss Pat. 65.139. 980; 1,809,981; 1,310,841; 1,316,311; 
Acetoacetic acid—Fr. Pat. 340,622. BPS ia saan eae 
Aceto acetic ether—U.S.P. 1,426,521; 9 2,0KO 1M, LI GO0,;  LwUvyEal 
1,521,055. 1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,342,603; 1,343,- 
Eng. Pat. 3557—1893; 158,521—1918. Lert aie taption: (eet 
Fr. Pat. 445,638; 495,000 904,401 ; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,357,- 

Bhich sraiiviape S59 ee ose nick 447; 1,360,759; 1,363,763; 1,366,256; 
Acetochlorhydrin — U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1 370,853: 1.370.878: 1370879: 1.379 
1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- UU GOS 5 hee OOS 5 eae et races 
348 « 1 944 349 ; Sat) : ge : 596 ; 1,380,258 ; 1,382,077 ; 1,392,040; 
We Bee il ie eee ; 103; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,398,939; 
Sh ies, ene 1,398,946; 1,406,224; 1,406,498; 1,408,- 


yearn trp Ret 095; 1,408,423; 1,410,790; 1,415,059; 
hai pice ia ee 1,420,028; 1,425,510; 1,426,521; 1.429,- 
Acetodichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,027,486 ; 153; 1,429,179: 1.430.020: 1.431.900: 
1,199,800; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244, Adds 1 Re Leh. tee eens 
199,800; 1, 1,434,634; 1,437,170; 1,437,828; 1,437,- 
347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476: , é 
se : 829; 1,440,006; 1,440,178; 1,444,333; 

1,319,229; 1,386,576; 1,388,472. 1,449,156; 1,449,157; 1,453,764; 1,456,- 


Ger. Pat. 125,315. | 782; 1,467,071; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 
Aceto-dicyclo-hexylamine—U S.P. 1,200,- 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,- 
886. 103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 
Acetoglycerol—U.S.P. 996,191. 1,469,816; 1,469,839; 1,480,016; 1,481,- 
Acetol—Fr. Pat. 432,264. See also Acetyl 485; 1,485,294; 1,488,608; 1,493,207; 
carbinol. 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,500,- 


o-Acetoluid—U.S.P. 528,812; 1,090,642. 366; 1,501,206; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 


1,512,751; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,522,- 
852; 1,518,396; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 


281 


627; 263,175; 268,901; 275,969; 276,- 


834. 


1,536,052; 1,538,858; 1,538,859; 1,538,- Can. Pat. 238,217; 259,662; 260,927; 
860; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 260,463; 261,371; 268,571. 
1,552,795; 1,552,797; 1,552,806; 1,556- Fr. Pat. 184,548; 320,452; 322,457; 
512; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 324,121; 333,824; 336,970; 340,622: 
1,575,778; 1,580,189; 1,589,700; 1,591,- 342,469; 344,501; 351,555; 368,004; 
652; 1,594,525; 1,596,965; 1,607,516; 374,395; 379,589; 387,179; 379,979; 
1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,617,237; 1,626,- 387,791; 393,963; 397,429; 402,072: 
113; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,683; 412,797; 413,657; 415,517; 415,945; 
1,639,080; 1,641,411; 1,641,413; 1,644,- 418,347: 420,212; 421,843; 422,763; 
417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353; 1,653,008. 425,900; 427,804; 429,788; 432,264; 
Eng. Pat. 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 21,- 435,417; 436,538; 440,955; 441,146; 
455—1893; 6389—1896; 12,693—1896; 422.819: 432,483; 445,638: 447,645; 
7975—1897; 27,534—1897; 13,560— 447,664; 448808; 452,432: 454,379; 
1898; 20,092—1899; 7088—1902; 9992 456,261; 461,034; 461,544; 463,156; 
—1902; 4863—1903; 15,696—1903; 463,622; 464,617; 464,646; 467,800; 
5280—1904; 222451904; 26,072— 469,872: 470,092: 472,423; 477,294; 
1904; °28,376—1904; 26,201—1905; 491,490; 495,000; 498,949; 499,868; 
11,397—1907; 11,928—1907; 19,735— 501,700; 508,975; 521,370; 562,056; 
1908; 1799—1909; 11,625—1909; 24,- 580,882; 580,883; 596,838; 601,547; 
006—1909; 1441—1910; 17791910; 601,662; 611,899. 
6519—1910; 8646—1910; 10,794— D.R.P. 80,776; 103,726; 151,918; 
1910; 12,406—1910; 14,586—1910; 185,808; 189,703; 202,720; 210,519; 
21,719—1910;  2064—1911; 2145— 211,520; 238,361; 240,751; 242,467; 
1911; 4253—1911; 6798—1911; 10,- 242.786; 244,566; 246657; 253,984; 
708—1911; 16,271—1911; 16,810— 267,992; 276,661; 279,127; 281,265; 
1911; 20,976—1911; 21,426—1911; 18,- 284,672; 295,764; 314,317; 331,285; 
8221912; 23,728—1912; 28,210— 352,905; 364,347; 397,919. 
1912; 24251913; 8880—1913; 17,- Aust. Pat. 17,684; 25,570; 34,908; 
953—1913;  25,182—1913; 26,079— 45,239: 47,899; 50,656; 53,109; 61,- 


- 1913; 28,490—1913; 7086—1913; 714 055; 69,916. 

—1914; 1262—1914; 4668—1914; Swiss Pat. 53,760; 51,952; 52,115; 66,- 
8126—1914; 12,895—1914; 13,100— 509: 66,510: 67,591; 86,853; 115,116. 
1914; 14042—1914; 18,268—1914; Acetone cinchonine—U.S.P. 1,349,156. 


15,428—1915; 124,515—1916; 124,763 Acetone—glycerine—US.P. 996,191. 


—1916; 124,807—1916; 128,274— Fr. Pat. 589,732. 

1916; 127,027—1917; 127615—1917; Acetone oils—U.S.P. 1,185,514; 1,341,710; 
127,678—1917 ; 128,659—1917; 128,974 1,394,890; 1,398,239; 1,437,170; 1,469,- 
—1917; 123,628—1918; 131,369— 812; 1,562,383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 
1918; 131,647—1918; 131,669—1918; 1,633,683. 

132,996—1918; 158,521—1918; 122,- Eng. Pat. 6542-1892; 6543—1892; 13,131 
679—1919; 128,215—1919; 134,228— 1900; 714—1914. 

1919; 149,319—1919; 145,510—1920; D.RP. 281,265. 

146,212—1920; 156,752—1920; 157,126 Acetone—phenol condensation products 
—1921; 161,564—1921; 176,367— —Aust. Pat. 63,966. 

1921; 177,268—1921; 179,234—1921; Acetone sulphate of cinchonine—US.P. 
184,671—1921; 177,536—1922; 189,942 1,349,156. 

—1922 ; 195,849—1922 ; 202,154—1922; Acetone, treated with a dehydrating 
202,835—1922; 205,195—1922; 205,446 agent (burnt lime)—French Pat. 
—1923; 205,828—1923 ; 209,633—1923 ; 505,073. 

209,727—1923; 211,892—1923; 222,168 Acetonitrite—D.R.P. 368,476. 

—1923 ; 230,663—1925; 233,874—1925; Acetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649; 774,677; 


238,485—1925; 243,030; 243,350; 243,- 
722: 247,289; 256,214; 256,229; 257,- 


1,005,454; 1,467,098. 
Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. 


282 


Eng. Pat. 15,536—1907; 
128,215—1919. 

Fr, Pat.—432,264. 

Aust. Pat. 50,656. 
Acetophenon, alkyloxy derivatives of— 

Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 
Acetophenon, chlorinated—Eng. Pat. 20,- 
975—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Acet ortho phenetidid—U.8.P. 1,280,279. 

o-Acetphenetidine—Eng. Pat. 21,331— 
1894, 

p.Acetphenetidine—U.S.P. 528,812. 

Eng. Pat.—21,331—1894. 
Acet-p-toluensulfoamid—US.P. 758,335. 
Acetyl acetone—U.S.P. 1,363,763; 1,552,- 

800. 

Eng. Pat. 1381,669—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264; 501,700. 

Acetyl amyl tartrate—US.P. 1,639,080. 


476—1910; 


Acetyl benzyl-o-toluidine—Eng. Pat. 
13,100—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 408,370. 
Acetyl carbinol—Fr. Pat. 432,264. See 
acetol. 
Acetyl chloride—Fr. Pat. 441,146. 
Acetyldicyclohexylamine — Eng. Pat. 
9270—1914. 
Acetyldiphenylamine—Eng. Pat. 12,863 
—1901. 
Fr. Pat. 312,817; 432,264. 
D.R.P—132,371. 
Aust. 11,376. 
Acetylglycollic acid, amyl ester of— 
D.R.P.—324,786. 


Acetylglycollic acid, ethyl ester of— 
Aust. Pat. 78,972. 
Acetylidicyclohexylamine—D.R.P. 281,- 
225. 
Acetyl-methyl-aniline—U.8.P. 1,015,156; 
1,420,028. 
Aust. Pat. 47,899. 
Swiss Pat. 51,952. 

Acetyloxystearic acid, alkyl esters of 
mono-, di-, or tri-, —U.S.P. 1,357,876. 
Acetyloxystearic acid, glyceryl esters of 

mono-, di-, or tri-, —U.S.P. 1,357,876 
Acetyl paraethyloxyphenyl methane— 
U.S.P.—568,106. 
Acetyl paraoxyphenyl methane—U.S.P. 
568,106 
Acetyl-p-phenetidine—U.S.P. 1,460,097. 
Acetyl-phenylnaphthyl amine—Eng. Pat. 
12,863—1901. 
Loess dae dats 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Aust. Pat. 11,376 

Acetyl-phenyltolyl-amine — Eng. 
12,863—1901, 

D.R:Pi 43288 

Aust. Pat. 11,376. 

Acetyltriethylcitric ether—U.S.P. 568,- 
105. 

Acetylated 
343,182 

Acetylating textiles—Fr. Pat. 320,885. 

D.RP. 224,330. 

Acetylene, chlorinated—Swiss Pat. 63,- 
584. 

Acetylene, chlorinated derivatives of— 
Fr. Pat. 432,047; 432,264. 

Acetylene and coal tar, oils produced 

from—U.S.P. 1,563,204. 

Acetylene dichloride—US.P. 1,217,027; 
1,563,205, : 

Acetylene pentachloride—U.S.P. 1,217,- 
027. 

Acetylene tetrachloride—U.S.P. 804,960; 
972,464; 1,009,116; 1,035,108; 1,050,- 
065; 1,067,785; 1,094,830; 1,107,222; 
1,133,385; 1,173,931; 1,195,040; 1,199,- 
798; 1,217,027; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 
1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349; 1,245, 
476; 1,575,778; 1,319,229; 1,386,576; 
1,644,417; 1,644,420. 

Eng. Pat. 6751—1905; 11,625—1909; 
10,794—1910; 28,490—1913; 146,212— 
1919; 161,564—1921; 238,485—1925 ; 
258,698. 

Can. Pat. 260,463. 

Fr. Pat. 352,897 ; 402,072; 417,319; 419,- 
530; 461,058; 596,838. 

D.R.P.—175,3879; 188,542; 
331,285. 

Aust. Pat. 29,219; 34,908; 42,440. 

Swiss Pat. 52,115. 

See also tetrachlorethane. 

Acetylene trichloride—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 

Acetxylid—U.S.P. 564,343. 

Acids—U.S.P. 494,791; 794,581; 830,493. 
Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. 

Acid amides—Fr. Pat. 319,724. 

Acid proof, rendering celluloid—US.P. 
974,285; 1,481,485. 

Acid, treating plush or velvet with—Fr. 
Pat. 459,048. 

Acrylic acid, alkyl esters of—D.RP. 
367,294. 

Acyclic alcohols—Eng. Pat. 236,190— 
1925. 


Pat. 


alkylarylamines — D.RP. 


240,751 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 283 


Acyl compounds of hydrogenated aro- 
matic amines—D.R.P. 281,225. 

Acylic carbon compounds—U.S.P. 904,- 
269. 

Adherence, promoting—US.P. 1,564,664. 

Adhesion, promoting—U.S.P. 1,382,077. 

Adhesive—U.S.P. 1,242,491; 1,247,610. 

Eng. Pat. 26,072—1904; 4253—1911; 
137,455—1919; 14,586—1910; 7086— 
1913; 258,698. 

French Pat. 415,945; 447,664; 454,379; 
477,294. 

Ger. Pat. 253,984; 254,193; 276,661; 
317,412; 322,648. 

Swiss Pat. 60,988; 86,853. 

Adhesive, use of lacquer as—U.S.P.— 
1,516,506. 

Adipic acid, diethyl ester of—D.R.P. 
317,412. 

Adipic acid, dimethyl esters of—D.R.P. 
317,412. 

Adipic acid, B-methyl ester—D.R.P. 
317,412. 

Adonitediformal—U.S.P. 996,191. 

Agar—Fr. Pat. 429,166. 

Aeroplane varnishes—US.P. 1,393,355; 
1,394,890. See also dopes for aero- 
plane. 

Albumens—U.S.P. 830,498; 952,724. 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 383 
—1887; 21,485—1892; 11,927—1898;: 
4154—1909. 

Fr, Pat. 331,819; 402,028; 424,820. 

D.R.P. 207,869; 242,467. 

Albuminoids—D.R.P. 115,681. 

Aibuminous substances—U.S.P. 888,516. 

Alcohol, ethylI—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,393; 
97,454: 112,370; 150,722; 209,570: 
251,410; 262,077; 265,337; 269,341: 
269,342; 269,345; 286,212; 304,229; 
329,313; 381,354; 410,205; 410,207; 
410,209; 463,039; 470,451; 471,422: 
494,790: 494,791; 494,792: 494,793; 
495,263; 502,546; 502,547: 508,401: 
503,402; 504,905; 517,987; 518,388; 
542,692; 551,456; 552,209; 553,270; 
559,823: 559,824: 566,349; 568,106; 
572,134: 578,714; 595,355; 598,649; 
602,797; 610,728; 610,861; 628,463; 
797,373; 830,493; 874,879; 888,516; 
894,108; 928,285; 942,395; 951,582; 
961,360; 979,481; 988,965; 996,191; 
999,490: 1,005,454; 1,015,155; 1,015,- 
156; 1,027,486; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 
1,027,616; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,039,- 


782; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,116: 
1,041,118; 1,045,895; 1,067,785; 1,076,- 
216; 1,079,773; 1,089,960; 1,124,012; 
1,128,468; 1,140,174; 1,153,596; 1,158,- 
217; 1,161,063; 1,165,179; 1,175,791; 
1,181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,185,- . 
074; 1,185,514; 1,188,655; 1,188,798; 
1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,195,431; 1,195,- 
673; 1,196,144; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 
1,199,800; 1,200,886; 1,202,495; 1,205,- 
822; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 
1,226,340; 1,226,343; 1,229,485; 1,229. 
487; 1,234,921; 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 
1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244- 
349; 1,256,240; 1,265,217; 1,266,073; 
1,281,080; 1,301,187; 1,303,563; 1,308,- 
803; 1,317,276; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 
1,323,624; 1,330,421; 1,332,349; 1,352,- 
741; 1,353,385; 1,357,447; 1,357,614; 
1,360,759; 1,363,763; 1,370,853; 1,382,- 
077; 1,384,188; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 
1,393,290; 1,394,505; 1,394,890; 1,395,- 
401; 1,395,905; 1,397,173; 1,397,493; 
1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,402,- 
969; 1,405,448; 1,405,490; 1,405,491: 
1,406,224; 1,408,423; 1,410,790; 1,411, 
708; 1,418,413; 1,420,028; 1,425,173; 
1,429,153; 1,429,174; 1,429,179; 1,429,- 
188; 1,430,020; 1,431,905; 1,432,364; 
1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,427; 1,437, 
170; 1,487,792; 1,437,828; 1,437,829; 
1,437,952; 1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,440, 
006; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,449,157; 
1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,456,- 
782; 1,466,819; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 
1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1, 
467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,- 
100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103: 
1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 1,469,- 
812; 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,862; 
1,469,863; 1,479,955; 1,480,016; 1,488,- 
608; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 
1,493,210; 1,496,198; 1,500,366; 1,501,- 
206; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,512,751; 
1,521,859; 1,533,616; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 
859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 
1,548,933; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 
798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 
1,552,802; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552, 
806; 1,552,808; 1,554,505; 1,556,512; 
1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,590,156; 1,594,- 
521; 1,596,965; 1,598,949; 1,599,569: 
1,600,700; 1,607,090; 1,607,516; 1,608,- 
742; 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 
1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,626,- 


284 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


113; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,683; 
1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,644,- 
417; 1,644,420; 1,651,578; 1,652,353; 
1,653,008; 1,653,010. 


Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 639—1858; 1695 


Fr. 


—1867; 3102—1869; 1208—1871; 2484 
—1878: 959—1879; 1865—1879; 1866 
—1879; 3072—1882; 466—1883; 5974 
—1883; 5433—1884; 54131886; 383 
—1887: 5791—1887; 16,330—1887; 
5344—1889; 8823—1891; 7688—1892; 
72771893; 7784—1893; 13,139— 
1894; 15,327—1894; 6389—1896; 6858 
—1896; 12,693—1896; 13,198—1896; 
25,779-—1896; 27,534—1897; 11,927— 
1898; 15,355—1899; 8301—1901; 18,- 
7441901; 4863—1903; 15,696—1903; 
5280—1904; 99621904; 22,245 
1904; 28,376—1904; 26,201—1905; 
11,397—1907; 11,928—1907; 24,214— 
1907; 413—1908; 11,340—1909; 24,006 
—1909; 12,976—1909; 6519—1910; 
10,320—1910; 10,794—1910; 13,692— 
1910; 16,932—1910; 18,189—1910; 
21,719--1910; 29,246—1910; 29,273— 
1910; 6798—1911; 10,708—1911; 16,- 
810—1911; 20,976—1911; 20,979— 
1911; 21,426—1911; 3869—1912; 10,- 
222-1912: 18,822--1912; 28 210— 
1912; 7086—1913; 2465—1913; 6387— 
1913; 25,182—1913; 7141914; 4668 
—1914; 8126—1914; 9270—1914; 13,- 
100—1914; 14,042—1914; 140—1915; 
7956—1915; 12,091—1915; 105,137— 
1916; 124,807—1916; 127,027—1917; 
128,659—1917; 128,974—1917; 129,033 
—1917;  122,456—1918; 122,679— 
1918; 131,647—1918; 128,215—1919; 
134,228 1919; 158,586—1919; 160,- 
225—1919; 164,032—1919; 164,033— 
1919; 164,384—1919; 138,078—1920; 
145,511—1920; 146,212 1920: 148- 
117—1920; 156,752—1920; 161,564— 
1921; 179,234—1921; 182,820—1921; 
184,197—1921; 184,671—1921: 177,- 
536—1922; 190,694—1922: 194,727— 
1922; 2021541922: 202,835—1922; 
209,727—1922: 231,161—1923: 233,874 
—1925 ; 236,190 —1925 ; 238,485—1925 ; 
230,663—1925 ; 2508941926; 256,229 
—1926; 268,901—1927. 


Pat. 182,495; 184,548; 233,727: 
320,133; 322,457; 324,121; 324,718; 
328,054; 328,658; 331,819; 333,824; 


336,970; 340,622; 347,303; 351,555; 


352,853 ; 
368,004 ; 
383,478; 
408,396 ; 
417,319; 
419,530; 
423,774; 
431,711; 
439,721; 
447 645; 
456,261 ; 
469,925 ; 
483,316; 
501,700; 
521,370; 
580,882 ; 
600,178. 

Can. Pat. 179,699; 
201,913; 214,462; 
260,463; 262,784. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 17,089; 27,031; 86,740; 
93,009; 163,668; 168,497; 169,782; 
175,379; 180,208; 180,489; 185,808; 
202,720; 210,519; 211,520; 220,322; 
222,777; 240,188; 244,566; 249,535; 
250,421; 254,193; 254,385; 254,784; 
255,692; 267,992; 268,627; 277,490; 
279,127; 279,638; 281,225; 281,265; 
281,374; 295,764; 364,347; 372,856; 
375,640. 

Aust. Pat. 17,684; 25,570; 28,298: 
29,219; 34,908; 50,656; 54,512; 56,488; 
61,055; 63,966; 99,665. 

Sets Pat. 47 559; 51,952; 52,273; 53,- 
760; 59,164; 60,988; 67,591, 

Jap. Pat. 37 972: 42 553. 

Alcohols—Eng. Pat. 243,350; 275,969. 

D.R.P. 419,223. 

Alcohols, Acylic—Eng. Pat. 236,190— 
1925. 

Alcohol, anhydrous ethyI—U.S.P. 1,562,- 
386; 1,562,544; 1,564,664. 

Eng. Pat. 226,142; 243,614. 

Fr. Pat. 587,486; 601,547; 601,662. 

Can. Pat. 259,662, 261,371. 

Alcohols, higher—Eng. Pat. 263,184. 

Alcohol-benzene—Eng. Pat. 131,669— 
1918; 164,384—1919; 164,385—1919; 
164 386—1919: 161 564—1921 « 182 820 
1921; 181 392-1922, 

D.R.P. 352,905; 367,294. 

Alcohol-carbon tetrachloride—Eng. Pat. 
161 ,564—1921; 182,820—1921. 

Alcohol, esters of polyhydric—Eng. Pat. 
16,940—1913. 


361,954; 
377,039 ; 
387,179; 
411,126; 
418,309; 
420,212; 
424,820; 
432,047 ; 
440,955; 
447 664 ; 
456,729 ; 
470,092 ; 
488,994 ; 
504,347 ; 
521,476; 
580,883 ; 


363,090 ; 
379,589 ; 
392,505 ; 
416,843; 
418,347; 418,744; 
421,843; 422,763; 
429,788; 431,090; 
432,264; 432,483; 
441,146; 443,031; 
448,808; 450,746; 
464,617; 467,800; 
471,104; 472,423; 
491,490; 499,703; 
517,356; 519,536; 
530,440; 553,547; 
595,155; 596,838 ; 


363,592; 
381,195; 
397,429; 
417,250; 


196,925 ; 
238,217; 


196,926 ; 
249,773; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 285 


Fr. Pat. 476,991. 
Alcohol-ether—U.8S.P. 89,582; 128,416; 
190,865; 234,675; 313,245; 1,141,224; 
1,249,390. 

Eng. Pat. 2953—1864; 5413—1886; 9261 
—1894; 4577—1906; 17,953—1912; 
205,446—1923; 184,173. 

Fr. Pat. 340,622; 342,464; 351,555; 421,- 
854; 429,166. 

D.R.P. 17,089; 85,235. 

Alcohols having more than two carbon 
atoms—Can. Pat. 175,107. 

Alcohol, hot—Fr. Pat. 317,007; 412,799; 
432,046. 

De 1B Dor, 

Alcohols (polybasic) condensation prod- 
ucts of—D.R. Pat. 214,962. 

Alcohol, polyvalent—U.S.P. 1,317,721. 

Alcohol, hydrogenized cyclic—U.S.P. 
1,045,895. 

Alcohols, primary—Eng. Pat. 7277—1893. 

Alcoholates, salts of—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Alcoholic acetates—U.S.P. 598,649. 

Alcoholized ether—Eng. Pat. 745—1855. 

Aldehyde—U.S.P. 97,454. 

Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 15,914—1894; 
15,536—1907 ; 200,186—1922. 

D.R.P. 168,497; 195,312; 375,640. 

See also acetaldehyde. 

Aldehyde—alcohol — Fr. 
449 607. 
D.R.P. 292,951. 
Swiss Pat. 63,1386. See also aldol. 
Aldehydes, aromatic—Fr. Pat. 409,557. 


Pat. 449,606; 


Aldehydes, condensation  products— 
D.RP. 214,962. 
Aldehyde-ketone condensation  prod- 


ucts—Ir. Pat. 508,975. 
Aldehyde group, organic acids containing 
—Fr. Pat. 319,724. 
Aldehydes of the terpene series—Fr. Pat. 
418,347. 
Aldol—U.S.P. 1,234,921. 
Eng. Pat. 22,622—1912. 
Swiss Pat. 63,137. 
See also aldehyde-alcohol. 
Aldoses—D.R.P. 312,392. 
Algol dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 
-Alizarine coloring matter—Eng. Pat. 
'21,455—1893; 15,327—1894; 158,521— 
1918. 
Fr. Pat, 233,727. 
Alizarine red—U.S.P. 1,426,521. 
Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918, 
Alkali—U.S.P. 1,583,709. 


Alkali bicarbonate—U.S.P. 972,953. 
Cane Pat. 192232) 
Fr. Pat. 421,058. 

Alkali bromides—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Alkali iodides—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Alkali-metal hydroxide, use of in dis- | 
solving cellulose—U.S.P. 1,379,699. 

Alkali salts of aromatic mono- and 
poly- sulfonic acids—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Alkali, treating plush or velvet with— 
Fr, Pat. 459,048. 

Alkali, use of as 
379,589. 

Alkali xanthogenates—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Alkaline earth acetates, use of in sol- 
vents—U.S.P. 573,132. 

Alkaline earths, alkyl sulphates of— 
US.P. 573,132. 

Alkaline earth chlorides—US.P. 573,132. 

Alkaline earths and metals, nitrates of— 
D.R.P. 266,600. 

Alkaline earth salts—D.R.P. 206,471. — 

Alkoyl derivatives of aromatic amines 
as pyroxylin solvent—US8.P. 528,812. 

Alkyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456. 

Alkyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,341,710. 

Alkyl carbonates—D.R.P. 280,376. 

Alkyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463. . 

Alkyl chlorides, low boiling—Eng. Pat. 
25,779—1896. : 

Alkyl esters—Eng. Pat. 22,662—1901. 

Alkyl ester of fatty acid—Eng. Pat. 
202 ,835—1922. 

Alkyl ether of aromatic sulphoacid— 
Fr. Pat. 295,592. 

Alkyl naphthyl amines—Eng. Pat. 15,435 
—1904; 16,271—1906. 

Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr. Pat. 341,556; 377,671. 

Alkylsulphates of alkalies or alkaline 
earths, use of in solvents—US.P. 
573,la2. 

Alkylating agents, treating cellulose with 
—Eng. Pat. 164,374—1919; 164,377— 
1919. 

Alkylidene ethers of chlorohydrins— 
D.R.P. 288,267. 

Alkylsulfuric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 
6858—1896. 

Alophane—U SP. 1,534,651. 

Alum—U.S.P. 1,429,295; 1,554,505; 1,594,- 
201. 

Eng. Pat. 24,695—1893; 11,927—1898. 
Fr. Pat. 351,555. 
D.R.P. 314,317. 


solvent—Fr. Pat. 


286 


Alum earths—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 

Alumina—US.P. 294,557. 

Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. 

Fr. Pat. 328,054; ad. 328,054; 470,726. 
Aluminium acetate—Fr. Pat. 328,054. 
Aluminium acetate, basic—U.8.P. 1,534,- 

651. 

Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. 

Fr, Pat. 403,761. 

Aluminium antimonate—U.8.P. 1,538,860. 

Aluminium chlorides—Fr. Pat. 344,501; 
351,555; 402,950. 

D.R.P. 93,009. 

Aluminium fluoride—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. 

Fr, Pat. 580,883. 

Aluminium formate—D.R.P. 347,014. 

Aluminium hydrate—US.P. 1,426,521; 
1,534,651; 1,590,782. 

Eng. Pat. 4668—1914; 158,521—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 495,000. 

Aluminium metal—Eng. Pat. 25,675— 
1896;  8125—1914;  105,137—1916; 
126,989—1916. 

U,8.P.91,652)587. 

Aluminium metal, coating of—Fr. Pat. 
470,092. 

Aluminium oxychloride—USP. 
651. 

Aluminium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. 
Fr. Pat. 580,883. 

Aluminium powder—U.S.P. 
1,521,055; 1,521,056. 

Eng. Pat. 1715—1908; 131,641—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 398,084; 469,872. 

D.R.P. 372,856; 405,025. 

Aluminium resinate—U.S.P. 1,410,790. 
Eng. Pat. 8283—1913. 

Aluminium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. 

Aluminium salts—U.S.P. 928,235. 

Fr. Pat. 328,054. 

D.R.P. 93,009. 

Aluminium sulphate—U.8.P. 1,554,505. 

Aluminium and zinc, double salts of— 
Fr, Pat. 403,761. 

Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. 

Amber gum, yellow—D.R.P. 177,778. 

Amides—Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 408,370. 

Amidines—Eng. Pat. 10,228—1906. 

Fr. Pat. 366,106. 

D.R.P. 180,126. 

Amines—U.S.P. 1,529,056. 

Eng. Pat, 13,100—1910. 


1,534,- 


1,410,790; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Fr. Pat. 408,370. 
Amines, acetyl derivatives of secondary 
—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. 
Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr. Pat. 377,671. 

Amines, acid derivatives of aromatic— 
D.R.P. 80,776. 

Amines, acidyl derivatives of halogen- 
ated aromatic—Fr, Pat. 341,556. 
Amines, acyl compounds of hydrogen- 
ated aromatic—D.R.P. 281,225. 
Amines, alkoyl derivatives of aromatic— 

U.S.P. 528,812. 

Amines, alkyl naphthyl—Eng. Pat. 16,271 
—1906. . 

Amines, alkyl derivatives of aromatic— 
Eng. Pat. 21,331—1894. 

Amines, benzoyl derivatives of second- 
ary—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. 

Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr. Pat. 377,671. 

Amine compounds, halogen derivatives 
of primary aromatic—Fr. Pat. 
341,556. 

Amines, diacetylated—D.R.P. 391,873. 
Amines, ethoxalyl derivatives of sec- 
ondary—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. 
Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr. Pat. 377,6¢48 

Amines, formyl] derivatives of secondary 
—Eng. Pat. 16,271—1906. 

Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr. Pat. 377,671. 

Amine group, organic acids containing— 
Fr, Pat. 319,724. 

Amines, primary aromatic—US.P. 1,015,- 
155; 1,015,156. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 
Swiss P. 51,952. 

Amines, secondary 

1,015,156. 
Aust. P. 47,899. 
Swiss P. 51,952. 
Ammonia—Fr. Pat. 420,044. 
Ammonia, anhydrous—U.S.P. 1,439,293. 
Eng. Pat. 190,694—1922, — 
Fr. Pat, 553,547, 

Ammonia, anhydrous 
Pat. 234,321. 

Ammonium acetates—D.R.P. 93,009. 

U.S.P—1,636,319. 


aromatic—U S.P. 


(liquid)—Can. 


Ammonium aluminium fluoride—U.S.P. 


1,534,651. 
Ammonium  bichromate—Eng. Pat. 
24,214—1907. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 287 


1 RPS 267 557, 
Ammonium bromide—D.R.P. 396,051. 
Ammonium chloride—Eng. Pat. 9982— 
1908; 23,777—1912; 2425—1913; 131,- 
098—1918; 136,433—1919. 
Fr. Pat.—351,555; 387,537; 421,854. 
D.R.P. 93,009. 
Ammonium magnesium phosphate—Can. 
Pat. 256,395. 
USP. 1,310,841. 
Eng. Pat. 203,847—1922. 
Ammonium manganese arsenate—U.S.P. 
1,310,841; 1,329,386. 
Ammonium magnesium arsenate—U.SP. 
1,310,841; 1,329,386. 
Ammonium manganese phosphate— 
US.P. 1,310,841; 1,329,386. 
Ammonium nitrate—D.R.P. 266,600. 
Ammonium oxalate—US.P. 1,534,651. 
Ammonium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,310,841; 
1,329,386; 1,538,859; 1,594,201. 
Eng. Pat—28,848—1910; 136,433— 
1919; 203,847—1922. 
Ammonium phosphate, double—Eng. 
Pat. 203,847—1922. 
Ammonium sulphide—Fr. Pat. 420,044. 
Ammonium sulphocyanate—Fr. Pat. 
368,004. 
D.R.P. 256,922. 
Ammonium  thiocyanate—Eng. Pat. 
11,397—1907. 
Amy] acetanilid—U.S.P. 551,456. 
Amyl acetate—US.P. 269,340; 340,026; 
; 352,726; 384,005; 417,202; 422,195; 
428,654; 434,330; 445,528; 463,039; 
471,422; 491,880; 502,546; 507,964; 
543,197; 552,209; 552,935; 561,624; 
578,714; 587,097; 587,211; 597,144; 
694,946; 610,861; 622,727; 690,915; 
797,373; 841,509; 861,435; 888,516; 
893,987; 894,108; 909,288; 961,360; 
982,370; 1,021,569; 1,089,960; 1,122,- 
554; 1,133,062; 1,148,908; 1,152,625; 
1,153,574; 1,153,596; 1,158,961; 1,165,- 
179; 1,188,356; 1,196,144; 1,199,800; 
1,217,027 ; 1,251,710; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,266,073; 1,281,080; 1,316,783; 
1,321,611; 1,323,792; 1,329,386; 1,341,- 
710; 1,342,601; 1,858,914; 1,369,467; 
1,370,878 ; 1,370,879; 1,388,472; 1,388,- 
825; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,406,498; 
1,408,095; 1,410,790; 1,419,258; 1,425,- 
510; 1,429,179; 1,434,465; 1,437,952; 
1,439,293; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,480,- 


016; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209: 
1,493,210; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,- 
056; 1,533,598; 1,533,616; 1,538,859; 
1,538,860; 1,538,862; 1,556,512; 1,562,- 
386; 1,563,205; 1,589,700; 1,594,521: 
1,594,525; 1,608,742; 1,617,237; 1,618, 
481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,620,977; 
1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,630,752; 1,631,- 
468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 
1,652,353; US.RI. 16,803. 


Eng. Pat. 466—1883 ; 6051—1884; 491— 


1885; 4668—1885; 5586—1887; 5791 
—I1887; 8253—1887; 15,771—1887; 
8513—1889;  10,393—1889; 9315— 
1890; 12,684—1890; 20,690—1890; 
3345—1891; 4169—1892; 7688—1892: 
3469—1893; 3557—1893; 7277—1893: 
21,455—1893; 12,693—1896; 17,602— 
1897;  20,092—1899;  5348—1902; 
9992—1902; 28,376—1904; 26,072— 
1904; 18,383—1905; 5072—1906; 18,- 
383—1906; 11,397—1907; 18,416— 
1907; 4890—1908; 8618—1908; 13,221 
—1908; 13,516—1908; 15,841—1909; 
13,692—1910; 22,311—1910; 29,246— 
1910; 2064—1911; 2145—1911; 16,- 
810—1911; 3612—1912; 17,953—1912; 
188221912; 7086—1913; 8880— 
1913; 17,953—1913; 7141914; 7087 
—1914; 12,895—1914; 18,268—1914; 
12,075—1915; 15,428—1915; 104,742— 
1916; 122,456—1918; 131,647—1918; 
132,996—1918; 133,972—1919; 136,433 
—1919; 148,117—1920; 184,173—1921 ; 
184,197—1921; 196,876—1922; 203,449 
—1923 ; 205,828—1923 ; 209,727—1923 ; 
211,892—1923; 233,874—1925; 230,663 
—1925; 247,288—1920; 250,894; 256,- 
214; 257,626; 258,698; 261,589; 264,- 
045, 276,834. 


Fr. Pat. 184,548; 320,452; 319,542; 


340,622; 347,303; 360,912; 361,954; 
363,592; 368,004; 379,979; 387,791: 
392,505; 398,028; 423,774; 431,090; 
441,146; 416,843; 422,819; 447,645: 
452,727: 461,034; 472,423; 477,294: 
488,994; 520,404; 530,440; 553,547: 
580,882; 580,883; 600,178. 


D.R.P. 27,031; 68,356; 80,776; 169,782; 


175,664; 176,121; 185,808; 189,703: 
192,666; 212,696: 240,563: 244,566; 
249,535; 266,384; 307,771; 352,905; 
397,919. 


Can. Pat. 21,473; 110,622; 196,151; 


262,784; 268,571. 


288 


Aust. Pat. 17,684; 28,298; 45,239; 
54,512; 69,916. 
Swiss Pat. 66,509. 
Japanese Pat. 32,242; 42,553. 
Amy] acetic ether—Fr. Pat. 381,195. 
Amyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 507,964. 
Eng. Pat. 22,137—1893. 
Amyl alcohol—See fusel oil. 
Amyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472; 1,405,490. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Amyl butyrate—US.P. 269,340; 
800; 1,388,472; 1,552,804. 
isoAmyl butyrate—U.S.P. 1,552,804. 
Amyl carbamate—U S.P. 568,106. 
Amyl carbanilate—US.P. 568,104. 
isoAmyl carbanilate—U.8.P. 568,104. 
Amyl carbonate—U8.P. 1,552,805. 
Amyl chloroacetate—U.S.P. 371,021. 
Amyl chloral—U.S.P. 372,100. 
Amyl chloride—U.S.P. 372,100. 
Amyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
isoAmyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 
1918. 
Amy] - ethyl - acetate - benzine — U.S.P. 
555,596. 
Amy] ethyl ether—U.S.P. 494,792. 
Amy] - ethyl - formate - benzine — U.S.P. 
555,596. 
Amyl formate—U.S.P. 269,340; 622,727; 
1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Eng. Pat. 18,742—1904; 15,386—1913; 
184,197—1921. 
Fr. Pat. 351,844; 472,423; 530,440. 
D.R.P. 212,695. 
isoAmyl formate—US.P. 834,913. 
Amyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Amyl lactate—U.S.P. 587,097. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P.—192,666. 
Amyl mesitylinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894, 
Amyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Amy] nitrate—US.P. 269,344; 269,345; 
478,543. 
Amy] nitrite—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345. 
Amyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
Amy] palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Amy] phthalate—US.P. 1,338,691. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 4940—1914. 
Fr, Pat. 470,041. 
Amyl salicylate—U.8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472; 1,395,905; 1,444,333. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 


1,199,- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Amy] silicate—U.S.P. R.I. 13,793. 
Eng. Pat 870—1910. 
Fr. Pat 325,336; 420,127 
Amyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Amyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Amy] tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
isoAmyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 
1918. 
Amy] toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Amyl valerianate—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,- 
955. 
Amylaceous substances—Eng. Pat. 2256 
—1856. . 
Amylene diacetate—U.S.P. 1,084,702. 
Amylic ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,543. 
Amylidene diethyl ether—U.S.P. 410,206. 
Fr. Pat. 312,817. 
Amylidene dimethyl ether—US.P. 410,- 
206. 
Fr. Pat. 312,817, 
Angelic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 695,127. 
Anhydroformaldehyde compounds of 
resins, oils, or fatty acids of pri- 
mary amines—D.R.P. 242,467. 
Anhydroformaldehyde - anilin — U.S.P. 
952,724. 
Eng. Pat. 4154—1909. 
Fr. Pat. 402,028. 
Anhydroformaldehyde-anilin resinate— 
U.S.P. 952,724. 
Anilides—U.S.P. 1,303,115; 1,310,489. 
Eng. Pat. 23,445—1902; 13,100—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 408,370. 


‘Anilid, benzyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. 


Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, s-benzyl acetyl trichlor—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, s-mono ethyl acetyl trichlor— 
Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, as-ethyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, s-ethyl benzoyl trichlor—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, as-methyl acetyl tetrachlor—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilid, s-methyl acetyl trichlor—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Anilids of organic acids—D.R.P. 296,591. 
Aniline—US.P. 830,493; 952,724; 1,005,- 
454; 1,217,027. 
Eng. Pat. 1313—1865 ; 7088—1902; 6600 
- —1904; 4154—1909; 476—1910; 243,- 
722. 
D.R.P. 314,317. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 


Aust. Pat. 50,656. © 

Aniline acetate—U.S.P. 1,460,097; 1,494,- 
469. 

Aniline, alkali acetyl compounds of tetra 
and higher  chlorinated—D.R.P. 
176,474. 

Aust. P. 32,175. 

Aniline black—Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897. 

Aniline, bromo-nucleo-substitution prod- 
uct of —U.S.P. 1,641,413. 

Aniline chloride—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. 

Aniline, diacetyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
432,264. 

Aniline, 2-4 dibromo—U.8.P. 1,641,413. 

Aniline, o-, p-, or m-monobromo— 
US.P. 1,641,413. 

Aniline, diformyl derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
432,264. 

Aniline dyes—U.S.P. 102,798; 139,333; 
149,216; 2384675; 329,313; 375,952; 
445,528; 490,195; 1,011,181; 1,419,258. 

Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1057—1863; 
1695—1867;  21,455—18938; 5433— 
1884; 24,790—1896; 7975—1897; 
28,743—1908; 105,137—1916. 

Fr. Pat. 233,727; 409,196. 

DEP 279,127 = - 372;856. 

Aniline salts—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Aniline, 2-4-6 tribromo—US.P. 1,641,- 
413. 

Aniline yellow—US.P. 139,333. 

Animal acids—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 

Animal matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. 

Animi, gum—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 383 
—1887. 

Anisic aldehyde—US.P. 
388,472. 

Anisol—U.S.P. 598649; 600,556; 1,181,- 
859; 1,181,860; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 

Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 482,264. 

D.R.P. 276,013. See methyl phenyl 
oxide. 

Anthracene—D.R.P. 336,476. 

Anthracene, brominated—U.S.P. 1,641,- 
411. 

Anthracenes, chlorinated—U.S.P. 1,342,- 
601; 1,342,602. 

Anthracene derivatiyes, 
USP. 1,281,080. 

Anthranilic acid—U.S.P. 1,494,470. 

Anthraquinone—U.S.P. 410,205. 

Anticorrosive lacquer—Eng. Pat. 256,- 
214. 


1,199,800; 1,- 


chlorinated— 


289 


Antifouling composition—Eng. Pat. 959 


—1879. 

Antifouling paint—Eng. Pat, 25,675— 
1896. 

Antimony chloride—D.R.P. 268,627; 
281,374. 


Antimony compounds—Eng. Pat. 1799— 
1909; 132,8138—1919. 
Antimony trichloride—U.S.P. 1,388,825; 
1,451,313. 
Eng. Pat. 132,8183—1918; 138,641—1919. 
D.R.P. 268,627. 
Antomony triiodide—Eng. Pat. 132,813— 
1918. 
Antipyrin—U.S.P. 566,349. 
Antistatic films, mfg. of—U.S.P. 1,415,- 
059; 1,431,900; 1,437,828; 1,437,829. 
Arabic, gum—U8.P. 803,952; 1,431,455. 
Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 9277—1904; 187,- 
847—1921. 
Fr. Pat. 344,048. 
D.R.P. 357,484. 
Aromatic acid or salt—U.S.P. 612,067. 
Arsenic compounds—U.S.P. 1,105,619. 
Aryloxyacetic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 
374,322. 
Arylsulfo-acids, esters of—D.R.P. 395,- 
704. 
Aryl sulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,188,798. 
Asbestos—U.S.P. 89,582; 251,410; 1,015,- 
1565°1,217,128: 91,652,353: 
Eng. Pat. 88301—1901. 
Fr. Pat. 340,622; 463,156. 
Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss Pat. 51,952. 
Asphalt—US.P. 91,378; 91,393; 
186; 1,397,103; 1,583,703. 

Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907; 476—1910. 
Asphalt coated surfaces, lacquering— 
Eng. Pat. 209,727; 243,614. 
Aurisite—U.S.P. 139,333. 
Automobile steering wheels, lacquer for 
—Eng. Pat. 12,895—1914. 
Azotic cotton—Eng. Pat. 639—1858. 


1,263,- 


Bagasse—Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907. 
Bakelite varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. 
Balata gum—U.S.P. 91,377; 1,563,205. 
Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. 
Balloon envelopes, material for—Eng. 
Pat. 2064—1911. 
D.R.P. 266,384. 
Balloon fabrics, lacquer for coating—Fr. 
Pat. 427,818. 


290 


Balsams—Eng. Pat. 3370—1914. 
U.S.P. 1,594,521; 1,623,035. 
Balsams of aniseed—Kng. Pat. 2143— 
1864. 
Balsam, Canadian—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Eng. Pat.—2849—1858; 8823—1891; 
714—1914; 105,1387—1916. 
Balsam of copaiba—U.S.P. 
951,582. 

Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. 
Balsam of Peru—U.S8.P. 384,005; 951,582. 

Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. 

Balsams, sulfur—Eng. Pat. 3345—1891. 
Balsam of tolu—U.S.P. 384,005; 951,582. 

Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. 

D.R.P. 188,822; 211,520. 

Bamboo, pulverized—Eng. Pat. 256,214. 

Banana oil—Eng. Pat. 104,742—1916. 

Barium—U.S.P. 1,196,144. 

Barium caprylate—U.S.P. 951,582. 

Barium carbonate—Eng. Pat. 14,293— 
1910. 

Barium chloride—Fr. Pat. 328,054; 421,- 
854. 

Barium chromate—U.S.P. 893,634. 

Barium phosphate—Eng. Pat. 
1907. 

Barium sulphate—U.S.P. 294,557; 1,453,- 
764. 

Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. 

D.R.P. 102,962; 260,915. 
Barytes—Eng. Pat. 154,157—1919. 
Battery plates, protective coating for 

storage—U.S.P. 756,176. 
Benzal bromide—U.S.P. 1,552,798. 
Benzal chloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. 
Benzaldehyde—US.P. 1,467,104. 
Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 13,131—1900; 
15,536—1907. 

Fr. Pat. 409,557. 
Benzamide—U.S.P. 1,494,471. 
Benzanilid—U.S.P. 528,812; 

Eng. Pat. 21,8331—1894. 
Benz-ortho-anisidid—U.S.P. 1,090,642. 

Fr. Pat. 459,542. 

Swiss Pat. 65,139. 


384,005 ; 


5891— 


1,460,097. 


Benzene-alcohol—Eng. Pat. 149,319— 
1919. 

Benzene alkyl sulfonamid—Fr. Pat. 
521,370. 


Benzene, di-nitro—U.8.P. 1,306,440. 

Benzene homologues—Eng. Pat. 129,033 
—1917. 

Benzene, methyl, ethyl, amyl, sulfones 
of—D.R.P. 366,116. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Benzene methyl ethyl sulphonamid— 
USP. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961 ; 
1,501,206. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 
Fr. Pat. 521,370, 

Benzene methyl sulfonamid—Fr. Pat. 
521,370. 

Benzene monomethylsulfonamid—US.P. 
1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,501,- 
206. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Benzene, monobrom—U.S.P. 1,552,799. 

Benzenesulfamid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

Benzene sulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,041,113; 
1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- 
348; 1,244,349. } 

Benzene sulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfdiethylamid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfethylamid—U 8.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-acidphenylether — U.S.P. 
758,335. 

Benzene sulpho-amides, alkyl derivatives 
—US.P. 1,188,356. . 

Benzenesulfo-p-chloranilid—U.S.P. 758,- 
335. 

Benzenesulfo-p-cresol—U.S.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-diphenylamine USP. 
758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-ethylanilid—US.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-methylanilid—U.S.P. 758,- 
335. 

Benzenesulfo - alpha - naphthylamid — 
U.S.P. 758,300. 

Benzenesulfo-beta-naphthol—U SP. 758,- 
300. 

Benzenesulfo-beta-naphthylamin—U.S.P. 
758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-o-phenetidin—US.P. 
330. 

Benzenesulfo-p-phenetidin—U.S8.P. 758,- 
335. 

Benzenesulfo-o-toluid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

Benzenesulfo-p-toluid—US.P. 758,335. 

Benzicin—Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. 

Benzine—U.S.P. 158,188; 262,077; 286,- 
212; 381,354; 450,264; 463,039; 
471,422; 478,548; 478,955; 491,880; 
495,263; 502,546; 507,964; 518,388; 
587,096; 595,355; 909,288; 982,370; 
1,079,773; 1,082,543; 1,152,625; 1,153,- 
574; 1,175,791; 1,195,673; 1,196,144; 
1,249,390; 1,310,841; 1,323,792; 1,341,- 
710; 1,356,440; 1,439,293; 1,452,219; 
1,633,683. 

Eng. Pat. 


758, 


7784—1893; 17,602—1897 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 291 


20,874—1900; 22,309—1910; 10,222— 
1912; 714—1914; 133,972—1918 ; 
164,032—1919; 164,033—1919; 190, 
694—1922; 243,030; 261,589. 
Fr. Pat. 184,548; 521,476; 463,622; 
553,547. 
Can. Pat. 196,150. 
Aust. Pat.—17,684; 86,853. 
Benzine compound of mixed or simple 
ethers—U.S8.P. 555,596. 
Benzil—U.8S.P. 598,649. 
Benzoates—U.S.P. 621,382. 
Benzoic anhydride—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Benzoin gum—Eng. Pat. 8442—1886. 
Fr. Pat. 422,819. 


- Benzol chlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. 


Benzochlorhydrin—U.8.P. 598,648. 
Benzodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 
Benzoic acid—U.S.P. 612,067; 1,494,472. 
D.R.P. 68,356. ; 

Benzoic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 476,991. 

Benzoic acid, glyceryl esters of—Fr. Pat. 
461,544. 

Benzoic acid, nitro, chloro, and glycer- 
ine ethers of—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 

Benzoic acid, use of in mfg. pyroxylin 
solvents—U.S.P. 502,921; 559,824. 

Benzoic anhydride—USP. 572,134. 

Benzoic ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 478,543; 
622,727; 1,199,800; 1,245,476; 1,319,- 
229; 1,386,576; 1,388,472. 

Benzoin—U.8.P. 1,202,495. 

Benzol—U.S.P. 262,077; 495,263; 518,388 ; 
555,596; 595,355; 598,649; 694,946; 
805,466; 841,509; 893,987; 972,464; 
981,178; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,021,- 
569; 1,035,108; 1,039,782; 1,084,702; 
1,118,498; 1,152,625; 1,135,026; 1,161,- 
063; 1,166,790; 1,175,791; 1,185,074; 
1,185,514; 1,188,797; 1,191,801; 1,195,- 
431; 1,195,673; 1,199,395; 1,205,822; 
1,217,027; 1,226,339; 1,226,341; 1,234,- 
921; 1,266,073; 1,298,199; 1,301,187; 
1,303,563; 1,310,841; 1,315,216; 1,320,- 
290; 1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,321,633; 
1,321,634; 1,323,792; 1,324,154; 1,345,- 
354; 1,856,440; 1,357,447; 1,357,614; 
1,357,876; 1,363,763; 1,366,256; 1,370,- 
853; 1,382,077; 1,894,890; 1,395,905; 
1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 1,405,- 
448; 1,405,449; 1,405,490; 1,405,491; 
1,406,224; 1,412,770; 1,425,510; 1,429,- 


179; 1,431,455; 1,434,432; 1,437,170; 
1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,440,006; 1,441,- 
181; 1,449,156; 1,458,256; 1,466,819; 
1,469,816; 1,480,016; 1,488,608; 1,512,- 
751; 1,518,417; 1,521,859; 1,529,056; 
1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,- 
795; 1,552,797; 1,552,806; 1,552,808: 
1,562,383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,563,- 
204; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,583,703; 
1,583,709; 1,589,608; 1,590,156; 1,607,- 
516; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 
1,618,484; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,631,- 
468; 1,633,683; 1,639,080; 1,641,411; 
1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,641,529; 1,643, 
437; 1,644,417; 1,644,418; 1,644,420; 
1,651,578; 1,653,008; 1,653,010; US. 
RI. 16,803. 


Eng. Pat. 5586—1887 ; 5791—1887 ; 8253 


—1887; 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 3469 
--1893 ; -7784—1893;  22,137—1893; 
5348—1902; 9992—1902; 5072—1906; 
12,976—1909; 1441—1910; 14,586— 
1910; 18,189—1910; 21,719—1910; 
29,273—1910; 138,078—1920; 21,426— 
1911; > 6798—1912-* 10,222-—1912; 
21,081—1912; 21,368—1912; 23,544— 
1912; 25,182—1913; 6387—1913; 714 
—1914; 13,100—1914; 14,042—1914; 
24,033—1914; 7956—1915; 124,515— 
1916; 124,807—1916; 112,483—1917; 
128,659—1917; 128,974—1917; 129,033 
—1917;  122679—1918; 122456— 
1918; 123,752—1918; 131,082—1918: 
131,273—1918; 131,647—1918; 134,899 
—1918;  133,972—1919: © 138,078— 
1920; 149,319—1919; 160,225—1919; 
164,385—1919; 171,661—1920; 145, 
510—1920; 148,117—1920; 156,752— 
1920; 161,564—1921; 189,942—1922; 
190,694—1922; 194,727—1922: 202,154 
—1922,; 205,828—1923 ; 211,892—1923 ; 
236,190—1925; 238.485—1925: 243- 
030; 243,350; 250,894; 254,041; 255,- 
406; 256,229; 258,698; 261,589. 


Can. Pat. 179,699; 196,150; 196,151: 


196,925; 196,926; 201,913; 238,217; 
260,463; 260,466; 260,927; 262,784. 


Fr. Pat. 320,452; 363,592; 398,028; 


411,126; 412,797; 415,945; 418,744; 
429,788; 432,047; 432,264; 441,146; 
459,006; 464,617; 469,925; 470,726; 
471,104; 472,423; 498,949; 499,703; 
499,868; 501,700; 519,536; 520,404; 
517,356; 553,547; 596,838; 600,178; 
611,899. 


292 


D.R.P—10,210; 17,089; 210,519; 250,- 
421; 254,784; 263,404; 272,391; 
279,638; 281,265; 295,764; 307,075; 
302,460; 336,476; 352,905; 397,919. 

Aust. P. 47,899; 56,488; 64,393. 

Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952; 52,115; 64,710; 
66,510. 

Japanese Pat. 32,242. 

Benzol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- 
tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. 

Benzol bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Benzol, bromide derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
483,316. 

Benzol nitrobromides—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Benzol nitrochlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Benzoline—U.S.P. 265,337. 

Eng. Pat.—1865—1879; 
10,393—1889. 

Fr. Pat. 132,495. 
Benzomonoacetin—US8.P. 598,648. 
Benzophenone—U.S.P. 598,649. 
Benzophenone, alkyloxy derivatives of— 

Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 

Benzophenones, chlorinated—Eng. Pat. 
20,975—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Benzo tribromide—U.S.P. 1,552,798. 

Benzo trichloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. 

Benzoyl amyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,639,- 
080. 

Benzoyl-benzenesulfamid — U.S.P. 758,- 
335. 

Benzoyl butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,639,080. 

Benzoyl-p-toluenesulfamid—U.S.P. 758,- 
335. 

Benzoylguaiacol—U.8.P. 607,554. 

Benzyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,339,- 
552; 1,888,472; 1,894,890; 1,440,178; 
1,469,863; 1,620,977. 

DEP oabs gee 
Benzyl acetone—U.S.P. 1,494,474. 
s-Benzyl aceto tetrachlor anilid—D.R.P. 

180,280. 

Benzyl acetyl tetrachlor-anilid—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 

Fr. Pat. 365,297. 

D.R.P. 180,208; 180,204. 

Benzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 1,199,- 
800; 1,320,290; 1,388,472; 1,394,890; 
1,426,521; 1,431,845; 1,440,178; 1,458,- 
505; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,607,516; 
1,626,113. 

Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911; 124,763—1916; 
127,615—1917 ; 127,678—1917; 131,082 
—1918; 131,369—1918; 131,669— 


1866—1879 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


1918; 158,521—1918; 
177,268—1921 ; 
633—1923. 

Can. Pat: 238247, 
Fr. Pat. 482,264; 495,000; 499,868. 
Swiss Pat. 65,057. 

Benzyl benzoate—U.S.P. 961,360; 1,027,- 
619; 1,199,800; 1,233,374; 1,292,819; 
1,388,472; 1,394,890. 

Eng. Pat. 13,692—1910. 
Fr, Pat. 416,843. 
D.RP. 251,372. 

Benzyl benzoyl tetrachlor anilid—Eng. 

Pat. 8077—1906. 
Fr. Pat. 365,297. 
D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. 

Benzyl bromide—US.P. 1,552,798. 

Benzyl butyrate—US8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 

Benzyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. 

Benzyl chloride—U.S.P. 1,552,798. 

D.RP. 276,013, 336,476. 

Benzyl citrate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. 

Benzyl cresyl ether—U.S.P. 1,563,205. 

Benzyldehydrocarvone—D.R.P. 202,720. 

Benzyl ether—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

Benzyl ethyl cellulose ether—U.S.P. 
1,451,331. 

Benzyl ethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,470,955. 

Benzyl formate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 

Benzyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. 

Benzyl magnesium halogenides—D.R.P. 
202,720. 

Benzyl methyl ether—U.S.P. 1,181,859. 

Benzyl naphthylmagnesium halogenides 
—D.R.P. 202,720. 

Benzyl nitrochlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Benzyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
388,472. 

Benzyl starch—U.S.P. 1,563,204. 

Benzyl tartrate—US.P. 1,612,669. 

Benzyltoluolurethane—Eng. Pat. 131,389 
—1918. 


128,215—1919; 
202,154—1922; 209,- 


Benzyl paratolylurethane—Eng. Pat. 
131,389—1918. 

Benzylic cellulose derivatives—U.S.P. 
1,454,960. 


Benzylidene acetic ester—U.S.P. 598,649. 
D.R.P. 174,259. 
Benzylidene aceto acetic ester—D.R.P. 
172,966. 
Benzylidene chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. . 
Benzylidene diacetic ester—Fr. Pat. 
363,090, 432,264. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 293 


D.RP. 172,966; 173,020; 174,259. 

Benzylidene diacetate, monochlor— 
D.R-PY 178,020. 

Benzylidene glycerine—U.S.P. 996,191. 

Berillium acid phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,- 
651. 

Betol—U.S.P. 572,134. 

Bibenzyl—U.S.P. 1,617,237. 

Can. Pat. 268,571. 

Bicarbonates—Fr. Pat. 349,292. 

Billiard balls, coating—Eng. Pat. 3651— 
1868. 

Binder coatings—Eng. Pat. 262,440. 

Binder for pigment and cotton—U.SP. 
893,987. 

Binding agent for 
250,421. 

Bird lime extract—Japanese Pat. 42,553. 

Bismark brown—US.P. 1,181,858. 

Bitumen—US.P. 692,102. 


colors—D.R.P. 


Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 8513—1889; 
28,415—1908; 157,119—1919. 
D.R.P. 102,962. 


Bituminous graphite—D.R.P. 102,962. 
Bleaching powder, use of in preparing 
pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 1,558,446. 
-Blushed films—U.S.P. 718,670; 1,021,569; 
1,039,782; 1,341,710; 1,437,170. 
D.R.P. 161,213. 
Body in lacquers—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 
Bone dust—U.S.P. 89,582. 
Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. 
Boracic acid—U.S.P. 1,315,216. 
Eng. Pat. 7899—1914; 131,082—1918. 
Borated benzol—U.S.P. 1,320,290. 
Eng. Pat. 131,082—1918. 
Fr. Pat. 499,868. 
Borates—Eng. Pat. 28,848—1910; 136,927 
—1919. 
Borax—US.P. 1,429,295; 1,633,292. 
Fr. Pat. 363,592; 436,900; 377,039. 
D.R.P. 115,681; 138,783. 
Boric acid—US.P. 1,358,914; 1,469,839; 
1,534,651. : 
Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907; 28,848—1910; 
7418—1913; 136,927—1919. 
Fr. Pat. 347,446; 368,004; 455,811. 
D.R.P. 14,625. 

Book-binding fabrics, coating for—Eng. 
Pat. 23,957—1913. 
Borneol—U.S.P. 831,028; 

388,472. 
Eng. Pat. 11,512—1905. 
Fr. Pat. 349,970. 
D.R.P. 185,808; 189,703. 


1,199,800; 1,- 


isoBorneol—D.R.P. 189,703. 

Borneol esters—Fr. Pat. 383,478. 

Bornyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

isoBornyl acetate—D.R.P. 172,941. 

Brilliancy, imparting—U.S.P. 234,675; 
841,509. 

Bromine, use of in mfg. of lacquer sol- 
vents—U.S.P. 1,323,792. 

Brominated products—Fr. Pat. 317,884. 
Brominated products, use of to reduce 
inflammability—Fr. Pat. 317,884. 

Brohohydrochinone—US.P. 1,631,468. 

a-Bromonaphthalene—U.S.P. 1,641,411. 

p-Bromophenol—US.P. 1,631,468. 

o- or p-Bromtoluol—U SP. 1,641,412. 

Bronzing liquid—US.P. 18,338; 139,333; 
884,475. 

Eng. Pat. 22,610—1891; 4169—1892; 
7688—1892; 3557—1893; 13,221— 
1908; 105,137—1916; 126,989—1916; 
157,126—1921. 

Fr, Pat. 398,084. 

D.R.P. 68,356; 176,121. 

Aust. Pat. 45,239. 

Bronze powder—U.S.P. 18,338; 190,865; 
234,675; 694,946; 884,475; 982,370; 
1,031,616; 1,521,055; 1,521,056. 

Eng. Pat. 2859—1855; 2484—1878; .1866 
—1879; 4169—1892; 7688—1892; 3557 
—1893; 13,560—1898; 5348—1902; 
18,383—1905; 13,221—1908; 28,743— 
1908; 11,354—1909; 10,222—1912; 
126,989—1916; 157,126—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 408,370; 409,196. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 68,356; 176,121; 256,922. 

Aust. P. 56,488. 

Swiss P. 47,559. 

Brush lacquer—Eng. Pat. 18,268—1914. 

Butyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456. . 

Butyl acetate—U.S.P. 381,354; 434,330; 
478,955; 491,880; 552,934; 552,935; 
888,516; 1,217,027; 1,309,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,320,458; 1,821,611; 1,323,624; 
1,341,710; 1,350,274; 1,356,440; 1,365,- 
049; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,434,465; 
1,437,952; 1,439,298; 1,458,256; 1,469,- 
825; 1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,533,616; 
1,552,795; 1,562,386; 1,563,205; 1,564,- 
664; 1,582,705; 1,589,608; 1,589,700; 
1,612,669 ; 1,617,237; 1,618,481; 1,618,- 
482; 1,618,484; 1,629,999; 1,631,468; 
1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 1,641,- 
529; 1,643,487; 1,653,008; 1,653,010; 
US.R.I. 16,803. 


Eng. Pat. 8253—1887; 10,393—1889; 


294 


12,684—1890; 3345—1891; 112,483— 
1917; 123,628—1918; 123,752—1918; 
131,273—1918; 131,647—1918; 158,586 
—1919; 133,972—1919; 184,197—1921 ; 


243,614; 247,288; 250,894; 258,698; 
263,175. 
Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,151; 260,927; 


262,784; 268,571. 
Fr. Pat. 530,440; 553,547; 600,178. 
D.R.P. 80,776; 175,664. 
Swiss Pat. 115,116. 
isoButyl acetate—USP. 
434, 465. 
Eng. Pat. 131,647—1918. 
s-Butyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,538,861. 
Butyl aceto acetate—US.P. 1,437,952. 
Butyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,095. 
Butyl alcohol—U.S.P. 471,422; 518,387; 
518,388; 559,824; 1,199,799; 1,265,217: 
1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,323,624; 1,341, 
710; 1,842,601; 1,342,602; 1,350,274; 
1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,356,440; 1,379,- 
596; 1,880,258; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 
1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,429,174, 1,429,- 
188; 1,481,905; 1,432,364; 1,437,170; 
1,437,952; 1,439,293; 1,439,656; 1,444,- 
331; 1,444,333; 1,479,955; 1,529,056; 
1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 
798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; . 1,552,802; 
1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,562,- 
386; 1,564,689; 1,580,189; 
1,598,972; 1,599,569; 1,607,090; 1,612,- 
669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 
1,618,484; 1,620,977; 1,629,999; 1,631,- 
468; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 
1,651,578; 1,653,010; U.S.R.I. 16,803. 
Eng. Pat. 5791—1887; 10,393—1889; 
133,972—1919; 158,586—1919; 194,727 
—A922; 236,190—1925; 243,614; 250,- 
894; 256,229; 263,184. 
Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,151; 
262,784. 
Fr. Pat. 184,548; 553,547; 600,178. 
Aust. P. 17,684. 
Swiss Pat. 115,116. 
isoButyl alcohol—U.8.P. 410,204; 1,398,- 


1,341,710; 1,- 


260,927; 


939; 1,400,196; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 
1,432,364; 1,444,333. 

Butyl alcohol, trichlor—Eng. Pat. 205,195 
—1922. 


Butyl amyl oxide—US.P. 741,554. 
s-Butyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,411,708; 1,432,- 
364. 
Butyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,405,490. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 


1,598,949 ; . 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


isoButyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,405,490. 
n-Butyl benzyl ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. 
Butyl butyrates—U.S.P. 1,552,804. 
isoButyl isobutyrate—Eng. Pat. 123,628 
—1918. 
s-Butyl butyrate—US.P. 1,538,861. 
Butyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. 
Butyl carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. 
isoButyl carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. 
Butyl carbonate—US.P. 1,552,805. 
Butyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
isoButyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 
1918. 
n-Butyl o-cresyl ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. 
s-Butyl ester of caproic acid—US.P. 
1,538,861. 
Butyl ethyl ketone—U.SP. 1,408,035. 
Butyl formate—U.S.P. 1,552,806. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Eng. Pat. 132,996—1918; 184,197—1921. 
Fr, Pat. 530,440. 
isoButyl formate—Eng. Pat. 132,996— 
1918. 


Butyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 


Butyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,408,035. 
Butyl lactate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
US.P. 1,591,652; 1,651,578. 
Butyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Butyl nitro-lactate—U.S.P. 1,598,474. 
Butyl phenyl ketone—U.SP. 595,355. 
Butyl phenol—Fr. Pat. 499,993. 
Butyl phenyl ether—US.P. 1,479,955. 
Butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,564,664. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Butyl propionate—U.S.P. 
1,651,578. 
s-Butyl propionate—US.P. 1,538,861. 
Butyl propyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,408,035. 
Butyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,395,905; 1,444,- 
330. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
isoButyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,395,905; 1,- 
444 333. 
Butyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,641,529. 
Butyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,467,103; 1,564,- 
664. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Fr, Pat. 489,037. 
isoButyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 123,712— 
1918. 
Fr. Pat. 489,037. 
Butyl toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Butyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,309,981. 


1,589,608 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 295 


Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Butylene chlorhydrin—U. S.P. 1,408,423. 
1:3 Butylene glycol—D.R.P. 419,223. 
Butyrates—Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 476,991. 
Butyric acid esters—Fr. Pat. 581,177. 
Swiss Pat. 95,376. 
Butyric ether—U.S.P. 269,340; 600,556. 
Butyrin, Mono-, Di- and Tri—Eng. Pat. 
246,272. 
Butyrin—U.8.P. 470,451; 595,355. 
Cadmium acetate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. 
Calcium—US.P. 1,196,144. 
Cadmium alkyl phthalates—US.P. 1,591,- 
652. 
Calcium alcoholate—Fr. Pat. 368,004. 
Calcium antimonate—U.8.P. 1,538,860. 
Calcium borate—US.P. 1,534,651. 


Calcium bromide—Fr. Pat. 317,884. 
Calcium carbonate—U.S.P. 1,310,841; 
R.I. 13,798. 


Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Calcium caprylate—US.P. 951,582. 
Calcium chloride—U.S.P. 1,554,505. 
Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 7784—1893; 6858 
—1896; 128659—1917; 212,225—1923. 
Fr, Pat. -322,457;. 340,622; 344,501; 
347,303, 364,690. 
D.R.P. 40,373; 93,009; 266,600. 
Calcium chloride, use of in solvents— 
US.P. 573,132; 1,400,430. 
Eng. Pat. 2694—1887; 23,777—1912. 
Calcium citrate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925.. 
Fr. Pat. 580,883. 
Calcium ethylate—Eng. Pat. 
1907. 
Calcium hypochlorite—Eng. Pat. 1125— 
1856. 
Calcium linoleate—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Calcium nitrite—Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. 
Calcium oleate—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Calcium oxide—U.S.P. 1,012,887. 
Calcium phosphate—US.P. 1,534,651. 
Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896. . 
Calcium recinoleate—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Calcium sulfate—U.S.P. 294,557; 1,493,- 
207; 1,493,209; 1,534,651. 
Eng. Pat. 6600—1904; 206,770—1923 ; 
230,633—1925. 
Fr. Pat. 562,667; 580,882. 
D.R.P. 396,051. 
Calcium _ tartrate—U.S.P. 
1,493,210; 1,534,651. 


11397— 


1,493,208 ; 


Calendering—Eng. Pat. 27,969—1911; 
142,615—1919. 

Camphene—U.S.P. 596,662. 

Camphene hydrochlorate—U.S.P. 552,- 
934; 552,935. 

Camphor—U.8.P. 91,377; 97,454; 105,338; 
136,953; 209,570; 246,891; 265,337; 
269,343; 304,229; 311,203; 375,952; 
410,204; 417,202; 428654; 463,039; 
471,422: 478,543; 517,987; 542,692; 
543,197; 552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 
553,270; 555,596; 561,624: 564,343: 
566,349; 568,106; 572,135; 595,355; 
596,662; 597,144; 602,797; 607,554; 
612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 
631,295; 697,790; 729,990: 738,533; 
831,028; 831,488; 952,724; 996,191; 
999,490; 1,012,887; 1,015,155; 1,015,- 
156; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 
1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,045,895; 1,076,- 
215; 1,076,216; 1,148,908; 1,153,596; 
1,161,063; 1,188,356; 1,188,798; 1,195,- 
040; 1,195,673; 1,199,799; 1,199,800: 
1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,229,485; 1,229,- 
486; 1,229,487; 1,233,374; 1,244,107; 
1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244, 
349) 1/251,710= «1,265,217» 1,275,063; 
1,292,819; 1,301,187; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,321,611; 1,323,792; 1,342,601; 
1,342,602; 1,350,274; 1,858,653; 1,360,- 
759; 1,365,882; 1,370,853; 1,380,258; 
1,388,472; 1,894,505; 1,397,986; 1,402,- 
969; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,408,035 ; 
1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,418,413; 1,429,- 
153: 1,429,169; 1,429,188; 1,431,905; 
1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,432; 1,434 
465; 1,434,634; 1,437,792; 1,441,181; 
1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,714; 1,450,- 
715; 1,450,716; 1,456,782: 1,462,306; 
1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,460,690; 1,464,- 
169; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 
1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 
097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 
1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467, 
104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812; 1,469,816; 
1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,460,097; 1,469,- 
862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 
1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,481,485; 1,494,- 
469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 
1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494, 
476; 1,496,198; 1,500,366; 1,508,483; 
1,508,484; 1,518,417; 1,529,056; 1,538,- 
861; 1,548,933; 1,552,793; 1,552,795; 
1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,- 
799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 


296 


1,552,803; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,- 
806; 1,552,808; 1,554,505; 1,562,385; 
1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,564,- 
689; 1,583,709; 1,589,700; 1,590,156; 
1,594,201; 1,598,949; 1,598,972; 1,617,- 
237; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 
1,620,977; 1,641,529; 1,653,008. 

Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 1865 
1879; 1866—1879; 3072—1882; 466— 
1883; 15,121—1884; 5791—1887; 10,- 
393—1889; 9315—1890; 3345—1891; 
2568—1896;  11,927—1898; 8063— 
1901; 26,075—1901; 7088—1902; 4863 
—1903; 15,696—1903; 12,278—1905; 
28,376—1904;  3450-—1906; 4390— 
1908; 9313—1908; 4145—1909; 12,976 
1909; 26657—1909; 27,102—1909; 
6519—1910; 10,320—1910; 12,406— 
1910; 14586—1910; 29,246—1910; 
2145—1911; 15,945—1911; 25,449— 
1911; 3869—1912; 22623—1912; 2425 
—1913; 6387—1913; 12,804—1913; 
16,940—1913; 18,499—1913; 2326— 
1914; 3370—1914; 106,375—1916; 
122,679—1918; 133,972—1919; 149,- 
319—1919; 177,536—1922; 236,190— 
1925; 250,894; 254,041; 276,834. 

Can. Pat. 78,060; 129,265; 196,151; 
268,571. 

fro; Pav. 
317,008 ; 


132,495 ; 
319,724; 


184,548; 
319,926; 


319,542 ; 
320,133 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Camphor-halogen compounds—Fr. Pat. 
452,432. 


Camphor, nitro, chloro, bromo, chloro- 


nitro & bromonitro derivatives of— 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 


Camphor oil—U.S.P. 97,454; 428654; 
471,422; 507,749; 1,181,860; 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 


Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 9315 
1890; 20,975—1911; 714—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548; 432,264. 

Aust. Pat. 17,684. 

Camphor, spirits of—U.S.P. 1,275,063. 

Camphor  substitutes—U.SP. 
831,488; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 
673 ; 1,339 4728. 

Eng. Pat. 13 287-1899: 21,331—1894 ; 
25,434—1899; 11,751—1900; 13,131— 
1900;  17,948—1900; 20,723—1900; 
8072—1901; 10,213—1901; 12,863— 
1901; 22 662—1901: 43831902: 23,- 
‘445—1902; 15 435—1904; 11 512— 
1905 ; 28171906: 8077—1906 ; 10,228 
1906; 16,271—1906; 20,037—1906; 
9537—1907; 13,028—1907; 15,536— 
1907; 4154—1909; 15,855—1909; 1441 
—1910; 27,258—1910; 15,945—1911; 
20,975—1911; 20,976—1911; 18,499— 
1913;  3370—1914; 127,615—1917; 
128,215—1919; 147,904—1920. 

Fr. Pat. 295,592; 300,676; 


1,195,- 


308,372 ; 


758,335 5 


322,506 ; 
328,054 ; 
354,292 ; 
364,690 ; 
402,028 ; 
421,010; 


324,121; 
328,658; 
354,942: 
365,297 ; 
409,196 ; 
421,843: 


324,718: 
331,819; 
360,912: 
372,018; 
411,126; 
421,854; 


326,576 ; 
352,853 ; 
363,592 ; 
388,097 ; 
415,945; 
423,774; 


422,819; 459,048; 476,991. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 17,089; 68,356; 80,776; 
86,740; 180,203; 180,204; 180,489; 
207,868; 210,519; 220,228; 221.081; 
238,348; 249,535; 255,692; 281,373; 
368,476; 404,024. 

Aust. P. 17,684; 34,908; 47,890; 47,899; 
51,094; 54,512; 72,493. 

Swiss P. 51,952; 59,164. 

Camphor acetate—U.S.P. 1,529,056. 
Camphor bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. 
Camphor, bromo—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Camphor, chloro—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Camphor derivatives—D.R.P. 404,024. 
Camphor, dichloro—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Camphor, halogen derivatives of—Eng. 
Pat. 20,975—1911. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 


419,530; 


309,963 ; 
319,724; 
325,585 ; 
341,556; 
363,090 ; 
372,512; 
377,671; 
387,537 ; 


404,886 ; 
432,047 ; 


310,942; 
319,926 ; 
331,819; 
342,464 ; 


432,264 ; 


Can. Pat. 103,036; ‘129, 265. 


D.R.P. 13,905; 56, 946; 66,055; 80,776; 
114.278: 
127,816; 
139,589 ; 
140,480; 
168,497 ; 
173,020; 
176,474; 
180,208 ; 
192,666 ; 
207,869 ; 
220,228 ; 
251,372% 


96,365 ; 

125,315; 
132,371 
140,268 ; 
163,668 ; 
172,967 ; 
174,914; 
180,126 ; 
188,822; 
202,720; 
219,918 ; 
246,081 ; 


117,542 ; 
128,120; 
139,738 ; 
140,855 ; 
172,941; 
173,796 ; 
177,778; 
180,280 ; 
195,312; 
210,519; 
221,081 ; 
256,922 ; 


312,817; 
320,133 ; 
339,081 ; 
349,970 ; 
364,604 ; 
376,269 ; 
382,350 ; 
393,310; 
411,298; 
461,544. 


122,272; 
128,956 ; 
139,905 ; 
142,971; 
172,966 ; 
174,259 ; 
178,133 ; 
185,808 ; 
195,313; 
214,962; 
238,348 ; 
287,745; 


‘er , 
a 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 297 


303,018; 304,224; 307,125; 
379,343. 
Aust. P. 6545; 9557; 11,376; 13,838; 
27,060; 32,175; 34,908; 47,890. 
Swiss P. 65,057. 
Camphorated nitrocellulose—Fr. 
517,356. 
Camphogine—Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892. 
Candelilla wax—U.S.P. 1,623,035. 
Caoutchouc—U.S.P. 417,284; 805,466; 
1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,431,845. 


374,322; 


Pat. 


Eng. Pat. 2484—1878; 959—1879; 
25,449—1911; 1378—1912; 16,940— 
1913. 

Fr. Pat. 421,848; 339,654; 427,818; 476,- 
991; 495,021. 

D.R.P. 242,786. 


Aust. P. 61,055. 

Capron—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,355; 1,408,- 
035. 

Capronic ether—US.P. 622,727. 

Carbamic-acid esters—Swiss Pat. 65,138. 

Carbamide—U.S.P. 514,838. 

Carbamic esters—US.P. 568,106. 

Carbanilates—U.S.P. 568,104. 

Carbiminic acid, esters of—U.S.P. 1,303,- 
115; 1,310,489. 

Carbinols—U.S.P. 1,283,183. 

Carbohydrate ethers—Eng. Pat. 3370— 
1914. 

Carbohydrate, soluble—Eng. Pat. 24,214 
—1907. 

Carbol—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

Carbolates—U.S.P. 612,553. 

Carbolic acid—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 573,- 
132; 695,127; 774,714; 774,677; 774,- 
713; 952,724; 972,464; 1,079,773; 
1,105,619; 1,112,890; 1,217,027; 1,394,- 
890; 1,484,426. 

Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 12,278—1905; 
41541909; 476—1910; 27,258—1910; 
161,564—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 319,724; 354,292; 354,942; 402.- 
028; 411,298; 419,530; 452,432; 443,- 
031. 

D.R.P. 145,106; 151,918; 189,703. 

Carbonates, insoluble—Eng. Pat. 3450— 
1906. 

Carbon bisulfide—US.P. 97,454; 265,337; 
1,431,455. 


Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 3102—1869; 
1866—1879; 132,813—1918. 
Din. 314,317. 


Fr. Pat. 132,495. 
DR.P; 10,210. 


Carbon black—U:S.P. 1,481,455; 1,608,742. 

Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. 

Carbon tetrabromide—US.P. 893,634. 

D.R.P. 206,471. 

Carbon tetrachloride—US.P. 265,337; 
893,634; 972,464; 1,039,782; 1,105,619; 
1,217,027; 1,410,790; 1,418,413; 1,431,- 
455; 1,484,482; 1,434,465; 1,439,293; 
1,529,056; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 
5891—1907; 9982—1908; 23,728— 
1912; 132,8183—1918; 149,319—1919; 
190,694—1922. 

Fr. Pat. 132,495; 351,555; 364,690; 387,- 
537; 421,854; 517,356; 553,547. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 206,471, 314,317. 

Carbonic acid, compound esters of— 
US.P. 700,884. 

Carbonic acid, dichlorethyl ester of— 
Eng. Pat. 257,258. 

Carbonic acid, halogen alkyl esters of 
—Eng. Pat. 257,258. 

Carbopolycyclic compounds — USP. 
1,342,601. 

Carboxylic acids, halogen alkyl esters 
of mono- and poly-basic—Eng. Pat. 
257,258. 

Carboxylic derivatives of 
amines—Fr. Pat. 377,671. 

Carmine—Eng. Pat. 3178—1871. 

Carmine oil—Eng. Pat. 276,834. 

Carnauba wax—U.S8.P. 1,623,035. 

Carvacrol—U.S.P. 1,521,055; 1,521,056. 

Cartridge case, lacquer for—U.S.P. 88,- 
948. 

Carvol—U SP. 
1,521,056. 

Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. 

Carvone—US.P. 1,552,802. 

D.R.P. 202,720. 

Casein—U.S.P. 830,493; 952,724; 1,173,- 
337. 

Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 23,752—1903; 
12,278—1905; 4154—1909. 

Fr. Pat. 326,576; 328,658; 339,081; 354,- 
292; 402,028. 

D.R.P. 138,905; 115,681; 138,783; 163,- 
668; 242,467. 

Aust. P. 57,706. 

Jap. Pat. 37,972. 

Casein formaldehyde—U. S.P. 952,724. 

Casein glue coatings—U.S.P. 615,446. 

Casein lime—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. 

Fr. Pat. 403,761. 

Caseinates—U.S.P. 830,493. 


secondary 


1,199,800; 1,521,055; 


298 


D.R.P. 139,905. 

Caseinates metal—D.R.P. 139,905. 

Castor oil—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 18,338; 
97,454; 102,798; 112,370; 149,216; 
158,188; 311,203; © 313,245; 329,313; 
340,026; 352,726; 578,714;° 602,797; 
603,001; 612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 
615,319; 622,727; 631,295; 697,790; 
756,176; 774,714; 874,879; 884,475; 
904,269; 928,235; 981,178; 982,370; 
1,011,181; 1,045,895; 1,112,890; 1,124,- 
012; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 1,165)179; 
1,181,858; 1,195,431; 1,217,027; 1,217,- 
123: 1,233,374: 1,234,921» 1,242,783: 


1,301,187; 1,309,980; 1,309,981; 1,316,- 


311; 1,316,783; 1,320,458; 1,324,154; 
1,329,386; 1,406,498; 1,408,035; 1,410,- 
790; 1,431,455; 1,451,313; 1,453,764; 
1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,464,- 
949; 1,481,485; 1,496,198; 1,529,056; 
1,536,052; 1,575,778; 1,562,386; 1,564,- 
664; 1,590,156; 1,592,338; 1,592,340; 
1,594,525; 1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,618,- 
481; 1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,626,113; 
1,629,999; 1,633,067; 1,639,080; 1,645,- 
141; US.RI. 16,803. 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 1884—1857; 639 
—1858:  2849—1858; 2143—1864; 
1695—1867; 3102—1869; 1208—1871; 
1866—1879; 466—1883; 5974—1883; 


4668—1885; 8442—1886; 2694—1887; © 


20,690—1890; 8823—1891; 7784— 
1893;  21,995—1895; 12,693—1896; 
24,790—1896; 28,613—1897; 8063— 
1901; 15,696—1903; 22,245—1904; 
28,743—1908; 870—1910; 6519—1910; 
12,406—1910; 14,293—1910; 2064— 
1911; 20,979—1911; 1878—1912; 3869 
—1912; 10,222—1912; 2425—1913; 
714—1914; 140—1915; 105,137—1916; 
127,027—1917; 127,678—1917; 122,679 
—1918;  136,433—1919; 137,455— 
1919; 142,615—1919; 144,012—1919; 
164,384—1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386 
—1919; 145,546—1920; 180,705— 
1920; 187,847—1921; 201,421; 209,- 
727; 236,190—1925; 243,614; 244,543; 
250,894; 254,041; 261,589; 275,747. 

Can. Pat. 21,473; 78,060; 179,699; 201,- 
913; 270,537. 

Fr, Pat. 324,718; 336,970; 361,954; 364,- 
690; 372,018; 379,979; 381,195; 382,- 


270; 382,350; 387,537; 392,505; 
397,429; 420,127; 421,854; 432,046; 
465,345. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


D.R.P. 10,210; 27,031; 214,398; 180,489; 
222,777; 251,351; 2541983) 255,602; 
266,384; 372,856. 

Aust. P. 56,488; 61,055; 3034/13. 

Swiss P. 47,559. 

Jap. P. 37972: 

Castor oil, blown—U.8.P. 1,242,491. 

Castor oil-chloral compounds—US.P. 
999,490. 

Castor-oil 
139,738. 

Catechol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. 

Catechol monoacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. 

Cellet—U.S.P. 1,188,776. 

Celloidin—Eng. Pat. 383—1887; 27,283— 
1910; 134,228—1919. 

Fr. Pat. 436,245. 

D.R.P. 239,773. 

Swiss Pat. 58,686. 

Celluloid—U.S.P. 251,410; 651,364; 692,- 
102; 694,946; 758,335; 803,952; 805,- 
466; 888,516; 893,634; 962,877; 
1,012,887; 1,089,960; 1,122,554; 1,131,- 
929; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 1,153,574; 
1,202,495; 1,217,123; 1,251,710; 1,263,- 
186; 1,316,783; 1,332,849; 1,352,741; 
1,358,914; 1,392,040; 1,393,290; 1,406,- 
498; 1,425,510; 1,481,485; 1,505,820; 
1,533,598 ; 1,589,700; 1,592,340; 1,626,- 
113; 1,652,353. 

Eng. Pat. 5413—1886; 
8513—1889; 17,012—1890; 21,485— 
1892; 27,534—1897; 15,355—1899; 
20,092—1899; 4326—1901; 8301— 
1901; 10,218—1901; 12,863—1901; 
4383—1902 ; 5348—1902 ; 23,445—1902; 
4863—1903;  23,752—1903; 9277— 
1904; 9962—1904; 15,435—1904; 22,- 
245—1904;  11,512—1905; 26,072— 
1904; 10,228—1906; 16,271—1906; 
24,587—1906 ; 592—1907 ; 5891—1907; 


oxidation product—D.R.P. 


16,330—1887 ; 


9537—1907; 11,397—1907; 18,416— 
1907;  22,528—1907; 13,221—1908; 
13,516—1908; 28,743—1908; 11,340— 
1909; 12,976—1909; 15,841—1909; 


17,449—1909; 23,547—1909; 24,006— 
1909; 27,102—1909; 6519—1910; 6608 
—1910; 8646—1910; 10,320—1910; 
10,795—1910; 14,586—1910; 2064— 
1911; 4253—1911 ; 10,708—1911; 20,975 
—1911; 27,969—1911; 28,210—1912; 
24251913; 7086—1913; 8283—1913; 
8880—1913; 15,386—1913; 23,957— 
1913;  25,182—1913; 260791913; 
8126—1914 ; 9270—1914; 11,635—1914; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 299 


12,895—1914; 17,501—1914; 18,268— Celluloid varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,427— 
1914; 105,137—1916; 106,375—1916; 1910. 

114,304—1917; 118,891—1917; 128,974 Celluloidine—Eng. Pat. 8301—1901. 
—1917; 1382,996—1918; 136,141— Cellulose—D.R.P. 85,235. 

1918; 136,483—1919; 148,117—1920; Cellulose, rendering acid proof—US.P. 
177 ,536—1922; 196,876—1922; 205,446 974,285; 1,481,485. . 
—1923; 203,449; 205,828—1923; 211,- Cellulose, treating with alkylating agents 
892—1923; 263,076; 277,626. —KEng. Pat. 164,374—1919; 164,377— 

Can. Pat. 103,036; 150,646. 1919. 

Fr. Pat. 308,372; 309,962; 309,963; Cellulose acetate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 
310,942; 312,817; 317,884; 319,724; 695,127 5.- 738;533.5 e7714:6772-0774,713; 
G2e401 5 322,006; 324,121; 325,336; 774,714; 830,493 884,475; 888,516; 
(326,576; 328,054; 336,970; 339,654; 922,340; 951,582; 952,724; 954,310; 
340,266; 341,556; 344,048; 344,501; 999,490; 1,003,438; 1,005,454; 1,009,- 
347,446; 349,292; 349,970; 352,853; 1165. 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,027,486; 
360,912; 361,954; 363,090; 363,846; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,027,- 
364,604; 366,106; 368,004; 372,018; 619; 1,031,616; 1,035,108; 1,039,782; 
372,299; 372,512; 374,395; 376,399; 1,041,112; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,- 
377,010; 377,671; 382,270; 379,979; 115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 
382,350; 383,478; 387,537; 392,270; 1,050,065 ; 1,067,785; 1,076,215; 1,076,- 
393,310; 402,028; 403,761; 404,886; 216; 1,079,773; 1,089,910; 1,094,830; 
407,862; 409,196; 420,212; 422,763; 1,095,999; 1,112,890; 1,122,554; 1,128,- 
422,819; 424,820; 429,879; 435,417; 468; 1,133,885; 1,136,248; 1,140,174; 
439,648; 441,146; 447,664; 454,379; 1,143,979; 1,158,960; 1,165,179; 1,173,- 


456,261; 466,911; 467,800; 469,872; 931; 1,181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 
470,092; 520,404. 1,185,074; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,188,- 
D.RP. 10,210; 27,031; 140,855; 168,- 707 5) V188,0C7 3s) 188,208 59 1,188,799 ; 


1,188,800; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,195, 
395; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 
1,200,886; 1,203,756; 1,205,822; 1,216,- 
581; 1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,226,339; 
1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,342; 1,226, 
343; 1,220,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487: 
1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 
347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349:- 1,245,476; 
1,263,186; 1,265,217; 1,295,533; 1,298,~ 
199; 1,303,563; 1,309,980; 1,309,981; 
1,310,841; 1,316,311; 1,317,721; 1,319,- 
229; 1,320,290; 1,325,931; 1,342,601; 
1,342,603; 1,343,135; 1,345,354; 1,349, 
156; 1,351,652; 1,353,384; 1,353,385,- 


497; 173,020; 173,796; 174,259; 
174,914; 161,213; 162,239; 176,474; 
177,778; 180,126; 202,720; 206,471; 
207,869; 214,962; 216,307; 219,918; 
220,228: 221,081; 238,348; 244,566; 
240,563; 251,351; 253,984; 254,193; 
266,384: 267,992; 273,498: 276,661; 
279,127; 348,628; 348,629; 367,560; 
368,476; 397,919. 
Aust. P. 6545; 11,376; 13,838; 32,175; 
57,706; 61,055. 
Swiss P. 51,644; 60,988; 63,585; 67,591; 
76,546; 76,547; 86,853; 53,760. 


Ae fi Sate 1,354,401; 1,354,726; 1,355,586; 1,357,- 
3 ea 335; 1,357,447; 1,363,763; 1,370,879; 
Celluloid, rendering chemical proof— 1,384,188; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,388,- 
USP. 692,102. 825; 1,394,752; 1,394,890: 1,395,401; 


Celluloid scraps—U.S.P. 1,195,431. 
Can. Pat. 179,699. 
Celluloid solution—U.S.P. 1,330,421. 
Eng. Pat. 17,747—1894; 10,103—1896 ; 
25,675—1896; 13,560—1898; 7676— 


1,397,103; 1,398,939; 1,398,946; 1,400,- 
430; 1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,408,035; 
1,408,423; 1,420,028; 1,426,521; 1,429,- 
153; 1,431,845; 1,437,829; 1,437,952; 
1,440,006; 1,440,178; 1,453,764; 1,466,- 


1900; 22,311—1910; 2064—1911; 3612 
—1912; 21,081—1912; 23,777—1912; 
70871914; 12,075—1915; 131,911— 
1919; 131,916—1919. 


D.R.P. 405,025. 


819; 1,469,863; 1,480,016; 1,488,294: 
1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,501,206; 1,508,- 
928; 1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,522,852; 
1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 1,536,- 
052; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,862; 


300 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


1,552,795; 1,562,383; 1,562,386; 1,562,- 411,298; 412,797; 412,799; 413,657; 
387; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 415,517; 415,518; 417,027; 417,250; 
1,575,778; 1,589,700; 1,591,652; 1,607,- 418,347 418,744; 419,530; 421,843; 
090; 1,607,516; 1,608,743; 1,612,669; 421,854; 427,804; 427,818; 429,754; 
1,620,977 ; 1,631,468; 1,633,067; 1,639,- 429,788; 432,046; 432,047; 432,264; 
080; 1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413; 432.483: 436,538; 436,900; 440,955; 
1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. 441,146; 446,627; 447,645; 450,746; 
Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 20,092—1899; 452,432: 456,729; 463,156; 463,622; 
26,075—1901; 7088—1902; 2264— 465,345; 477,294; 479,387; 482,239; 
1902; 4863—1903; 592—1907; 19,735 487,350; 489,037; 491,490; 495,021; 
—1908; 27,201—1908; 4154—1909; 498,949; 499,868; 499,993; 501,700; 
7743—1909;  8945—1909; 11,354— 504,347; 508,975; 521,370; 521,476; 
1909;  11,625—1909; 12,976—1909; 535,466; 541,643; 573,701; 580,882; 
17,449—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 581,651; 581,653; 587,133; 587,486; 
1441—1910; 3559—1910; 4959—1910; 601,547; 611,899. 
6608—1910; 10,794—1910; 10,795— D.RP. 85,329; 18,537; 145,106; 151,918; 
1910; 12406—1910; 18,189—1910; 162,239; 189,703; 202,720; 210,519; 
21,719—1910; 27,258—1910; 28,848— 237,718; 238,348; 240,751; 242,467; 
1910; 29,273—1910; 3139—1911; 4744 246,081; 246,657; 246,967; 248,559; 
—1911 ;.- G798—1911 . 11,728-—1911; 254,784; 255,704; 256,922; 263,056; 
16,271—1911; 20,976—1911; 20,979— 268,627; 276,013; 277,529; 279,638; 
1911; 21,426—1911; 13,239—1912; 281,374; 284,672; 287,745; 295,764; 
18,822—1912; 23,728—1912: 2425— 298,806; 303,018; 304,224; 307,125; 
1913; 18499—1913; 28,490—1913; 319,723; 324,786; 375,640; 391,873; 
5633—1914; 13,100—1914; 14,042— 402,752; 439,009. 
1914; 12,839—1915; 15,428—1915; Aust. Pat. 34,908; 42,440; 47,679; 
106,375—1916; 124,515—1916; 124,763 47,890; 47,899; 50,656; 51,094; 
—1916;  124,807—1916;  124,844— 53,109; 61,055; 63,966. 
1916; 128274—1916: 112,483—1917; Swiss P. 48,975; 51,952; 66,510. 
114,304—1917; 118,891—1917; 127,- Jap. Pat. 37,972. 
027—1917; 127,615—1917; 127678— Cellulose acetate dope—Eng. Pat. 
1917; 133,353—1918; 123,712—1918; 134,899—1918. 
129,630—1918; 130,402—1918; 131,369 Cellulose acetate, gelatinizing agent for 
—1918* 19138419187) 9 19be4i —D.R.P. 395,704; 402,752. 
1918; 131,647—1918; 132,283—1918; Cellulose acetate solutions—Eng. Pat. 
138,379—1918; 158,521—1918; 128.- 131,911—1919; 131,916—1919; 177,- 
215—1919; 142,615—1919; 154,334— 268—1921. 
1919; 160,225—1919; 145,571—1920; Cellulose acetate solvent—US.P. 804,- 
146,212—1920; 147,904—1920; 179, 906; 922,340; 1,005,454; 1,015,155; 
208—1920; 157,126—1921; 176,367— 1,015,156; 1,027,486; 1,027,614; 1,027,- 
1921; 179,234—1921; 184,671—1921; 615; 1,027,616; 1,027,619; 1,035,108; 
189,942—1922; 190,269—1921; 182,- 1,039,782; 1,041,112; 1,041,114; 1,041,- 
488—1922; 189,416—1922; 195,849— 115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 
1922; 2021541922: 202,835—1922; 1,079,773; 1,094,830; 1,136,248; 1,143,- 
209,633—1923; 222,168—1923; 230,- 979; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,188,799; 
663—1925; 237,900—1925; 226,142; 1,188,800; 1,195,673; 1,199,395; 1,199,- 
243,350; 243,031; 243614; 243,722; 800; 1,203,756; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 
264,045. 1,226,339; 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,- 
Can. Pat. 129,265; 147,578; 175,107; 342; 1,226,348; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 
198,265; 238,217: 260,463; 264,990; 1,229,487; 1,242,783; 1,244,108; 1,244- 
261,371; 270,537. 347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,303,563; 
Fr. Pat. 317,007 ; 317,008; 319,724; 324,- 1,308,803; 1,339,728; 1,357,447; 1,363,- 
121; 324,718; 354,292: 393,963; 763; 1,365,049; 1,379,699; 1,384,188; 
397,429; 401,228; 402,028; 402,072; 1,395,401; 1,898,946; 1,406,224; 1,408,- 


402,083; 403,761; 408370; 411,126; 035; 1,434,634; 1,440,006; 1,469,863; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 301 


1,480,016; 1,488,294; 1,522,852; 1,644,- 
420. 

Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 
6554—1909; 1441—1910; 10,794— 
1910; 12,406—1910; 14,298—1910; 
21,719—1910; 3139—1911; 4744— 
1911; 11,728—1911; 20,976—1911; 
13,239—1912; 23,728—1912; 21,015— 
1913; 28,490—1913; 14,042—1914; 
15,428—1915; 127,027—-1917; 123,712 
—1918; 131,647—1918;  132,283— 
1918; 1383,353—1918; 128,215—1919; 
145,511—1920; 184,671—1921; 195,- 
849—1922; 231,161—1925; 243,030; 
243,350; 248,722; 246,272. 

an. at. 129,265; 261,371. 

Peper atols O01; 319,724; 352,897; 
400,652; 411,126; 412,797; 412,799; 
413,901; 414,680; 417,250; 418,347; 
425,900; 427,562; 432,046; 432,047; 
432,047; 432,264; 432,388; 443,031; 
440,133; 461,058; 461,544; 464,617; 
472,423; 487,350; 491,490; 501,700; 
504,347; 510,535; 517,356; 562,056; 
581,653; 595,155; 601,547. 

D.R.P. 18,537; 85,329; 201,907; 237,718; 
240,751; 242,467; 246657; 246,967; 
248,559; 254,385; 254,784; 256,922; 
268,627; 281,374; 284,672; 307,075; 
367,560; 375,640; 383,699; 391,667; 
402,753; 406,426; 439,009. 

Aust. P. 53,099; 47,899; 78,972; 53,109; 
99,665. 

Swiss P. 52,115; 61,929; 66,488; 66,510. 
Cellulose acetobutyrate—US.P. 830,493. 
Cellulose, alkyl and aralkyl—Eng. Pat. 

171,661—1920. 
Cellulose, alkyl or aralkyl ethers of—Fr. 
Pat. 521,000. 
Cellulose angelate—U.S.P. R.I. 11,997. 
Cellulose benzoate—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 
695,127; 999,490; 1,173,337. 
Cellulose, benzylI—U.S.P. 1,563,204. 


20,092—1899 ; 


Eng. Pat. 164,375—1919; 205,195— 
1922. 
D.R.P. 307,125. 


Cellulose butyrate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 
695,127; 830,493; 884,475; 1,105,619; 
1,173,337. 

Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910; 6798—1911; 
161,564—1921; 182,820—1921. 

Cellulose butyrate solvent—Eng. Pat. 
161,564—1921. 

Cellulose derivatives—US.P. 1,608,742. 

D.R.P. 433,656. 


Cellulose derivatives, solvents 


US.P. 1,609,303. 

Eng. Pat. 245,469; 257,258. 

Fr. Pat. 605,085; 606,969. 

Cellulose ester—U.S.P. 1,462,306; 1,552,- 
795; 1,562,383; 1,589,700; 1,633,067; . 
1,644,419; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. 

Eng. Pat. 2264—1902; 6798—1910; 
14,364—1910; 7418—1913; 128659— 
1917; 129,033—1917 ; 138,078—1917 ; 
134,228—1919; 131,082—1918; 131,- 
641—1918; 1382,8183—1918; 138,641— 
1919; 154,157—1919; 180,705—1920; 
184,197—1921; 192,107—1921; 177,- 
586—1922; 206,770—1923; 226,142— 
1924; 233,874—1925; 241,858; 243, 
030; 246,447; 275,969. 

Can. Pat. 147,579; 200,433; 256,395; 
259,475; 260,464; 271,382; 271,948. 
Fr. Pat. 377,010; 432,264; 455,811; 
469,925; 471,104; 474,086; 
499,703; 505,438; 508,975; 
530,440; 535,466; 562,667; 580,883; 

587,486; 589,732. 

D.R.P, 211,573, 240,188; 251,351; 266,- 
tole 4 204 307 771: 
319,723; 322,648; 334,983; 
351,228; 367,106; 369,536; 
369,446; 375,274; 379,343; 
395,704; 396,051; 399,074; 
412,884; 419,223; 434640. 

Aust. P. 34,908; 61,055; 72,493; 46,991; 
53,109. 

Swiss P. 61,929; 63,585; 53,760. 

Dutch P. 103. 

Cellulose esters, compound—Eng. Pat. 
27 ,102—1909. 

Cellulose ester solvent—U.S.P. 988,965; 
1,079,773; 1,309,980; 1,405,448; 1,449,- 
156; 1,488,608; 1,600,700; 1,612,669; 
1,644,417; 1,644,418. 

Eng. Pat. 6751—1905; 
16,932—1910; 7292—1912; 14,246— 
1913; 16,940—1913; 25,182—1913; 
1262—1914; 115,855—1917; 134,228— 
1917; 138,078—1920; 182,488—1922; 
189,416—1922; 190,694—1922; 226,142 
—1924; 231,161—1925 ; 238,485—1925 ; 
241,858; 245,129: 246272: 255,406; 
256,229; 275,653. 

Can. Pat. 234,821; 234,322; 
260,463; 260,466; 271,382. 

Fr. Pat. 418,309; 432,047; 
440,733; 443,031; 464,617; 


for— 


4364—1910; 


259,475 ; 


432,264 ; 
464,646 ; 


302 


505,087 ; 
595,155. 
188,542; 
331,285 ; 
402,753; 


476,991 ; 505,073 ; 
512,850 ; 
DEP; 
251,351: 
364,347 ; 
419,223. 
Aust. P. 29,219; 99,665. 
Swiss P. 52,273; 52,438; 61,929; 66,510; 
67,708; 85,868. 
Dutch Pat. 103. 

Cellulose ether—U.S.P. 1,394,505; 1,- 
395,905; 1,405,490; 1,429,153; 1,429,- 
169; 1,432,373; 1,482,374; 1,484,426; 
1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,437,792; 1,437,- 
828; 1,437,829; 1,487,952; 1,441,143; 
1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,- 
714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,454,959; 
1,458,256; 1,460,097; 1,460,690; 1,464,- 
169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 
1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 
095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 
1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 
102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 
1,469,812; 1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,- 
825 1,469,826; 1,469,862; 1,469,063; 
1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,- 
955; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 
1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,- 
475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,518,417; 
1,529,056; 1,518,396; 1,538,859; 1,538,- 


491,490; 
519,536 ; 
175,379; 
266,781 ; 
368,476 ; 


334,871 ; 
406,924 ; 


862; 1,548,933; 1,548,938; 1,552,792; . 


1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 
797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 
1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 
804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,808; 
1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,583,709; 1,633,- 
067. 

Eng. Pat. 149,319—1919; 164,3874— 
1919; 157,119—1919; 164,375—1919; 
164,377—1919; 164,884—1919; 164,385 
—1919; 164,386—1919; 156,752— 
1920; 174,660—1920; 181,892—1922; 
181,893—1922; 181,395—1922; 205,- 
195—1922; 206,770—1923; 226,142— 
1924; 233,874—1925; 241,858; 244- 
543; 252,328; 275,969. 

Can. Pat. 249,773; 259,475. 

Fr. Pat. 408,396; 580,883; 
589,732. 

D.R.P. 322,619; 336,476; 399,074. 

Cellulose ether solvent—U.S.P. 1,394,- 
505; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,411,708: 
1,418,413; 1,425,173; 1,429,169; 1,429,- 
188; 1,431,905; 1,481,906; 1,432,364; 
1,432,365; 1,432,373; 1,432,874; 1,434,- 


587,486 ; 


228,267 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


426; 1,434,427; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 
1,437,792; 1,441,143; 1,444,331; 1,444,- 
406; 1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 
1,460,690; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 
071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 
1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 
097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 
1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,- 
104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812; 1,469,813; 
1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,469,- 
862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 
1,473,219 1,479,955; 1,494,469; 1,494,- 
470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 
1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,- 
366; 1,518,417; 1,548,938; 1,552,792; 
1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,- 
799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 
1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,599,- 
569. 

Eng. Pat. 6387—1913; 181,892—1922; 
181,395—1922; 231,161—1925; 244, 
543; 275,653. 

Can. Pat. 249,773. 

Fr. Pat. 445,638; 
595,155. 

Aust. Pat. 99,665. 

Cellulose ether, ethyl—US.P. 1,281,080; 
1,405,491; 1,411,677; 1,432,364; 1,432,- 
365; 1,434,427; 1,538,860. 

Eng. Pat. 164,3886—1919; 205,195—1922. 

D.R.P. 307,125. 

Cellulose ether, methyI—US.P. 1,538,860. 

Eng. Pat. 164,386—1919; 205,195—1922. 

Cellulose formate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 
695,127; 999,490; 1,029,341; 1,105,- 
619; 1,140,174; 1,153,596; 1,173,337; 
1,217,027; 1,217,123; 1,316,311; 1,488, 
608; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 21,719—1910; 29,246—1910; 
8313—1911; 6798—1911; 106,375— 
1916. 

Fr. Pat. 423,774; 428.069. . 

D.R.P. 249,535; 265,911; 267,557. 

Aust. P. 54,512. 

Cellulose formate solvent—D.R.P. 265,- 
852; 265,911; 266,600; 267,557. 

Cellulose hydroacetate—D.R.P. 287,745. 

Cellulose, mixed esters of—Eng. Pat. 
8646—1910; 8647—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 414,679. 

Aust. P. 47,244. 

Cellulose nitrate-acetate 
US.P. 729,990; 888,516. 

Cellulose, octonitric—U.S.P. 756,176. 


408,396; 562,667; 


compound— 


eS ee, ee “~~ 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 303 


Cellulose oleate—US.P. RI. 11,997; 
999,490. 

Cellulose palmitate—US.P. 830,493; 
1,105,619. 

Cellulose phenol propionate—U.S.P. 


695,127; R.I. 11,997. 
Cellulose phenyl acetate—US.P. RT. 
11,997; 695,127; 830,493. 
Cellulose phosphoformate—Eng. 
29,246—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 423,774. 
D.R.P. 249,535. 
Aust. P. 54,512. 
Cellulose proprionate—US.P. 
11,997; 695,127; 1,181,860. 
Eng. Pat. 6798—1911; 106,375—1916; 
131,384—1918. 
Cellulose, propyl—D.R.P. 307,125. 
Cellulose stearate—U.S.P. 999,490; 1,- 
173,337. 
Cellulose triacetate—U.S.P. 1,188,798. 
Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Cellulose, tricetyI—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Cellulose xanthates—US.P. 951,582; 
1,217,027; 1,431,455. 
Cellulose xanthogenate—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Cement—U.8.P. 1,112,890; 1,122,554. 


Pat. 


Ri. 


Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 2802—1873; 
8513—1889; 12,075—1915; 115,855— 
1917. 


Cement for fabrics—US.P. 1,648,437. 
Cement for films—U.S.P. 1,505,820; 
1,556,512; 1,596,965. 
Ceresine wax—US.P. 1,592,338; 
340; 1,594,525. 
Cerium—U'S.P. 1,196,144. 
Cerium carbonate—U'S.P. 1,538,862. 
Cerium oxalate—U.S.P. 1,538,862. 
Chalk—U.S.P. 294,557. 
Eng. Pat. 2802—1873; 
156,096—1920. 
Charibetol—Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. 
China clay—U.S.P. 352,726; 1,217,123. 
Eng. Pat. 491—1885; 264,045. 
Can, Pat. 21,473. 
Chinoline—US.P. 1,217,027. 
Chloracetanilid—Eng. Pat. 15,485—1904; 
2817—1906. 
Chloracetate of chloramyl—Eng. 
487—1888. 
Chloracetic acid—Eng. Pat. 870—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 420,127. 
Chloral—U.S.P. 246,891; 1,354,401. 
Eng. Pat. 184,197—1921. 
Fr. Pat. 530,440. 


1,592,- 


156,095—1919; 


Pat. 


Chloral alcoholate—US.P. 
1,508,483; 1,508,484. 
Eng. Pat. 9537—1907. 
Fr, Pat. 377,010, 
D.R.P. 189,703; 220,228; 265,911. 
Aust P. 34,908. 


1,195,040 ; 


Chloral hexachlorethane—Eng. Pat. 
263,075. 

Chloral hydrate—U.S.P. 246,891; 774,- 
677; 830,493; 1,195,040; 1,351,652; 
1,354,401; 1,508,483; 1,508,484. 

Eng. Pat. 7088—1902; 9537—1907; 
27,258—1910; 184,197—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 319,724; 377,010; 419,530; 
530,440. 

DRP. 152,111; 189,703; 220,228: 
265,911. 

Aust. P. 34,908. 

Chloranisol—Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
p-Chlorbenzene-sulfamid—U.S.P.  758,- 


335. 
p-Chlorbenzenesulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. 
p-Chlorbenzenesulfo-beta naphthol — 

U2 tion os0. 

Chlorbenzol—U.S.P. 1,105,619. 
Chlorbenzyl alcohol—U. S.P. 1,370,853. 

Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 

Swiss P. 65,057. 
Chlorbenzylhydrates—U.S.P. 1,181,860. 
Chlorbenzyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. 
Chlorethane—U S.P. 1,439,293. 

Fr. Pat. 553,547. 

Chlorethyl alcohol—Aust. P. 56,488. 
Chloretone—Eng. Pat. 205,195—1922. 


Chlorhydrin—US8.P. 942,395; 1,005,454; 
1,406,224, 
Eng. Pat. 11,928—1907; 476—1910; 
243,722. 
Aust. Pat. 50,656. 
Chlorhydrins, alkylidene ethers of— 
D.R.P. 288,267. 


Chlorhydrin derivatives—U.S.P. 
800. 

Chlorides of alkalies and alk. earths, 
use of in solvents—U.8.P. 573,132. 

Chloride of lime—Eng. Pat. 1125—1856. 

Chlorine—U.S.P. 371,021; 372,100. 

Chlorine, use of in Mfg. non-combustible 
compositions—Fr. Pat. 407,862. 

D.R.P. 214,398; 216,307. 

Chlormethyl alcohol—Aust. P. 56,488. 

Chloroacetanilid—Fr. Pat. 341,556. 

Chloro benzoic acids—U.8S.P. 1,161,063. 


1,199,- 


304 


B-Chloro ethyl acetate—US.P. 1,469,816. 
D.R.P, 391,667. 


6-Chlorethylacetic ester—Swiss Pat. 
85,868. 
Chloroform—U.S.P. 284,970; 478,543; 


695,127; 694,946; 774,713; 774,714; 
830,493; 974,285; 988,965; 1,005,454; 
1,027,614; 1,027,616; 1,035,108; 1,039,- 
782; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,112,890; 
1,122,554; 1,175,791; 1,181,859; 1,181,- 
860; 1,188,798; 1,195,673; 1,199,798; 
1,199,800; 1,217,027; 1,229,485; 1,229, 
487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 
1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,281,- 
080; 1,319,229; 1,357,614; 1,370,853; 
1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,394,505; 1,405,- 
487; 1,410,790; 1,431,906; 1,437,828; 
1,437,829; 1,439,293; 1,441,181; 1,464, 
169; 1,469,816; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 9676—1894; 20,874—1900; 
26,075—1901; 5348—1902; 17,232— 
1904; 10,794—1910; 21,719—1910; 
25,183—1913; 13,100—1914; 132,813 
—1918; 134,228—1919; 149,319— 
1919; 171,661—1920; 146,212—1920; 
181,3892—1922; 190,694—1922. 

Can. Pat. 175,107. 


Fr. Pat. 397,429; 317,008; 397,429; 
432,047; 461,544; 483,316; 553,547. 
DRP;.. 202,720; 210,519: 


302,460; 314,317; 85,329. 
Aust. Pat. 50,656; 63,966. 

Chloroform-alcohol—Eng. Pat. 181,392— 
1922. 

Chlorolefins—U.S.P. 1,082,543. 

Chlorphenols—Eng. Pat. 15,945—1911. 

Chlorpropyl acetate—US.P. 1,397,986; 
1,480,016. 

Chlortoluene—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Chloro-toluic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. 

Chrome salts—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 

Chrome yellow—US8.P. 329,313. 

Chromic acid salt, use of in manufac- 
ture of pyroxylin solvents—Eng. Pat. 
22,019—1894. 

Chrysocolla—U'S.P. 1,534,651. 

Cigar tips, coating—U.S.P. 
951,582. 

Cigarette papers, coating for—Eng. Pat. 
28,490—1913; 264,045. 

Cinchonine—US.P. 1,354,401. 

Cinchonine, acetone sulfate of—U.S.P. 
1,349,156. 


126,698 ; 


248,559 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Cinchonine sulfate—U.S.P. 1,354,401. 

Cineol—U.S.P. 996,191. 

Cinnamic acid esters (amyl ester)— 
D.R.P. 351,228. 

Cinnamyl, use of in manufacture of 
pyroxylin solvents—U.8.P. 502,921. 

Cinnamylic alcohol—US.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 

Citric acid—U.S.P. 573,132; 1,089,960. 

Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 7086—1913; 
129,033—1917. 

Fr. Pat. 454,379; 499,703. 

D.R.P. 276,661. 

Citric acid esters—U.S.P 568,105. 

Citric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 
1896; 129,033—1917. 

Clay—US8.P. 1,025,217; 1,582,705. 

Eng. Pat. 148,117—1920. 

Clock dials, coating for—U.S.P. 313,245. 
Cloth, waterproofing composition for— 
US.P. 112,370; 149,216; 578,714. 
Coagulating materials—Eng. Pat. 177,- 

268—1921. 

Coagulating substances—Eng. Pat. 19,- 
735—1908. 

Coal, residual distillation product from— 
US.P. 97,454. 

Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. 

Coal tar products—Aust. Pat. 53,109. 

Cobalt acetate—US.P. 1,636,319. 

Cobalt alkyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 

Cochineal—Eng. Pat. 203,449. 

Cocoanut oil, oxidation product—D.R.P. 
139,738. 

Colemanite—U.S8.P. 1,534,651. 

Collars or cuffs, lacquers for—U.S.P. 
1,453,764. 

Collodion—U.S.P. 18,338; 79,261; 89,582; 
102,798; 104,241; 126,698; 136,953; 
139,333; 149,216; 160,010; 225,802; 
284,970; 417,284; 461,272; 463,039; 
556,017; 627,296; 628,463; 893,987; 
951,582; 953,621; 1,011,181; 1,133,062; 
1,275,063; 1,351,652; 1,505,820; 1,592,- 
338; 1,594,201; 1,596,965. 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 1884—1857; 639 
—1858;  2295—1859; 2249—1860; 
756—1864; 21483—1864; 3651—1868; 
1208—1871; 2802—1873; 4195—1874; 
33—1883; 5974—1883; 5433—1884; 
5413—1886; 383—1887; 8823—1891; 
22,610—1891; 5216—1893; 9261— 
1894; 13,198—1896; 18,744—1901; 
15,912—1905; 5072—1906; 15,536— 
1907;  18,416—1907; 


13,221—1908 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 305 


98,415—1908; 1715—1908; 22,311— 
1910; 2064—1911; 17,953—1912; 137,- 
455—1919; 184,173—1921; 184,495— 
1921; 187,847—1921. 

Can. Pat. 100,547. 

Fr. Pat. 329,854; 356,444; 
379,589; 381,195; 403,761; 
439,648; 452,727; 459,048. 

D.R.P. 12,778; 14,625; 17.089; 66,055; 
211,520; 242,786; 240,563; 250,421; 
277,490; 281,265. 

Collodion cotton—U.S.P. 1,185,514. 

Eng. Pat. 15,355—1899; 9992—1902; 
9962—1904; 28,376—1904; 21,493— 
1906; 8618—1908. 

Fr. Pat. 333,824; 379,589; 436,245. 

D.R.P. 255,704. 

Aust. Pat. 25,570. 

Swiss P. 67,708. 


377,039 ; 
429,166 ; 


Collodion solutions, uses of—US.P. 
92,269. 

Eng. Pat. 2295—1859; 2249—1860; 756 
—1864;  3651—1868; 3178—1871; 
13,198—1896 ; 25,779—1896. 

re Pa. 920,004; 431/11; 452,727; 
459,048. 

D.R.P. 277,490. 


Collodion varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,155— 
1912. 
Collodion wool—Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905; 
11,928—1907. 
D.R.P. 86,740; 93,009. 
Colloiding agent for nitrocellulose— 
USP. 1,598,474. 
Cologne spirits—US.P. 158,188. 
Colophonium—Fr. Pat. 466,911. 
Colophony—U.S.P. 1,195,673. 
Eng. Pat. 9982—1908; 26,079—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 352,858; 387,537; 392,505; 
424,820. 
D.R.P. 163,668; 177,778. 
Swiss Pat. 66,510. 
Colour leaf—Eng. Pat. 5216—1893. 
Colour, oil—Eng. Pat. 5216—1893. 
Coloring earths—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 
Coloring matter—U.S.P. 112,370; 150,- 
722; 262,077; 269,348; 269,344; 
269,345; 286,212; 311,203; 366,231; 
510,617 517,987; 548,108; 552,934; 
552,935; 568,106; 622,727; 631,295; 
830,493; 841,509; 861,435; 942,395; 
982,370; 1,012,887; 1,015,156; 1,027,- 
486; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,117; 
1,041,118; 1,067,785; 1,076,215; 1,076,- 
216; 1,140,174; 1,181,860; 1,242,783; 


1,316,783; 1,330,421; 1,392,040; 1,393,- 
290; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 
1,456,782; 1,562,544; 1,589,700. 

Eng. Pat. 1884—1857; 22491860; 1208 
—1871; 1866—1879; 33—1883; 5413— 
1886; 5791—1887; 19,456—1891; 4169 
—1892; 21,455—1893; 11,927—1898; 
3450—1906; 18,416—1907; 14,586— 
1910;  20,976—1911; 1378—1912; 
10,222-1912; 21,368—1912; 5633— 
1914: 124,763—1916; 129,630—1918; 
131,369—1918; 136,433—1919; 144,- 
012—1919; 154,334—1919; 156,095— 
1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386—1919; 
155,778—1920; 156,096—1920; 174,- 
660—1920; 179,208—1920; 189,942— 
1921; 205,195—1922; 205,446—1923; 
247,288; 266,363; 275,969; 277,989. 

Can. Pat. 100,547; 110,622; 214,462. 

Fr. Pat. 356,444; 381,195; 433,018; 495,- 
021; 520,404. 

DR PY 242,186; 

Aust. Pat. 7052; 47,899; 61,055. 

Swiss Pat. 48,975; 51,952. 


Concrete, paint for coating—US.P. 
1,021,569. 
Copal gum—US.P. 136,953; 150,722; 


286,212; 434,330; 697,790; 304,960; 
805,466; 1,012,887; 1,021,569; 1,166,- 
790; 1,195,673; 1,310,841; 1,329,386; 
1,408,035; 1,410,790; 1,437,170; 1,583,- 
703; 1,623,035. 

Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1695—1867; 383 
—1887; 7784—1893; 8063—1901; 
21,368—1912; 187,847—1921; 243,030; 
254,041; 256,229. 

Can. Pat. 78,060. 

Fr. Pat. 459,006; 517,356. 

D.R.P. 180,489; 263,404; 
177,778. 

Aust. Pat, 27,202; 64,393. 
Swiss Pat. 64,710; 66,510. 
Copal varnish—U.S.P. 225,802. 
Copper butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,- 

652. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Copper chloride—Fr. Pat. 374,395. 
Copper metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 
Copper oxide ammonia cellulose—US.P. 
1,464,949. 
Copper powder—US.P. 
521,056. 
Eng. Pat. 126,989—1916. 
Copperas, white—U.S.P. 697,790. 
Eng. Pat. 8063—1901. 


272,391 ; 


1,521,055; 1, 


306 


Can. Pat. 78,060 
Corals, imitation—U.S.P. 150,722. 
Coraline—U.8.P. 251,410. 
Corks, coating—Eng. Pat. 3612—1912. 
D.R.P. 240,563. 
Cork meal—Eng. Pat. 5633—1914; 156,- 
095—1919. 
Corrosion of lacquer, 
Eng. Pat. 268,901. 
Coumarine—US.P. 269,342. 
Coumarone-indene polymerization prod- 
uct—D.R.P. 277,605. 
Coumarone resin—U.S.P. 1,562,383; 
562,385; 1,562,387. 
Eng. Pat. 171,661—1920. 
Fr. Pat. 469,925; 471,104. 
D.R.P. 281,265. 
Creosote—U.S.P. 578,714. 
Fr. Pat. 450,746; 491,490. 
Swiss Pat. 52,115. 
Creosote carbonate—U.S.P. 1,217,123. 
Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 456,261. 
Creosote oleate—US.P. 1,217,123. 
Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 456,261 
Creosote phosphate—U.S.P. 1,217,123. 
Eng. Pat, 28,210—1912. 
Creosote, wood—U8.P. 234,675. 
Cresol—_U.S.P. RJ. 11,997; 774,713; 
774,714; 1,173,337; 1,217,027; 1,394,- 
890. 
Cresolacetic 
395,703. 
Cresol esters—Eng. Pat. 27,201—1908; 
8646—1910; 8647—1910. 
Aust Pat. 53,109; 47,244; 47,679. 
Cresol, ethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,658; 
414,680. 
Cresol phosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 456,261. 
Cresol phosphoric acid anilids—D.R.P. 
144,648. 
Cresol resin—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Cresol-sulfamid condensation product 
—Fr. Pat. 587,133. 
Cresol, sulfo ethers of—Fr. Pat. 414,680; 
413,658. 
Cresol, thioesters of—Aust. P. 53,109; 
47,244; 47,679. 
Cresol thiophosphates—Eng. Pat. 6608— 
1910. 
- Cresoxyethylacetanilid—D.R.P. 438,849. 
_ Cresyl phosphate—Eng. Pat. 23,445— 
1902. 


reduction of— 


1,- 


acid ethylanilid—D.R.P. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Fr. Pat. 325,685. 

Cresyl phosphoric acid ester—Eng. Pat. 

23,445—1902. 

D.R.P. 142,971. 

Cresylic acid—Eng. Pat. 124,807—1916. 

Curcumine—U.S.P. 139,338. 

Curling of films, preventing—U.S.P. 

1,429,179; 1,496,359. 

Eng. Pat. 15,855—1899. 

Cumarone resins—U.S.P. 1,185,514; 1,- 

191,801, 
Cupro-ammonium cellulose—US.P. 1,- 
523,476. 

Cuprous chloride—D.R.P. 266,600. 

Cyanates—D.R.P. 312,392. 

Cyanimide dicyanodiamide—D.R.P. 312,- 

392. 
o-Cyanocinnamic acid, alkyl esters of 
—D.R.P. 412,884. 

Cyanogen—U.S8.P. 893,634. 

Cyclic acetates—D.R.P. 214,962. 

Cyclic alcohol, ester of—Eng. Pat. 

254,041. 

hydrogenized—US.P. 1,045,895. 

Cyclic hydrocarbons, chlor-derivatives— 

US.P. 1,342,602; 1,580,189. 

Cyclic ketone—Eng. Pat. 254,041. 

Cyclic. oxides—U.8.P. 996,191. 

Cycloacetals—D.R.P. 419,223. 

Cyclobutanone—U'S.P. 1,440,006. 

Eng. Pat. 184,671—1921. 
Cyclohexane—Aust. P. 64,393. 
Cyclohexanol—U.S.P. 900,204; 1,467,097. 

D.R.P. 174,914; 331,285; 334,761; 374,- 

322; 406,924. 

Swiss Pat. 115,116. 

Cyclohexanol acetate—U.S.P. 1,045,895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912; 254,041. 
D.R.P. 251,351; 406,924. 

Swiss P. 59,164. 

Dutch P. 103. 

Cyclohexanol, adipic ester of—D.R.P. 

406,013. 
Cyclohexanol, esters of—Eng. Pat. 3869 
—1912; 7292—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 440,733. 

D.R.P. 434,640. 

Cyclohexanol esters of phthalic acid— 

D.R.P. 367,106. 

Cyclohexanol formate—U.S.P. 1,045,895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912; 254,041. 

Cyclohexanone—US.P. 900,204; 

790; 1,339,728; 1,395,401; 1,467,101. 

Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912; 14,042—1914; 


1,166,- 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 307 


130,402—1918; 128,215—1919; 145,511 
—1920; 254,041; 263,175. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264; 459,006; 510,535. 
D.RP. 174,914; 202,720; 263,404; 272,- 
391; 284,672; 334,761; 334,871. 
Swiss P. 64,710. 
Cyclohexanone-glycerine—Fr. Pat, 589,- 
732; 
Cyclohexyl acetate—Swiss Pat. 115,116. 
Cyclohexyl esters of phenoxyacetic acid 
—D.R.P. 374,322. 
Cyclohexanyl formate—D.R.P. 334,761. 
Cycloketone—U.S.P. 1,339,728. 
Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. 
Cycloketones, alkyl substances—US.P. 
1,339,728. 
Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. 
Cycloketones, amyl substances—US.P. 
1,339,728. 
Eng. Pat. 130,402—1918. 


Cycloketones, unsaturated—D.R.P. 202,- 


720. 
Cyclonaphthanone—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Cyclopentanol acetate—Eng. Pat. 3869— 
1912; 254,041. 
Cyclopentanol, esters of—U.S.P. 1,045,- 
895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. 
D.R.P. 255,692. " 
Swiss P. 59,164; 61,611. 
Dutch P. 103. 
Cyclopentanol formate—Eng. Pat. 254,- 
041. . 
Cyclopentanone—U.S.P. 
339,728. 
Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912; 130,402—1918; 
254,041. 
Fr. Pat. 459,006; 510,535. 
D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391 
Aust. P. 64,393. 
Swiss P. 64,710. 
Cymene—D.R.P. 336,476. 


1,166,790; 1,- 


Dammar, gum—US.P. 329,313; 366,231; 
951,582; 1,021,569; 1,166,790; 1,529,- 
056; 1,583,703; 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 
1,620,977; 1,623,035; 1,629,999; 1,651,- 
578; U.S.R.I. 16,803. 

Eng. Pat. 20,874—1900; 21,368—1912; 
205,828—1923. ~ 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Fr. Pat. 363,592; 459,006. 

D.R.P. 177,778; 263,404; 272,391. 

Aust. P. 64,393. 

Swiss P. 64,710. 


Decolorizing agents—U.S.P. 927,674. 

Dekalin (dekahydronaphthalene)— 
US.P. 1,441,181. 

Dextrine—U.8.P. 830,493; 1,124,012. 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 140 

—1915; 149,319—1919. . 

Diacetanilid—U.S.P. 1,199,800. 

Diacetic ether—U.S.P. 1,245,476; 1,319,- 
229; 1,386,576. 

Diacetin—U.8.P. 1,488,294; 1,608,743. 


Diacetochlorhydrin— U.S.P. 1,244,107; 
1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1, 
244,349. 


Diacetone adonite—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Diacetone alcohol—U.S.P. 1,003,438; 
1,320,458; 1,345,354; 1,434,634; 1,440- 
178; 1,488,294; 1,529,056; 1,591,652; 
1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,651,578. | 
Eng. Pat. 11,728—1911; 179,234—1921 ; 
238 ,485—1925. 
Can. Pat. 260,927; 260,463. 
Fr. Pat. 429,754; 432,264; 596,838. 
D.R.P. 246,967. 
Diacetone arbite—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Diacetone erythrite—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Diacetylacetibenzylidene ether—Fr. Pat. 
363,090. 
Diacetylaniline—D.R.P. 391,873. . 
Dialkylsulfonamides—Eng. Pat. 154,334 
—1919. 
Diamyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. 
Diamyl diglycollate—D.R.P. 434,640. 
Diamyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. 
Diamyl oxalate—U.8.P. 1,309,980. 
Diamyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,608,743; 
1,639,080. 
Eng. Pat. 252,328. 
Diamyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,626,113. | 
Diatomaceous earth—Eng. Pat. 266,363. 
Di-isoamylsulfone — U.S.P. 1,357,614; 
1,370,878; 1,370,879. 
Dibenzenesulfo-imid—U.S.P. 758,335. 
Dibenzyl amine—U.S.P. 1,467,092. 
Dibenzyl-benzenesulfamid—U.8.P. 758,- 
335. 
Dibenzyl - p - chlorbenzene - sulfanilid 
—US.P. 758,335. 
Dibenzylidene acetone—U.S.P. 598,649. 
Dibenzylsulfo - 2.7 - dioxynaphthalin — 
US.P. 758,335. 
Dibenzyl-p-toluene 
758,335. 
Dibenzyl-p-toluene-sulfanilid — USP. 
758,335. 
Dibutyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. 


sulfamid — U.S.P. 


308 


Dibutyl oxalate—US.P. 1,309,980. 
Dibutyl phthalate—US.P. 1,562,386; 
1,591,652; 1,620,977; 1,639,080; 1,651,- 
578. 
Eng. Pat. 243,614; 245,469. 
Can. Pat. 271,948. 
Di-isobutyl phthalate—Eng. Pat. 247,611. 
Dibutyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,309,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,857,614; 1,370,878; 1,370,879. 


Di-isobutyl, sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 
1,370,878; 1,370,879. 
Dibutyl tartrate—US.P. 1,608,748; 


1,620,977; 1,626,113; 1,641,529. 
Eng. Pat. 254,041; 256,214. 
Can. Pat. 270,537. 

Dichloracetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 
Dichlorbenzene—U.8.P. 1,105,619. 
Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 
Fr. Pat. 482,264. 


D.R.P. 128,956. 

Dichlorbenzylethers of glycol—D.R.P. 
353,234, 

Dichlordiphenyl thiophosphate—Eng. 


Pat. 4883—1902. 
BB’Dichlorethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,620,977. 
Dichlorethane—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 1,439,- 
293. 
Fr. Pat. 483,316; 553,547. 
Dichlorethylene—U.S.P. 988,965; 1,105,- 
619; 1,181,858; 1,199,800; 1,244,107; 


1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1, 
244 349. 
Eng. Pat. 4364—1910; 16,932—1910; 


20,976—1911; 17,953—1913; 202,154— 
1922. 

Fr. Pat. 418,309. 

Swiss P. 52,273; 66,509. 

Dichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 598,648; 942,395; 

1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,165,179; 1,217,- 
027; 1,819,229; 1,386,576; 1,420,028; 
1,607,516. 

Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905; 11,928—1907; 
24,006—1909; 202,154—1922; 237,900 
—1925. 

Fr. Pat. 379,589; 417,250; 422,763; 597,- 
132. 

D.R.P. 173,796; 242,786; 222,777. 

Aust. P. 25,570; 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Dichlormethane—U S.P. 
384,188. 
Dichlorphenol—D.R.P. 142,832. 
Dichlorpropane—U.S.P. 1,429,169. 
Dicresyl carbonate—D.R.P. 139,589. 


1,094,830; 1,- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Dicresylglyceryl ethers—Eng. Pat. 13,- 
239—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 443,031; 597,132. 
Dicresyline—US.P. 1,431,845. 
Dicyamimide—Fr. Pat. 470,092. 
Dicyandiamine—U'S.P. 1,641,411; 1,641,- 

412. 

Dicyanodiamide—US.P. 1,358,653. 

Dicyclo-hexyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,600,700. 

Dicyclo-hexyl succinate—U.S.P. 1,600,- 
700. 

Diethyl carbanilide—U.S.P. 1,460,097. 

Diethyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728; 1,- 
618,481. 

Eng. Pat. 250,894. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Diethyl cyclobutanone—U.S.P. 1,440,006. 

Diethyl dimonosilicate—Eng. Pat. 10,320 
—1910. 

Fr, Pat. 402,569. 

Diethyldiphenyl urea—Aust. P. 27,060. 

Diethyl-di-o-tolylurea—Eng. Pat. 17,501 
—1914. 

Diethyl ester of cinnamic acid—Eng. 
Pat. 126,989—1916. 

Diethyl ester of resorcin dicarboxylic 
acid—Eng. Pat. 115,855—1917. 

Diethyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. 

Diethyl monosilicate—Eng. P. 10,320— 
1910. 

Fr, Pat. 402,569. 

Diethyl phthalate—US.P. 1,449,156; 1,- 
449,157; 1,529,056; 1,562,386; 1,562,- 
544; 1,590,156; 1,607,090; 1,653,010. 

Eng. Pat. 243,614; 256,229. 

Diethyl resorcinol-dicarbonate—D.R-P. 
322,619. 

Diethyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,370,- 
878; 1,370,879. 

Diethyl tartrate—D.R.P. 304,224. 

Diheptyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 
370,878; 1,370,879. 

Dihydrobenzoin—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Dihydroxydinaphthylketone—Eng. Pat. 
20,723—1900. 

Dihydroxydiphenyldimethyl-methane — 
Eng. Pat. 18,822—1912; 18,499—1913. 

Fr, Pat, 447,645. 

Dihydroxy diphenyl sulfone—Eng. Pat. 
15,855—1909. 

Fr. Pat. 404,886. 

Diluent for pyroxylin solvents—US.P. 
494,792; 555,596; 718,670; 1,021,569. 

Eng. Pat. 6798—1912; 24,033—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 429,788; 432,264. 


{ 
. 


. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 309 


p-Dimethyl amino 
US.P. 1,460,097. 
Dimethyl aniline—U.S.P. 830,493;  1,- 
467,094. 
D.R.P. 314,317. 
Dimethyl carbonate—US.P. 610,728. 


phenyl acetate— 


Dimethyl cyclobutanone—US.P. _ 1,- 
440,006. 

Dimethyl cyclohexanone—Eng. Pat. 
128,215—1919. 


Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Dimethyl ether—Eng. Pat. 182,820—1921. 
Dimethylhydrochinon—U.8.P. 607,554. 


Dimethyl phenyl tolyl urea—Fr. Pat. 
505,087. 
Dimethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,449,156; 
1,449,157. 
Eng. Pat. 5633—1914. 
Dimethyl sulfone—U.S.P._ 1,357,614; 


1,370,878; 1,370,879. 

0, o -Dimethylol-p-cresols, alkyl, aralkyl, 
aryl, oxalkyl ethers of—D.R.P. 
395,704. 

Dinaphthyl carbonate—D.R.P. 139,589. 

Dinaphthyl ketone—Eng. Pat. 20,723— 
1900. 

D.R.P. 122,166. 

Dinaphthyl methane—D.R.P. 140,480. 

Dinaphthyl phosphoric acid amyl ester 
—D.RP. 142,971. 

Dinaphthyl phosphoric 
D.R.P. 144,648. 

Dinitroacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 

Dinitrobenzene—U.S.P. 269,342; 
115. 

Eng. Pat. 20,234—1893. 

D.R.P. 56,946; 93,228. 
Dinitrocellulose—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Dinitrophenol—D.R.P. 56,946. 
Di-nitro-toluol—U.8.P. 542,692; 543,108. 
Dinitrotrinaphthyl phosphate —US.P. 

733,110. 

Dinitrotrinaphthyl thiophosphate—Eng. 
Pat. 4883—1902. 

Di-nitro-xylol—U.S.P. 553,270. 

1:4 Dioxane—Eng. Pat. 275,653. 

Dioxydinaphthyl ketone—D.R.P. 122,166. 

Dioxy-diphenyl dimethyl methane— 
US.P. 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,188,356. 

Aust. Pat. 63,966. 

Dioxydiphenyl sulfone—D.R.P. 219,918. 

Diphenylamine—U.8.P. 1,067,785; 1,199,- 
798; 1,199,800; 1,245,476; 1,319,229; 
1,886,576; 1,388,472; 1,431,845; 1,494,- 
475. 


acid anilid— 


1,303,- 


Diphenyl carbinol—U.S.P. 1,181,860. 
Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Diphenyl carbonate—U'S.P. 700,884. 
D.R.P. 139,589. 
Diphenyl ether—U.S.P. 1,090,643; 1,181,- 
859; 1,479,955. | 
Fr, Pat. 459,539. 
Swiss P. 65,459. 
Diphenyl ethylene 
1,460,097. 
Diphenylethyl phosphate—Fr, Pat. 606,- 
969. 


diamine—U.S.P. 


Diphenylmethyl phosphate—Fr. Pat. 
606,969. 

Diphenyl glyceryl ether—Eng. Pat. 
13,239—1912. 


Fr, Pat. 443,031. 
Diphenyl glyceryl ethers, chlorinated— 
Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 443,031. 
Diphenyl methane—U'S.P. 1,467,095. 
Diphenyl phosphate—Eng. Pat. 12,804— 
1913. 


Diphenyl phosphoric 
D.R.P. 144,648. 
Diphenyl phosphoric acid ethyl dimethyl 

ester—D.R.P. 142,971. 

Diphenyl ortho phthalate—U.S.P. 1,398,- 
939. 

Diphenyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 
370,879; 572,135. See also sulfo- 
benzid. 

Diphenyl thiocarbamide—U.S.P. 572,135. 
See also sulfocarbanilid. 

Diphenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,302,202. 

Aust. P. 27,060. 
Diphenyl urethane—U.S.P. 1,280,278. 
Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. 
Fr, Pat. 470,042. 
Dip lacquer—U'S.P. 1,166,790; 1,419,258. 
Eng. Pat. 15,327—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666; 195,312. 
Aust. P. 64,393. 
Swiss P. 64,710. 

Dipropyl carbonate—U.S.P. 610,728. 

Dipropyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. 

n-Dipropyl sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 1,- 
370,878; 1,370,879. 

Di-tsopropyl, sulfone—U.S.P. 1,357,614; 
1,370,878; 1,370,879. 

Di-zsopropyl ketone—U.S.P. 1,469,812. 

Disinfectants—Eng. Pat. 12693—1896. 

Disulphoxide—D.R.P. 399,074. 


acid anilide— 


310 


Di-o-toluenesulfo-2.7-dioxynaphthalin — 
US.P. 758,335. 

Ditolyl ketone—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

m-Dixylylethane—U.S.P. 1,563,205. 

Dixylylethers of glycol—D.R.P. 353,234. 

Door handles, lacquers for—Eng. Pat. 
18,268—1914. 

Dopes, for aeroplanes—U.S.P. 1,298,199; 
1,301,955; 1,315,216; 1,320,290; 1,400,- 
430; 1,426,521; 1,429,295; 1,440,178; 
1,469,839; 1,552,808; 1,590,782. 

Eng. Pat. 6798—1911; 12,804—1913; 
124,515—1916; 124,763—1916; 124,807 
—1916;  124,844—1916; 126,989— 
1916; 128,274—1916; 128,659—1917; 
128,974—1917; 123,752—1918; 130,- 
402—1918; 130,962—1918; 131,273— 
1918; 131,369—1918; 131,641—1918; 
132,283—1918; 133,353—1919; 161, 
564—1921; 131,384—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 495,000. 

D.R.P. 260,915. 

Can. Pat. 198,265; 200,433. 

Jap. P. 42,553. 

Dress-shields, coating—U.S.P. 874,879. 

Driers—Eng. Pat. 263,175. 

Driving belts, coating of—Eng. Pat. 
156,096—1920. 

Drop black (coloring matter)—US.P. 
1,324,154. 

Dry cell, use of lacquer in production of 
—U.S.P. 1,515,945. 

Dyes—U.S.P. 105,338; 190,865; 265,337; 
774,714; 861,485; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 
1,275,063; 1,332,349; 1,360,759; 1,402,- 
969; 1,528,291; 1,589,700; 1,591,652; 
1,652,353. 

Eng. Pat. 1057—1863; 1865—1879; 7784 
—1893; 13,198—1896; 9962—1904; 
127,027—1917; 127,615—1917; 127,678 
—1917; 149,319—1919; 275,653; 275,- 
969. 

Can. Pat. 110,622. 

Fr. Pat. 132,495. 

D.R.P. 212,696; 220,322; 256,922; 267,- 
992; 276,013; 281,374. 

Aust. P. 56,488. 

Swiss Pat. 115,116. 


Eggs, coating for—Eng. Pat. 2145—1911. 
Elasticity, increasing—Eng. Pat. 7743— 
1909. 
Elemi gum—US8.P. 951,582; 
1,623,035. 
Eng. Pat. 254,041; 256,229. 


1,594,521 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Fr. Pat. 477,294. 

Emulsions of colloids, preparation of, 
Eng. Pat. 206,520. 

English red—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. 

Epichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 942,395; 1,015,- 
156; 1,027,614; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 
1,217,027; 1,226,340; 1,226,343; 1,244,- 
107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 
1,244,349; 1,473,218; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905. 

Fr. Pat. 412,797. 

D.R.P. 84,146. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952; 52,115. 
Erythritediformal—U SP. 996,191. 
Essence of Orient—Eng. Pat. 257,626; 

261,589. | 
Essences—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. 
Esters—U.S.P. 1,021,569; 1,316,311. 

Eng. Pat. 1378—1912; 129,033—1917. 

Can. Pat. 230,046; 261,371. ~ 

Fr. Pat. 408,370; 601,547. 

Japanese P. 34,855. 

Ester gum—U.S.P. 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 
1,620,977; 1,623,035; 1,651,578. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Esters, compound—Eng. Pat. 15,536— 
1907. 

Esters, mixed—U.S.P. 518,386; 518,387; 
559,824. 


Ester obtained by hydrogenation of 


ketone oils containing alcohol— 
D.R.P. 406,924. 

Etching, lacquer used in—Eng. Pat. 
28 ,415—1908. 


Ethane chloride—Fr. Pat. 461,034. 

Ethane, chlorinated derivatives of—Fr. 
Pat. 432,047; 432,264. 

Ethers—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892; 13,100— 
1910; 13878—1912; 134,228—1919; 
190,694—1922. 

Fr. Pat. 408,370; 464,617. 

Ether, ethyl—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,393; 149,- 
216; 150,722; 158,188; 265.337; 
286,212; 304,229; 381,354; 471,422; 
478,543; 502,921; 595,355; 596,662; 
598,649; 628,463; 783,828; 874,879; 
894,108; 953,621; 979,431; 1,027,614; 
1,027,615; 1,027,616; 1,089,960; 1,124,- 
012; 1,131,929; 1,191,801; 1,195,040; 
1,217,027; 1,251,710; 1,256,240; 1,330,- 
421; 1,332,349; 1,352,741; 1,392,040; 
1,393,290; 1,430,020; 1,496,198; 1,505,- 
820; 1,556,512; 1,596,965; 1,626,113; 
1,633,683 ; 1,652,353. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 311 


Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 639—1858; 2417 
—1860; 1057—1863;  1866—1879; 
466—1883; 5974—1883; 5433—1884; 
16,330—1887; 8823—1891; 13,139— 
1894; 2568—1896; 12,693—1896; 25,- 
779—1896;  27,534—1897; 20,092— 
1899; 20,874—1900; 5280—1904; 9962 
—1904; 17,232—1904; 28,376—1904; 
11,397—1907; 18,416—1907; 24,214— 
1907; 18607—1910; 21,081—1912; 
7086—1913; 26,079—1913; 140—1915; 
105,137—1916; 131,273—1918; 184,495 
—1921 ; 205,828—1923 ; 233,874—1925 ; 
256,214; 268,901. 

Fr. Pat. 132,495; 184,548; 
340,622; 347,303; 363,592; 
381,195; 392,505; 422,819; 
451,711; 428,012: 433,013; 
469,925; 470,092; 580,883. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 27,031; 185,808; 211,- 
520; 220,322; 331,285; 343,162; 302,- 
460. 

Aust. P. 7052; 34,908; 17,684. 

Jap. Pat. 42,553. 

Ether, mixed—U.S.P. 494,793; 559,824; 
718,670; 741,554. 

Ethereal oils, halogen derivatives of— 
Fr. Pat. 322,506. 

Etheric oils—D.R.P. 188,822; 202,720. 

Ethoxy acetophenone—HIr. Pat. 432,264. 

Ethoxy benzyl alcohol—US.P. 1,181,860. 

Ethoxyphenone—Eng. Pat. 128,215—1919. 

Ethyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456; 1,041,- 
113; 1,229,485; 1,188,798; 1,229,486; 
1,229,487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 
347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,280,279; 
1,468,222; 1,552,794. 

Eng. Pat. 154,157—1919; 277,626. 

Fr. Pat. 470,042. 

D.R.P. 343,182. 

Swiss P. 52,115. 

Ethyl-acet-G-naphthalid—US.P. 1,090,- 
642. 

Fr. Pat. 459,542. 

Swiss P. 65,139. 

Ethyl acetate—US.P. 269,343; 315,357; 
552,934; 552,935; 587,096; 888,516; 
928,235; 1,021,569; 1,027,614; 1,027,- 
615; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,050,065; 
1,067,785; 1,118,498; 1,135,026; 1,143,- 
979; 1,195,431; 1,199,798; 1,203,756; 
1,217,027; 1,234,921; 1,244,107; 1,244, 
108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 
1,245,476 1,266,073; 1,301,187; 1,303,- 
563; 1,310,841; 1,319,229; 1,320,458; 


329,854 ; 
368,004 ; 
431,090; 
445.638; 


1,821,611; 1,821,633; 1,821,634; 1,324,- 
154% 1,841,710; 1,353,385; 1,857,876; 
1,365,049; 1,886,576; 1,394,890; 1,397,- 
173; 1,397,493; 1,398,239; 1,400,196; 
1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,408,423; 1,410,- 
790; 1,412,770; 1,425,173; 1,429,153; 
1,431,906; 1,432,365; 1,434,465; 1,434,- 
634; 1,437,170; 1,449,156; 1,449,157; 
1,451,313; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 
071; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 
1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,- 
098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 
1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,- 
105; 1,488,294; 1,500,366; 1,501,206; 
1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,056; 1,530,- 
987; 1,533,616; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 
1,538,862; 1,562,353; 1,562,386; 1,563,- 
010; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,583,703; 
1,589,608; 1,594,521; 1,594,525; 1,596,- 
965; 1,608,742; 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 
1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,623,035; 1,630,- 
752; 1,633,683; 1,641,529; 1,651,578. 

Eng. Pat. 12,684—1890; 7277—1893; 
21,455—1893; 17,602—1897; 11,512— 
1905; 10,794—1910; 14,586—1910; 
714—1914; 14,042—1914; 24033— 
1914; 127,027—1917; 122,679—1918; 
122,456—1918; 123,752—1918; 131,647 
—1918;  132,996—1918; 133,972— 
1919; 164,0832—1919; 164,033—1919; 
145,510—1920; 161,564—1921; 182,820 
—1921; 184,197—1921; 184,495— 
1921; 209,727; 244,543; 243,350; 250,- 
894; 258,698; 261,589; 263,175. 

Fr. Pat. 398,084; 397,429; 349,970; 
415,945; 432,264; 441,146; 472,423; 
488,994; 521,370; 530,440; 600,178. 

Can. Pat. 179,699; 196,151; 196,925; 
196,926; 201,913; 260,927; 262,784. 

DIRE: 20,0615> 68356 >> 161,213 : ° 185, 
808; 189,703; 210,519; 302,460; 307,- 
075; 331,285. 

Jap. Pat. 32,242. 

Ethyl acetic ether—Fr. Pat. 445,638. 
Ethyl acetone—Eng. Pat. 187,847—1921. 
Ethyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 1,437,952; 
1,449,156; 1,449,157. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264; 479,387. 


D.RP. 379,343. 
Ethyl aceto  tetrachloranilid—D.R.P. 
180,280. 
Ethyl acetyl-f-naphthalid— Fr. Pat. 
470,042. 
Ethyl acetylricinoleates—U.S.P. 1,357,- 


876. 


312 


Ethyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,095. 
Ethyl amyl ether—U.S.P. 507,749; 718,- 
670. 
Ethyl isoamyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. 
Ethyl isoamyl surfone—U.S8.P. 1,357,614; 
1,370,878; 1,370,879. 
Ethyl benzene—U.S.P. 1,467,093. 
Ethyl benzoate—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,217,- 
027; 1,388,472; 1,469,862; 1,620,977. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 276,013. 
Ethyl benzoyl-o-toluidine—Fr. 
408,370. 
Eng. Pat. 13,100—1910. 
S-ethyl benzoyl trichlor anilid—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Fr. Pat. 365,297. 
D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. 
Ethyl benzyl aniline—U.S.P. 1,467,096. 
Ethyl butyl ketone—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,- 
355. 
Ethyl isobutyl oxide—US.P. 741,554. 
Ethyl butyrate—US.P. 1,309,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,398,239; 
1,398,946; 1,405,448; 1,429,174; 1,432,- 
365. 
Eng. Pat. 15,386—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 428,664. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
Ethyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. 
Ethyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. 


Pat. 


Ethyl carbonate—US.P. 1,529,056; 1,- 


552,805. 

Ethyl chloracetate—US.P. 1,244,107; 
1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1, 
244,349. 


Ethyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463; 1,181,- 
860; 1,199,799. 
Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896; 10,222—1912; 
190,694—1922. 
Fr. Pat. 483,316. 
D.R.P. 307,075. 
Ethyl chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. 
Ethyl cinnimate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
388,472. 
Ethyl citrate—US.P. 1,217,027. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Ethyl crotonate—D.R.P. 367,294. 
Ethyl disilicate—Fr. Pat. 325,336. ° 
Ethyl ester of acetyl hydroxyacetic acid 
D.R.P. 324,786. 
Ethyl ester of phenylene sulfonic acetic 
acid—D.R.P. 366,116. 
Ethylethenyltrichloramidin—U.S.P. 892,- 
899 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Ethylethyltrichlor-o-phenylene diamine 
—D.R.P. 180,126. 
Ethyl formanilid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. 
Fr, Pat. 470,042. 
Ethyl formate—U.S.P. 561,624; 1,303,563; 
1,529,056; 1,552,806. 
Eng. Pat. 2465—1913; 184,197—1921; 


243,350. 

Fr. Pat. 439,721; 472,423; 487,350; 
530,440. 

D.RP. 331,285; 302,460. 

Aust. P. 53,099. 


Ethyl glycol—U.8.P. 1,533,616. 
Eng. Pat. 236,190—1925. 
Ethyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 482,264. 
D.R.P. 381,413. 
Ethyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 
Ethyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Ethyl lactate—U.S.P. 1,185,074; 1,195,- 
673; 1,552,796; 1,562,544; 1,591,652; 
1,618,481; 1,639,080; 1,651,578. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 18,189—1910; 
25,182—1913; 148,117—1920; 250,894. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Fr. Pat. 418,744; 482,264; 464,617. 
D.R.P. 192,666; 319,723; 331,285. 
Swiss P, 66,510; 67,708. 
Ethyl laevulate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Ethyl levulinate—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 
Ethyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894, 
Ethyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Ethyl-naphthyl-ether—U.S.P. 1,090,643. 
Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 
Fr. Pat. 459,539. 
Swiss P. 65,459. 
Ethyl beta naphthyl ether—Eng. Pat. 
131,389—1918. 


Ethyl p-naphthyl-ether—U.S P. 1,338,691. 


Fr. Pat. 470,041. 
Ethyl nitrate—U.S.P. 1,303,115. 
Ethyl oleate—U.S.P. 1,199,800. 
Ethyl oxalate—U.S.P. 1,562,544. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
Ethyl palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
Ethyl pentachlor anilid—D.R.P. 180,280. 
Ethyl pentachloride—Fr. Pat. 450,746. 
Ethyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 
Ethylphenylmethyl - 0 - tolylurea—Eng. 
Pat. 17,501—1914. 
Ethyl phenyl urea—US.P. 
1,302,202. 
Fr. Pat. 459,541; 470,042. 
Swiss P. 65,925. 


1,090,641 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 318 


Ethyl phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,280,278. 
Fr. Pat. 470,042. 

Ethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 888,516; 1,217,- 
027: 1,338,691; 1,405,491; 1,434,634; 
1,488,294. 

Eng. Pat. 
4940—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 470,041. 

D.R.P. 192,666. 

Ethyl propionate—US.P. 1,309,980; 1,- 
309,981; 1,342,603; 1,370,878; 1,370,- 
879; 1,397,173; 1,398,239; 1,432,365; 
1,473,217. 

Ethyl propyl ketone—U'S.P. 595,355. 

Ethyl isopropyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. 

Ethyl salicylate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894; 10,320—1910. 

D.R.P. 192,666. 

Ethyl sebacate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,217,- 

027; 1,388,472. 
D.R.P. 169,782. 
Aust. P. 28,298. 

Ethyl silicate—US.P. RI. 13,793. 

Ethyl starch—US.P. 1,563,204. 

Ethyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 

Fr. Pat. 387,179. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 
Ethyl succinate—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,- 
449,156; 1,449,157; 1,473,219. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Ethyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 

Ethyl toluenesulfonate—HEng. Pat. 1441 
—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 412,797. 

Ethyl p-toluol-sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- 
041,113. 

Can. Pat. 264,990. 

Ethyl ortho-tolyl urethane—U.S.P. 1,- 
280,278. 

Fr, Pat. 470,042. 

Ethyleneacetochlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,027,- 
615; 1,027,618. 

Ethylene bromide—U.S.P. 1,467,100. 

Ethylene butylidene ether—D.R.P. 419,- 
223. 


15,914—1894; 592—1907; 


Ethylene chlorbromide—U.S.P. 1,339,- 
552: 1,432,373. 
Ethylenechlorhydrin—USP. 1,027,614; 


1,027,617; 1,408,423; 1,444,406. 

D.R.P. 383,699; 406,426; 439,009. 
Ethylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,027,616; 
1,181,859; 1,199,800; 1,244,107; 1,244,- 
108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349: 


1,265,217; 1,397,986; 1,429,188; 1,464,- 
170. 
Fr. Pat. 461,034. 

Ethylene, chlorinated derivatives of—Fr. 

Pat. 432,047; 432,264. 
Aust. Pat. 69,916. 

Ethylene dibromide—U.S.P. 1,339,552. 

Ethylene dichloride—Fr. Pat. 421,843; 
596,838. 

US.P. 1,644,417; 1,644,420. 
Can. Pat. 260,463. 
Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. 

Ethylene ethylidene ether—D.R.P.419,- 
223. 

Ethylene glycol, alkyl ether of—Eng. 
Pat. 238,485—1925; 250,894. 

U.S.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,417. 
Fr. Pat. 596,838. 
Can. Pat. 260,463. 

Ethylene glycol, amyl _ ethers 

US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,484. 
Eng. Pat. 250,894. 

Ethylene glycol, butyl ethers 

US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,483. 
Eng. Pat. 245,129; 250,894; 256,229. 
Fr. Pat. 596,838. 

Ethylene glycol, condensation products 
of aldehydes with—D.R.P. 369,445; 
369,446. 

Ethylene glycol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,- 
522,852. 

Ethylene glycol, diisobutyl ether of— 
Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. 

Ethylene glycol, mono- and dialkyl 
ethers—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925. 

Fr. Pat. 596,838. 

Ethylene glycol, mono and diethyl ether 
—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925; 245,129; 
250,894; 256,229. 

Fr. Pat. 596,838; 600,178. 
Can. Pat. 260,463; 262,784. 
US.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,417; 1,644,420. 

Ethylene glycol, mono and dimethyl 
ethers— Eng. Pat. 238,485 — 1925; 
250,894; 256,229. 

Fr. Pat.—596,838. 
US.P. 1,618,481; 1,644,419. 

Ethylene glycol, mono- and dipropyl 
ether—Eng. Pat. 238,485—1925; 245,- 
129; 250,894; 256,229. 

Fr. Pat. 596,838. 
US.P. 1,618,481; 1,618,482. 

Ethylene monoacetate—Can. Pat. 271,- 
382. 

Ethylene thiohydrin—D.R.P. 366,115. 


of— 


of— 


314 


Ethylene thiohydrin, condensation prod- 
ucts of aldehydes with—D.R.P. 
369,446; 369,445. 

Ethylene trichloride—U.S.P. 1,467,105. 

Ethylidene acetate—Eng. Pat. 131,669— 
1918. 

D.R.P. 281,373. 

Ethylidene acetone—U.SP. 1,363,763. 

Ethylidene chloride—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 
1,181,860. 

Fr. Pat. 483,316. 

Ethylidene chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,- 
267. 

Ethylidene diacetate—U.S.P. 1,488,608. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
D.R.P. 174,259; 281,373. 

Ethylidene diphenol—D.R.P. 367,560. 

Ethylidene diphenol, alkyl ethers of— 
D.R.P. 369,536. . 

_Ethylidene esters—Eng. Pat. 
1913. 

Ethylidene 
1913. 

D.R.P. 288,267. 

Ethylidene glycol ether—US.P. 996,191. 

Ethylidenepropylene ether—U.S.P. 996,- 
191. 

Ethylidene urethane—U.S.P. 568,106. 

Eugenol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 
1,394,890; 1,426,521; 1,521,055; 1,521,- 
056. 

Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916; 
1918; 158,521—1918. 
Fr. Pat. 495,000; 499,993. 

Iso-eugenol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 
1,426,521; 1,521,055; 1,521,056. 

Eng: Pat. 124,768—1916; 131,369— 
1918; 158,521—1918. 
Fr. Pat. 495,000; 499,993. 

Evaporation retarder—US.P. 893,987; 
1,095,999; 1,366,256. 

Explosives—U.8S.P. 951,445; 974,900; 1,- 
090,641; 1,090,642; 1,090,643; 1,090,- 
644; 1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,302,202; 
1,303,115; 1,306,440; 1,310,489; 1,338,- 
691; 1,348,741. 

Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. 
D.R.P. 93,228. 

Explosives, coatings for—U.S.P. 315,357. 
Eng. Pat. 28,376—1904. 


14,246— 


ethers—Eng. Pat. 14,246— 


Fabrics, coating of—U.S.P. 602,797; 603,- 
O01; 612,066;  612,067*~ > 612,566. 
615,319; 622,727; 694,946; 834,913; 
861,485; 888,516; 904,269; 942,395; 


131,369— 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


1,131,929; 1,133,062; 1,141,224; 1,242,- 
491; 1,247,610; 1,256,240; 1,301,955; 
1,315,216; 1,316,783; 1,324,154; 1,393,- 
355; 1,453,764; 1,533,598; 1,538,858 ; 
1,552,808. 

Eng. Pat—785—1855;  2359—1855; 
2849—1858; 2417—1860; 1695—1867; 
1208—1871; 5348—1902; 18,742— 
1904; 592—1907; 1799—1909; 23,547 
—1909; 870—1910; 1799—1910; 6798 
—1910; 18,076—1910; 18,607—1910; 
6798—1911;  10,708—1911; 7418— 
1913; 23,957—1913; 4668—1914; 5633 
—1914; 7899—1914; 13,100—1914; 
106,336—1916; 128,974—1917; 135,180 
—1918;  181,3884—1918; 131,641— 
1918; 1386,4833—1919; 142,615—1919; 
144,012—1919; 145,546—1920; 156,096 
—1920. 

Can. Pat: 200,433. 

Fr. Pat. 351,844; 379,979; 392,505; 409,- 
196; 412,797; 422,819; 429166; 431,- 
090; 433,012; 427,562; 446,627; 
455,811. 

D.R.P. 169,782 175,664; 212696; 238 
361; 241,781; 241,820; 347,014. 

Aust. Pat. 28,298. 

Fabrics, impregnating—Eng. Pat. 243,- 

614. 

D.R.P. 433,653; 

Fats—US.P. 91,377; 97,454; 953,621; 

1,131,929; 1,217,027; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 
22,662—1901; 11,340—1909; 15,945— 
1911; 8370—1914; 127,027—1917; 
148,117—1920. 

Fr. Pat. 339,654; 429,879. 

D.R.P. 40,373; 211,520; 220.322. d04.2 
224. 

Fatty acids—U.S.P. 1,316,311; 1,594,525. 
Eng. Pat. 7418—1913; 246,447; 275,747. 
Fr, Pat. 455,811. 

D.R.P. 273,498. 

Fatty acids, ethers of—Fr. Pat. 387,179. 

Fatty acid, halogenized—U.S.P. 855,556. 

Fatty compounds—Fr. Pat. 429,879; 581,- 

190. 

Eng. Pat. 275,747. 

U.S.P. 1,594,525. 

Fenchone—US.P. 979,431; 1,653,008. 

Ferric chloride—U.S.P. 1,364,342. 

Fr, Pat. 317,884. 

Ferric oxide—U.S.P. 1,431,455. 

Ferric phosphate—Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 315 


Fiber, impregnating with pyroxylin sol- 
vents—Eng. Pat. 11,928—1907. 

Fibrous surfaces, coating—U.S.P. 615,- 
446; 1,355,586. 

Fr. Pat. 611,899. 

Filler—U.S.P. 974,285; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 
074; 1,242,783; 1,352,741; 1,392,040; 
1,431,455; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454, 
961; 1,464,949; 1,594,521; 1,652,353. 

Eng. Pat. 26,657—1909; 23,728—1912; 
149,319—1919; 156,095—1919; 164,384 
—1919; 164,885—1919; 164,386— 
1919; 147,904—1920;. 148,117—1920; 
155,778—1920; 156,096—1920; 174,660 
—1920; 179,208—1920; 202,154 
1922; 205,195—1922; 205,446—1923 ; 
264,045; 266,363. 

D.R.P. 151,918; 256,922; 279,638. 

Films—U.S.P. 1,518,396; 1,572,232; 1,575,- 
778; 1,580,189. 

Eng. Pat. 11,625—1909; 114,304—1917; 
115,855—1917; 138,379—1918; 164,- 
032—1919; 161,564—1921; 177,268— 
1921. 

Can. Pat. 175,107; 234,321. 

Fr. Pat. 402,072; 402,083; 452,432; 
459,972; 461,544; 475,351; 482,239. 

D.RP. 277,529. 

Aust. P. 42,440, 46,991; 53,109. 

Swiss P. 52,488; 61,929. 

Finger nail lacquer—Eng. Pat. 203,449; 
257,626; 276,834. 

Finish—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 

Fireproof composition—US.P. RI. 
11,997; 729,990; 738,533; 794,581; 
803,952; 893,634; 962,877; 1,133,385; 
1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,193,178; 1,199,- 
395; 1,199,798; 1,245,476; 1,298,199; 
1,310,841; 1,315,216; 1,819,229; 1,323,- 
792; 1,825,931; 1,329,386; 1,349,156; 
1,354,401; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 1,364,- 
342; 1,386,576; 1,388,825; 1,420,028; 
1,440,178; 1,458,505; 1,512,751; 1,534,- 
651; 1,586,052; 1,538,859; 1,554,505. 

Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 6389—1896; 
8301—1901; 9277—1904; 5891—1907 ; 
9982—1908; 11,397—1907; 6608— 
1910; 8647—1910; 10,320—1911; 20,- 
975—1911; 7899—1914; 118,891— 
1917; 138,379—1918; 138,641—1919; 
233,874—1925. 

Can. P. 147,578; 200,433; 229,843. 

Fr. Pat. 322,457; 328,054; 347,303; 
349,292; 364,690; 368,004; 372,018; 
377,039; 387,537; 392,270; 401,228; 


402,569; 413,658; 
436,900; 450,746; 
580,883. 
D.R.P. 206,471; 214,398; 216,307; 303,- 
018; 383,699. 
Aust. P. 53,109. 
Fire-extinguishing gas, evolution of— 
Fr. Pat. 317,884; 349,292. 
Fish glue—U.S.P. 803,952. 
Eng. Pat. 4195—1874. 
Fr. Pat. 424,820. 
Fish line, waterproofing—U.8.P. 1,165,- 
179. 
Fish scales—Eng. Pat. 3450—1906. 
D.R.Pi 215,672. 
Fish scale lustre—Eng. Pat. 1695—1867; 
6893—1914. 
Floor coverings—US.P. 1,562,383; 1,562,- 
385; 1,562,386; 1,562,387. 
Eng. Pat. 156,095—1919; 
1920. 
Floor putty for use under lacquer— 
US.P. 1,582,705. 


427,804; 
452,432 ; 


432,264 ; 
461,034; 


156 ,096— 


Flow in  lacquers—U.S.P. 1,341,710; 
1,437,170. 

Flowers, artificial, manufacture of— 
USP. 102,798. 


Flowers, preservation of natural—U.S.P. 
417,284. 
Fluidity, increasing—U.S8.P. 1,089,960. 
Eng. Pat.—7086—1913. 
Fluorescent dye-stuffs—Eng. Pat. 16,271 
| —1911. 
Fr. Pat. 482,483. 
Fluorspar—U.S.P. 1,012,887. 
Formamide—Eng. Pat. 184,197—1921. 
Formaldehyde—U.S.P. 830,493; 893,634; 
952,724: 1,105,619; 1,464,949; 1,533,- 
598. 
Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896; 13,131—1900; 
4154—1909; 200,186—1922. ; 
Fr. Pat. 320,133; 326,576; 328,658; 331,- 
819; 400,652; 402,028; 429,166; 441,- 
146. 
D.R.P. 237,718; 242,467; 379,348; 375,- 
640. 
Formaldehyde, condensation products of 
—US.P. 952,724. 
Eng. Pat. 256,229. 
D.R.P. 188,822; 404,024. 
Formaldehyde-phenol, condensation 
product—U8.P. 1,173,337. 
Formanilid—U.8.P. 528,812; 
1,217,027; 1,280,279. 
Eng. Pat. 21,831—1894. 


1,090,642; 


316 


Fr, Pat. 459,542; 470,042. 

Swiss P. 65,139. 

Formic acid—US.P. 518,387; 518,388; 
555,596; 922,340; 1,029,341 ; 1,217,027 ; 
1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 6554—1909; 127,027—1917 ; 

179,234—1921; 184,495—1921 ; 255,803. 

Fr. Pat. 472,423. 

D.R.P. 348,182. 

Formic acid ester—US.P. 830,493. 

Fr. Pat. 487,350. 

Eng. Pat. 243,030. 

Formic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. 

Formol—Fr. Pat. 377,039. 

Form ortho toluidid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. 

Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Form-p-toluid—Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Formylacetyl-o-toluidine—D.R.P. 

873. 

Formyl-diphenyl amine—Eng. Pat. 12,- 
863—1901. 

Fr. Pat. 482,264. 

D.RP. 182,371. 

Aust. P. 11,376. 

Fossil earth—Eng Pat. 156,096—1920. 

French carmine—US.P. 1,419,258. 

French chalk—US.P. 149,216. 

Furfural—U.S.P. 1,394,890; 
1,529,056. 

Eng. Pat. 138,078—1920. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Fr. Pat. 472,423; 491,490; 519,536. 

D.R.P. 307,075; 331,285; 302,460. 
Furfuryl alcohol—Fr. Pat. 512,850. 
Furniture polish—Swiss P. 67,591. 

Fusel oil—US.P. 269,343; 269,344; 
340,026; 371,021; 372,100; 417,202; 
422,195; 428,654; 450,264; 471,422; 
478,543; 494,790; 494,791; 494,792; 
494,793; 495,263; 502,546; 502,547; 
504,905; 507,749; 518,386; 518,387; 
518,388; 555,596; 559,823; 559,824; 
587,211; 595,355; 598,649; 622,727; 
797,373; 841,509; 1,173,931; 1,185,514; 
1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,233,874; 1,265,- 
217; 1,292,819; 1,309,980; 1,309,981 ; 
1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,354,725; 1,354,- 
726; 1,370,878; 1,370,879; 1,379,596 ; 
1,380,258; 1,388,472; 1,398,239; 1,398,- 
939; 1,400,196; 1,411,677; 1,411,708; 
1,415,059; 1,419,258; 1,429,188; 1,431,- 
900; 1,431,905; 1,437,170; 1,437,952; 
1,444,331; 1,444,333; 1,458,256; 1,479,- 
955; 1,512,751; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 


391,- 


1,450,716; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


1,548,932; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 
805; 1,562,386; 1,580,189; 1,594,521; 
1,594,525; 1,599,569; 1,618,482; 1,618,- 
483; 1,620,977; 1,629,999; 1,631,468; 
1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413. 

Eng. Pat. 4668—1885; 491—1885; 5791 
—1887; 17,717—1896; 15,771—1887; 
487—1888; 5344—1889; 10,3893—1889 ; 
9315—1890; 20690—1890; 7277— 
1893; 7784—1893; 870—1910; 1799— 
1910; 14,298—1910; 21,015—1913; 714 
1914; 5633—1914;  236,190—1925; 
263,184; 276,834. 

Can. Pat. 175,107; 262,784. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548; 233,727; 420,127; 461,- 
058; 463,622; 472,423; 482,239; 600,- 
178. 

D.R.P. 130,977; 241,781; 281,265; 375,- 
274; 238,361. 

Aust. P. 17,684. 

Swiss P. 66,488. 

Fusel oil, ozonized—U.S.P. 507,964. 

Eng. Pat. 22,137—1893. 


Galipot—Eng. Pat. 756—1864. 

Gallacetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649. 

Gas mantels, lacquer for—D.R.P. 195,- 
312; 195,313. 

Gasoline—U'S.P. 265,337 ; 286,212; 1,397,- 
986; 1,533,616; 1,594,521; 1,618,481; 
1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,644,- 
418. 

Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 
236,190—1925; 250,894; 255,406. 

Fr. Pat. 182,495; 600,178. 

Can. Pat. 260,466; 262,784. 

Gasproofing composition—U.S.P. 1,431,- 
845. 

Gauze impregnating—Eng. Pat. 23,777— 
1912. . 

Gelatin—U.S.P. 803,952; 888,516; 1,364,- 

1 842, 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 21483—1864; 4195 
1874; 2484—1878; 959—1879; 33— 
1883; 2694—1887; 11,927—1898; 15,- 
355—1899; 9277—1904; 4154—1909; 
2145—1911; 25,449—1911; 15,386— 
19138; 206,520. 

Fr. Pat. 319,926; 320,133; 344,048; 363,- 
592; 372,599; 401,228; 402,028; 410,- 
973; 420,044; 424,820; 450,746. 

D.R.P. 40,373; 114,278. 

Aust, P. 57,706. 

Jap. Pat. 37,972. 

Gelatinized* masses—D.R.P. 287,745. 


a a 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 317 


Gelatinizing agents—US.P. 1,609,303. 

Eng. Pat. 245,469, 246,272; 247,174; 
247,611; 252,328. 

Fr. Pat. 581,651; 605,085. 

Geraniol formate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

Geranium lake—U.S.P. 1,419,258. 

Geranyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

Germicides—HEng. Pat. 12,839—1915; 
12,840—1915. 

Gilding, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 22,610— 
1891; 18,383—1905. 

Gilt—U.S.P. 190,865. 

Glass, adhesive for—Fr. Pat. 477,294. 

Glass, coating—Eng. Pat. 5433—1884. 

Glass, composition for frosting—U.S.P. 
445,528. 

Glass, lacquer for coating during mfg. of 
mirrors—U.S.P. 621,360. 

Glass, producing images on—Eng. Pat. 
24,214—1907, 

Glass, varnish for—Eng. Pat. 1057— 
1863; 4195—1874; 15,386—1913. 

Gloss—U.S.P. 225,802; 1,564,664. 

Eng. Pat. 19,456—1891; 13,198—1896; 
18,076—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 479,387. 

D.R.P. 175,664; 221,081. 

Glossy or silky effects, producing on 
fabrics—U.S.P. 904,269. 

Eng. Pat. 2417—1860. 

Glucose—U.8.P. 1,415,059. 

Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. 

Fr. Pat. 372,599; 424,820. 

D.R.P. 140,855. 

Glucose diacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose dibutyrate—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose distearate—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose ditartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose esters—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose, octa acetyl—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose pentacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glucose tetratartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,- 
263. 
Glucose triacetate—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Glue—U.8.P. 651,364; 888,516; 904,269; 
952,724; 1,089,960; 1,431,455. 

Eng. Pat. 3651—1868; 4195—1874; 383 
1887; 9277—1904; 21,719—1910; 27,- 
969—1911; 205,446—1923. 

Can. Pat. 100,547. 

Fr. Pat. 356,444; 372,018; 447,664. 

D.R.P. 242,467. 

Jap. Pat. 37,972. 

Dutch Pat. 103. 

Glue, fish—Fr. Pat. 344,048. 


Glue, Russian—Eng. Pat. 15,912—1905. 
Gluten—D.R.P. 40,373. 
Glycerides—U.S.P. 1,316,311. 

Glycerides of cocoanut oil acids—US.P. 
1,633,683. 

Glycerine—U.S.P. 102,798; 112,370; 417,- 
284; 461,272; 587,211; 651,364; 893,- 
987 ; 904,269; 928,235; 952,724; 1,011,- 
181; 1,140,174; 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 
TeISB 77 1,217,027 220-217,123- 1 357, 
447; 1,894,752; 1,415,059; 1,431,900; 
1,464,949; 1,607,090. 

Eng. Pat. 1208—1871; 2484—1878; 959 
—1879; 1866—1879; 5974—1883; 
2694—1887; 17,747—1894; 17,717— 
1896; 24,790—1896; 7676—1900; 12,- 
277—1905; 4577—1906; 1715—1908; 
4154—1909; 26,657—1909; 14,293— 
1910; 13,239—1911; 16,271—1911; 
25,449—1911; 27,969—1911; 1378— 
1912; 23,728—1912; 12,091—1915; 
190,269—1921; 275,969. 

Fr. Pat. 319,926; 339,081; 351,555; 354,- 
942; 364,690; 377,039; 402,028; 424- 
820; 432,483. 

D.R.P. 40,373; 277,490; 327,376; 357,- 
484; 295,764. 

Aust. P. 61,055. , 

Glycerine acetate—U.S.P. 410,208; 1,015,- 
1553°-1,015,156. 

Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. 

Fr. Pat. 397,429; 440,955. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Glycerine, acetic esters of—U.S.P. 1,303,- 
TG: 

Eng. Pat. 12,804—1913. 

Glycerine, benzoic esters of—Eng. Pat. 
13,131—1900. 

Glycerine chlorhydrins, alkyl or alkyli- 
dene ethers of—D.R.P. 228,267. 
Glycerine, chlorine derivatives of di- 
phenyl ether of—U.S.P. 1,089,910. 
Glycerine derivatives—Fr. Pat. 421,010. 
Glycerine, dicresyl ethers of—U.S.P. 

1,089,910. 

Glycerine, dicresyline ether of—Eng. Pat. 
237 ,900—1925. 

Glycerine, diphenyl ether 
1,089,910. 

Glycerine esters—U.S.P. 598,648. 

Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913; 263,076. 

Fr. Pat. 443,031; 476,991; 581,190; 581,- 
651. 


of—US.P. 


318 


Glycerine esters of the camphene series 
—USP. 1,317,721. 

Glycerine esters of naphthenic acid— 
USP. 117,725. 

Glycerine esters of phthalic acid—U.S.P. 
1,317,721 

Glycerine ethers—Eng. 
1912; 237,900—1925. 

Fr. Pat. 597,182. 

Glycerine, halogen esters of—U.S.P. 830,- 
493. | 

Glycerine monochlorhydrineformol — 
US.P.—996,191. 

Glycerol, bibenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 
234. 

Glycerol, tribenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 
234. 

Glycerol chlorhydrins—D.R.P. 91,819. 

Glycerol, condensation products of— 
U.S.P.—1,303,115; 1,310,489. 

Glycerol, ether oxide of—Swiss P. 61,929. 

Glycerol, fatty acid ester of—U. SP. 
1,626,113. 

Glycerol monobenzoate—U.8.P. 598,648. 

Glycerol, trethyl ether of—Kng. Pat. 
256,229. 

Glyceryl benzoate—Eng. Pat. 124,763— 
1916. 

Fr. Pat. 482,264. 

Glyceryl esters—Fr. Pat. 470,726. 

Glyceryl esters of aromatic carboxylic 
acids—Fr. Pat. 461,544. 

Glyceryl esters of castor oil—D.R.P. 
350,973. 

Glyceryl esters of rape oil or marine 
oils—D.R.P. 350,973. 


Pat. 13,239— 


Glyceryl ethers, sulphonated—US.P. 
478,955. 

Glyceryl, oxy-fatty ethers of—U.S.P. 
491,880. 


Glyceryl paratoluene sulphonate—Eng. 
Pat. 25,484—1899. 
Glyceryl triacetate—See also triacetine; 
acetin. 
Glycid—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Glycid acetate—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Glycid ether—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 443,031. 
Glycocoll—Eng. Pat. 243,722. 
Glycol—D.R.P. 327,376. 
Swiss P. 76,547. 
Eng. Pat. 275,969. 
Glycol benzoate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Glycol, bibenzyl ether of—D.R.P. 353,- 
234. 

Glycol, dixylil ethers of—D.R.P. 353,234. 

Glycol, esters of—Fr. Pat. 476,991. 

Glycol esters of fatty acids of non dry- 
ing oils—D.R.P. 338,475; 350,973. 

Glycol monoacetate—Eng,. Pat. 238,485. 

Fr. Pat. 596,838. 
Can. Pat. 260,463; 271,382. 
US.P. 1,644,417; 1,644,420. 
Glycol diacetate—Eng. Pat. 238,485. 
Fr. Pat. 596,838. 
Can. Pat. 260,463. 
US.P. 1,644,417, 1,644,420. 

Glycol mono-methyl ether, acetate of 
—Eng. Pat. 256,229. 

Glycol mono-ethyl mono-para-tolyl 
ether—Eng. Pat. 256,229. 

Glycol mono-ethyl mono-phenyl ether— 
Eng. Pat. 256,229. 

Glycollic acid, ethyl esters of—Aust. P. 
78,972. 

Glycollic Acid, Ethers or Thioethers of 
Esters of—D.R.P. 434,640. 

Glycols, mono-alkyl ethers of—Eng. 
Pat. 245,129; 256,229. See also: 
Ethylene glycol, ethers of. 

Glycose diacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose dibutyrate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose distearate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose ditartrate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose, octacetylic—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose pentacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose sugars, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycose tetratartrate—US.P. 830,493. 

Glycose triacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Glycyl ether of an unsaturated fatty 
acid—U.S.P. 491,880. | 

Glycyl ether of unsaturated acid—Eng. 
Pat. 3469—1893. 

Gold bronze—Fr. Pat. 398,028. 

Gold chloride—U.S.P. 150,722. 

Gold leaf—U.S.P. 982,370. 

Gold leaf compound—Fr. Pat. 398,028. 

Gold metal—U.8.P. 1,652,587. 


Gold paints—Eng. Pat. 22610—1891; 
7688—1892. : 

Gold powder—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892; — 
7676—1900. 


Gold size—Eng. Pat. 127,678—1917. 
Golf ball lacquer—U.S.P. 1,419,258. 
Swiss P. 48,975. . 
Gramophone records—Eng. Pat. 192,107 — 
—1921. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 319 


Graphite—U.S.P. 692,102; 1,015,156; 
1,185,074. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 


Guanidine—D.R.P. 312,392. 


Guiacol—U.S.P. 600,556; 1,005,454 ; 
1,357,447. 
Eng. Pat. 476—1910. 
D.R.P. 295,764 


Aust. P. 50,656. 

Gums—U.S.P. 88,948; 209,570; 251,410; 
265,337; 461,272; 495,263; 555,596; 
631,295; 951,582; 952,724; 1,021,569; 

1,118,498; 1,135,026; 1,321,633; 1,321,- 
634; 1,323,624; 1,341,710; 1,352,741; 
1,356,440; 1,400,480; 1,419,258; 1,589,- 
608; 1,641,529; 1,653,010. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 1125 
—1856;  2256—1856; 2849—1858; 
2249—1860; 2143—1864; 2675—1864; 
3651—1868; 4195—1874; 2484—1878; 
959—1879; 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 
5586—1887; 12,684—1890; 24,790— 
1896; 27,534—1897; 28,613—1897; 
3450—1906; 129,033—1917; 133,972— 
1918; 158,586—1919; 164,033—1919; 
202,835—1922; 184,173. 

Fr. Pat. 182,495; 422,819; 482,483; 445,- 
638; 472,423; 495,021; 499,703. 

Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926; 
260,927. 

D.R.P. 40,373; 180,489, 273,498. 

See also animi, arabic, balata, ben- 
zoin, copal, dammar, elemi, juniper, 
kauri, lac, mastic, para, sandarac, 
shellac, tragacanth. 

Gum-ammonia—Eng. Pat. 
1923. 

Gums, solvents for—U.S.P. 518,386; 804,- 
960. 

Fr, Pat.-472,423. 

Gun-cotton—U.8.P. 89,582; 91,393; 150,- 
722; 313,245; 445,528; 556,017. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 2675 
—1864; 2802—1873; 2694—1887; 4169 
1892; 20,092—1899; 26,201—1905; 18,- 
383—1906. 

Fr, Pat. 379,589; 381,195; 431,090. 

Dr 1 s02l. 

Aust. P. 7052. 

Gunpowder—U.S.P. 979,431. 

Gutta-percha—US.P. 91,377; 91,378; 
190,865 284,970; 461,272; 1,140,174; 
Dyed Dore 1,217,123; 1,563,205; 


205 ,446— 


King. Pat. 2249—1860; 3984—1868; 8513 
1889; 22,528—1907; 24,006—1909. 
Aust. P.—61,055. 
Gypsum—HEng. Pat. 148,117—1920; 266,- 
363. 


Halogen salt—U.S.P. 612,066. 
Halogen, sulphophenic derivatives of— 
Fr. Pat. 397,429. 
Halogen vinyl compounds, polymeriza- 
tion products of—Fr. Pat. 474,086. 
Halogenated derivatives—Fr. Pat. 408,- 
370. 

Hardening agent for 
Pat. 263,076. 

Hardness, imparting—D.R.P. 177,778. 

Hats, coating—Eng. Pat. 5072—1906; 
22,311—1910. 

Hats, use of collodion for coating— 
U.S.P.—92,269; 927,674. 

Eng. Pat. 756—1864; 26,072—1904. 

Headlight reflectors, lacquer for—US.P. 
1,369,467. 

Heliotropin—Eng. Pat. 15,536—1907. 


celluloid—Eng. 


Helindon dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378— 
1912. 
Hexachlorethane — USP. 


1,105,619; 
1,534,651+ 1,630,752. 
Eng. Pat. 21,426—1911; 6798—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 418,347; 429,788. 
Hexachlornaphthalene—U S.P. 1,639,080. 
Hexa ethyl dimonosilicate—Eng. Pat. 

10,320—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 402,569. 

Hexahydro benzyl ketone—Fr. Pat. 409,- 
557. 

Hexahydrophenol—Can. Pat. 260,927. 
US.P. 1,651,578. 
Hexahydrophenols, 
1,045,895. 
D.R.P. 251,351. 
Swiss P. 59,164. 
Hexamethylenetetramine—U S.P. 

493; 1,094,830. 
Hexane, chlorinated derivatives 

USP. 1,148,258. 

Hexapentanol, esters of—Eng. Pat. 7292 
1912. 

Fr. Pat.—440,733. 

Hexyl acetate—US.P. 1,552,801. 

Hexylene diacetate—US.P. 1,084,702. 

Hides, coating for tanned—Eng. Pat. 28,- 
743—1908. 

High boiling solvents—Eng. Pat. 124,763 
—1916; 124844—1916;  126,989— 


OL U.es 


esters 


830,- 


of— 


320 


1916; 131,369—1918; 131,3884—1918; 
154,334—1919; 160,225—1919; 147,904 
1920; 222,168—1923. 
Can. Pat. 200,433. 
D.R.P. 331,285; 406,924. 
Hippuric acid, nitro, chloro, & glycerine 
ether of—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Honey—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864. 
D.R.P.—40,373. 
Horn, artificial—Fr. Pat. 336,970. 
Hydrazine sulfate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Hydroaromatic ketones—Fr. Pat. 409,- 
557. 


Hydrocarbons—U.S.P. 97,454; 
1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 15,121—1884; 
7784—1893; 11,397—1907; 29,246— 
1910; 25,182—1912; 7956—1915: 164, 
032—1919; 164,033—1919; 173,786— 
1920; 236,190—1925; 263,184. 

Can. Pat. 196,150. 

Fr, Pat. 387,537; 412,799; 423,774; “445, 
638; 464,617. 

D.RP. 254,385; 295,764; 381,413. 

Swiss P. 51,952; 64,710. 


894,108 ; 


Hydrocarbons, benzene—U.S.P. 1,583, 
703. 
Hydrocarbons, halogen _ substitution 


products of aromatic—Fr. Pat. 310,- 
942. 


Hydrocarbon-carbon oxyacid anhydride, | 


pyroxylin solvent from—Can. Pat 
109,502. 

Hydrocarbons, chlorinated—US.P. 1, 

199,800; 1,620,977. 
Can. Pat. 175,107. 

Hydrocarbons, chlor-derivatives of cyclic 
—USP. 1,342,602; 1,580,189. 

Hydrocarbons, chloro & bromo deriva- 
tives of nitrated—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 

Hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic— 
Erg. Pat. 8301—1901; 129,630—1918 

Fr. Pat. 482,239. 
D.R.P. 364,347. 

Hydrocarbons, nitrated or amine halo- 
gen substitution products of—Fr Pat. 
310,942. 

Hydrocarbons, nitro & amino halogen 
derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 10,213— 
1901. 


Hydrocarbons, nitro derivatives of aro- 
matic—Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 
Hydrocelluloses—U.S.P. 830,493. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Hydrocellulose, inorganic or organic acid 
esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. 

Hydrocellulose, nitrated—Eng. Pat. 20,- 
234—1893. 

Hydrochloric acid—Eng. Pat. we: 
1909. 

US.P. 1,598,949. 

Hydrochloric acid, use of in manufac- 
ture of pyroxylin solvents—US.P. 
555,596; 1,173,337. 

Hydrogen peroxide—U.S.P. 1,469,839. 

Hydrogen peroxide, use of in dissolving 
cellulose—U.S.P. 1,379,699. 

Hydronaphthyl ketones—Fr. 
557. 

Hydroquinone diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 
803. 

Hydroquinone monoacetate—US.P. 1,- 
552,803. 

Hydroscopic materials—Eng. Pat. 128,- 
659—1917; 131,093—1918. 

Hydroscopic solvents—U.8.P. 718,670. 

Eng. Pat, 22,540—1896. 

Hydroxy benzoic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. 

Hydroxybenzyl alcohol—US.P. 1,370,- 
853. 

Hydroxylamine—U'S.P. 830,493. 

Hydroxyquinol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 
803. 

Hydroxyquinol monoacetate—US.P. 1,- 
552,803. 

Hypochlorite—U8.P. 1,598,972. 

Hypochlorite, use of in manufacture of 
pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 972,953. 

Can. Pat. 182,232. 
Fr. Pat. 421,058. 


Pat. 409,- 


Imides—Eng Pat. 13,100—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 408,370; Ad. to 408,370. 
Impermeability of textiles—Fr. 
433,013. 
D.R.P. 224,330. 
Incandescent mantles, lacquer for—Eng. 
Pat. 15,696—1903; 15,536—1907. 
D.R.P. 192,666. . 
Indanthrene dyestuffs—Eng. Pat. 1378— 
1912. 
Indene derivatives of tar oils—U.S.P. 
1,191,801. 
Indene resins—Fr. Pat. 469,925. 
USP. 1,191,801. 
D.R.P. 281,265 
India rubber—US.P. 91,377; 
651,364; 1,431,455 


Pat. 


149,216; 


eee eee 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 321 


Ting. Pat. 745—1855; 2249—1860; 3984 
—1868; 20,874—1900; 17,427—1910. 
Inert substances—U.S.P. 1,027,486; 1,- 
041,112; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,- 
117; 1,041,118; 1,590,782. 
Eng. Pat. 18,189—1910; 126,989—1916 
Fr. Pat. 418,744. 


D.R.P. 260,915. 
Inflammability reducers—U.S.P. RI. 13, 
793; 794,581; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 


1,045,990; 1,067,785; 1,351,652; 1,353,- 
384; 1,858,914; 1,379,596; 1,388,825; 
1,411,677; 1,429,295; 1,432,864; 1,432,- 
365; 1,451,313; 1,469,839; 1,493,207 ; 
1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 1,496,- 
198; 1,584,651; 1,588,859; 1,538,860; 
1,538,862; 1,554,505; 1,594,201; 1,616,- 
910; 1,630,752; 1,631,468; 1,633,067; 
1,641,411; 1,641,412; 1,641,413. 

Eng. Pat. 3072—1882; 15,121—1884; 
24,695—1893; 6389—1896; 6803— 
1896; 7975—1897; 5891—1907; 27,- 
201—1908; 6608—1910; 10,320—1910; 
18,607—1910; 27,283—1910; 28,848— 
1910; 23,777—1912; 7418—1913; 12,- 
804—1913; 11,635—1914; 2067—1915; 
127,027—1917; 131,082—1918; 138,379 
—1918;  1388641—1919;  203,847— 
1922; 206,770—1923; 230,6683—1925 ; 
237,900—1925; 243,350; 268,901. 

Can. Pat. 147,578; 256,395. 

Fr. Pat. 317,884; 322,457; 
328,054; 344,048; 344,501; 
351,555; 360,912; 364,690; 
372,599; 374,395; 376,399; 
407,862; 413,657; 413,658; 
421,848; 427,562; 433,012; 
455,811; 461,034; 562,667; 
580,883; 597,132; 606,969. 

D.R.P. 260,915; 221,081; 357,484; 396,- 
051. 

Aust. P. 53,109; 57,706. 

Swiss P. 51,644. - 

Ink for lacquered surfaces—U.S.P. 1,- 
562,544. 

Inodorous celluloid—Eny. Pat. 21,485— 
1892. 

Insoles for shoes, waterproofing—U.S.P. 
1,263,186. : 

Insulating lacquer—U.S.P. 1,594,201. 

Eng. Pat. 256,214, 

insulating material—U.S.P. 294,557; 701,- 
357; 1,005,454; 1,025,217; 1,563,205. ° 

Eng. Pat. 2264—1902; 6600—1904; 157,- 
119—1919. 


325,336; 
347,446; 
368,004 ; 
387,537 , 
420,044; 
439,648 ; 
580,882 ; 


Fr. Pat. 340,622. 
D.R.P. 28,972; 130,977; 260,915; 336,- 
476. 
Aust. P. 50,656. 
Inulin—Eng. Pat. 7256—1856. 
Iodoform—U.S.P. 628,463. 
Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. 
Iron alkyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 
Iron butyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Iron oxide—US.P. 999,490; 1,496,198. 
Iron, oxidized—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. 
Iron, tincture of muriate of—U.8.P. 209,- 
57U. 
Isinglass—Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 383— 
1887. 
Isoprene—Eng. Pat. 2067—1915. 
Fr. Pat. £75,351. 
Ivory biack—U.8.P. 1,310,841. 


Japan—U.S.P. 1,830,421; 1,392,040. 

japan lacquer—Aust. P. 7052. 

Japanese wood oil—U.S.P. 1,316,311. 

Japanese Yoshino—US.P. 1,592,338; 
1,592,340; 1,626,113. 

Jelutong resin—U.S.P. 1,105,619. 

Juniper, gum—Eng. Pat. 21,081—1912. 


Kaolin—U.S.P. 445,528; 1,012,887; 1,464,- 
949, 

Kauri gum—U5S.P. 366,231; 518,386; 
555,596; 1,012,887; 1,562,385; 1,562,- 
387; 1,583,703; 1,589,608; 1,618,483; 
1,623,035; 1,651,578. 

Eng. Pat. 243,030. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Kerosene—U.S.P. 518,388; 1,107,222. 

Ketones—U.S.P. 783,828; 1,021,569; 
1,158,217; 1,166,790; 1,185,514; 1,283,- 
183; 1,815,216; 1,408,035; 1,410,790; 
1,437,170. 

Eng. Pat. 6542—1892; 6548—1892; 15.- 
9141894; 5280—1904; 6519—1910; 
714—1914; 129,0833—1917; 209.727. 

Fr. Pat. 342,464; 589,732. 

D.R.P. 281,265. 

Jap. Pat. 34,855. 

Ketone condensation 
Pat. 18,499—1918. 

D.R.P. 214,962. 

Ketone, hydrogenized monocyclic—Eng. 
Pat. 23,544—1912. 

D.R.P.—263,404; 272,391. 

Ketonic group, organic acia containing— 
Fr. Pat. 319,724. 


products—Eng. 


322 


Ketotetramethylene—U.S.P, 
See diethyl cyclobutanone. 

Kieselguhr—U.8.P. 1,317,721. 

Kinematograph films, lacquers for reno- 
vating—Eng. Pat. 7956—1915. 

Kinematograph films, manufacture of 
non-inflammable—Eng. Pat. 2067— 
1915. 

Kinematograph films, removing “rain 
streak” from—Eng. Pat. 2326—1914. 

Kinematograph films, manufacture— 
Eng. Pat. 184,495—1921. 


1,440,006. 


Lac, gum—US.P. 1,133,062. 

Eng. Pat. 756—1864; 33—1883; 383— 
1887 ; 2694—1887 ; 2568—1896; 4154— 
1909; 4253—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 377,089; 402,028. 

D.R.P. 216,307; 253,984. 

Lacquer—U.S.P. 1,452,219. 

Lacquer, colored—Fr. Pat. 233,727. 

Lacquer, method of applying dip—U.S.P. 
1,572,461. 

Lactic acid—U.S.P. 690,211; 1,029,341. 

Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 8313—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 421,854; 428,069. 

D.R.P. 214,898; 273,498. 

Lactic acid, esters of—Eng. Pat. 25,182— 
1913. 
Fr, Pat. 464,617; 535,466. 
Swiss P. 66,510; 67,708. 


Lactic acid, ethers of—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 


1,015,156. 
Eng. Pat. 6858—1896. 
Aust. Pat. 47,899. 
Swiss P. 51,952. 
Lactic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 
1896. 
D.R.P. 214,398. 
Lactic acid, tetra acetyI—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Lactose—D.R.P. 140,855. 
Lactose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Lactose tartaric acid—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Lakes—Eng. Pat. 1878—1912. 
Lampblack—US.P. 1,185,074; 1,426,521. 
Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918; 192,107— 
1921. 
Lanolin—U.S8.P. 587,096; 587,097; 1,217,- 
027. 
Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897; 127,615—1917; 
127,678—1917. 
Lanthanum—U8.P. 1,196,144. 
Latent solvents—See essential oils. 
Lantern slides, films for—Eng. Pat. 104,- 
742—1916. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Lauric acid, methyl and ethyl esters of 

—USP.. 1,412,770. 

Lead acetate—U.S.P. 170,360. 

Aust, P. 27,202. 

Lead acetate, use of in manufacture of 
solvents—Eng. Pat. 5344—1889. 
Lead amyl phthalate—US.P. 1,591,652. 
Lead butyl phthalate—US.P. 1,591,652. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Lead compounds—Eng. Pat. 1799—1909. 

Lead ethyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 

Lead metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 

Lead nitrate, basic—Eng. Pat. 5891— 
1907. 

Lead oxide—U.S.P. 1,012,887. 

Lead pipes, coating for—Eng. Pat. 8823— 
1891. 

Lead propyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 

Lead, red—U.S.P. 1,481,455. 

Lead recinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. 

Lead, sugar of—U.S.P. 697,790. 

Eng. Pat. 8068—1901. f 

Can. Pat. 78,060. 

Lead, white—Fr Pat. 469,872. 

Leather, coating—lEng. Pat. 2359—1855; 
28,743—1908; 187,847—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 412,797; 413,901. 

Leather, coating for—Eng. Pat. 6051— 
1884; 785—1885; 189,942. 

Leather, coating used on _ artificial— 
US.P.—3804,229; 352,726; 587,097; 
661,263; 783,828; 909,288; 928,235; 
1,140,174; 1,247,610; 1,217,128; 1,412,- 
770. 

Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907; 4959—1910; 
18,076—1910;  21,081—1912; 714— 
1914; 4668—1914; 5633—1914; 102,- 
114—1916; 106,336—1916; 122,456— 
1918; 180,705—1920; 161,564—1921. 

Can. Pat. 21,473; 61,157; 150,646; 201,- 
913. 

Fr. Pat. 448,808. 

D.R.P.—103,726. 

Aust. P. 61,055. 

Swiss P 48,975. 

Leather, glue for—Fr. Pat. 447,664. 

Levulic acid—Eng. Pat. 6858—1896. 


Levulic acjd, ethers of—Eng. Pat. 6858— ; 


1896. 


Levulic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858—__ 


1896. 
Levulose—D.R.P. 140,855. 
Levulose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. 
D.R.P. 140,263. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 323 


Levulose, pentacetyl—US.P. 830,493. 
D.R.P.—140,263. 

Lichenin—Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. 

Lichens—Fr. Pat. 424,820. 

Light, varnish for transforming rays of— 
U.S.P.—1,188,655; 1,188,776; 1,196,- 
144. 

Fr. Pat. 432,483. 

Lignoid—U'S.P. 251,410. 

Lignoproteins—D.R.P. 346,832. 


-Lignosulphoacid—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 


Ligroin—U.S.P. 1,166,790. 

Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912. 

Fr, Pat. 459,006. 

D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391. 

Aust. P. 64,393. 

Swiss P. 64,710. 

Lime—Eng. Pat. 2802—1873. 

Lime, use of in manufacture of solvents 
—Eng. Pat. 53844—1889. 

Linen, coating—U.S.P. 861,435. 

Eng. Pat. 8618—1908; 17,449—1909; 
24,006—1909; 870—1910; 1799— 
1910; 6519—1910. 

Can. Pat. 110,622. 

Fr. Pat. 403,761; 422,763; 456,729; 420,- 
127. 

D.R.P. 238,361; 241,781; 242,786; 347,- 
014. 

Linoleates, metal—D.R.P. 334,761. 

Linolein, nitro compounds—Eng. Pat. 
21,995—1895. © 

Linolein, nitro derivatives of—D.R.P. 
96,365. 

Linseed oil—U.S.P. 91,377; 158,188; 234,- 
675; 340,026; 631,295; 783,828; 909,- 
288; 981,178; 1,021,569; 1,166,790; 
1,217,027; 1,431,455; 1,562,383; 1,562,- 
385; 1,562,387; 1,618,483; 1,618,484. 

Eng. Pat. 2143—1864; 3651—1868; 
3984—1868; 491—1885; 4668—1885; 
12,684—1890; 21,995—1895; 21,368— 
1912; 23,544—1912; 187,847—1921; 
189,942. 

Fr. Pat. 398,028; 459,006. 

* D.R.P. 17,089; 211,520; 263,404; 272,- 
391. 

Aust. P. 64,393. 

Swiss P, 64,710. 

Jap. Pat. 37,972. 


Linseed oil, boiled—U.S.P. 1,437,170. 


Linseed oil varnish—Fr. Pat. 446,627. 
Litharge—U.S.P. 697,790. 

Eng. Pat. 8068—1901. 

Can. Pat. 78,060. 


Aust. P. 27,202. 
Lithopone—US.P. 1,147,066; 
1,453,764; 1,607,516. 
Eng. Pat. 202,154—1922. 
Lithium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651 

1,616,910. 
Loading materials—HEng. Pat. 129,630— 
1918. 
Logwood, extract of—U.S.P. 209,570. 
Lucrate—U.S.P. 1,131,929. 
Eng. Pat. 11,340—1909. 
Fr, Pat. 433,012; 433,013. 
Luster, imparting—Eng. Pat. 
1904; 11,928—1907. 
DRL. 14,625 3 217,852: 
Luster producing material—Eng. Pat. 
6893—1914. 
Fr. Pat. 381,195. 


1,419,258; 


1759-3 


Magnesia—U.S.P. 
1,431,455. 
Eng. Pat. 8823—1891; 24,790—1896. 
Fr. Pat. 495,000. 


294,557; 1,012,887; 


D.R.P. 260,915. 
Magnesium acetate—Fr Pat. 410,973. 
Magnesium ammonium  phosphate— 


U:S.P. 1,329,386. 

Magnesium borate—Eng. Pat. 15,121— 
"1884. 

Magnesium carbonate—U.S.P. 597,144; 
1,165,179; 1,310,841. 

Magnesium carbonate, hydrated—USP. 
1,633,067. 


Magnesium chloride—U.S.P. 1,400,430; 
1,464,949; 1,469,839. 

Eng. Pat. 6389—1896; 7975—1897; 
27 ,534—1897; 8301—1901; 128,659— 
1917. 

Fr. Pat. 344,501; 374,395; 420,212; 
440,955. 

D.R.P. 93,009. 


Magnesium dihydrogen ortho-antomo- 

niate—Eng. Pat. 233,874—1925. 
Fr. Pat. 580,883. 

Magnesium di-hydrogen pyro-antimo- 
niate—US.P. 1,538,860. 

Magnesium hydroxide—Fr. Pat. 495,000. 

Magnesium lactate—U.S.P. 1,529,056. 

Magnesium oxide—U‘S.P. 150,722. 

Magnesium oxychloride—U.S.P. 1,534,- 
651. 

Magnesium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374 395. 

Magnesium silicate—Eng. Pat. 264,045. 

Magnesium stearate—U.S.P. 951,582. 

Magnesium sulfate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 


324 


Magnesium’ sulforicinoleate—Fr. Pat. 
374,395. 

Magnesium phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 

Maisin—US.P. 9313—1908. 


Fr. Pat. 388,097. 


D.R.P. 207,869. 
Maltodextrin—D.R.P. 221,081. 
Manganese alkyl  phthalate—US.P. 
1,591,652. 


Manganese borate—Eng. Pat. 26,079— 
19138. 

Manganous chloride—Fr. Pat. 364,690; 
374,395. 

Manganese oleate—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 

Manganese peroxide, use of in prepar- 
ing. pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 518,- 
386; 518,387; 518,388; 559,823. 

Manganese siccative—Fr. Pat. 466,911. 

Manila gum—U.S8.P. 1,583,703. 

Eng. Pat. 256,229. 

Mannan acetate—U.S.P. 1,645,141. 
Manol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 
1,434,634; 1,488,294; 1,620,977. 

Eng. Pat. 20,976—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 482,047; 465,345. 
Mannite—Eng. Pat. 12,091—1915. 
Mannitetriformal—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Marble, treating with collodion solution 

—Eng. P. 18,744—1901. 
Marine oils, glyceryl esters of—D.R.P. 
350,973. ; 
Mastic gum—US.P. 951,582; 1,196,144; 
1,487,170; 1,623,035. 
Eng. Pat. 33—1883; 2568—1896; 7087— 
1914. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Fr, Pat. 422,819, 

RPGS: 

Swiss P. 60,988. 

Matches, coating—U.S.P. 136,953. 

Melissic spirits—D.R.P. 12,778. See oil 
of melissa. 

Mercaptols—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 

Mercaptans—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 

Mercuric chloride—U.S.P. 612,066. 

Mercury—U.S.P. 1,451,313. 

Mercury compounds—U.S.P. 1,105,619. 

Mercury oxide—U.S.P. 150,722. 

Mesityl oxide—U.S.P. 1,434,634; 1,437,- 
170; 1,469,826; 1,488,294. 

Metal alkyl phthalates—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Metals, coatings of—Eng. Pat. 209,727. 

Fr. Pat. 581,653. 


Metal coatings, applying to textile 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


fibers—Eng. Pat. 24,289—1903; 13,- 
516—1908. 


Metal, lacquer for—U.S.P. 507,964; 
1,204,709 ; 1,330,421 ; 1,369,467 ; 
1,393,290. 

Eng. Pat. 1208—1871 ; 2802—1873; 6051 
—1884; 5586—1887; 24,955—1902; 
28,415—1908; 18,076—1910. 

D.R.P. 273,498. 

Metal oxides—Fr. Pat. 319,724. 

D.R.P. 138,905. 


Metal powder—U.S.P. 694,946; 1,011,181; 
1,015,156; 1,185,074. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 959—1879; 9261— 
1894; 7088—1902; 1715—1898; 7087— 
1914; 105,1387—1916; 127,615—1917; 
127,678—1917; 131,641—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 398,084; 408,370. 

D.R.P. 217,852. 

Aust. P. 45,239; 47,899. 

Swiss P. 48,975; 51,952. 

Metal salts—Eng. Pat. 16,330—1887. 
Fr, Pat. 319,724; 351,555; 439,648. 
Metals, waterproofing composition for— 
U.S.P.—112,370; 471,422. 
Metallic chloride—Eng. Pat. 2425—1913. 

Fr, Pat. 402,950. 

Metallic oxides—Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. 

Fr. Pat. 319,724. 

Metallic sulfides—Eng. Pat. 7088—1902. 
Methoxy acetophenone—FY. Pat. 432,264. 


Methoxyphenone—Eng. Pat. 128,215— 
1919. 
Methyl acetanilid—US.P. 551,456; 


1,041,113; 1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 
074; 1,188,798; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 
1,229,487; 1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,- 
108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 
1,460,097. 

Eng. Pat. 1441—1910; 18,189—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 340,266; 412,797; 418,744. 

D.R.P. 287,745. . 

Methyl acetate—U.S.P. 269,343; 428654; 

434,330; 478,543; 552,984; 552,935; 
621,360; 1,021,569; 1,181,860; 1,188- — 
799; 1,226,342; 1,303,563; 1,309,980;* 
1,310,841; 1,320,458; 1,353,385; 1,370,- — 
879; 1,394,890; 1,395,401; 1,898,239; — 
1,405,449; 1,406,224; 1,410,790; 1,426,- — 
521, 1,429,153; 1,432,365; 1,432,374; © 
1,434,465; 1,437,170; 1,487,952; 1,440,- — 
006; 1,440,178; 1,449,157; 1,460,097; — 
1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,- 
091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,095; — 
1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,-. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 325 


099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102: 
1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,469,- 
826; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471: 
1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494, 
475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,501,206: 
1,521,055; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1,530,- 
987; 1,536,052; 1,548,933; 1,548,938; 
1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552,803; 1,618,- 


112; 1,041,113; 1,041,114; 1,041,115; 
1,041,117; 1,076,215; 1,082,543; 1,124, 
012; 1,128,468; 1,136,248; 1,143,979; 
1,153,596; 1,165,179; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 
514; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 1,188,799: 
1,188,800; 1,199,395; 1,199,800; 1,203,- - 
756; 1,205,822; 1,217,027; 1,226,339: 
1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,342; 1,226 


482; 1,618,484. 

Eng. Pat. 9315—1890; 12,684—1890: 
28,613—1897; 2145—1911: 1262— 
1914; 124,763—1916; 127,027—1917; 
127,678—1917; 131,369—1918; 131,- 
669—1918; 158,521—1918; 128,215— 
1919; 184,197—1921; 184,671—1921; 
195,849—1922:; 209,727. 


343; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487: 
1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244, 
348; 1,244,349; 1,251,710; 1,309,980; 
1,309,981; 1,316,783; 1,320,458; 1,321, 
611; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,792; 
1,342,601; 1,342,602; 1,350,274; 1,354,- 
725; 1,360,759; 1,370,878; 1,379,596: 
1,380,258; 1,884,188; 1,888,472; 1,392,- 
Fr. Pat. 432,264; 452,432; 464,646; 472, 040; 1,395,401; 1,398,239: 1,398,939; 
423: 495,000; 521,370; 530,440; 611,- 1,405,487; 1,406,224; 1,408,095; 1,410,- 
899. 790; 1,411,708; 1,415,059; 1,425,510; 
Aust. Pat. 7052. 1,429,153; 1,429,169; 1,429,174; 1,429.- 
Jap. Pat. 34,855. 188; 1,431,900; 1,431,905; 1,431,906; 
Methyl acetoacetate—U.S.P. 1,487,952. 1,432,364; 1,432,373; 1,482,874; 1,434,- 
Fr. Pat. 479,387. 426; 1,434,427; 1,437,170; 1,437,792; 
Methyl acetone—US.P. 999,490; 1,021,- 1,439,293; 1,440,006; 1,441,143; 1,444 
569; 1,298,199; 1,310,841; 1,315,216; 331; 1,444,333; 1,444,406: 1,450,714; 
1,320,458; 1,358,914; 1,394,890; 1,398,- 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,456,782; 1,460,- 
239: 1,437,170; 1,437,952; 1,500,366; 097; 1,460,690; 1,466,819; 1,467,071; 
1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,529,056; 1,538,- 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 
861; 1,607,090; 1,633,683; 1,643,437. 095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 
Eng. Pat. 124,515—1916; 127,678— 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 
1917; 122,679—1919; 211,892—1923; 102; 1,467,103; 1,467,105; 1,469,812: 


258,698. 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,469,- 
Fr. Pat. 498,949. 862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 
D.R.P. 397,919. 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,488,608; 1,493,- 


207; 1,493,208; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 
1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,- 
472: 1,494,473; 1,494,475: 1,494,476: 
1,518,417; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,- 
861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 
1,548,938; 1,552,792; 1,552,793; 1,552,- 
794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,799; 
1,552,800; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 
804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,563,205; 
1,575,778; 1,580,189; 1,588,089; 1,594,- 
525; 1,598,949; 1,599,569; 1,607,090; 
1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,630,752; 1,633,- 
067; 1,644,417; 1,644,420; 1,652,353. 
Eng. Pat. 2484—1878; 1866—1879; 466 
1883; 15,121—1884; 8442—1886; 5791 
—1887; 8253—1887; 10,393—1889; 
12,684—1890; 6542—1892; 6543— 
1892: 7784—1893; 22,137—1893; 13,- 
139—1894; 22,019—1894; 6858—1896 ; 
17,602—1897; 28,613—1897; 20,092— 
1899; 4863—1903; 9962—1904; 28,376 


o & p Methyl acetophenone—Eng. Pat. 
— 128,215—1919. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

s-Methyl aceto trichloranilid—D.R.P. 
180,280. 

Methyl alcohol—U'S.P. 294,557; 311,208; 
329,313; 366,231; 381,354; 417,202; 
422,195; 434,330; 471,422; 478,543; 
494,790; 494,793; 495,263; 502,546; 
507,749; 507,964; 510,617; 517,987; 
542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 551,456; 
552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 
555,596; 556,017; 559,823; 559,824; 
568,106; 573,132; 587,096; 595,355; 
597,144; 598,649; 602,797; 612,066; 
612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 621,360; 
622,727; 697,790; 797,373; 888,516; 
893,987; 961,360; 982,370; 999,490; 
1,009,116; 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,021,- 
569; 1,027,486; 1,027,615; 1,027,616; 
1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,035,108; 1,041,- 


326 


1904; 4390—1908; 1441—1910; 13,692 
1910; 10,222—1912; 14,586—1910; 
23,777—1912; 2465—1913; 714—1914; 
1262—1914; 140—1915; 7956—1915; 
112,483—1917; 127,027—1917; 131,647 
—1918; 1282151919:  133,972— 
1919; 160,225—1919; 164,082—1919; 
164,033—1919; 184,197—1921; 184,671 
—1921; 187,847—1921;  230,663— 
1925; 231,161—1925; 238,485—1925; 
189,942; 209,727; 248,030; 248,350; 
243,031; 276,834. 
Can. Pat. 78,060; 
196,926; 260,463. 
Fr. Pat. 184,548; 
344,501; 374,395; 
412,797; 415,945; 
433,013; 464,646; 
530,440; 408,896; 
595,155; 596,838. 
D.R.P. 80,776; 86,740; 118,052; 161,213; 
176,121; 267,992; 281,265; 287,745; 
307,075; 352,905; 302,460. 
Aust. P. 47,899; 17,684; 99,665. 
Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952; 52,115; 53,760. 
See also methylated spirits. 
Methyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,- 
095. 
Methyl acetyl tetrachlor anilid—Eng. 
Pat. 8077—1906. 
Fr. Pat. 365,297. 
D.R.P. 180,203; 180,209. 
Methyl acetyl trichlor anilid—Eng. Pat. 
8077—1906. 
Fr. Pat. 365,297. 
D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. 
Methyl aldehyde—Eng. Pat. 
1910. 
Methyl amyl ether—U.S.P. 718,670. 
Methyl amyl ketone—U.S.P. 470,451; 
1,408,035; 1,469,812. 
Methyl aniline—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Eng. Pat. 15,435—1904; 16,271—1906. 
Can. Pat. 103,036. 
Fr, Pat. 341,556; 377,671. 


196,151; 196,925; 
233,72¢ ; 
387,791; 
432,264 ; 
466,911; 
553,547 ; 


324,121; 
398,028 ; 
439,721; 
472,423 : 
580,882 ; 


14,293— 


D.RP. 314,817, 
Methyl anthranilate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 
Methyl benzoate—U S.P. 1,199,800 ; 


1,388,472; 1,469,813. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666; 276,013. 
s-Methyl benzoyl trichloroanilid—Fr. 
Pat. 363,846. 
D.R.P. 180,208. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Methyl butyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; 
595,355; 1,469,812. 
Methyl butyrate—US.P. 1,398,239; 1,- 
432,365. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Fr. Pat. 428,664. 
Methyl carbamate—U S.P. 568,106. 
Methyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. 
Methyl carbonate—U.8.P. 1,552,805. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Methyl chloracetate—U.S.P. 1,039,782. 
Methyl chloride—U.S.P. 628,463; 1,181,- 
859. 
Eng. Pat. 25,779—1896. 
Methyl chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. 
Methyl cinnimate—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
388,472. 
Methyl citrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Methyl o-cresyl ether—US8.P. 1,479,955. 
B-Methyl cyclohexanol acetate—Swiss 
Pat. 59,164. 
B-Methyl-cyclopentanol acetate—US.P. 
1,045,895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. 
D.R.P. 255,692. 
Swiss P, 59,164; 61,611. 
Methyl-cyclohexanol formate—US.P. 
1,045,895. 
Eng. Pat. 3869—1912. 
D.R.P, 251,351. 
Swiss P. 59,164. 
Methyl cyclohexanone—U'S.P. 1,166,790; 
1,395,401; 1,589,700. 
Eng. Pat. 14,042—1914; 128,215—1919; 
145,511—1920; 247,288; 263,175. 
Fr. Pat. 482,264; 459,006. 
D.R.P. 334,871. 
Aust. Pat. 64,393. 
Swiss Pat. 64,710. 
Methyl diphenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,090,641. 
Fr. Pat. 459,541; 470,042. 
Swiss Pat. 65,925. 
Methylethenytrichloramidine — D.R.P, — 
180,126. 
Methyl ether—U.S.P. 556,017. 
Eng. Pat. 2484—1878. 
Fr. Pat. 424,820. sa 
Methyl ethyl aceto acetate—US.P. 1, 
437 952. 
Methyl ethyl ether—U.S.P. 1,394,890. ; 
Methyl ethyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Methyl ethyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; © 
595,355; 999,490; 1,021,569; 1,200,886; — 
1,298,199; 1,303,563; 1,315,216; 1,320,- — 


— aA: OU me 


_ Methyl oleate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 


S| en ee ee ee ee 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 327 


458; 1,358,914; 1,408,035; 1,469,812; 
1,521,859; 1,529,056; 1,538,861. 
Eng. Pat. 124,515—1916. 
Fr. Pat. 498,949. 
Methyl ethyl lactate—Fr. Pat. 482,264. 
Methyl ethyl sulfone—US.P. 1,357,614; 
1,370,878; 1,370,879. 


Methylethylsulfonamid—U.S.P.  1,454,- 
959; 1,454,960. 
Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 
Methyl eugenol—Eng. Pat. 124,763— 
1916. 


Methyl formanilid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. 
Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Methyl formate—US.P. 561,624; 972,464; 
1,552,806. 
Eng. Pat. 3189—1911; 2465—1913; 184,- 
197—1921. 
Fr. Pat. 425,900; 
530,440. 

D.R.P. 246,657. 
Aust. P. 53,099. 
Methyl glycollate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Methyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 


439,721; 472,423; 


Methyl hippurate—Hng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894, 
Methylhydroxynaphthylketone — Eng. 


Pat. 20,723—1900. 
Methyl iodide—U.S.P. 1,467,099. 
Methyl lactate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Methyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Methyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Methyl-@-naphthyl ether—Eng. Pat. 4940 
—1914. 
Methylnaphthylketone—Eng. Pat. 20,723 
—1900. 
D.R.P. 122,166. 
Methyl nitrate—US.P. 269,340; 
027; 1,303,115. 
Methyl nitrobenzoate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 


1,217, 


1,388,- 
472. 

Methyl orthoformate—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

Methyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Methyloxynaphthyl ketone — D.RP. 
122,166. 

“ethyl palmitate—D.R.P. 192,666. 

Methyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 

Methyl phenyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. : 


_ 3 Methyl-5 phenyl-4, 6 dicarboxyl-ethyl, 


2-keto-R-hexene—D.R.P. 172,967. 


Methylphenylethyl-o-tolylurea — Eng. 
Pat. 17,501—1914. 

Methyl phenyl ketone—See acetophe- 

none. 

Methyl phenyl urea—U.SP. 

1,302,202. 

Fr. Pat. 459,541. 

Swiss Pat. 65,138; 65,925. 

Methyl phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,090,- 

644. 

Fr. Pat. 459,540. 

Methyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,434,634. 
Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 131,669—1918. 
Fr, Pat. 308,372; 463,622. 

Methyl propionate—US.P. 1,432,365; 1,- 

473,217. 

Eng. Pat. 432,264. 

Methyl propyl ketone—US.P. 470,451; 

595,355; 1,469,812. 
Methyl phenyl oxide—See Anisol. 
Methyl propyl phenol series—Eng. Pat. 
124.763—1916. 
Methyl resinate—Eng. Pat. 8283—1913. 
Methyl salicylate—U.S. Pat. 269,340; 
478,543; 543,197; 1,199,800; 1,388,472; 
1,450,715; 1,575,778. 

Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Methyl silicate—US.P. RI. 13,793. 

Fr; Pat. 325,336; 420,127. 

Eng Pat. 870—1910. 

Methyl stearate—U.S'P. 1,094,830. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 

Methyl succinate—Eng. Pat. 

1894. 
D.R.P. 68,356. 
Methyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Methyl-o-toluylene—D.R.P. 180,126. 
Methyl valerianate—US.P. 1,205,822. 
Eng. Pat. 7956—1915. 
Methyl valeryl ketone—U.S.P. 470, 451. 
Methyl valeryl valerone—U.S.P. 1,408,- 
035. 

Methylal—U S.P. 1,181,859. 

Methylated spirit—U.S.P. 1,131,929; 602,- 
797; 1,481,485. 

Eng. Pat. 2417—1860; 15,686—1893; 
6858—1896; 8063—1901; 4577—1906; 
12,976—1909; 18,607—1910; 1386,433— 
1919; 148,117—1920; 184,495—1921; 
187 ,847—1921. 

Fr. Pat. 411,126; 433,012. See also 
methyl alcohol. 

Methylated ether—Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 

15,686—1893; 870—1910; 14,293— 
1910; 203,449. 


1,090,641 ; 


15,914— 


328 


Fr. Pat. 420,127. 
Methylene—U.S.P. 234,675. 
Methylene acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
388,472. 
Methylene blue—U.S.P. 627,296; 
858; 1,608,742. 
Methylene chlorohydrin—D.R.P. 288,267. 
Methylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 
1,467,102. 
Eng. Pat. 243,030; 243,031; 243,350. 
Methylene ethylene ether—U.S.P. 996,- 
191. 
Methylene glycerine—US.P. 996,191. 
Methylene glycol diphenyl ether—Eng. 
Pat. 256,229. 
Methoxy benzyl 
181,860. 
Methoxy derivatives of 0, o’dimethylol- 
p-cresol—D.R.P. 395,704. 

Eng. Pat. 201,421. 

Methylic spirit—U.S.P. 209,570. 
Mica—U.S.P. 904,269; 1,015,156; 
a2, 

Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898; 
6600—1904 ; 
1912. 

Fr. Pat. 340,622; 381,195. 

D.R.P. 357,484; 405,025. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Mica silver—U.S.P. 139,333. 

Mineral—US.P. 88,948. 

Mineral acid—U.S.P. 1,464,949; 1,564,689. 

Mineral coloring matter—Eng. Pat. 
28.743—1908. 

Mineral matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. 

Mineral powders—US.P. 1,185,074. 

Molasses—U.8.P. 651,364. 

Monoacetin—U:S.P. 1,488,294; 1,608,743. 

Monoaceto monochlorhydrin — D.R.P. 
125,315. 

Monoacetyl butyl tartrate—U.S.P. 1,639,- 
080. 

Monoacetylethylaniline—Fr. 
804. 

Monoalcoylaniline, chlorine derivatives 
of—Fr. Pat. 363,846. 

Monoalkylsulfonamid—U.S.P. 1,508,928. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Monobrombenzol—U.S.P. 1,641,412. 

Monobromtoluol—U.S.P. 1,641,412. 

Monochloranthracene—U.S.P. 1,487,792; 
1,309,980. 

Monochlorbenzol—US.P. 1,411,708. 

Eng. Pat. 256,229. 


1,181,- 


alcohol—U.S.P._ 1,- 


aire 


14,483—1903 ; 
18,416—1907; 1378— 


Pat. 427,- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Monochlorethane—U.S.P. 1,439,293. 


Fr. Pat. 553,547. 

Monochlorhydrin—D.R.P. 406,426; 439,- 
009. 

Monochlornaphthalene— U.S.P.  1,309,- 
981; 1,418,413; 1,429,169; 1,434,432; 
1,434,465; 1,487,792; 1,441,181; 1,444, 
406; 1,460,690; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 
1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 
095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 
1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 
102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 
1,460,097; 1,469,826; 1,473,217 1,473, 
218: 1,473,219; 1,494,469; 1,494,470; 
1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 1,494, 
474: 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,366; 
1,518,417; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,- 
793; 1,552,794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 
1,552,797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,- 
800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 
1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,- 
808; 1,580,189; 1,583,709. 

D.R.P. 128,956. 

a Monochlor naphthalene—US.P. 1,342,- 
601; 1,394,505. 

Monochloro-tricresyl phosphate—US.P. 
733,110. 

Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. 

Monocresyl diphenyl phosphate—U S.P. 
1,462,306. 

Monocyclic ketone—U.S.P. 1,166,790. 
Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912; 21,368—1912. 
D.R.P. 263,404. 

Aust. P. 64,398. 

Swiss P. 64,710. 

Mono ethyl acetyl trichlor anilide—Eng. 

Pat. 8077—1906. 

Fr. Pat. 365,297. 

D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. 
Mononitrodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 
Mordant pigments—Eng. Pat. 127,027— 

1917. 

Mother-of-pearl, artificial—Eng. 
17,953—1912; 6893—1914. 
Moving picture films, varnish for—Eng. 

Pat, 212,225—1923. 

Mustard oils—D.R.P. 312,392. 

Myristic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or 
amyl ester of halogenized—U.S.P. 
962,877. 

Myristic acid, methyl and ethyl ester of 
—USP. 1,412 770. 


Pat; 


Naphtha—U.S.P. 158,188; 284,970; 286,- 
212; 294,557; 381,354; 471,422; 


a 


a a il a a ia 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 329 


946,294; 1,217,027; 1,431,455; 1,437,- 
170; 1,529,056; 1,562,383; 1,562,385; 
1,562,387; 1,644,417; 1,644,420. 

Eng. Pat. 1866—1879; 10,393—1889; 
3045—1891; 6542—1892; 6543—1892; 
13,560—1898; 7087—1914; 12,895— 
1914; 238,485—1925. 

Can. Pat. 260,463. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548; 596,838. 

RAP? 277,605; 

Aust. P. 17,684. 

Naphtha, coal—U.S.P. 381,354; 471,422; 
1,583,703. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548. 

Aust. P. 17,684. 

Naphtha, gas—U.S.P. 972,953. 

Can. Pat. 132,232. 

Fr. Pat. 421,058. 

Naphtha, solvent—Eng. Pat. 158,586— 
1919. 

US.P. 1,594,521; 1,618,484. 

D.R.P. 336,476. 

Naphtha, hot solvent—Eng. Pat. 161,564 
—1921; 182,820—1921. 

Naphtha, vegetable—Eng. Pat. 2359— 
1855. 

Naphthalene—U.S.P. 548,197; 738,533; 
1,217,027; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244, 
347; 1,244,348: 1,244,349: 1,342,601; 
1,343,135; 1,351,652; 1,354,401; 1,354,- 
725; 1,364,342; 1,397,103; 1,402,969; 
1,439,293; 1,496,198; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 20,234—1893; 11,927—1898; 
13,287—1899; 147,904—1920; 190,694 
—1922. 

Hi Pht se,Dlas 503,047, 

D.RP. 117,542; 336,476. 

Naphthalene, brominated—U.S.P. 1,641,- 
411. 

Naphthalene chlorides—US.P. 583,516; 
1,281,080. 

Naphthalene, chlorinated—U.S.P. 1,342,- 
602; 1,608,742; 1,608,743; 1,639,080; 
1,645,141. 

Eng. Pat. 209,727; 244,543; 275,747. 

Fr. Pat. 483,316. 

Naphthalene, mono-nitro—U.S.P. 1,306,- 
440; 1,310,489. 

Fr. Pat. 300,676. 

D.R.P. 93,228. 

Naphthalene, nitro derivatives of—Fr. 
Pat. 483,316. 

Naphthalene oxidation products—Eng. 
Pat. 15,914—1894. 


Naphthenic acid—D.R.P. 351,103. 
US.P. 1,594,525. 

Naphthenic acid esters—Fr. Pat. 581,177. 
D-R.P.' 327,876; 334,983. 
Swiss P. 95,376. 

Naphthoic acid—US8.P. 612,067. 

Naphthoic acid, glyceryl esters of—Fr. 

Pat. 461,544. 
a Naphthol—U S.P. 410,207; 612,067. 


B-Naphthol—US.P. 410,207; 615,319: 
622,727; 1,173,337; 
Eng. Pat. 21,426—1911; 6798—1911; 


12,839—1915; 12,840—1915. 

Fr. Pat. 429,788. 

8 Naphthol amyl ether—Eng. Pat. 115,- 
855—1917. 

D.R.P. 307,125; 322,648. 
Naphtholbenzoate—US8.P. 572,134. 
Naphthol esters—Eng. Pat. 27,201— 

1908; 8646—1910; 8647—1910; 115,- 
855—1917. 

D.R.P. 322,648. 

Aust. P. 47,244; 47,679; 53,109. 


Naphthol ethers—Eng. Pat. 115,855— 
1917. 
D.R.P. 322,648. 


Fr. Pat. 413,658. 
a Naphthol ethyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 
859. 
B Naphthol ethyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 
859. 
a Naphthol, methyl ethers—US.P. 1,181,- 
859. 
8 Naphthol methyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,181,- 
859. 
Naphthol phosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608— 
1910. 
Naphthol, phosphoric esters 
Pat. 23,445—1902. 
Fr. Pat. 309,962; 325,585. 
Naphthol, sulphethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,- 
658. 
Naphthol, thioesters of—Aust. 
47,244; 47,679; 53,109. 
Naphthol thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608 
—1910. 
Naphthoxyacetic acid—D.R.P. 119,636. 
Naphthyl acetate—US.P. 1,420,028. 
Eng. Pat. 11,751—1900. 
D.R.P. 118,052. 
Aust. P. 6545. 
a Naphthyl acetyl 
* 1,408,095. 
6B Naphthyl acetyl 
1,408,095. 


of—Eng. 


Pat. 


salicylate—U.S.P. 


salicylate—U.S.P. 


330 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Naphthylamine, diacetyl derivatives of— 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Naphthylamine, diformyl derivatives of 
—Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
8B Naphthyl benzoate—D.R.P. 276,013. 
8 Naphthyl ester—Eng. Pat, 6798—1911. 
Naphthyl phosphoric ester—Eng. Pat. 
23,445—1902. 
Navalite—U.S.P. 1,647,435. 
Negrocin, soluble—U.S.P. 1,316,783. 
Nickel alkyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 
Nickel butyl phthalate—U.S.P. 1,591,652. 
Nickel metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Nickel phosphate—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Nigrosin—U.S.P. 1,345,354. 
Eng. Pat. 256,229. 
Nitrated paper—Eng. Pat. 9982—1908. 
Nitric acid—Eng. Pat. 1125—1856. 
US.P. 1,588,089; 1,598,949. 
Nitro-acetyl cellulose—Fr. Pat. 463,622. 
Nitro-acetyl cellulose, solvent for— 
US.P. 1,173,931. 
Eng. Pat. 21,015—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 461,058. 
Nitro-anisol—D.R.P. 195,313. 
Nitrobenzene—U.S.P. 471,422; 610,861; 
1,199,800; 1,217,027; 1,303,115; 1,310,- 
489; 1,316,311; 1,388,472; 1,563,205. 
Eng. Pat. 1313—1865; 5791—1887; 
15,914—1894; 20,092—1899; 
1906 ;- 15,536—1907 ; 870—1910; 14,586 
—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 184,548; 415,945; 483,316; 
420,127. 
D.R.P. 195,813; 352,905. 
Jap, Pat. 32,242, 
Aust. P. 17,684. 
Nitrocarbons—Fr. Pat. 376,399. 
Nitrocellulose—U.S.P. 304,229; 315,357; 
340,026; 352,726; 384,005; 417,202; 
578,714; 587,097; 597,144; 602,797; 
690,211; 697,790; 700,884; 733,110; 
881,827; 888,516; 928,235; 942,395; 
952,724; 952,724; 961,360; 982,370; 
999,490; 1,003,438; 1,021,569; 1,025,- 
217; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 1,045,895; 
1,084,702; 1,131,929; 1,135,026; 1,158,- 
961; 1,161,063; 1,166,790; 1,188,356; 
1,196,144; 1,200,886; 1,217,027; 1,295,- 
533; 1,301,187; 1,302,202; 1,309,981; 
1,310,489; 1,316,311; 1,321,611; 1,323,- 
624; 1,324,154; 1,338,691; 1,341,710; 
1,342,602; 1,343,135; 1,350,274; 1,351,- 
652; 1,354,401; 1,354,725; 1,354,726; 


Eng. Pat. 


3450— 


1,356,440; 1,357,876; 1,365,882; 1,370,- 
853; 1,370,878; 1,379,596; 1,380,258; 
1,388,825; 1,398,939; 1,400,430; 1,410,- 
790; 1,412,770; 1,415,059; 1,429,153; 
1,429,174; 1,430,020; 1,431,900; 1,437,- 
170; 1,437,828; 1,437,952; 1,444,333; 
1,454,961; 1,468,820; 1,480,016; 1,485,- 
071; 1,496,198; 1,521,859; 1,518,396; 
1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 
860; 1,552,795; 1,553,494; 1,553,495; 
1,554,505; 1,556,512; 1,562,383; 1,562,- 
385: 1,562,386; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 
1,564,664; 1,580,189; 1,582,705; 1,583,- 
703; 1,588,089; 1,590,156; 1,594,521; 
1,594,525; 1,612,669; 1,617,237; 1,618,- 
481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 


1,620,977 ; 1,623,035; 1,626,113; 1,629.- 


999; 1,633,067; 1,633,683; 1,643,437; 
1,645,141; 1,651,578; 1,652,353; 1,653,- 
008; 1,653,009; 1,653,010. 

1866—1879; 6051—1884; 
15,121—1884; 491—1885; 4668—1885; 
8442—1886; 6870—1887; 16,330— 
1887; 487—1888; 9315—1890; 8823— 
1891; 21,485—1892; 15,686—1893; 
20,234—1893; 22,384—1893; 13,139— 
1894; 22,019—1894; 12,693—1896; 
22,540—1896; 7975—1897; 17,602— 
1897; 28,618—1897; 17,948—1900; 
8063—1901; 10,2183—1901; 23,445— 
1902;  24,955—1902; 4863—1903; 
14,483—1903; 23,752—1903; 24,289— 
1903; 18,742—1904; 11,512—1905; 
12,277—1905; 26,201—1905; 3450— 
1906; 4577—1906; 592—1907; 11,397 
—1907; 24,214—1907; 4390—1908; 
9313—1908; 19,735—1908; 1799— 
1909;  4154—1909;  11,625—1909; 
26,657—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 
870-—1910; 1799—1910; 519—1910; 
10,320—1910; 13,692—1910; 14,586— 


1910; 18,607—1910; 22,311—1910; 
2145—1911; 10,708—1911; 11,728— 
1911; 15,945—1911; 27,969—1911; 


10,222—1912; 17,953—1912; 18,822— 


1912; 226221912: 226231912; 
23,544—1912; 82831913; 8ss80— 
1913; 17,953—1913; 
23,957—1913;  4668—1914: 4940— 
1914; 9270—1914; 12,840—1915; 102,- 


114—1916; 104,742—1916; 106,336— 


1916; 106,375—1916; 112,483—1917; 
122,679—1918; 133,972—1918; 135,180 
—1918; 123628—1918; 
1918; 130,962—1918; 131,273—1918; 


ee es ee 


18,499—1913; _ 


123,752— 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 331 


131,384—1918; 131,389—1918; 132,996 
—1918; 133,180—1918; 136,141—1918; 
133,972—1919; 144,012—1919: 154, 
157—1919; 156,095—1919; 145,546— 
1920; 155,778—1920; 156,096—1920: 
165,439—1921; 192,107—1921; 177,536 
—1922; 1824881922: 189416— 
1922; 190,694—1922: 202,835—1922; 
205,446—1923; 209,633—1923: 212, 
2251923; 236,190—1925; 201,421; 
206,520; 226,142; 243,614; 245,469; 
247,174; 250,804; 254,041; 256,214: 
258,698; 261,589; 262,440; 263,175; 


263,184 ; 


264,045 ; 


275,747, 


Can. Pat. 21,473; 61,157; 150,646; 196,- 


150; 


196,151 ; 


201,913; 


230,046; 259,662; 260,927; 


268,571. 


229,857 ; 
262,784 ; 


Fr. Pat. 354,942; 349,970; 319,542; 324,- 


121; 
328,054 ; 
340,622 ; 
801,055 ; 
363,846 ; 
379,589 ; 
388,097 ; 
398,028 ; 
410,973; 
416,843 ; 
429,879; 
448,808; 
465,345 ; 
495,021; 
581,177; 
587,486 ; 


320,452 ; 


328,658 ; 
344,501 ; 
351,844 ; 
364,690 ; 
387,179; 
392,505 ; 
398,084 ; 
409,196; 
421,854; 
433,012 ; 
449 606 ; 
469,925 ; 
420,127 ; 
581,190; 
600,178 ; 


325,548 ; 
331,819; 
347,303 ; 
354,292 ; 
374,395 ; 
387,537 5 
393,310; 


581,651 ; 
601,662. 


326,576 ; 
339,081 ; 
347,446 ; 
360,912 ; 
377,010; 
387,791; 
393,968 ; 
407 862 ; 
421,010; 
429,754; 
447,645 ; 
461,034 ; 
477,294 ; 
541,648 ; 
581,653 ; 


D.R.P. 10,210; 28,972; 40,373; 56,946; 


66,055 ; 

102,962 ; 
128,119; 
140,855 ; 
169,782; 
180,208 ; 
191,454; 
211,573; 
216,307 ; 
240,751; 
238,361 ; 
281,225; 
314,317; 
343,182 ; 
Boaeoe: 


84,146 ; 

103,726 ; 
128,120: 
144,648 ; 
174,914; 
180,489 ; 
202,720; 
212,696 ; 
217,852; 
241,781 ; 
248,559; 
292,951 ; 
314,318; 
350,973: 
253,234; 


85,235 ; 
115,681 ; 
130,977 ; 
162,239 ; 
175,664 ; 
185,808 ; 
207 869 ; 
212,695; 
221,081; 
241,820; 
273,498 ; 
307,125; 
324,786 ; 
351,103 ; 
367,294. 


93,228 ; 
122,166; 
138,783 ; 
163,668 ; 
177,778; 
189,703; 
211,520; 
214,398 ; 
22271; 
242,467 ; 
280,376 ; 
308,615 ; 
343,162; 
352,905 ; 


Aust. P. 6545; 9557; 27,202; 28,298; 


34,908 ; 


42,440: 


45,239 ; 


64,393; 69,916; 72,493. 


56,488 ; 


Swiss P. 47,559; 59,164; 63,136; 64,710; 
65,138; 65,139; 65,459; 65,925; 66,509. 

Jap. Pat. 32,242. 

Dutch P. 103. 

Nitrocellulose compounds, dyed—US.P. 
1,399,357. 

Nitrocellulose, gelatinization of—US.P. 
831,488; 946,294; 974,900; 1,188,797; 
1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,302,202; 1,306,- 
440; 1,310,489; 1,838691; 1,348,741; 
1,468 222. 

Eng. Pat. 21,493—1906; 4940—1914; 
131,389—1918; 154,157—1919; 156,095 
—1919; 155,778—1920; 192,107—1921, 

Can. Pat. 229,857. 


Fr. Pat. 300,676; 428,664; 470,041; 

470,042; 472,423: 581,177. : 
D.RP. 93,228; 219918; 314,317; 
352,905. 


Aust. P. 72,493. 
Swiss P. 63,136; 95,376. 
Nitrocellulose, inorganic or organic acid 
esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. 
Nitrocellulose, low viscosity—U.S.P. 
1,629,999; 1,652,587; 1,653,010; US. 
R.I. 16,803. 
Nitrocellulose—oil varnishes—Eng. Pat. 
263,175; 263,184; 266,363. 
Nitrocellulose powders—D.R.P. 302,460. 
Nitrocellulose solvent—U.S.P. 1,618,482; 
1,618,483; 1,620,977; 1,644,420; 1,653,- 
008; 1,653,009; 1,653,010. 
Eng. Pat. 246,272; 247,174; 247,611; 
259,293; 277,626. 
Fr. Pat. 581,653; 595,155; 601,662. 
Can. Pat. 259,662. 
Aust. Pat. 99,665. 
Nitrocotton—Eng. Pat. 15,696—1903. 
Nitro compounds, aromatic—US.P. 1,- 
015,155; 1,015,156. 
Aust. P. 47,899. 
Swiss P. 51,952. 


Nitrocymol—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 
20,234—1893. 

Nitrocumol—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 
20,234—1893. 


Nitroglycerine—Eng. Pat. 24,955—1902 ; 
140—1915; 131,389—1918. 

Fr. Pat. 325,548. 
Nitroglucose—U.S.P. 79,261. 
Nitrohydrocarbon—Eng. Pat. 

1907. 
- D.R-P. 206,471. 
Nitro-linolein—Can. Pat. 61,157. 
Nitromethane—D.R.P. 201,907. 


5891— 


332 


US.P. 1,599,569. 

p-Nitro-methyl-acetanilid—US.P. 1,338,- 
691. 

Fr. Pat. 470,041. 
Nitrophenitol—D.R.P. 195,313. 
Nitrophenols—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,563,205. 
Nitrophenols and their ethers—Eng. Pat. 

15,914—1894. 
Nitro-ricinolein—Can. Pat. 61,157. 
Nitrostarch—Eng. Pat. 3450—1906. 
Nitro-sulfuric acid—Eng. Pat. 

1883. 
o-Nitro-toluol—U.S.P. 1,608,743. 
p-Nitro toluene—US.P. 552,209. 

Fr. Pat. 429,879. 

D.R.P. 195,313. 

. Nitro toluene, mono, di, or tri—US.P. 

1,310,489. 

Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894; 15,945—1911; 

15,536—1907. 

Nitro xylene—US8.P. 1,310,489. 
Eng. Pat. 20,234—1898; 15,914—1894. 


466— 


Oil, almond—U.S.P. 1,608,743. 
“Oil amber”—Eng. Pat. 112,483—1917. 
Oil, animal—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 149,- 
319—1919. 
Oil, anthracene—D.R.P. 319,723. 
Oil, blown—U.S.P. 491,880; 1,590,156; 
1,629,999; U.S.R.I. 16,803. 
Eng. Pat. 3469—1893. 
Oil, blown cottonseed—US.P. 491,880; 
1,412,770. 
Can. Pat. 230,046. 
Oil, blown olive—U.S.P. 491,880. 
Oil, blown rape seed—U.S.P. 1,320,458; 
1,412,770; 1,529,056. 
Oil, boiled lnseed—Eng. Pat. 127,678— 
1917. 
Oil, carnation—D.R.P. 12,778. 
Oil, China wood—US.P. 
1,618,483. 
Oil, chinese wood—U.S.P. 1,140,174; 1,- 
217,027; 1,217,128: 3,295,533, 
Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Oil, cod-liver—U.S8.P. 91,377; 97,454. 
Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869. 
Oil, colza—Fr. Pat. 344,048. 
Oil, condensation products with Chinese 
wood—Eng. Pat. 636—1910. 
Oil, corn—US.P. 587,097; 1,021,569. 
Eng. Pat. 17,602—1897. 


1,583,708 ; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Oil, cottonseed—USP. 329,313; 1,021,- 
569. 
Eng. Pat. 1695—1867. 
Oil, creosote—D.R.P. 324,944. 
Oil, decreosoted hardwood tar—U.S.P. 
604,181. 
Oil, drying—U.S.P. 1,205,822. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 7956—1915; 127,- 
678—1917; 130,896—1919; 263,175; 
263,184. 

Oil, ethyl ester of cocoanut—U.S.P. 1,- 
412,770. 
Oil, fatty acids of cocoanut—US.P. 1,- 
357,335. 
Eng. Pat. 146,212—1920. 
Oil, fish—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 

Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. 

Oil, heavy coal—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. 

USP: 913i 

Oil, lacquer—U'S8.P. 1,647,435. 

Eng. Pat. 263,175; 263,184. 

Oil, lard—U.S.P. 91,877; 97,454. 

Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 3102—1869. 

Oil, methyl ester of cocoanut—U.S.P. 
1,412,770, 

Oil, mineral—Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 11,- 

340 —1909. 

Oil, neats-foot—U.S.P. 158,188. 

Oil, nitrated—U.S.P. 1,025,217. 

Oil, nitrated castor—Eng. Pat. 12,840— 
1915. 

Oil, nitro derivatives of—D.R.P. 96,365. 

Oil, non-drying vegetable—Eng. Pat. 
144,012—1919. 

Oil, nut—Eng. Pat. 21483—1864. 

Oil, olive—U.S.P. 136,953; 
1,217,027; 1,608,743. 

Oil, oxidized castor—U.S.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, oxidized corn—U'S.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, oxidized cotton seed—U.S.P. 1,152,- 
625. 

Oil, oxidized linseed—U.S8.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, oxidized olive—U.S.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, oxidized pine—US.P. 1,653,008; 
1,653,009; 1,653,010. 

Oil, oxidized sperm—U.S.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, oxidized vegetable—U.S.P. 1,152,625. 

Oil, palm—US.P. 1,316,311. 

Oil, paraffin—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 

Eng. Pat. 1799—1909. 

Oil, peanut—U.S.P. 1,608,743. 

Oil, petroleum—U'S.P. 1,608,742. 

Oil, polymerized—U'S.P. 1,402,969. 

Oil, polymerized tung—U.S.P. 1,402,969. 


1,124,012; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 333 


Oil, rape—U.S.P. 803,952; 1,590,156; 
1,608,743. 
Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896; 9277—1904; 


102,114—1916; 106,336—1916. 
Oil, sanitas—U.S.P. 578,714. 
Oil, soy bean—U.8.P. 1,021,569; 1,618,483. 
Oil, sulfonated castor—U.S.P. 478,955. 
Eng. Pat. 127,027—1917. 
See also Turkey red oil. 
Oil, sulphonated cod-liver—U.S.P. 478,- 
955. 
Oil, sulphonated corn—U.S.P. 1,608,743. 
Oil, sulphonated palm—U.S.P. 478,955. 
Oil, sulfonated rape—US.P. 478,955. 
Oil, sulphonated sesame—U.S8.P. 478,955. 
Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 
Oil, tar—U.S.P. 97,454. 
Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. 
Oil, tung—USP. 1,021,569; 1,316,311. 
Eng. Pat. 17,155—1912. 
Oil, vegetable—U.S.P. 928,235; 1,562,383 ; 
1,582,705. 
Eng. Pat. 2849—1858; 3984—1868; 
1715—1908; 11,840—1909; 102,114— 
1916: 106,336—1916; 149,319—1919; 
180,705—1920. 
Oil, vulcanized—US.P. 841,509; 1,025,- 
217, 
Oil, waste seed—Eng. Pat. 11,340—1909. 
Oil, woods—U.S.P. 981,178. 
Oil, wood tar—U.S.P. 1,558,446. 
Oil compounds—Fr. Pat. 429,879. 
Oil of anise—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,345; 
1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Oil of aniseed—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 
Oil of aspic—U.S.P. 894,108. 
Fr. Pat. 347,303. 
Oil of Bay—US.P. 503,402. 
Oil of birch—Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. 
Oil of birch tar—U.S.P. 269,340. 
Oil of cajeput—U.S.P. 503,401. 
Oil of caraway chaff—U.S.P. 503,401. 
Oil of caraway seed—US.P. 269,341; 
269,344; 507,749. 
Oil of carvene—U'S.P. 1,388,472. 
Oil of cassia—U.S.P. 262,077; 478,543; 
502,921; 543,197; 1,496,198. 
Oil of cedar—US.P. 434,330; 471,422; 
690,915: 1,388,472. 
Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. 
Fr. Pat. 184,548. 
Aust. P. 17,684. 
Oil of cedar leaf—U.S.P. 502,547; 1,199,- 
800; 1,388,472. 


Oil of cedar wood—US.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
310,841. 
King. Pat. 12,684—1890. 
Oil of chamomile—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 
344; 269,345. 
Oil of cherry—U.S.P. 269,340. 

Oil of cinnamon—U.S.P. 269,340; 269,- 
344; 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Oil of citronella—U.S.P. 503,402; 1,199,- 

800; 1,388,472. 
Oil of clove buds—U.S.P. 503,402; 1,199,- 
800. 
of cloves—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 
329,313; 1,388,472. 
of cottonseed, 
478,955. 
Oil of cubebs—U.S.P. 503,402. 
Oil of cumin—US.P. 269,345. 
Oil of cynae ether—U.S.P. 269,345. 
Oil of dill—U.8S.P. 269,344; 269,345. 
Oil of elecampane—U.S.P. 269,345. 
Oil of erigeron—US.P. 269,345. 
Oil of eucalyptus—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,- 
800; 1,388,472. | 
Oil of fennel chaff—U.S.P. 269,345. 
Oil of fennel seed—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 
344; 269,345; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Oil of ginger—U.S.P. 503,402. ~ 
Oil of golden rod—US.P. 269,345. 
Oil of hedeoma—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 
Oil of hemlock—U.S8.P. 503,401. 
Oil of hyssop—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344. 
Oil of juniper berries—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 
Oil of laurel—U.S.P. 269,340; 269,345. 
Oil of lavender—U.S.P. 329,313. 
Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898; 11,397—1907. 
Fr. Pat. 363,592; 368,004. 
D.R.P. 12,778. 
Oil of lemongrass—U.S.P. 502,546. 
Oil of mace—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,888,472. 
Oil of marjoram—U.S.P. 269,345. 
Oil of melissa—U.S.P. 269,340. 
DR Pad2 078: 
Oil of mirbane—US.P. 518,388; 1,021,- 
569. 
Oil of myrtle—U.S.P. 269,345. 
Oil of nutmeg—US8.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 
Oil of palmarosa—U.S.P. 269,343; 269,- 
345. 
Oil of peppermint—U.S.P. 269,345; 504,- 
905; 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 


Oil 


Oi 


— 


sulfonated—U.S.P. 


334 


Oil of pennyroyal—US.P. 269,340; 1,- 
199,800; 1,310,841; 1,388,472. 

Oil of pine needles—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 

D.R.P. 314,317. 

Oil of rosewood—Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. 

Oil of rosemary—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,- 
800; 1,388,472. 


D.R.P. 17,089. 
Oil of rue—U.S.P. 269,345; 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 
Oil of sage—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 


1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Oil of sandal-wood—US.P. 503,402. 


Oil of sassafras—U.S.P. 269,344; 269,- 
345; 478,543; 504,905; 1,199,800; 
1,388,472. 


Oil of savin—U.S.P. 503,401. 

Oil of spike—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 

Oil of spruce—U.8.P. 503,401; 1,199,800; 

1,388,472. 

of Tansy—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,344; 

504,905. 

Oil of thyme—U.S.P. 1,388,472. 

Oil of red thyme—U.S.P. 504,905; 1,199,- 
800. 

Oil of valerian—U.S.P. 269,345. 

Oil of wine—U'S.P. 269,345. 

Oil of wintergreen—U.S.P. 269,341; 269,- 
344; 478,543. 

Oil of worm seed—US.P. 269,343; 269,- 
344; 269,345; 503,401. 
Oils—U.S.P. 88,948; 91,378; 
297,098; 304,229; 329,313; 
381,354; 612,066; 612,067; 
615,319; 622,727; 631,295; 651,364; 
661,263; 695,127; 783,828; 884,475; 
909,288; 1,011,181; 1,118,498; 1,131,- 
929: 1,135,026; 1,140,174; 1,141,224; 
1,217,123; 1,263,186; 1,310,841; 1,316, 
311; 1,321,633; 1,821,684; 1,323:624; 
1,341,710; 1,356,440; 1,382,077; 1,400,- 
430; 1,563,204; 1,563,205; 1,592,338; 

1,592,340; 1,626,113. 

Eng. Pat. 689—1858; 2249—1860; 2143 
—1864; 3651—1868; 2484—1878; 959 
—1879; 1865—1879; 17,747—1894; 
12,693—1896; 27,534—1897; 22,662— 
1901; 3450—1906; 4577—1906; 22,528 
—1907; 27,201—1908; 26,657—1909; 
18,607—1910; 11,728—1911; 15,945— 


Oil 


265,337 ; 
366,231 ; 
612,553 ; 


1911; 20,976—1911; 2425—1913; 
16,940—1913;  2326—1914; 3370— 
1914; 127,027—1917; 129,033—1917; 


122,679—1918; 133,972—1918; 158,586 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


—1919;  164,033—1919;  148,117— 
1920; 236,190—1925 ; 246,447; 275,747. 
Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926. 
Fr. Pat. 182,495; 339,654; 372,018; 
372,599; 421,010; 429,879; 445,638; 
459,048; 476,991; 499,703; 517,356; 
581,190. 
D.RP. 66,055; 211,520; 242,786; 279,- 
638; 304,224; 336,476. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Oils, animal and vegetable—Eng. Pat. 
171,661—1920, 
Oils, essential—U.S.P. RI. 11,997; 774,- 
713; 1,292,819. 
Eng. Pat. 6051—1884; 
12,684—1890. 
Oils, fatty acids of wood—U'S.P. 981,178. 
Oils, high boiling—D.R.P. 324,944. 
Oils, non-drying—D.R.P. 66,055. 
Oils, produced from acetylene and coal 
tar—U.S.P. 1,563,204. 
Oils, solvents for—Fr. Pat. 416,806. 
D.R.P. 391,667. 
Oils, sulphonated—U.S.P. 478,955. 
Oils, sulphuretted—Eng. Pat. 3345—1891. 
Oily residue from wood alcohol distilla- 
tion—Eng. Pat. 231,161—1925; 263,- 
175; 263,184. 
Fr. Pat. 595,155. 
Aust. Pat. 99,665. 
Oleates, metallic—US.P. 1,217,027; 1,- 
—  §63,205. 
Olefines—Eng. Pat. 173,786. 
Olefines, halogenated—Eng. Pat. 29,963 
—1912. 
Olefine oxides—Eng. Pat. 22,309—1910. 
Oleic acid—US.P. 1,021,569; 1,608,742. 
Oleic acid esters—US.P. 695,127. 
Oleic acid, methyl and ethyl esters of— 
USP. TAIZ 770. 
Oleic soap—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 
Olenthic ether—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 
Oleoacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 
Oleodiacetin—U.S.P. 598,648. 
Oleogineous matter derived fgom seed 
waste—U.S.P. 1,131,929. 
Oleo-resin—Eng. Pat. 6870—1887. 
US.P. 1,594,521. 
Oleum andropogon citrati—U.S.P. 502,- 
546. 
Opaque film, preparing—D.R.P. 161,213. 
Organic acid—D.R.P. 241,781; 276,661; 
343,182. : 
Organic bases—Eng. Pat. 243,722. 


5586—1887 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 335 


Oxalic acid—US.P. 573,132; 1,089,960. 
Eng. Pai. 6858—1896 ; 7086—1913 ; 255,- 
803. ie 
Fr. Pat. 454,379. 
D.R.P. 68,356; 276,661. 
Oxalic acid, dialkyl esters—U.S.P. 1,309,- 
980; 1,309,981. 
Oxalic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 309,963; 
535,466. 
Eng. Pat. 263,076. 
Oxalic acid, methyl ester of—U SP. 
738,533. 
Oxalic acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 6858— 
1896. 
Oxalic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. 
Oxamic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 309,963. 
Oxamid—US.P. 1,534,651. 
Oxanitic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 128,119. 
Oxyacetophenone—U.S.P. 598,649. 
p-Oxybenzophenon—U.8.P. 598,649. 
Oxybenzylic alcohol, O and P—USP. 
1317 276: 
Oxycellulose—U.S.P. 951,582; 981,178. 
Oxycellulose, inorganic or organic acid 
esters of—Fr. Pat. 409,557. 
Oxygen—US.P. 1,196,144. 
Oxyphenylbenzyl ketone—US.P. 598,649. 
See also Benzoin. 
Ozone—Fr. Pat. 407,862. 
D.R.P. 216,307. 
Ozone, treatment of pyroxylin with— 
USP. 507,749. 
Ozokerite—Eng. Pat. 8513—1889. 


Paint—U.S.P. 1,141,224; 1,410,790; 1,562,- 
385; 1,562,386. 

Painting, composition for coating card- 
board previous to—U.8.P. 690,915. 

“Palatinol”—Eng. Pat. 277,626. 

Palm butter—U.8.P. 1,607,090. 

Palmitic acid, methyl and ethyl esters 
of—U.8.P. 1,412,770. 

-Palmitic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl or 
amyl ester of halogenized—U.S.P. 
962,877. 

Palmitine—U.S.P. 410,209. 

Paper—Eng. Pat. 466—1883; 2568—1896 ; 
4959—1910; 18,076—1910; 18,607— 
1910; 1378—1912; 28,210—1912; 131,- 
911—1919. 

Paper, coating—Eng. Pat. 8,076—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 379,979; 412,797; 413,901. 
D.R.P. 175,664; 277,490; 308,615. 

Paper, coating nitrated—Fr. Pat. 387,537. 


Paper fabrics, impregnating—D.R.P. 
307,771. 
Paper-flock—U.5.P. 89,582. 
Paper, irised mother of pearl—Fr. Pat. 
431,711. 
Paper, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 785—1885 ; 
24,955—1902; 202,885—1922. 
Fr, Pat. 377,039. 
Paper pulp—Fr. Pat. 463,156. 
Paper tiles, glazing—Eng. Pat. 8880— 
1913. 
Paper, treatment of—U.S.P. 
251,410; 1,141,224. 
Eng. Pat. 1695—1867 ; 383—1883; 6051— 
1884. 
Para-gum—U.8.P. 1,153,574. 
Paraffin—U.S.P. 35,687; 91,377; 91,378; 
97,454; 158,188; 417,284; 904,269; 
1,217,027; 1,866,256; 1,563,205; 1,592,- 
338; 1,592,340. 
Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 3984—1868 ; 3370 
—1914; 128,974—1917. 7 

Fr. Pat. 381,195. 

Pariffin dicarboxylic acids, esters of— 
US.P. 1,600,700. 

Paraformaldehyde—U.S.P. 952,724; 1,- 
105,619. 

Paraldehyde—U.SP. 996,191. 

Eng. Pat. 22,540—1896. 

D.R.P. 195,312; 343,162; 364,347. 
Parchment, vegetable, manufacture of— 

U.S.P. 170,360. 

Eng. Pat. 33—1883. 

Parchmentizing coatings—D.R.P. 240,- 
563. 
Paris blue—US.P. 1,426,521. 

Eng. Pat. 158,521—1918. 
Parkesine—Eng. Pat. 1695—1867. 
“Pastol”—Eng. Pat. 277,626. 

Pearl, films resembling mother of—Eng. 
Pat. 13,139—1894. 
Pencils, coating for—U.S.P. 463,039. 
Pentachlorethane—U.S.P. 1,041,112; 1,- 
095,999; 1,105,619; 1,199,800; 1,244,- 
107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 
1,244,349; 1,388,472; 1,484,427; 1,563,- 
205. 
Eng. Pat. 14,364—1910; 29,273—1910; 
20,976—1911. 
Fr. Pat. 408,396; 417,250; 482,047; 483,- 
316. 

Aust. P. 46,991. 

Swiss P. 52,438; 63,584; 66,509. 
Pentaerythritol tetracetate—US.P. 1,- 

548932; 1,548,933; 1,552,795. 


170,360; 


336 


Pentane, chlorinated derivatives of— 
USP. 1,148,258. 

Perchlorethylene—US.P. 
450,714. 

Eng. Pat. 4744—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 440,143; 440,133. 

D.R.P. 266,781. 

Aust. P. 59,580. 
Persimmon juice—Jap. Pat. 37,972. 
Petrolatum—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 
Petroleum—U.S.P. 35,687; 1,175,791. 

Eng. Pat, 22,309—1910. 
Petroleum products—U.S.P. 

1,079,773; 1,865,049. 
Petroleum spirits—U.S.P. 1,529,056. 

Eng. Pat. 23,544—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 471,104. 

Phenols—U.S.P. 1,005,454. 

Eng Pat. 12,278—1905. 

Fr. Pat. 441,146; 573,701. 

Aust. P. 50,656. 

Phenol-acetone condensation product— 
USP. 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,188,356. 

Phenol-aldehyde condensation procucs 
—US.P. 1,563,205. 

Fr. Pat. 504,847; 508,975; 495,021. 

Phenols, boron derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
432,264. 

Phenols, brom-nucleo-substitution prod- 
ucts—U.S.P. 1,631,468. 

Phenol bromides—U.S.P. 583,516. 

Phenol carbonate—Eng. Pat. 17,948— 
1900. 

Phenol-casein film, increasing pliability 
of—Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905. 

Fr. Pat. 354,942, 

Phenol chlorides—U.S.P. 583,516. 
Phenol citrate—Eng. P. 17,948—1900. 


1,079,773; 1,- 


262,077 ; 


Phenol condensation products—Eng. 
Pat. 18,499—1913. 

Phenol derivatives—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 
1,015,156. 


Fr. Pat. 432,264; 452,432; 573,701. 

D.RP. 142,971; 174,914. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Phenol esters—U.S.P. 1,217,123. 

Eng. Pat. 27,201—1908; 8646—1910; 
8647—1910; 28,210—1912; 115,855— 
1917. 

Can. Pat. 150,646; 249,773. 

Fr. Pat. 402,083. 

D.R.P. 189,703 ; 322,648. 

Aust. P. 47,244; 47,679; 53,109. 

Swiss P. 51,644. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Dutch P. 103. 
Phenol esters of carbonic acid—D.R.P. 
139,589. ; 
Phenol esters of phosphoric acid, halo- 
genated—D.R.P. 142,832. 
Phenol ethers—Eng. Pat. 115,855—1917. 
Fr. Pat. 413,658; 414,680. 
D.R.P. 322,648. 
Aust. P. 53,109. 
Swiss P. 63,585. 
Phenol ethers, organic esters of—Eng. 
Pat. 8945—1909. 
Phenol formate—Eng. Pat. 17,948—1900. 
Phenol, hydrogenized—D.R.P. 334,761. 
Phenol-ketone condensation product— 
Can. Pat. 147,578; 147,579. 
Phenols, mono and poly—Fr. Pat. 440,- 
143. 
D.R.P. 265,852; 266,781. 
Aust. P. 59,580. 
Phenoloxyacetic acid, nitrogen alkylated 
arylide of—D.R.P. 395,703. 
Phenol phosphates—Eng. Pat. 6608— 
1910 


Phenol, phosphoric esters of—Eng. Pat. 
-23,445—1902; 12,804—1913; 149,319— 
1919; 171,661—1920. 
Fr. Pat. 309,962; 325,585; 
414,679. 
D.R.P. 128,120. 
Aust. P. 13,838. 


413,657; 


Phenol-sulfamid condensation product 


—Fr. Pat. 587,133. 

Phenols, esters of poly—Fr. Pat. 402,083. 

Phenols, poly-hedric—Eng. Pat. 4744— 
1911. 

Fr. Pat. 440,133. 

Phenol propionate—Eng. Pat. 17,948— 
1900. 

Phenol resin—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 

Phenol salicylate—U.S.P. 1,067,785; 1,- 
245,476; 1,386,576. 

D.R.P. 192,666. 

Phenols, silicon derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
432 264. 

Phenol, sulpho ethers of—Fr. Pat. 413,- 
658; 414,680. 

Phenol tartrate—Eng. Pat. 17,948—1900. 

Phenol, thioesters of—Aust. P. 47,244; 
47 679; 53,109. 

Phenol thiophosphate—Eng. Pat. 6608— 
1910. 

Phenoxyacetarylides—D.R.P. 438,849. 

Phenyl acetamid—U.S.P. 510617; 517,- 
987; 553,270; 568,106. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 337 


See also Acetanilid. 
Phenyl acetanilid—U.S.P. 1,090,642; 1,- 
280,279. 
Fr. Pat. 459,542; 
Swiss P. 65,139. 
Phenyl acetate—U.S.P. 797,373. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
Phenyl-acet-alpha naphthalid—U.SP. 1,- 
090,642; 1,280,279. 
Fr. Pat. 459,542. 
Swiss P. 65,139. 
Phenyl acetyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,408,- 
095. 


470,042. 


Phenyl benzoate—U.S.P. 1,161,063; 1,- 
494,476, 

Phenyl-benzyl-ether—U.S.P. 1,090,648; 
1,338,691. 


Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 
Fr. Pat. 459,539; 470,041. 
Swiss P. 65,459. 
Phenyl benzyl ketone—U S.P. 598,649. 
Phenyl benzyl methane—Eng. Pat. 131,- 
389—1918. 
Phenyldiethyl phosphate—Fr. Pat. 606,- 
969. 
Phenyldimethyl 
606,969. 
Phenyl ester of diethyl carbimic acid— 
US.P. 1,280,278. 
Phenyl ester of diphenyl-carbamic acid 
—U.S.P. 1,090,644. 
Fr. Pat. 459,540. 
Swiss P. 65,138. 
Phenyl ester of ethyl phenyl carbamic 
acid—U.S.P. 1,280,278. 
Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Phenyl ester of phenyl carbamic acid— 
USP. 1,090,644. 
Fr. Pat. 459,540. 
Swiss P. 65,138. 
Phenyl ethers—U.S.P. 1,388,472; 
205. 
Phenyl ethyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 
1,388,472; 1,460,690. 
Phenyl formanilid—Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Phenylglycide—Eng. Pat. 13,239—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 443,031. 
Phenylglycide ether—U.S.P. 1,089,910. 
Phenylglycine, butyl ester of—U.S.P. 
1,626,916. 
Phenylglycine, 
1,626,916. 
Phenylglycine, 
1,626,916. 
Phenyl methyl 


phosphate— Fr. Pat. 


1,563,- 


methyl ester of—US.P. 
phenyl ester of—U.S.P. 


ether—U.S.P. 1,479,955. 


Phenyl-@-naphthalid—U.S.P. 1,280,279. 
Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Phenyl naphthalene—D.R.P. 140,480. 
Phenoxyacetic acid, alkylaminoarylides 
ofi—D.R.P. 395,703. 
Phenyl naphthyl amine—U.S.P. 1,460,097. : 


Phenyl phosphoric ester—Eng. Pat. 
23,445—1902; 23,445—1902; 3370— 
1914. 


Phenyl phthalate—US.P. 1,398,939; 1,- 
405,491. 

Phenyl propyl alcohol—US.P. 1,444,331. 

Phenyl salicylate—U.S.P. 1,193,178; 1,- 
319,229: 1,608,743. 

Phenyl urea—U.S.P. 1,090,641; 1,460,097. 

Fr. Pat. 459,541. 

Swiss P. 65,925. 

Phenyl urethane—US.P. 1,090,644; 1,- 
280,278. 

Fr. Pat. 459,540; 470 042. 

Swiss P. 65,138. 

Phensithrese20 5 P. 1,338,691. 

Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 470,041. 

D.R.P. 336, 476. 

Phenanthryl-methyl- -ether—U.S.P. 1,090,- 
648. | 

Fr. Pat. 459,539. 

Swiss P. 65,459. 

Phenetol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 600,556; 1,- 
479,955. 

Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264. 

See also ethyl phenyl oxide. 
Phenolates, salts of—Fr. Pat. 482,264. 
Phenones—US.P. 1,181,860. 

Phenoxy acetic Hee Sb R.P. 119,636. 

Phenoxy benzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,181,- 
860. 

Phenoylic radical—U.S P. 612,553. 

Phosphates, aromatic—U.S.P. 1,493,209. 

Eng. Pat. 230,663—1924. 

Fr. Pat. 580,882. 

Phosphoric acid, use of in mfg. of sol- 
vents—Eng. Pat. 5344—1889. 

Phosphoric acid, esters of—U.S.P. 700,- 
885; 733,110; 830,493. 

Can. Pat. 200,433. 

Fr. Pat. 562,667; 581,177; 606,969. 

Aust. P. 9557. 

D.R.P. 396,051. 

Swiss P. 95,376. 

Phosphoric esters, aromatic—Eng. Pat. 
233,874—1925. 
Fr. Pat. 580,883. 


338 


Phosphoric acid esters of naphthols—Fr. 

Pat. 413,657; 414,679. 
Aust. P. 13,838. 

Phosphoric acid esters of cresols—I'r. 

Pat. 413,657; 414,679. 
D.R.P. 348,629. 

Phosphoric acid ester of dichlornaph- 
thol—D.R.P. 142,832. 

Phosphoric acid esters of phenols—Eng. 
Pat. 247,174. 

Phosphoric acid esters from tar oils— 
D.R.P. 348,628. 

Phosphoric acid, liquid triaryl esters of 
—Can. Pat. 229,843. 

Phosphoric acid triortho cresyl ester— 
Eng. Pat. 156,095—1919. 

Phosphorous oxychlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 
796. 

Phosphorous thiochlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 
796. 

Phosphorous trichlorides—D.R.P. 173,- 
796. 

Photographic films—U.8.P. 417,202; 428,- 
654; 510,617; 610,861; 1,107,222; 
1,133,385; 1,199,799; 1,199,800; 1,205,- 
822; 1,216,581; 1,217,027; 1,226,341; 
1,226,342; 1,226,343; 1,229,485; 1,229,- 
486; 1,229,487; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 
1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 1,265,- 
217; 1,350,274; 1,364,842; 1,379,596; 


1,380,258 ; 1,400,196; 1,418,413; 1,437,- | 


828; 1,487,829; 1,458,505. 
Eng. Pat. 10,893—1889. 
Fr. Pat. 387,791; 401,228. 
D.R.P. 357,484. 
Photographic films, lacquer for coating 
—ITS.P. 1,205,822. 
Eng Pat. 1380,896—-1919. 
Photographic paper, coating—Fr. Pat. 
320,452. 
Photographs, coating of—-U.8.P. 104,241; 
1,411,677. 
Eng. Pat. 2953—1864; 
15,841—1909. 
Phthalamic acid, esters of—Fr. Pat. 398,- 
372. 
Phthalanilic acid, 
308,372. 
Phthalic acid—Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. 
Fr. Pat. 308,372. 
Phthalic acid, alkyl esters—Fr. 
416,806. 
D.R.P. 127,816. 
Phthalic acid anhydride—US.P. 1,094,- 
830. 


9992—1902 ; 
Pat. 


esters of—Fr. 


Pat. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. 
Fr. Pat. 308,372. 
Phthalic acid, aralkyl esters—Fr. Pat. 
416,806. 


Phthalic acid esters—U.S.P. 888,516; 
1,641,529. 
Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900; 592—1907; 


126,989—1916; 263,076. 

Fr. Pat. 308,872; 581,177. 

D.R.P. 127,816. 

Swiss P. 95,376. 

Phthalic acid, dichlorethyl ester of— 
Eng. Pat. 257,258. 

Phthalic acid, ester or ether of—D.R.P. 
276,013. 

Phthalic acid, methyl ester of—US.P. 
738,533. 

Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894? 

Phthalic glyceride—U.S.P. 1,590,156. 

Phthalic glyceride rosin ester—U.S.P. 
1,529,056. 

Phthalide—U.S.P. 1,609,303. 
Fr. Pat. 605,085. . 
Phthalonic acid—Eng. Pat. 4326—1901. 
Phthalonic acid anhydride—Eng. Pat. 
4326—1901. 

Picamar—Eng. Pat. 22,019—1894. 

Picoline—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,563,205. 

Pigments—U.S.P. 91,377; 91,378; 91,393; 
101,175; 105,338; 149,216; 265,337; 
329,313; 352,726; 366,231; 491,880; 
517,987; 543,108; 568,106; 597,144; 
602,797; 774,714; 830,493; 893,987; 
904,269; 909,288; 928,235; 1,067,785; 
1,076,215; 1,076,216; 1,118,498; 1,124,- 
012; 1,181,929; 1,135,026; 1,147,066; 
1,195,431; 1,199,798; 1,234,921; 1,249,- 
390; 1,301,187; 1,310,841; 1,319,922; 
1,320,458; 1,821,633; 1,821,634; 1,323,- 
624; 1,329,386; 1,341,710; 1,348,135; 
1,356,440; 1,360,759; 1,365,882; 1,400,- 
196; 1,406,224; 1,410,790; 1,419,258; 
1,425,510; 1,437,170; 1,449,157; 1,456,- 
782; 1,488,608; 1,521,055; 1,528,291; 
1,529,056; 1,562,385; 1,563,204; 1,564,- 
664; 1,583,703; 1,591,652; 1,594,521; 
1,618,482; 1,618,484; 1,633,683; 1,641,- 
529. 

Eng. Pat. 3651—1868; 4195—1874; 
24841878; 959—1879; 1865—1879; 
3345—1891; 3469—1893; 7784—1893; 
22,019—1894; 10,103—1896; 24,790— 
1896;  9962—1904; 15,912—1905; 
4577—1906; 4390—1908; 1378—1912; 
6387—1913; 140—1915; 106,375— 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 339 


1916; 127,615—1917; 127,678—1917; 
122,679—1918; 131,641—1918; 133,972 
—1918; 134,899—1918; 149,319—1919; 
158,586—1919; 164,033—1919; 180,705 
—1920; 236,190—1925; 243,722; 244,- 
819; 254,041; 277,989. 

Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926. 

Fr. Pat. 408,370; 132,495; 446,627; 465,- 
345. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 256,922; 279,638. 

Pine resin—Eng. Pat. 21,368—1912. 

Aust. P, 64,393. 

Pinol—U.S.P. 996,191. 

Pitch—U.S.P. 1,397,103. 

Pitch, Burgundy—U.S.P. 1,330,421. 

Pitch, Canadian—U.S.P. 1,330,421; 1,392,- 
040. 

Plaster of Paris—U.S.P. 1,392,040. 

Plaster, waterproof coating—Eng. Pat. 
26,079—1913. 

Plastic—U.S.P. 89,582; 105,338; 150,722; 
269,343; 269,344; 286,212; 329,313; 
366,231; 428,654; 502,546; 528,812: 
548,108; 543,197; 551,456; 552,209; 
552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 564,343; 
568,105; 568,106; 572,134; 572,135; 
583,516; 597,144; 607,554; 651,364; 
701,857; 738,533; 774,677; 774,713; 
774,714; 830,493; 831,028; 892,899; 
894,108; 922,340; 952,724; 974,285; 
996,191; 1,005,454; 1,029,341; 1,041,- 
113; 1,045,990; 1,076,215: 1,076,216; 
1,089,910; 1,107,222; 1,128.468; 1,136,- 
248: 1,158,960; 1,158,961; 1,161,063: 
1,173,337; 1,175,791; 1,181,859; 1,185,- 
074; 1,188,356; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 
1,191,801; 1,195,040; 1,199,395; 1,199,- 
800; 1,200,886; 1,203,756: 1,216,581: 
1,217,027; 1,226,341: 1,226,342: 1,226,- 
343; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 
1,233,374; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,292,- 
819; 1,295,533; 1,316,311; 1,317,276; 
1,317,721; 1,339,552; 1,342,601; 1,342,- 
602; 1,842,603; 1,848,135; 1,349,146; 
1,353,384; 1,353,385; 1,357,335; 1,357,- 
614; 1,357,876; 1,364,342; 1,365,882; 
1,370,879; 1,379,596; 1,380,258; 1,388,- 
472; 1,400,196; 1,402,969; 1,420,028; 
1,434,427; 1,437,952; 1,464,949; 1,468,- 
820; 1,508,484; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 
1,554,505. 

Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905; 22,528—1907; 
4390—1908; 9313—1908; 19,735— 
1908;  27,201—1908; 18,189—1910; 
21,719—1910; 27,258—1910; 29,246— 


1910; 29,273—1910; 8313—1911; 15,- 
945—1911; 13,239—1912; 8283—1913:; 
3370—1914; 154,334—1919; 160,225— 
1919; 155,778—1920; 156,752—1920; 
161,564—1921; 182,820—1921; 192,107 
—1921;  205,195—1922:  206,770— 
1923; 230,663—1925; 237,900—1925: 
247,288. 


Can. Pat. 129,265; 147,578; 147,579; 


214,462; 229,857. 


Fr. Pat. 295,592; 317,008; 319,542; 319,- 


724; 319,926; 320,133; 324,718; 325,- 
336; 325,585; 328.658: 331,819: 
336,970; 339,081; 347,308; 354,292; 
364,690; 368,004; 372,599: 372,512; 
374,395; 377,671: 387,537: 388,097: 
393,963; 397,429; 402,028; 402,072: 
408,396; 413,657; 415,517; 418,744; 
421,843; 421,854; 427,804; 428,069; 
432,046; 432,047; 436,538; 450,746; 
452,432; 459,972: 463,156; 465,345; 
470,726; 521,000; 521,370; 535,466; 
541,643; 562,667; 573,701; 580,882. 


D.R.P. 66,055; 85,235; 102,962; 115,681; 


119,636; 122,166; 138,783; 168,497; 
128,119; 128,120; 139,905; 140,164; 
145,106; 151,918; 152,111; 162,239: 
176,474; 177,778; 180,126; . 180,208; 
189,703; 207,869; 214,398; 214,962: 
219,918; 220,228: 238,348; 239,773; 
242.467; 246,081; 255,704: 276,013; 
287,745; 298,806; 303,018; 319,723; 
324.944; 334,983: 343,182: 346,832; 
351,103; 353,233; 357,484; 366,116: 
367,106; 374,322; 379,343; 395,703; 
395,704; 396,051; 399,074. 


Aust. P. 7052; 47,890; 50,656; 51,094. 
Swiss P. 52,115. 
Plasticizer—U.S.P. 491,880; 79,261; 234,- 


675; 269,342; 366,231; 384,005; 
461,272; 542,692; 568,104; 587,096; 
587,097; 598,648; 600,556; 603,001; 
690,211; 700,884; 700,885; 738,533; 
758,335; 874,879; 888,516; 892,899; 
961,360; 996,191; 999,490; 1,027,619; 
1,041,113; 1,095,999; 1,158,960; 1,158,- 
961; 1,161,063; 1,173,337; 1,193,178; 
1,195,040; 1,199,395; 1,199,798; 1,199,- 
799; 1,200,886; 1,265,217; 1,292,819; 
1,295,533; 1,303,563; 1,309,980; 1,325,- 
931; 1,353,385; 1,357,335; 1,357,876; 
1,360,759; 1,370,853; 1,370,878; 1,370,- 
879; 1,379,596; 1,388,472; 1,392,040; 
1,395,905; 1,398,939; 1,402,969; 1,405,- 
448: 1,405,490; 1,405,491; 1,408,095; 


340 


1,430,020; 1,432,364; 1,432,365; 1,437,- 
952; 1,441,181; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 
1,454,961; 1,456,782; 1,460,097; 1,462,- 
306; 1,468,820; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 
1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,493,- 
207; 1,501,120; 1,508,483; 1,521,056; 
1,528,291; 1,536,052; 1,538,861; 1,548,- 
932; 1,548,933; 1,552,795; 1,552,800; 
1,552,801 ; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 1,552,- 
806; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,572,232; 
1,589,608; 1,598,474; 1,600,700; 1,609,- 
303; 1,612,669; 1,617,237; 1,625,416; 
1,633,683; 1,641,529. 


Eng. Pat. 21,995—1895; 8063—1901; 
23,445—1902; 24,955—1902; 23,752— 
1903;  27,201—1908; 8945—1909; 


12,976—1909; 476—1910; 636—1910; 
13,100—1910; 14,364—1910; 14,142— 
1911; 17,155—1912; 22,623—1912; 
28,210—1912; 12,804—1913; 4668— 
1914; 13,100—1914; 124,515—1916; 
115,855—1917; 129,033—1917; 123,712 
—1918;  130,402—1918; 131,369— 
1918; 131,384—1918; 131,389—1918; 
132,283—1918; 133,353—1918; 154,334 
—1919;  160,225—1919;  164,384— 
1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386—1919; 
146,212—1920; 147,904—1920; 171,661 
—1920;  174,660—1920;  179,208— 
1920; 177,268—1921; 165,439—1921; 
184,495—1921; 190,269—1921; 205,195 
—1922;  222168—1923;  230,663— 
1925; 237,900—1925; 243,722; 245,- 
469; 246,272; 247,174; 247,611; 252,- 
328; 257,258; 263,076; 263,175. 

Can. Pat. 214,462; 230,046; 264,990; 
268,571; 271,948. 

Fr. Pat. 308,372; 325,548; 376,269; 397,- 
429: 402,083; 408,370; 409,557; 
432,264; 452,432: 456,261; 461,544; 
465,345; 470,726; 474,086: 487,350: 
489,037; 498,949; 472,423: 535,466; 
541,643; 562,056; 573,701; 580,882; 
581,177; 581,190; 587,133; 589,732; 
605,085; 611,899. 

D.RP. 12,778; 96,365; 102,962; 115,681; 
118,052; 119,636; 122,166; 122,272; 
128,119; 128,120; 138,783; 139,905; 
140,164; 142,832; 145,106; 152,111; 
162,239; 169,782; 172,967; 175,664; 
189,703; 221,081; 192,666; 195,312; 
195,313; 276,013; 281,225; 298.806; 
319,723; 322,619; 324,786; 324,944: 
327,376; 334,983; 338,475; 346,832; 
348,628; 348629; 350,973; 351,103; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


351,228 ; 
366,116 ; 
369,445 ; 


353,233; 
367,106 ; 
369,446 ; 
399,074; 404,024: 
434,640; 438,849. 
Aust. P. 28,298; 34,908; 72,493; 46,991. 
Swiss P. 52,438; 63,136; 76,546; 76,547. 
Plastic binding composition—U SP. 
1,431,455. 
Plastol—Aust. P. 25,570. 
Playing cards, lacquer for—U.S.P. 1,623,- 
035. 
Plumbago—U.S.P. 692,102. 
Polish for lacquers—D.R.P. 17,089; 279,- 
127, 
Polyalcohols—Fr. Pat. 589,732. 
Polychloraniline, alkylacyl derivatives of 
—Eng. Pat. 8077—1906. 
Fr. Pat. 365,297. 
D.R.P. 180,203; 180,204. 
Polyolefin glycol, monoethyl ether of— 
Can. Pat. 260,464. 
Polysulfides—Eng. Pat. 1378—1911. 
Polyvalent alcohols, esters of—Fr. Pat. 
581,653. 
Pontianak gum—U.S.P. 1,583,703. 
Porcelain, lacquer for coating—Eng. Pat. 
7676—1900. 
Poppy oil varnish—Fr. Pat. 446,627. 
Porosity in films—Eng. Pat. 12,091— 
1915; 134,228—1919. 
Portrait, lacquer for 
86,740. 
Potassium acetate—D.R.P. 93,009. 
Potassium arsenite—U.S.P. 102,798. 
Potassium carbonate, use of in manufac- 
turing solvents—Eng. Pat. 53844— 
1889; 7784—1893. 
Potassium chlorate—U.S.P. 612,066; 1,- 
564,689. 
Potassium hydroxide—US.P. 1,583,709. 
Potassium lactate—Swiss P. 76,546. 
Potassium prussiate (yellow)—Eng. Pat. 
256,214. 
Potassium silicate—Fr. Pat. 424,820. 
Potassium sulphocyanate—D.R.P. 256,- 
922. 
Precipitating agents—Eng. Pat. 29,246— 
1910. 
Pressure, reducing inflammability by— 
Eng. Pat. 118,891—1917. : 
Primer—U.S.P. 1,406,498. 
Printed surfaces, coating for—Eng. Pat. 
17,012—1890. 


353,234; 366,115; 
367,560; 369,536; 
391,873; 395,703; 
406,013; 412,884; 


coating—D.R.P. 


ee a eS ee 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 341 


Printers blanket—Eng. Pat. 
1919. 

Printing plates, composition for—Eng. 
Pat. 29,273—1910. 

Propion—U\8.P. 470,451; 595,355. 

Propionic acid, chlorethyl ester of—Eng. 
Pat. 257,258: 

Propyl acetanilid—U.8.P. 551,456. 

Propyl acetate—U.S.P. 381,354; 434,330; 
478,955; 491,880; 552,934; 552,935; 
1,365,049; 1,482,365; 1,434,465; 1,469,- 
825; 1,618,481; 1,618,484. 

Eng. Pat. 8253—1887; 12,684—1890; 
3345—1891; 250,894. 
Fr. Pat. 553,547. 

Isopropyl acetate—US.P. 1,482,365; 1,- 
434,465; 1,485,071. 

Propyl aceto acetate—U.S.P. 1,437,952. 

Propyl alcohol—U.S.P. 410,204; 471,422; 
559,824; 1,199,799; 1,265,217; 1,339,- 
552; 1,898,239; 1,411,708; 1,429,188; 
1,431,905; 1,432,364; 1,437,792; 1,439,- 
293; 1,489,656; 1,444,331; 1,458,256; 
1,479,955; 1,533,616; 1,548,932; 1,552,- 
Pee 2,100; 1,502,/98; 1,552,799; 
1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,- 
804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,580,189; 
1,599,569; 1,618,483. 

Eng. Pat. 5791—1887; 194,727—1922; 
236,190—1925. 

Can. Pat. 262,784. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548; 600,178. 

Aust. P. 17,684. 

Isopropyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,400,196; 1,- 
411,708; 1,432,364; 1,444,331; 1,458 - 
256; 1,479,955; 1,485,071; 1,580,189; 
1,599,569. 

Propyl amyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. 

Propyl benzoate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Propyl butyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 

Propyl butyl oxide—U.S.P. 741,554. 

Propyl butyrate—U.S.P. 1,482,365; 1,552,- 
804. 

Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
D.R.P. 192,666. 

Isopropyl butyrate—U'S.P. 1,432,365. 

Propyl carbamate—U.S.P. 568,106. 

Propyl carbanilate—U.S.P. 568,104. 

Propyl carbonate—U8.P. 1,552,805. 

Propyl citrate—Hng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Propyl ether—U.S.P. 600,556; 622,727; 
1;199,800. 

Propyl formate—US.P. 1,552,806. 

Propyl hexyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 


144,012— 


Propyl hippurate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Propyl lactate—HEng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
US.P. 1,591,652; 1,651,578. 
Propyl mesitylenate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Propyl myristate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Propyl oxalate—D.R.P. 192,666. 
Propyl palmitate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Propyl pentyl ketone—U.S.P. 595,355. 
Propyl phthalate—HEng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Isopropyl propionate—US8.P. 1,432,365. 
Propyl salicylate—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Propyl stearate—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 
Propyl succinate—HEng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 
Propyl oxalate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Propyl tartrate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Propyl toluate—Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 
Propylene chloride—U.S.P. 1,467,071. 
Propylene chlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,406,224; 
1,408,423; 1,440,178; 1,480,016. 
Propylene dichloride—U.S.P. 1,397,986. 
Propylene glycol, ethyl ethers of— 
USP. 1,644,418. 
Eng. Pat. 255,406. 
Can. Pat. 260,466. 
Prussian blue—U.S.P. 999,490; 1,529,056 ; 
1,590,156; 1,608,743. 
Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918. 
Pseudo-butylene—Eng. 
1914. 
Pumice—Eng. Pat. 266,363. 
USP 51.652)303. 
Pyrazolon derivatives as pyroxylin sol- 
vents—U.S.P. 566,349. 
Pyridine—U.S.P. 830,493; 1,217,027; 1,- 
429,153; 1,481,845; 1,521,056; 1,563,- 
205; 1,648,509. 
Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916; 243,722. 
Fr. Pat. 418,347. 
D.R.P. 352,905. 
Pyrocatechol diethyl ether—US.P. 1,- 
181,859. 
Pyrogallol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,808. 
Pyrogallol monoacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,- 
803. 
Pyroligneous acid—Fr. Pat. 466,911. 
Pyroligneous acid, use of in manufactur- 
ing pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 518,- 
386. 
Pyro powder, reducing viscosity of— 
USP. 1,535,488. 


Pat. 11,635— 


342 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Pyroxylin—US.P. RI. 13,793; 88,948; Aust. Pat. 17,684. 
105,338; 190,865; 209,570; 234,675; Pyroxylin, solvents for—U.S.P. 410,207; 


262,077; 269,340; 269,341; 269,342; 410,208; 410,209; 450,264; 470,451; 
269,343; 269,344; 269,345; 286,212; 478543; 494,790; 494,793; 495,263; 
297,098; 311,203; 329,313; 375,952; 502,546; 602,547; 502,921; 503,401; 
381,354; 410,207; 422,195; 428,654; 503,402; 504,905; 507,749; 510,617; 
434,330; 463,039; 471,422; 490,195; 517,987; 518,386; 518,387; 518,388; 
491,880; 495,263; 502,547; 502,921; 528,812; 542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 
503,401; 503,402; 504,905; 507,749; 551,456; 552,209; 552,935; 553,270; 
507,964; 510,617; 517,987; 518,386; 555,596; 556,017; 559,823; 559,824; 
542,692; 543,108; 543,197; 551,456; 564,343; 566,349; 561,624; 568,104; 
552,209; 552,934; 552,935; 553,270; 568,105; 568,106; 572,134; 572,135; 
564,343; 566,349; 568,105; 568,106; 583,516; 595,355; 596,662; 598,649; 
572,134; 572,135; 583,516; 587,096; 597,144; 598,648; 600,556; 604,181; 
587,211; 589,870; 593,787; 596,662; 607,554; 610,728; 610,861; 694,946; 
604,181; 607,554; 610,728; 610,861; 741,554; 797,373; 834,913; 855,556; 
612,066; 612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 881,827: 900,204; 942,395: 951,445: 
621,360; 622,727; 661,263; 690,915; 962,877 ; 972,953; 1,027,617; 1,027,618; 
700,884; 701,357; 783,828; 797,373; 1,045,895; 1,082,543; 1,082,573; 1,084,- 
861,435; 909,288; 942,395; 962,877; 702; 1,118,498; 1,135,026: 1,148,258; 
974 285: 996,191; 1,021,569; 1,118,498; 1,158,217; 1,217,027; 1,234,921; 1,283,- 
1,124,012; 1,141,224; 1,147,066; 1,148,- 183; 1,320,458; 1,321,611; 1,321,633; 
908; 1,205,822; 1,233,374; 1,234,921; 1,321,634; 1,323,624; 1,341,710; 1,356, 
1,242,491; 1,249,390; 1,256,240; 1,266, 440; 1,369,467; 1,397,173; 1,397,493; 
073; 1,292,819; 1,315,216; 1,320,458; 1,397,986; 1,398,239; 1,429,174; 1,431,- 
1,323,792; 1,329,386; 1,358,653; 1,360,- 906; 1,439,293; 1,485,071; 1,558,446; 
759; 1,364,342; 1,369,467; 1,382,077; 1,564,664. 
1,400,196; 1,402,969; 1,419,258; 1,449- Eng. Pat. 1125—1856; 1313—1865; 1865 
157: 1,456,782; 1,493,207; 1,493,208; —1879; 5791—1887; 8253—1887; 15,- 
1,508,483; 1,508,484; 1,534,651; 1,538,- 771—1887; 487—1888; 53441889; 
859; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,600,700; 9315—1890; 126841890; 6543— 
1,641,529. 1892; 7277—1893; 7784—1893; 15,686 
Eng. Pat, 2849—1858; 22491860; 1057 —1893; 22,137—1893; 15,914—1894; 
—1863; 2953—1864; 1313—1865; 1695 22,019—1894; 6858—1896; 28,613— 
1867;  3102—1869; 28021873: 1897; 4326—1901; 5348—1902; 5280— 
2484-1878; 9591879; 3072—1882; 1904; 9962—1904; 3450—1906; 413— 
5586—1887; 5791—1887; 6870—1887 ; 1908: 6519—1910; 14,293—1910; 22,- 
15,771—1887; 10,393—1889; 20,690— 309—1910; 11,728—1911; 3869—1912; 
1890; 3345—1891; 6542—1892; 6543 10,222 1912; 21,368—1912; 22,622— 
—1892; 7688—1892; 3469—1893; 22,- 1912; 226231912; 23,544-1912; 
137—1893; 15,327—1894; 6858—1896; 29,963—1912; 2465—1913; 17,953— 
17,717—1896; 24,790—1896; 11,927— 1913; 25,182—1913; 24,033—1914; 
1898; 20,874—1900; 9962—1904; 11,- 123,628—1918; 123,752—1918; 131,273 
928—1907; 18,416—1907; 714—1914; —1918;  132,996—1918;  133,972— 
24,033—1914; 140—1915; 7956—1915; 1919; 158,586—1919; 164,032—1919; 
12,091—1915; 105,137—1916; 122,456 164,033—1919; 156,096—1920; 173,- 
—1918;  158,586—1919;  164,032— 786—1920; 211,892—1923; 236,190— 
1919; 164,033—1919; 180,705—1920; 1925; 231,161—1925. 
276,834. Can. Pat. 109,502; 132,232; 196,150; 
Fr. Pat. 184,548; 363,592; 363,090; 402,- 196,151; 196,925; 196,926. 
569; 488,994. Fr. Pat. 132,495; 383,478; 402,950; 421,- 
Can. Pat. 78,060; 110,622; 196,925; 058; 439,721; 449,607; 464,617; 472,- 
214,462. 423; 553,547. 


Ger Pat. 66,199; 80,776; 139,905; 152,- DRP. 10,210; 27,031; 40,373; 84,146; 
111; 372,856. 86,740; 91,819; 93,009; 140,855; 142,- 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 348 


832; 144,648; 
212,695; 220,322; 
242,467; 248,559; 
281,225; 281,265; 
352,905; 367,294; 
391,667; 402,753. 
Aust. P. 69,916. 
Swiss P. 47,559; 59,164; 61,611; 63,137; 
63,584. 
Dutch P. 108. 
Japanese P. 32,242. 
Pyroxylin spirit—Eng. Pat. 745—1855. 
Pulegone—Eng. Pat. 13,1381—1900. 
D.R.P. 202,720. 
Pumice—U8.P. 1,012,887. 


174,914; 
222.777 ; 
272,391 ; 
302,460 ; 
367,560; 


201,907 ; 
240,751; 
280,376 ; 
343,162; 
381,413; 


Quartz powder—U.S.P. 1,012,887. 
Quick lime—Eng., Pat. 15,686—1893. 
Quinaldine—Eng. Pat. 248,722. 
Quinaline—Eng, Pat. 243,722. 
Quinolin—U.S.P. 1,563,205. 


Radium—US.P. 1,196,144. 

“Rain-streaks” removing from _ kine- 
matographs films—Hng. Pat. 2326— 
1914. 

Ramie—Eng. Pat. 8513—1889. 

Rancidity of oils used in lacquers, pre- 
venting—U.S.P. 612,066; 612,067; 
612,553; 615,319. 

Rape oil, glyceryl esters of—D.R.P. 350,- 
973 


Rape seed oil, blown—U.S.P. 1,242,491. 
Refinishing composition—U.S.P. 1,202,- 
495. 
Resins—U.S.P. 88,948; 
91,393; 97,454; 
265,337; 286,212; 
490,195; 621,360; 631,295; 804,960; 
884,475; 888,516; 1,012,887: 1,015,- 
-156; 1,021,569; 1,118,498; 1,135,026; 
1,263,186; 1,310,841; 1,317,721; 1,320,- 
458; 1,321,633; 1,321,634; 1,323,624; 
1,329,386; 1,341,710; 1,352,741; 1,356,- 
440; 1,437,170; 1,449,157; 1,533,616; 
1,562,383 ; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 1,618, 
481; 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,484; 
1,641,529. | 
Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 2359—1855; 1125 
—1856 ; 2249—1860; 2675—1864; 2143 
—1864; 3984—1868; 3102—1869; 
2484—1878; 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 
8442—1886; 12,684—1890; 19,456— 
1891; 3557—1893; 27,534—1897; 20,- 
874—1900; 6751—1905; 5072—1906; 


91,377; 
209,570; 
329 313; 


91,378; 
251,410; 
417,284; 


28,415—1908; 1799—1909; 476—1910; 
21,719—1910; 10,708—1911; 11,728— 
1911; 21,081—1912; 16,940—19138; 714 
—1914; 3370—1914; 106,375—1916; 
133,972—1918; 158,586—1919; 164,033 
—1919;  147,904—1920;  202,835— 
1922; 209,633—1923; 236,190—1925; 
246,447; 250,894; 263,175; 266,363; 
275,653. 

Fr. Pat. 132,495; 361,954; 363,592; 372,- 
599; 387,537; 339,654; 422,819; 445,- 
638; 463,156; 476,991; 495,021; 504,- 
347; 517,356; 600,178. 

Can. Pat. 196,150; 196,925; 196,926; 
262,784. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 66,055; 66,199; 102,962; 
163,668; 177,778; 188,822; 211,520; 
254,193; 277,605; 280,376; 304,224; 
336,476; 404,024. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952; 53,760. 

Resins, synthetic—USP. 
1,651,578. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Resins, acaroid—Eng. Pat. 192,107—1921. 

Resin acid ester—D.R.P. 177,778. 

Resin acid, amorphous oxidized—Swiss 
P. 58,760. . 

Resin ester gum—U.8.P. 1,594,521. 

Resin extract—Fr. Pat. 483,316. 

Resin, nitrated—US.P. 1,025,217. 

Eng. Pat. 15,914—1894. 

Resin oils—Eng. Pat. 7975—1897. 

Resin oils, nitrated—Eng. Pat. 15,914— 
1894. 

Resin—oil varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. 

Resin, pine—D.R.P. 263,404; 272,391. 

Resin soap—D.RP. 102,962. 

Resins, solvents for—Fr. Pat. 352,897; 
416,806; 472,423; 517,356. 

D.R.P. 280,376; 391,667. 

Swiss P. 85,868. 

Resin varnish—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. 

Fr. Pat. 403,761. 

Resinates—Fr. Pat. 470,726. 

Resinates of Al, Sn, Zn, Mn, and Co— 
D.R.P. 334,761. 

Resinates, metallic—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,- 
563,205. 

D.R.P. 334,761. 

Resinoleates, metal—Fr. Pat. 374,395; 
439,648. 
Resorcin diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,792. 

Eng. Pat. 8945—1909. 

Resorcinol—U.S.P. 1,552,793. 


1,590,156 ; 


344 


Resorcinol diacetate—U.S.P. 1,552,803. 
Eng. Pat. 13,100—1914; 115,855—1917. 
Fr. Pat. 402,083. 

D.RP. 277,529. 

Resorcinol monoacetate—US.P. 

803. 

D.R.P. 298,806. 
Rhamnitediformal—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Rhodamin—US.P. 1,188,655; 1,188,776; 

1,188,777. 

Eng. Pat. 16,271—1911. 

Rice starch—D.R.P. 240,188. 

Ricinoleic acid—D.R.P. 27,031; 175,664. 

Ricinoleic acid, methyl and ethyl ester 
of—US.P. 1,412,770. 

Ricinoleic acid, nitrated—D.R.P. 103,726. 

Ricinoleic acid, poly—Eng. Pat. 14,142 
—1911. . 

Ricinolein, nitro compounds—Eng. Pat. 
21,995—1895. 

D.R.P. 96,365. 

Rosin—U.S.P. 234,675; 434,330; 518,386; 
555,596; 953,621; 1,166,790; 1,330,421; 
1,352,741; 1,392,040; 1,402,969; 1,583,- 
703; 1,590,156. 

Fr. Pat. 372,512; 382,270; 459,006; 470,- 

726. 

DR: 220.322: 

Swiss P. 64,710. 

Rubber—U.S.P. 126,698; 904,269; 1,217,- 
027; 1,824,154; 1,563,205; 1,583,703. 
Eng. Pat. 8518—1889; 2264—1902; 24,- 
006—1909; 21,081—1912; 105,1387— 
1916; 129,.630—1918; 180,705—1920. 

D.RP. 10,210; 433,656. 

Rubber cement—US8.P. 1,419,258. 

Rubber, coating used on—Eng. Pat. 22,- 
528—1907. 

Rubber, imitation—Fr. Pat. 463,622. 

Rubber resins—U.S.P. 1,105,619. 

Rubber solution—Eng. Pat. 7087—1914; 
12,895—1914. 

Rubber, substitute for—U.S.P. 651,364. 

Rust preventing compositions—U.S.P. 
1,392,040; 1,397,103. 


1,552,- 


Saccharine matter—US.P. 366,231. 
Saccharo heptacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Saccharo monoacetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Saccharo octacetate—US.P. 830,493. 
Saccharo tetracetate—U.S.P. 830,493. 
Saccharose acetates—D.R.P. 140,263. 
Saccharose, esters of—U.S.P. 830,493. 
 D.R.P. 140,263, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Safrol—U.S.P. 1,181,859; 

388,472. 
Eng. Pat. 20,975—1911; 124,763—1916. 
Fr. Pat. 432,264. 
iso-Safrol—US.P. 
1,888,472. 
Eng. Pat. 124,763—1916. 

Salacetol—U.S.P. 572,134. 

Salicylates—U.S.P. 621,382. 

Salicylic acid—U.S.P. 612,067. 

Salicylic acid, benzyl ester of—Fr. Pat. 
541,643. 

Salicylic acid esters—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Salicylic acid, glycol esters of—Fr. Pat. 
541,643. 

Salipyrin—U.S.P. 566,349. 

Salol—U.S.P. 572,134; 1,199,800; 1,388,- 
472. 

Salts—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. 

D.R.P. 93,009. 

Salts of resin acids—U.S.P. 1,205,822. 

Sandarac, gum—US.P. 160,010; 434,330; 
951,582; 1,021,569; 1,195,673; 1,410,- 
790; 1,623,035. 

Eng. Pat. 33—1883; 6600—1904; 136,- 
433—1919; 205,828—1923. 

Can. Pat. 260,927. 

Fr, Pat. 361,954; 363,592. 

Sawdust—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 

Eng. Pat. 24,790—1896; 156,096—1920. 

Schreiner finish—U.S.P. 922,295. 

Eng. Pat. 18,742—1904. 
Fr. Pat. 351,844. 

Seals for bottles, etc., composition used 
for—U.S.P. 190,865. 

Sebacic acid—Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909. 

Fr. Pat. 403,761. 

Sebacic acid, esters of—D.R.P. 139,738; 

169,782. 
Aust. P. 28,298. 

Sebacylic ether—U.S.P. 269,340. 

Senegal gum—D.R.P. 240,188. 

Shale (coal) substances—U.S.P. 262,077; 
286,212. 

Shale, residual distillation products from 
—US.P. 97,454. 

Eng. Pat. 3102—1869. 
Sheen of fabrics, improving—D.R.P. 
- 212,696. 

Shellac—U.S.P. 112,870; 126698; 150,- 
722; 160,010; 209,570; 251,410; 
286,212; 311,203; 422,195; 434,330; 
461,272; 463,039; 495,263; 518,386; 
555,596; 893,987; 951,582; 952,724; 
1,147,066; 1,148,851; 1,195,673; 1,310,- 


1,199,800; 1,- 


1,181,859; 1,199,800; 


ae a ee 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 345 


841; 1,829,386; 1,352,741; 1,393,290; 
1,410,790; 1,425,510; 1,437,170; 1,529,- 
056; 1,589,608; 1,612,669; 1,623,035; 
1,629,999; 1,651,578; U.S.R.I. 16,803. 
Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1208—1871; 1866 
—1879; 33—1883; 15,771—1887; 12,- 
684—1890;  25,675—1896; 18,744— 
1901; 18,383—1905 ; 4577—1906 ; 
24,587—1906; 22,528—1907; 10,708— 
1911; 16,810—1911; 8126—1914. 
Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Fr, Pat. 363,592; 463,156. 
D.RP. 10,210; 17,089; 177,778; 244,566; 
176,121. 
Swiss P. 66,510. 
Japanese P. 37,972. 
Ship hulls, paint for—US.P. 1,397,103. 
Shoe heels, lacquer for—Can. P. 238,217. 
‘ Eng. Pat. 202,154—1922. 
US.P. 1,607,516. 
Shoes, inner sole for—Eng. Pat. 12,839— 
1915: 12,840—1915. 
Sienna, burnt—U8.P. 1,521,056. 
Silex—U.S.P. 1,594,521. 
Silica—U.S.P. 294,557. 
Fr. Pat. 325,336; 495,000. 
Silica, colloidal—Eng. Pat. 10,320—1910. 
Fr, Pat. 402,569. 
Silicates, alkaline—Eng. Pat. 
1912. 
Silicates, amyl—U.S.P. R.I. 13,793; 794,- 
581. 
Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Silicates, ethyl—U.8.P. R.I. 18,793; 794,- 
581. 
Silicates, methyl—US.P. RI. 
794,581. 
Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Silicate, potassium—U.S.P. 1,012,887; 1,- 
496,198. 
Eng. Pat. 27,283—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 436,245. 
PRP. 239,773. 
Swiss P. 58,686. 
Silicate, sodium—US.P. 1,012,887. 
Eng. Pat. 27,283—1910. 
Fr, Pat. 436,245. 
Swiss P. 58,686. 
Silicates, soluble—U.S.P. 1,496,198. 
Eng. Pat. 2802—1873. 
D.R.P. 239,773. 
Silicates, water soluble—U.S.P. 1,012,887. 
Fr. Pat. 436,245. 
Swiss P. 58,686. 
Silicic acid—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. 


17,953— 


13,793 ; 


Silicic esters—U.S.P. 794,581. 

Silicon—U.S.P. 1,196,144. 

Silicon chlorides—U.S.P. 1,496,198. 

Silicon hydroxides—U.S.P. 1,496,198. 

Silver metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 

Silver paints—Eng. Pat. 22,610—1891; 
7688—1892. 

Silver powder—Eng. Pat. 7688—1892. 

Size—Eng. Pat. 4195—1874. 

Fr, Pat. 372,018; 417,027. 
Silk, artificial—U.S.P. 1,029,341. 
Silk coating—Eng. Pat. 20,092—1899. 
DP 5120977. 

Skins, coating for—D.R.P. 244,566. 

Skin, lacquer for coating—U.S.P. 627,- 
296; 628,463. 

Skins, waterproofing—Eng. Pat. 16,810— 
1911. 

Slate—Eng. Pat. 6600—1904. 

Slate powder—Eng. Pat. 266,363. 

Smokeless powder—Eng. Pat. 177,536— 
1922. 


D.R.P. 296,591. 

Soaps—US.P. 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,- 
Oli, fal: 

Eng. Pat. 22,662—1901; 1799—1909; 
17,449—1909; 1378—1912; 12,091— 
1915. 


Fr. Pat. 403,761. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Soda—US.P. 1,173,337. 
Soda ash—U'S.P. 1,652,587. 
Soda solution—U.S.P. 1,140,174. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Soda-turkey-red-oil—U.S.P. 1,140,174. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Sodium acetate—U.S.P. 1,554,505; 1,636,- 
319. 
Sodium benzoate—U.S.P. 612,067; 621,- 
382. 
Sodium bichromate—Eng. Pat. 24,214— 
1907. 
Sodium borate—U.S.P. 1,554,505. 
Sodium carbonate—D.R.P. 241,781. 
Sodium carbonate (anhydrous)—U.S.P. 
884,475. 
Eng. Pat. 4390—1908. 
Sodium casein—Eng, Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Sodium chloride—Fr. Pat. 421,854. 
Sodium citrate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. 
Sodium hydroxide—US.P. 1,583,709. 
Sodium hypo phosphite—U.S.P. 1,431,- 
900 


Sodium oleate—Eng. Pat. 206,520. 


- Sodium oxalate—U.SP. 1,636,319. 


346 


Sodium ricinoleate—Fr. Pat. 387,791. 
Sodium salicylate—U.S.P. 612,067. 
Sodium silicates—U.S.P. 1,496,198. 

Fr, Pat. 424,820. 

D.RP. 239,773. 
Sodium sulfocarbolate—U.S.P. 612,553. 
Sodium tungstate—U.S.P. 1,131,929. 

Eng. Pat. 24,695—1893; 3450—1906; 

18,607—1910; 28,848—1910. 
Fr. Pat. 433,012; 433,013. 


Softening and toughening agents— 
U.S.P. 1,316,311. 
Solvents, compound—U.S.P. 1,432,364; 


1,432,365; 1,434,432; 1,434,465; 1,434,- 
634; 1,437,792; 1,441,143; 1,444,331; 
1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,464,- 
169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 
1,467,092; 1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,- 
096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 
1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,- 
103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 1,469,812: 
1,469,813; 1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,- 
826; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,219; 
1,479,955; 1,488,608; 1,494,469; 1,494,- 
470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,473; 
1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 1,500,- 
366; 1,518,417; 1,599,569. 
Eng. Pat. 16,932—1910; 243,031. 
Can. Pat. 249,773. 
Soot—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 
Spar varnishes—U.S.P. 1,647,435. 
Spirit stain—US.P. 953,621. 
Spraying lacquers—U.S.P. 922,295; 1,- 
141,224. 
Eng. Pat. 18,383—1905; 18,268—1914. 
Stabilizers—U.S.P. 514,838; 589,870; 
593,787; 617,450; 621,382; 774,713; 
979,431; 1,045,990; 1,050,065; 1,067,- 
785; 1,090,641; 1,090,642; 1,090,643; 
1,090,644; 1,280,278; 1,280,279; 1,338,- 
691; 1,348,741; 1,358,653; 1,552,793; 
1,552,794; 1,552,803; 1,626,916. 

Eng. Pat. 22,384—1893; 4940—1914; 
17,501—1914; 222,168—1923; 243,722. 

Can. Pat. 214,462. 

Fr. Pat. 393,310; 415,518; 418,347; 459,- 
539; 459,540; 459541; 459,542; 
470,041; 470,042. 

D.R.P. 191,454; 296,591; 312,392. 

Swiss P. 65,138; 65,139; 65,459; 65,925. 

Stannic chloride—US.P. 150,722. 

D.R.P. 268,627; 281,374. 

Stannous chloride—U.S.P. 150,722. 
Eng. Pat. 9982—1908. 
Fr. Pat. 387,537; 421,854. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Starch—U.S.P. 981,178; 1,382,077. 

Eng. Pat. 17,449—1909; 1779—1910; 
149,319—1919. 

Fr. Pat. 319,542; 403,761. 

D.R.P. 168,497; 238,361. 

Starch acetate—U.S.P. 884,475; 1,317,721. 
Can. Pat. 270,537. 

Stearic acid—Eng. Pat. 24,006—1909. 
U.S.P. 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 1,626,113. 
Fr, Pat. 422,763. 

Aust. P. 3034/18. 

Stearic acid, chlorinated—U.S.P. 855,- 
556; 1,094,830. 

Stearic acid, methyl, ethyl, propyl, or 
amyl ester of halogenized—US.P. 
962,877. 7 

Stearin—U.S.P. 904,269; 1,217,027; 1,645,- 
141. 

Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 275,747. 

Stearone—U.S.P. 410,209. 

Stencil sheets—U.S.P. 1,592,338; 1,592,- 
380; 1,594,525; 1,607,090; 1,608,742; 
1,608,743 ; 1,626,113; 1,639,080; 1,645,- 
141. 

Eng. Pat. 275,747. 
Can. Pat. 270,537. 

Strength of films, increasing—Eng. Pat. 
179,234—1921. 

Strontia—Eng. Pat. 8823—1891. 

Strontium—U.S.P. 1,196,144. 


Strontium caprylate—U.S.P. 951,582. 


Strontium chloride—Fr. Pat. 344,501. 
D.R.P. 214,398. 
Succinic acid, esters of—Eng. Pat. 13,- 
131—1900. 
Succinic acid, use of in manufacture of 
pyroxylin solvents—U.S.P. 502,921. 
Sugar—US.P. 1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,- 
431,455. 
Eng. Pat. 2256—1856; 2143—1864; 1378 
—1912. 
D.R.P. 168,497. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Sugar, acetylated—U.S.P. 1,317,721. 
Sugar glycerine—U.S.P. 1,415,059. 
Sulfamid, aromatic—Fr, Pat. 573,701. 
p-Sulfamido-amyl-ester—U.S.P. 758,335. 
Sulfamidobenzoic acid—US.P. 758,335. 
Sulfamidoethylester—U.S.P. 758,335. . 
Sulfanilid—D.R.P. 319,723. 
Sulfates, insoluble—Eng. Pat. 
1906. 
Sulfides—Eng. Pat. 1378—1911. 
Sulfoacid, alkyl ether of aromatic—Fr. 
Pat. 295,592. 


3450— 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 347 


Sulfo-acids, aromatic derivatives of— 

' USP. 942,395. 

Sulfobenzid—U.S.P. 572,135. See also 
diphenyl sulfon. 

Sulfocarbanilid—U.S.P. 572,135. 
also S-diphenylthio-carbamide. 

Sulfocarbolates—U.S.P. 612,553. 

Sulfo compounds, aromatic—U.S.P. 1,- 
015,156. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Sulfomargaric acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 
1909. 

Sulfonal (diethylsulfone dimethylmeth- 
ane)—U.S.P. 572,135. 

Sulfonamides, alkyl—US.P. 1,353,385. 

Sulfonamides, alkylated derivatives of— 
Eng. Pat. 164,384—1919; 164,385— 
1919; 164,386—1919. 

Sulfonamide, monomethyl—US.P. 1,- 
353,385. 

Sulfonamide, p-toluene 
USP. 1,353,385. 

Sulfones—Eng. Pat. 1378—1912. 

Sulfonic acids, aromatic—Eng. 
25,484—1899; 1378—1912. 

Sulfonic acid esters of phenol, naph- 
thol and cresols—Fr. Pat. 413,657; 
414,679. 

Sulfopalmitic acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 
1909. 

Sulfophenic derivatives of halogen— 
Fr. Pat. 397,429. 

Sulforicinoleates—Fr. Pat. 374,395. 

Sulforicinoleic acid—Eng. Pat. 27,102— 
1909. 

Sulfoxides—Eng. Pat, 1378—1912. 
D.R.P. 399,074. 

Sulfur—US.P. 651,364; 701,357; 
285; 1,196,144; 1,431,845; 

Eng. Pat. 6600—1904. 

Fr. Pat. 421,843. 

D.R.P. 66,055; 277,605 
Sulfur dioxide—Eng. Pat. 11,635—1914. 
Sulfur dioxide, liquid—Can. Pat. 234,322. 

D.R.P. 402,753. 

Sulfuric acid—U.S.P. 894,108; 1,588,089. 

Eng. Pat. 1125—1856; 15,841—1909; 

1378—1911; 3612—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 364,690. 

D.R.P. 240,563. 

Sulfuric acid, use of in preparing py- 
roxylin solvents—U.S.P. 494,790; 


See 


monoethyl— 


Pat. 


974, 
1,431,455. 


494,791; 494,792; 494,793; 518,386; 
518,387; 518,888; 559,823; 954,310. 
Eng. Pat. 7277—1893; 2568—1896. 
Sulfurous acid—U.S.P. 265,337; 927,674. 
Eng. Pat. 1865—1879; 1866—1879; 789 
—1914. 
Fr, Pat. 182,495. 
D.R.P. 10,210 
Sunlight, protecting 
US.P. 1,647,435. 
Surface, treatment of before applying 
lacquer—Eng. Pat. 255,803. 


lacquer from— 


Talc—U.S.P. 294,557; 999,490; 1,012,887. 
Eng. Pat, 27,534—1897. 
Fr. Pat. 340,622. 
Tannic acid—Eng. Pat. 491—1885. 
Tanning material, incorporation of in 
celluloid solvents—D.R.P. 267,992. 
Tar—U.S.P. 91,378; 91,393; 651,364. 
Tar, coal—U.S.P. 284,970; 1,397,103. 
Tar, creosote—U.S.P. 1,431,455. 
Tar, mineral—US.P. 91,377. 
Eng. Pat. 3984—1868. 
D.R.P.. 307,771. 
Tar, phenol—U.S.P. 1,431,455. 
Tar, pine—U.S.P. 1,392,040. 
Tar products—Eng. Pat. 16,940—1913. 
Fr. Pat. 476,991. 
Tar, vegetable—U.S.P. 91,3877; 294,557. 
Eng. Pat. 3984—1868; 26,079—1913. 
Tar, wood—Eng. Pat. 294,557. 
Fr. Pat. 466,911. 
D.R.P. 28,972; 307,771. 
Tartaric acid—U.S.P. 1,089,960. 
Eng. Pat. 6858—1896; 7086—1913; 
129,033—1917. 255,803. 
Fr. Pat. 454,379; 499,703. 
D.R.P. 276,661. 
Tartaric acid, salts of—Eng. Pat. 129,- 
033—1917. 
Teeth, coating—Eng. Pat. 3178—1871. 
Terpenes—Eng. Pat. 12,277—1905; 714— 
1914. 
Fr. Pat. 354,942. 
Terpene series, aldehydes of—Fr. Pat. 
418,347. 


Terpineol—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,388,472. 
Eng. Pat. 127,615—1917; 127,678— 
1917. 

DBP. 27.041, 


Terpinyl acetate—U.S.P. 1,199,800; 1,- 
388,472. 

Textile fibers, applying metal coatings 
to—Eng. Pat. 24,289—1903. 


348 


Tetra and trichlor anthracenes—U.S.P. 
1,354,726. 

Tetrachlorethane—U.S.P. 1,105,619; 1,- 
181,858; 1,181,859; 1,181,860; 1,185,- 
514; 1,191,801; 1,397,103; 1,408,035; 
1,420,028; 1,431,845; 1,432,364; 1,432,- 
365; 1,439,293; 1,458,505; 1,563,205; 
1,591,652. 

Eng. Pat. 24,006—1909; 29,273—1910; 
20,976—1911; 21,015—1913; 128,274— 
1916; 129,630—1918; 182,820—1921; 
189,942—1922; 190,694—1922; 200,186 
—1922; 231,161—1925. 

Fr. Pat. 418,347; 421,848; 432,047; 
427,562; 432,264; 436,900; 427,818; 
432,388; 452,482; 456,729; 477,294; 
483,316; 553,547; 595,155. 

D.RP. 242,786; 281,265. 

Aust. Pat. 99,665. 

Swiss P. 63,584; 66,488; 66,509. 

See also Acetylene tetrachloride. 

Tetrachlorethylacetanilid—U.S.P. 1,041,- 
117; 1,041,118; 1,136,248; 1,188,798; 
1,216,581; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229, 
487: 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 
1,244,348; 1,244,349. 

Tetrachlornaphthalene — U.S.P. 
601; 1,854,726; 1,508,189. 

Tetrachlor naphthol—D.R.P. 142,832. 

Tetrachlorophenol—U.S.P. 1,094,830. 

Tetra ethyl monosilicate—Eng. Pat. 10,- 
320—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 402,569. 


1,342,- 


Tetrahydro benzyl ketones—Fr. Pat. 
409,557. 

Tetrahydronaphthalene—U.S.P. 1,441,181. 

Tetrahydronaphthol acetate—D.R.P. 
433,656. 

Tetrahydronaphthol, esters of—Eng. 
Pat. 241,858. 


Can. Pat. 259,475. 
Tetranitrocellulose—U.8.P. 573,132; 756,- 
176; 894,108. 
Tetra - nitrotri - naphthyl - phosphate 
—US.P. 733,110. 
Eng. Pat. 4883—1902. 
Tetraphenyl urea—Aust. P. 27,060. 
Textiles, acetylating—Fr, Pat. 320,885. 
Textiles, impregnating with lacquer—Fr. 
Pat. 379,589; 392,270. 
Textiles, making impermeable—D.R.P. 
224,330. 
Textile tissues, coating—KEng. Pat. 28,- 
210—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 320,885. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Thinners—Eng. Pat. 184,173. 

Thiocelluloses—U.S.P. 830,493. 

Thiocyanates—Eng. Pat. 177,268—1921. 
D.R.P. 268,627. 

Thiodiglycollate—D.R.P. 434,640. 

Thiophosphoric acid, liquid triaryl esters 
of—Can. Pat. 229,843. 

Thioureas—D.R.P. 312,392. 

Thorium—U.8.P. 1,196,144. 

Thujone—Eng. Pat. 13,131—1900. 

Thymochinon—US.P. 607,554. 

Thymol—U.8.P. 607,554; 774,713; 774,- 
714. 

Eng. Pat. 12,278—1905. 
Fr. Pat. 354,942. 

Tin chloride—U.S.P. 1,400,430. 

Eng. Pat. 7975—1897; 128,659—1917. 

Tin metal—Eng. Pat. 959—1879. 

US.P. 1,652,587. 

Tin oxide—U.S.P. 1,345,354. 

Tin protochloride—Eng. Pat. 16,330— 
1887. 

Fr. Pat. 410,973. 

Tinfoil capsules, lacquer for—Aust. P. 
56,488. 

Tires, composition for stopping punc- 
tures in—U.S.P. 587,211. 

Tissues, rendering impermeable—Fr. 
Pat. 431,090. 

Titanium oxide—US.P. 1,301,187; 1,365,- 

= (BBR 

Can. Pat. 201,913. 

p-Toluene alkyl amide—Eng. Pat. 25,- 
434—1899. 

p-Toluene chlorsulphonic acid—Fr. Pat. 
379,589. 

Toluene, dibrom—U.S.P. 1,552,799. 

o & p Toluene diethyl sulfonamid— 
USP. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 
961; 1,508,928. 

Eng. Pat. 154,834—1919. 

o & p Toluene dimethyl sulphonamid— 
US.P.. 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 
961; 1,508,928. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Toluene, methyl, ethyl, amyl sulphone 
of—D.R.P. 366,116. 

o & p Toluene, methyl, ethyl, sulpho- 
namide—U.8.P. 1,508,928. 

Toluene ortho or para monoethyl sul- 
phonamide—U SP. 1,466,819; 1,620,- 
977. 

Toluene, monobrom—U'S.P. 1,552,799. 

Toluene, mono-, di-, or tri-nitro—U.S.P. 
1,306,440. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 349 


Eng. Pat. 4940—1914. 

o-Toluene monoethyl sulphonamide— 
Eng. Pat. 1383,353—1918. 

p-Toluene sulfamid—US.P. 
758,335. 

Fr, Pat.p87,138. 

p-Toluene sulfamido acetic acid—US.P. 
758,335. 

p-Toluene sulfamidoethyl ester—US.P. 
758,335. 

p-Toluene sulfanilid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfoacid ethyl ester—USP. 
758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-acid phenyl ether—U.S.P. 
758,335. 

p - Toluene sulphoamid - formaldehyde 
resin—U.S.P. 1,564,664. 

Toluene sulphoanilid—Eng. Pat. 192,107 
—1921. 

p - Toluenesulfo - p - chloranilid—U-S.P. 
758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-cresol—U.S.P. 758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-diethylamid—U S.P. 758,- 
335. 

p - Toluenesulfo - diphenylamin—US.P. 
758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-ethylamid — US.P. 758,- 
335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-ethylanilid—US.P. 758,- 
335. 

p- Toluenesulfo-methylanilid — U.S.P. 
758,335. 

p-Toluene sulphonamid—Eng. Pat. 25,- 
434—1899. 
1).R.P, 122,272. 
p-Toluenesulfonaphthol—U.S.P. 758,335. 
p-Toluenesulfo-alpha-naphthol — US.P. 
758,335. 

p- Toluenesulfo - alpha - naphthylamin— 
US.P. 758,335. 

p - Toluenesulfo - beta - naphthylamin — 
USP. 758,335. 

p-Toluene sulphonic acid, methyl ester— 
USP. 788,533. 

p-Toluene sulphonic chloride—Eng. Pat. 
11,928—1907. 

p - Toluenesulfo - 0 - phenetidin — USP. 
758,335. 

p - Toluenesulfo - p - phenetidin— USP. 
758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-phenyl hydrazin—U SP. 
758,335. 

p-Toluenesulfo-o-toluid—U.S.P. 758,335. 

p-Toluene - sulfo - dicyclo - hexylamin— 
USP. 1,200,886. 


738,538 5 


Eng. Pat. 9270—1914. 
p-Toluenesulfo-p-toluid—U.8.P. 758,335. 
p-Toluenesulfo-m-xylidid—U.S.P. 758,- 

335. 
Toluic acids—U.S.P. 1,161,063. 
Toluidine—U.S8.P. 1,217,027. 
o-Toluidin—U SP. 1,140,174; 1,217,123. 

Aust. P. 61,055. 

Toluidine, bromo-nucleo- substitution 
products of—U.S.P. 1,641,413. 

Toluidine, diacetyl derivatives of—Fr. 
Pat. 482,264. 

p-Toluidine, 3-5 dibromo—U.S.P. 1,641,- 
413. 

Toluidine, diformyl derivatives of—Fr. 
Pat. 432,264. 

Toluol—U.S.P. 1,015,155; 1,015,156; 1,- 
195,673; 1,217,027; 1,310,841; 1,821,- 
633; 1,323,624; 1,353,385; 1,397,173; 
1,397,493; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 1,437,- 
170; 1,439,656; 1,441,143; 1,449,156; 
1,458,256; 1,469,816; 1,488,608; 1,529,- 
056; 1,533,616; 1,562,383 ; 1,562,385 ; 
1,562,387 ; 1,563,205; 1,564,664; 1,589,- 
608: 1,612,669; 1,618,481; 1,618,482; 
1,618,483; 1,618,484; 1,629,999 ; 1,651,- 
578; US.RI. 16,8038. 

Eng. Pat. 7975—1897; 17,282—1904; 
12,976—1909; 29,246—1910; 25,182— 
1913; 158,586—1919 ; 194,727; 236,190 
—1825; 250,894; 256,229. 

Can. Pat. 196,925; 260,927; 262,784. 

Fr. Pat. 411,126; 412,797; 423,774; 482,- 
264; 472,423; 517,356; 600,178. 

DRP. 249,535; 284,672; 307,075; 314,- 
317; 336,476. 

Aust. P. 47,899; 54,512. 

Swiss P. 51,952; 52,115. 

Toluol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- 
tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. 

p-Toluol dialkyl amide—Fr. Pat. 295,- 
592. 

Toluol, nitro derivatives of—Fr. Pat. 
483,316. 

Toluol, polyhalogen derivatives of—Fr. 
Pat. 483,316. 

p-Toluolsulfamid—Fr. Pat. 573,701; 587,- 
133. 

p-Toluol sulfo acid alkyl ester—D.R.P. 
122,272. 

Toluolsulfoacid amyl ester—Eng. Pat. 
156,095—1919. 

p-Toluol sulfo alkyl and dialkyl amide 
—D.R.P. 122,272. 

Fr. Pat. 295,592. 


350 


p-Toluol sulfonamid — U.S.P. 1,199,799; 
1,226,343; 1,265,217. 

p-Ethyl-toluol-sulfonamid —US.P. 1,- 
143,979; 1,188,797; 1,188,798; 1,188,- 
799; 1,188,800; 1,199,395; 1,203,756; 
1,226,339; 1,226,340; 1,226,341; 1,226,- 
342; 1,229,485; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 
1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,- 
348: 1,244,349; 1,620,977. 

p-Toluol sulfochloride—US.P. 942,395. 

Eng. Pat. 26,201—1905. 

Toluol sulfonamid—US.P. 1,244,107; 
1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244 
349; 1,041,113. 

Swiss P. 52,115. 

Toluol sulfonic acid ethyl ester—Swiss 
P. 52,115. 

Tolyl alcohol, chlor—U.8.P. 1,370,853. 

Tolylbenzyl alcohol—U.S.P. 1,370,853. 

Tolypyrin—US.P. 566,349. 

Tolyl ricinoleate—U.S.P. 1,612,669. 

Tolysal—US.P. 566,349. 

o-Tolyl-urethane—U.S.P. 1,280,278. 

Fr. Pat. 470,042. 
Toughing cellulose 
Pat. 324,718. 
Toughness, imparting—Eng. Pat. 177,268 

: eat 


composition—Fr. 


Tracing cloth, varnish for—Eng. Pat. 
184,173. 

Tragacanth, gum—Eng. Pat. 2256—1856. 

Triacetin—U.S.P. 1,298,199; 1,325,931; 
1,426,521; 1,431,845; 1,449,156; 1,449,- 
157; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 
1,456,782; 1,458,505; 1,488,294; 1,521,- 
055; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1,607,090; 
1,608,743: 1,626,113. 

Eng. Pat. 5633—1914; 124,515—1916; 
124,763—1916; 114,304—1917 ; 127,615 
—1917; 127,678—1917; 131,369— 
1918; 131,669—1918; 1388,379—1918; 
158,521—1918; 142,615—1919; 164,384 
—1919; 164,385—1919; 164,386— 
1919; 189,942; 202,154 1922; 243,030. 

Can.. P, 238,217. 

Fr. Pat. 417,250; 432,264; 463,622; 470,- 
726; 498,949; 521,476. 

D.R.P. 281,374; 319,723. 

See also acetin; glyceryl triacetin. 
Triacetone mannite—U.S.P. 996,191. 
Triacetyl-o, o’ dimethylol p-cresol— 

D.R.P. 395,704. 
Triarylphosphate—Fr. Pat. 562,056. 
Tribenzyl amine—US.P. 1,494,473. 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Tribenzyl phosphate—US.P. 1,370,853; 
1,538,860. 


-Tribromophenol—U SP. 1,631,468. 


Tributyl phosphate—US.P. 1,589,608. 
Tributyrin—U.S.P. 1,572,232. 
Tricetylcellulose—U.S.P. 951,582. 
Trichloraniline—U.S.P. 1,015,156. 

Eng. Pat. 1441—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 412,797. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 51,952. 

Trichlorethane—U.S.P. 1,181,860; 1,439,- 
293. 

Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910. 

Fr. Pat. 432,047; 553,547. 

Swiss P. 63,584. 

Trichlorethylacetanilid—Eng. Pat. 154,- 
157—1919. 

Trichlorethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. 

Trichlorethylene—U.S.P. 1,079,773; 1,- 
105,619; 1,181,858; 1,181,860; 1,188,- 
800; 1,195,673; 1,229,486; 1,242,783; 
1,529,056; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 12,406—1910; 4744—1911; 
20,976—1911; 17,953—1913; 13,100— 
1914, 

Fr. Pat. 432,047; 440,133; 440,143; 456,- 
729; 464,617. 

D.R.P. 266,781. 

Aust. P. 59,580; 69,916. 

Swiss P. 66,509. 

Trichlorhydrin—U.S.P. 1,041,114; 1,244,- 
107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348: 
1,244,349. 

Trichlormethyl acetanilid—U.S.P. 1,041,- 
117; 1,041,118; 1,136,248; 1,216,581; 
1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,347; 1,244, 
348: 1,244,349. 

Trichlornaphthalene — U.S.P. 
1,354,726. 

Trichlornitromethane—U.S.P. 893,634. 

Eng. Pat. 5891—1907. 

Fr. Pat. 376,399. 

1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl propanol—Eng. 
Pat. 195,849—1922; 205,195—1922. 

Fr. Pat. 562,056. 

See also Trichlortertiary butanol and 
chloretone. 

2.4.6 trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid, cy- 
clohexyl esters of—D.R.P. 374,322. 

Trichlortertiary butanol—See Chlor- 
etone and also 1.1.1  trichloro-2- 
methyl propanol. 

U.S.P. 1,536,052. 


1,354,725 ; 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 351 


Trichlorphenol—U.S.P. 1,067,785 ; 1,245,- 
476; 1,319,229; 1,386,576. 
Eng. Pat. 10,794—1910. 


Tricresylcarbonate—U.8.P. 700,884. 

Tricresyl phosphate—U.8S.P. 700,885; 1,- 
041,113; 1,041,115; 1,041,116; 1,041,- 
117; 1,041,118; 1,067,785; 1,128,468; 
1,217,027; 1,233,374; 1,244,107; 1,244, 
108; 1,244,347; 1,244,348; 1,244,349; 
1,245,476 1,292,819; 1,319,229; 1,353, 
384; 1,386,576; 1,394,505; 1,405,449; 
1,405,487; 1,411,708; 1,418,413; 1,429,- 
153; 1,429,169; 1,429,188: 1,430,020; 
1,431,905; 1,432,373; 1,434,426; 1,434,- 
432: 1,434,465; 1,437,792: 1,441,181; 
1,444,331; 1,444,406; 1,450,714; 1,450, 
715; 1,450,716; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 
1,460,690; 1,464,169; 1,464,170; 1,467,- 
071; 1,467,091; 1,467,092; 1,467,093; 
1,467,094; 1,467,095; 1,467,096; 1,467,- 
097; 1,467,098; 1,467,099; 1,467,100; 
1,467,101; 1,467,102; 1,467,103; 1,467,- 
104; 1,467,105; 1,468,820; 1,469,812; 
1,469,816; 1,469,825; 1,469,826; 1,460,- 
097; 1,469,862; 1,469,863; 1,473,217; 
1,473,218; 1,473,219; 1,479,955; 1,488, 
608; 1,493,207; 1,493,209; 1,493,210; 
1,494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,- 
472; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475: 
1,494,476; 1,500,366; 1,501,206; 1,508,- 
928; 1,518,417; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 
1,530,987; 1,534,651; 1,538,858; 1,538,- 
860; 1,538,861; 1,538,862; 1,548,932; 
1,548,933 ; 1,552,793; 1,552,794; 1,552, 
795; 1,552,796; 1,552,797; 1,552,798; 
1,552,799; 1,552,800; 1,552,801; 1,552,- 
802; 1,552,803; 1,552,804; 1,552,805; 
1,552,806; 1,552,808; 1,562,386; 1,564,- 
664; 1,575,778; 1,583,709; 1,608,743; 
1,620,977 ; 1,630,752; 1,633,067; 1,641,- 
529; 1,651,578. 

Eng. Pat. 6608—1910; 10,794—1910; 
6387—1913; 127,678—1917; 133,353— 
1918; 1382,283—1918; 154,384—1919; 
156,095—1919; 164,384—1919; 164,385 
—1919; 164,386—1919; 156,096— 
1920; 179,208—1920; 236,190—1925; 
230,663—1925 ; 237,900—1925 ; 243,614. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264; 440,955; 521,370; 521,- 
476; 562,667; 597,132. 

D.RP. 128,120. 

Aust. P. 9557. 


Tricresylphosphate, halogen derivatives 
of—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. 


o-Tricresyl phosphate—US.P. 1,140,174; 
1,217,123. 
Eng. Pat. 28,210—1912. 
Fr. Pat. 456,261. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 

Tricresyl thiophosphate—U.S.P. 733,110. 
Eng. Pat, 4883—1902; 156,096—1920. 
D.R.P. 140,164. 

Tricresylthiophosphate, halogen deriva- 

tives of—Eng. Pat. 156,096—1920. 

Triethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. 

Triethylidene mannit—US.P. 996,191. 

Triisobutyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. 

Trimethyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. 

Trinaphthylcarbonate—U.S.P. 700,884. - 

Trinaphthyl phosphate—U.S.P. 700,885; 

1,440,178. 
Eng. Pat. 6608—1910. 
Fr, Pat. 482,264. 
D.R.P. 128,120. 
Aust P. 9557. 
Trinaphthyl thiophosphate—D.R.P. 140,- 
164. 
Trinitrocellulose—Eng. 
1910. 
Trinitrochlormethane—D.R.P. 206,471. 
Trinitro-methyl phenol (tri-nitroanisol) 
—U.S.P. 951,445; 974,900. . 
Tri-nitrophenetol—U.S.P. 974,900. 
Trional (diethylsulfon-methylethylmeth- 
ane) —U.S.P. 572,135. 

Trioxyacetophenon—U.S.P. 598,649. 

Trioxybenzophenone—U.8.P. 598,649. 

Trioxymethylene—FYr. Pat. 587,133. 

Triphenyl phosphate—U.S.P. 700,885; 1,- 

027,619; 1,041,113; 1,041,115; 1,041,-— 
116: 1,041,117; 1,041,118; 1,045,990; 
1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,128,468; 1,133,- 
385; 1,143,979; 1,181,860 1,188,356; 
1,188,797 ; 1,188,799; 1,188,800; 1,193,- 
178; 1,199,798; 1,199,799; 1,203,756; 
1,217,027 1,226,340; 1,226,342; 1,226,- 
343; 1,229,486; 1,229,487; 1,233,374; 
1,242,783; 1,244,107; 1,244,108; 1,244,- 
347; 1,244,349; 1,245,476; 1,265,217; 
1,292,819; 1,298,199; 1,809,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,315,216; 1,319,229; 1,353,384; 
1,354,725; 1,854,726; 1,363,763; 1,379,- 
596; 1,386,576; 1,388,472; 1,394,505; 
1,394,890; 1,405,449; 1,405,487; 1,408,- 
095; 1,411,708; 1,418,413; 1,429,153; 
1,429,169; 1,429,188; 1,430,020; 1,431,- 
905; 1,482,873; 1,434,426; 1,434,432; 
1,434,465; 1,437,792; 1,440,006; 1,440,- 
178; 1,441,181; 1,444,331; 1,444,406; 


Pat. 14,293— 


302 


1,450,714; 1,450,715; 1,450,716; 1,453,- 
764; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 
1,458,505; 1,460,690; 1,462,806; 1,464,- 
169; 1,464,170; 1,467,071; 1,467,091; 
1,467,092; 1,467,093; 1,467,094; 1,467,- 
095; 1,467,096; 1,467,097; 1,467,098; 
1,467,099; 1,467,100; 1,467,101; 1,467,- 
102; 1,467,103; 1,467,104; 1,467,105; 
1,468,820; 1,469,812; 1,469,816; 1,469,- 
825; 1,469,826; 1,460,097; 1,469,862; 
1,469,863; 1,473,217; 1,473,218; 1,473,- 
219; 1,479,955; 1,488,294; 1,494,469; 
1,494,470; 1,494,471; 1,494,472; 1,494,- 
473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 1,494,476; 
1,500,366 ; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,518,- 
417; 1,528,291; 1,529,056; 1,530,987; 
1,536,052; 1,538,859; 1,538,860; 1,538,- 
861; 1,548,932; 1,548,933; 1,552,793; 
1,552,794; 1,552,795; 1,552,796; 1,552,- 
797; 1,552,798; 1,552,799; 1,552,800; 
1,552,801; 1,552,802; 1,552,803; 1,552,- 
804; 1,552,805; 1,552,806; 1,552,808; 
1,562,386; 1,564,664; 1,583,709; 1,590,- 
156; 1,607,090; 1,608,748; 1,620,977. 

Eng. Pat. 8072—1901; 6608—1910; 10,- 
794—1910; 10,795—1910; 12,804— 
1913; 124515—1916; 127,678—1917; 
133,353—1918; 131,669—1918; 132,283 
—1918; 138,379—1918; 154,157— 
1919; 154,884—1919; 164,3884—1919; 
164,385—1919; 164,3886—1919; 179, 
208—1920; 206,770—1923; 209,727— 
1923; 2387,900—1925; 277,627. 

Can. Pat. 175,107; 198,265. 

Fr, Pat.) "8128175. 416,517; 415 Biss 
432,264; 440,955; 482,239; 498,949; 
501,700; 521,370; 521,476; 597,132. 

D.R.P. 128,120; 162,239; 263,056; 303,- 
018; 319,723. 

Aust. P. 9557: 

Triphenyl thiophosphate—D.R.P. 
164. 

Tripropyl citrate—U.S.P. 568,105. 

“Troocher”—Fr. Pat. 372,018. 

Tungsten—US.P. 1,196,144. 

Tungstic acid—Eng. Pat. 7899—1914. 

Turkey red oil—U.S.P. 1,217,123; 1,608,- 
743. 

See also oil, castor sulphonated. 
Turnbull’s blue—U.S.P. 1,521,056. 
Turpene, hydrochlorinated—U.S.P. 596,- 

662. 


140,- 


Terpene hydrocarbons, oxidized—Fr. 
Pat. 393,310. 


Turpentine—U.S.P. 35,687; 102,798; 251,- 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


410; 495,263; 502,921; 507,749; 555,- 
596; 578,714; 651,364; 756,176; 
841,509; 909,288; 1,124,012; 1,823,792; 
1,431,455; 1,469,816. 

Eng. Pat. 1866—1879; 33—1883; 5791— 
1887; 17,747—1894; 12,693—1896; 
7676—1900; 20,874—1900; 7088— 
1902;  5280—1904; 18,268—1914; 
140—1915; 127,678—1917. 

Fr. Pat. 319,724; 342,464; 424,820. 

D.R.P. 10,210; 86,740; 188,822. 

Jap. P. 37,972. 

Turpentine chloride—Fr. Pat. 322,506. 

Turpentine, oil of—U.S.P. 1,175,791; 1,- 
217,027; 1,563,205. 

Eng. Pat. 7784—1893. 

Fr. Pat. 363,592; 429,166; 435,417. 

Turpentine, polymerized oil of—US.P. 
881,827. 

Turpentine, Russian—U.S.P. 1,021,569. 

Turpentine, spirits of—US.P. 18,338; 
262,077; 381,354; 434,330; 471,422; 
518,388; 928,235. 

Eng. Pat. 12,684—1890. 

Fr. Pat. 184,548; 472,423. 

Aust. Pat. 17 684. 

Turpentine and sulfuric acid, polymer- 
ization products of—Eng. Pat. 13,- 
023—1907. 

Fr. Pat. 376,269. 

Turpentine, venetian—U.S.P. 
112,370; 695,127; 951,582. 

Eng. Pat. 1208—1871; 466—1883; 4577 
—1906. 

Fr. Pat. 477,294. 


102,798 ; 


Ulexite—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 
Ultramarine—US.P. 1,196,144. 
Eng. Pat. 131,641—1918. 
Fr. Pat. 387,791. 
Ultra violet rays, effect of on solubuies 
of nitrocellulose—US.P. 1,397,915. 
Undercoating compositions—U.S P. 1,- 
425,510. 
Unona selanica—U.S.P. 894,108. 
Eng. Pat. 11,397—1907. 
Fr. Pat. 368,004. 
Uranium—US.P. 1,196,144. 
Urea—U.S.P. 514,838; 1,027,619; 1,045,- 
990; 1,050,065; 1,067,785; 1,133,385; 
1,199,798; 1,245,476; 1,309,980; 1,309,- 
981; 1,315,216; 1,319,229; 1,360,759; 
1,386,576; 1,394,890; 1,408,095; 1,456,- 
782; 1,529,056; 1,538,861. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 3853 


Eng. Pat. 22,384—1893; 10,795—1910; 
179,208—1920; 243,722. 
Fr. Pat. 415,518; 530,440. 
D.R.P. 263,056; 312,392. 
Urea acetate—U.S.P. 589,870. 
Fr. Pat. 328,658. 

Urea, aliphatic derivatives of—Eng. Pat. 
133,353—1918; 164,884—1919; 164,386 
—1919; 243,722. 

D.R.P. 178,133. 

Urea salts of benzoic acid—U.S.P. 617,- 
450. 

Urea butyrate—U.S.P. 589,870. 

Ureas, compound—Fr. Pat. 364,604. 

Urea, condensation products of—D.R.P. 
404,024. 

Urea, diethyldiphenyl—U.S.P. 831,488. 

Urea formate—US.P. 589,870. 

Urea, mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl—U.S.P. 
1,353,385; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,- 
961; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,528,291; 
1,530,987. 

Fr, Pat. 521,370. 
Eng. Pat. 132,2883—1918; 154,334—1919. 

Urea, mono-, di-, and _ tri-methyl— 
U.S.P. 1,353,385; 1,454,959; 1,454,960; 
1,454,961 ; 1,501,206; 1,508,928; 1,528,- 
291; 1,530,987. 

Eng. Pat. 132,283—1918; 154,334—1919; 
179,208—1920. 
Fr, Pat. 521,370. 

Urea salts of naphthoic acid—U SP. 
617,450. 

Urea propionate—U'S.P. 589,870. 

Urea salts of salicylic acid—US.P. 617,- 
450. 

Ureas, substituted—U.S.P. 1,303,115; 1,- 
310,489. 

Eng. Pat. 20,037—1906; 21,493—1906; 
155,778—1920; 164,385—1919. 
D.R.P. 191,454. 

Urea sulphate—U.S.P. 593,787. 

Ureas, sulpho—Eng. Pat. 21,493—1906. 

Urea, tetraphenyl—US.P. 831,488. 

Urea, thio or halogen derivatives of— 
Eng. Pat. 155,778—1920. 

D.R.P. 191,454. 
Urea valerate—U.S.P. 589,870. 


Urethanes—U'S.P. 1,803,115; 1,310,489; 
1,348,741. 
Eng. Pat. 131,389—1918. 
D.R.P. 312,392. 


Valeraldehyde, dichlor—U.S.P. 372,100. 
Valeraldehyde, monochlor—U.S.P. 372,- 
100. 
Iscvaleric aldehyde—US.P. 410,206. 
Valeric ether—U.S.P. 269,340. 
Valeron—U.S.P. 470,451; 595,355. 
Vanadium—US.P. 1,196,144. 
Vanillin—U.8.P. 697,790. 
Eng. Pat. 8063—1901. 
Can. Pat. 78,060. 
Varnish, copal—Eng. Pat. 5413—1886. 
Varnish, dammar—U.S.P. 1,419,258. 
Varnish, French—U.S.P. 1,452,219. 
Varnish—lake—Eng. Pat. 246,447. 
Varnish, mastic—Eng. Pat. 130,896— 
1919. 
Varnish, non-inflammable—Fr. Pat. 521,- 
476. 
Varnish, resin—U.S.P. 463,039; 490,195; 
805,466. 
Eng. Pat. 19,456—1891. 
Varnish, spirit—U.S.P. 104,241. 
Eng. Pat. 1057—1863; 2802—1873; 
4195—1874; 21,455—1893. 
Varnish, white shellac—Eng. Pat. 104,- 
742—1916; 209,633—1923. 
Vaseline—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 
Vaseline oil—U.S.P. 1,217,027. 
Eng. Pat. 11,927—1898. 
Fr, Pat. 421,848. 
Vegetable acids—U.S.P. 1,464,949. 
Vegetable black—Eng. Pat. 134,899— 
1918. 
Vegetable essences—Fr. Pat. 422,819. 
Vegetable, gum—U.8.P. 893,987. 
Vegetable matter—Eng. Pat. 2249—1860; 
21 ,455—1893. 
Vegetable powders—U.S.P. 1,185,074. 
Velvet, coating to make dustproof—Fr. 
Pat. 459,048. 
Veratrol—U.S.P. 1,181,859. 
Victoria blue—U.S.P. 1,181,858. 
Vinylique ethers, polymerization prod- 
ucts of—Fr. Pat. 474,086. 
Viscose—U.S.P. 1,400,196; 1,464,949. 
Eng. Pat. 1878—1912; 8283—1913. 
ID.RP? 312.392; 
Aust. Pat. 61,055. 


Viscosity, preservation of—Eng. Pat. 
129,033—1917; 136,927—1919; 200,- 
186—1922. 


Fr. Pat. 499,703. 
Viscosity, increasing—Fr. Pat. 418,347. 
Viscosity, reduction of—U.S.P. 1,375,208; 
1,400,430; 1,411,669; 1,439,656; 1,- 


354 


494,469; 1,494,470; 1,494,472; 1,494,- 
471; 1,494,473; 1,494,474; 1,494,475; 
1,494,476; 1,535,438; 1,548,938; 1,553,- 
494; 1,553,495; 1,564,689; 1,588,089; 
1,598,949; 1,598,972; 1,633,292; 1,635,- 
013; 1,636,319; 1,648,509; 1,652,587. 
Eng. Pat. 128,659—1917; 136,141—1918; 
177 5386—1922; 194,727. 
Fr. Pat. 454,379; 505,438. 
Viscosity, variation of plasticizer with— 
Eng. Pat. 114,304—1917. 
Visibility of aeroplanes, reducing—Eng. 
Pat. 131,369—1918. 
Vivianite—U.S.P. 1,534,651. 


Walls, coating porous—Fr. Pat. 466,911. 

Walls and wall paper, lacquer for— 
US.P. 340,026. 

Eng. Pat. 4668—1885. 

Walls, water proof coating for—Eng. 
Pat. 26079—1913. 

Washable surface, imparting to linen— 
Eng. Pat. 23,547—1909; 7899—1914. 

Fr. Pat. 381,195. 

D.R.P. 241,820; 242,786. 

Water—U.S.P. 107,977; 1,105,619; 1,140,- 
174; 1,175,791; 1,188,797; 1,199,395; 
1,226,339; 1,226,341; 1,415,059; 1,425,- 
173; 1,431,900; 1,652,587. 

Eng. Pat. 24,214—1907; 19,735—1908; 
3559—1910; 12,091—1915; 127,027— 
1917; 154,157—1919; 156,095—1919; 
164,374—1919; 164,377—1919; 138,- 
078—1920; 246,272. 

Fr. Pat. 319,542; 319,926; 372,018; 377,- 
039; 393,963; 424,820; 429,166; 519,- 
536. 

D.R.P. 210,519; 211,520; 240,188; 254,- 
385; 265,911; 281,874; 314,317; 
383,699; 406,426. 

Aust. P. 61,055. 

Water, making films impervious to—Fr. 
Pat. 475,351. 

Water glass—Eng. Pat. 13,189—1894. 

D.R.P. 357,484. 

Waterproofing composition—U.S.P. 35,- 
687; 112,370; 158,188; 311,203; 578,- 
714; 587,096; 603,001; 612,066; 
612,067; 612,553; 615,319; 622,727; 
697,790; 861,435; 874,879; 1,131,929; 
1,133,062; 1,165,179; 1,263,186; 1,355,- 
586; 1,382,077; 1,392,040; 1,431,455; 
1,481,845; 1,481,485. 


Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 1125—1856; 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


1208—1871; 3345—1891; 2568—1896; 
17,602—1897 ; 8063—1901 ; 592—1907; 
22,528—1907; 28,7483—1908; 1799— 
1909; 11,340—1909; 24,006—1909; 
18,607—1910; 4253—1911; 16,810— 
1911; 17,155—1912; 21,081—1912; 
26,079—1913; 140—1915; 106,375— 
1916; 129,630—1918; 155,778—1920. 

Can. Pat. 78,060. 

Fr. Pat. 422,763; 433,012. 

D.R.P. 180,489; 241,781; 253,984; 319,- 
723; 336,476; 347,014. 

Aust. P. 3034/13. 

Jap. P. 37,972. 

See also Wood, waterproofing compo- 
sition for. 

Wavellite—U.S.P. 1,534,651; . 

Wax—uUS.P. 88,948; 91,377; 97,454; 417,- 
284; 893,987; 904,269 +) PMT OAs 
1,366,256; 1,563,205; 1,594,525. 

Eng. Pat. 3102—1869; 3984—1868; 27,- 
534—1897 ; 20,874—1900; 5072—1906; 
23,547—1909; 21,719—1910; 16,940— 
1913; 714—1914; 3370—1914; 128, 
974—1917; 122,679—1918; 275,747. 

Fr, Pat. 339,654; 476,991. 

D.R.P. 266,384. 

Wax (bees)—U.S.P. 1,217,027; 1,366,256; 
1,623,035. 
Eng. Pat. 128,974—1917. 


Wax, Japan—US.P. 1,217,027; 1,594,525. 


Eng. Pat. 244,543. 

Wheat flour—US.P. 904,269. 

Wheel rims, lacquer for—Eng. Pat. 18,- 
268—1914. 

White (Chinese)—U.S.P. 1,419,258. 

White lead—U.S.P. 1,406,498. 

Eng. Pat. 8126—1914; 148,117—1920. 
Fr, Pat. 520,404. 

White spirit—Eng. Pat. 254,041. 

Whiting—Eng. Pat. 148,117—1920. 

Wine, spirits of—U.S.P. 265,337. 

Eng. Pat. 1865—1879. 
Fr. Pat. 132,495. 

Wires, insulating telegraph—US.P. 91,- 
378; 91,393; 101,175; 284,970; 375,- 
952; 461,272; 695,127; 1,025,217. 

Eng. Pat. 2249—1860. 

Wood alcohol, oxidized—U.S.P. 269,340. 

Wood, enamel for—Eng. Pat. 15,1912— 
1905; 24,587—1906; 13878—1912. 

Fr. Pat. 356,444. 

W 00d-filling—US.P. 160,010; 953,621. 

Wood flour—US.P. 999,490. 

Wood naphtha—U.S.P. 265,337; 269,342. 


INDEX OF MATERIALS NAMED IN PATENTS CITED 355 


Eng. Pat. 2675—1864; 1125—1856; 714 
—1914; 1865—1879. 

Fr. Pat. 182,495. 

Wood pulp—Eng. Pat. 22,528—1907. 
Wood sizing—U.8.P. 160,010. 
Wood spirits—U.S.P. 470,451. 

Eng. Pat. 745—1855; 18,383—1905; 
3450—1906; 26,079—1913; 205,446— 
1923. 

Fr. Pat. 416,843. See also Methyl al- 
cohol. 

Wood stain—U.S.P. 953,621. 

Wood tar oil distillates—U.S.P. 1,590,- 
156. 

Wood, waterproofing composition for— 
USP. 112,370; 490,195. 

Eng. Pat. 2359—1855; 1208—1871; 6051 
—1884: 10,108—1896; 20,874—1900; 
24,955—1902; 18,076—1910; 131,911— 
1919; 131,916—1919. 

Can. Pat. 100,547. 

D.R.P. 17,089; 241,781. 

Wool, coating—Eng. Pat. 20,092—1899. 

D.R.P. 241,781. 


Xylene alkyl sulfonamids—Eng. Pat. 
179,208—1920. 

Xylene diethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- 
Atte ; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,530,- 
987. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Xylene dimethyl monoethyl sulfonamids 
US.P. 1,353,384. 

Xylene dimethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 1,- 
353,384. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Xylene, methyl, ethyl and amy] sulfones 
of—D.R.P. 366,116. 

Xylene methyl ethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 
1,454,959; 1,454,960; 1,454,961; 1,530,- 
987. 

Eng. Pat. 154,334—1919. 

Xylene mono-ethyl sulfonamid—U.S.P. 
1,466,819. . 
Xylene monomethyl sulfonamid—US.P. 

1,353,384. 

Xylene - o - monomethyl 
USP. 1,528,291. 
Xylene sulfonamids—Eng. Pat. 132,283— 

1918. 

Xylenes, nitro—US.P. 1,306,440. 

Xylidin, secondary—Eng. Pat. 156,095— 
1919. 


sulfonamid — 


Xyloidine—U.S.P. 91,377; 91,378; 97,454; 
101,175. 
Eng. Pat, 3984—1868; 3102—1869. 
Xylol—U.S.P. 1,195,673; 1,217,027; 1,- 
323,624; 1,398,239; 1,411,677; 1,431,- 
905; 1,487,170; 1,489,656; 1,458,256; 
1,469,816; 1,529,056; 1,533,616; 1,562,- 
383; 1,562,385; 1,562,387; 1,563,205; 
1,618,481: 1,618,482; 1,618,483; 1,618,- 
484; 1,629,999; U.S.R.I. 16,803. 

Eng. Pat. 25,182—1913; 158,586—1919; 
194,727; 236,190—1925; 250,894; 254,- 
041; 256,229. 

Can. Pat. 260,927; 262,784. 

Fr. Pat. 432,264; 600,178. 

D.R.P. 314,317; 336,476. 

Swiss P. 67,708. 

Xylol, alkylated or halogenated deriva- 
tives of—U.S.P. 1,469,816. 

Xylonite—Eng. Pat. 17,012—1890. 

Xylonite, solvent of—Eng. Pat. 1356— 
1898; 130,896—1919. 

Xylyl acetate—D.R.P. 353,233. 

Xylyl chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. 

p-Xylylene chloride—D.R.P. 336,476. 


Yarn, metallizing—Fr. Pat. 452,727. 

Yeast—U.S.P. 1,317,721. 

Yellow ochre—Eng. Pat. 134,899—1918; 
131,641—1918. 


Zanzibar gum—U.S.P. 1,583,703. 

Zapon lac—Fr, Pat. 424,820. 

Zapon varnishes—D.R.P. 281,373. 

Zinc acetate—U.S.P. 1,636,319. 

Zinc antomoniate—U.S.P. 1,538,860. 
Zine butyl phthalate—Can. Pat. 260,927. 
Zinc chlorate—U.S.P. 612,066. 

Zinc chloride—U.S.P. 612,066; 627,296; 
1,140,174; 1,217,123; 1,400,430. . 
Eng. Pat. 21,485—1892; 11,927—1898 ; 

3450—1906; 4890—1908; 1799—1909; 
1799—1910; 7418—1913; 128,659— 
1917; 179,234—1921. 
Fr. Pat. 455,811; 347,303; 351,555; 374,- 
395. 
D.R.P. 93,009; 241,781; 255,704; 238,- 
361; 256,922; 268,627; 281,374. 
Aust. P. 61,055. 
Zinc chloride, basic—Eng. Pat. 3072— 
1882. 
Zinc iodide—U.S.P.. 612,066. 
Zinc metal—U.S.P. 1,652,587. 


356 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Zine oxide—U.S.P. 294,557 ; 329,313; 597,- 
144° (774,713: > 861.435; “1201187 - 
1,310,841; 1,329,386; 1,431,455; 1,464,- 
949; 1,521,056; 1,529,056; 1.594,521; 
1,618,481; 1,618,482; 1,639,080. 

Eng. Pat. 491—1885; 21,485—1892; 
124,763—1916; 131,641—1918; 236,190 
—1925; 250,894. 

Can. Pat. 110,622. 

Fr. Pat. 456,729; 470,726. 

D.R.P. 260,915. 

Zinc oxychloride—U.S.P, 1,534,651. 

Eng. Pat. 3072—1882. 

Zinc resinates—U.S.P. 1,410,790. 

Zinc resinoleate—Fr. Pat. 374,395. 


Zinc stearate—U.S.P. 1,608,743. 
Zinc sulphide—Eng. Pat. 14,293—1910. 
Zinc sulphates—US.P. 149,216. 
D.R.P. 260,915. 
Aust. P. 27,202 
Zinc white—U.S.P. 149,216; 999,490; 
1,015,156; 1,147,066; 1,185,074; 1,452,- 
219; 1,453,764. 

Eng. Pat. 10,103—1896; 7975—1897; 
8618—1908; 18,189—1910; 8126— 
1914. 

Fr. Pat. 418,744; 469,872. 

Aust. P. 47,899. 

Swiss P. 47,559; 51,952. 

Zirconium—US8.P. 1,196,144. 


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INDEX OF AUTHORS OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 
CUM OD, 


Abbott, W. G., 76 

Ach, Lorenz, 53 

Ackard, J., 205 

Adams & Elting Co., 50 

Adler, J., 64 

Ago Lederkitt Industrie Ges., 209, 231 

Ahrle, H., 64, 156 

Akester, W. H., 32 

Aktien Gesellschaft fiir Anilin Fabrika- 
tion, 66, 149, 162, 163, 194, 210, 211, 222, 
224, 243, 245 

Aleo Deo Co., 99 

Alderman, E. T., 122 

Alexander, A. E., 165 

Alexander, W., 86 

Alford, E. C., 259 

Allaire, H., 152, 199, 225 

Allemann, O., 65 

Alpe, R. J., 164 . 

Alsee, J. C., 269, 273, 275 

Amen, N. C., 133, 183 

Amend, O. P., 30 

American Can Co., 114 

American Cellone Co., 85, 95 

American Cellulose and Chemical Manu- 
facturing Co., 85, 117 

American Zylonite Co., 29, 30, 31 

Anders, G. L., 141 

Andres, L. E., 249, 254 

Annison, F. G., 42 

Annison, R. H., 150 

Arbezcarme, L., 197 

Arent, A., 89, 102, 170, 171 

Arent, Laboratories A., 102 

Arlington Manufacturing Co., 36, 41 

Armstrong, M. S., 274 

Arnold, C. E., 69, 75, 150, 187 

Arosio, M., 85, 170 

Arsem, W. C., 250 

Assadas, S., 152, 198, 199 

Asselot, M. E., 144 

Asser, E., 234, 235 

Athol Manufacturing Co., 90, 91 

Atlas Powder Co., 88, 91, 116, 122, 125, 
129, 130, 131, 135, 180, 189 

Atsuki, K., 257, 262, 263 

Aurynger, J. J., 113 

Austerweil, G., 243 

Authes, M., 152 

Axtell, F., 35, 39, 42 

Aylsworth, J. W., 49, 52, 61 


Babcock, J., 25 

Babis, H. A., 82, 89 

Bachrach, C., 47 

Bachrach, David, 23, 44 

Bacigalupi, A. E., 157 

Backhaus, A., 99 

Bacon, G. C., 91, 122 

Bader, W., 117 

Badische Anilin u Soda Fabrik, 65, 70, 
126, 150, 159, 160, 164, 172, 182, 196, 
197, 208, 210, 222, 223; 224° 220 230. 
ae 232, 235, 239, 241, 248, 244, 245, 
48 

Baer, S8., 130 

Bainbridge, B. G., 185 

Bainbridge, E. F., 261 

Baker, B. D., 164, 179 

Baker, F., 60, 61, 77, 78, 82, 163, 210, 252 

Baker, T., 169 

Baldwin, G., 263 

Balke, P., 108, 172 

Balle, G., 238 

Barnwell, S., 136 

Barr, A. J. A. W., 169 

Barrett, M, J. P., 255 

Barton, L. E., 87 

Bary, P., 267 

Basler, J. & Cie, 224 

Beadle, G. W., 65 

Bearn, J. G., 249 

Beatty, W. A., 65, 67, 160, 162, 186, 209, 
242 

Beau, H., 192 

Beausejour, R. A., 124 

Beck, A. and J. Nicholson & Sons, 171 

Becker, T., 46, 53 

Beegle, F. M., 269, 273 

Behal, A., 48, 149, 195 

Belli. Bs 212 

Bell, M. G., 274 

Belnisch, H., 231 

Bendix, J., 148, 194 

Benger, E. B., 254 

Benjinger, O. L., 198 

Bennett, S., 39, 144 

Benrath, P., 57 

Bentley, H. A., 44 

Benzinger, O. L., 151 

Berard, P. H. G., 136 

Berend, L., 51, 228 

Best, T. F., 189 


357 


308 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Bethisy, L. L., 50, 145, 151, 194, 195, 197, 

Bevan, E. J., 148, 219 

Bindewald, H., 149, 186, 196 

Bing, L., 236 

Bittner, C., 272 

Bittner, H., 145 

Blackmore, H. S8., 186 

Bladen, W. C., 55 

Blake, D., 23, 1387 

Blanchin, A., 196 

Blitz, A. B., 147 

Blochmann, R., 263 

Blum, J., 199 

Bock, L., 262 

Boehringer, C. F. & Soehne, 53, 226 

Bogin, C., 17, 126, 138, 184, 189, 257, 273 

Bohan, F. J., 115 

Bohmer, L., 231 

Bondet, ay 197 

Bonnaud, J. B. ee 45, 147, 186, 224, 241 

Bonner, W dies 

Bonwitt, G., he 215, 234 

Booge, ., E,, 94, 188 

Borgmeyer, C. Fe 34, 35 

Borzykowski, B., 157 

Bradford Dyers’ Association, Ltd., 48, 
149, 195, 226 

Branchen, L. F., 125 

Bredel, H., 257 

Bregeat, J. H., 179, 216 

Bregeut, M. A., 262 

Breguet, A., 277 

Brendel, H., 257 

Bretean, P., 201 

Bridgman, J. A., 273 

Brifco, Ltd., 178 

Briggs, J. F., 227 

Briggs, O. H., 254, 256 

British Aeroplane Varnish Co., 168 

British & Continental Camphor Co., 
Ltd., 205 

British Cellulose & Chemical Manu- 
facturing Co., 169, 172, 175, 176, 177 

British Emaillite Co., 77, 167, 168, 214 

British Patent Surfrite Co., 163 

British. Thompson-Houston Co., 147 

British Zylonite Co., 147 

Britton, B. F., 137 

Britton, H. T. §., 272 

Bronnert, E., 39, 56, 65, 144 

Brown, A. F., 260, 263, 269 

Brown, B. K., 17, 126, 133, 189, 257, 258, 
263, 273 

Brown, H. E., 96 

Bruckner, W., 153, 155, 227, 228 

Bryce, J. A., 167 

Buchstab, zB. G., 201, 226 

Bume, F., 225 

Buote, F. A., 125 

Burke, ©. 1:27, dak 

Bussy, L., 145 


Byrnes, C. P., 183 
Byron, M. L., 263 


Cadoret, F., 142 

Calbeck, J., HL, 273 

Callan, John, 23, 45 

Callenberg, E., 193 

Callon, J. G., 147 

Calvert, R., 260 

Camnitzer, A., 44 

Campion, P., 126, 127, 130 

Canada British Syndicate Ltd., 181 

Canadian Explosive Ltd., 190 

Carbide and Carbon Chemical Corp., 
129, 183, 182, 189, 190, 217 

Carle, E. J. Ve 219 

Carls, H., 229, "244 

Carlson, L. W., 259 

Carlsson, O., ei: 171, 214 

Carpenter, W. 27 

Carroll, S. J., a 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 
99, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, "107, 
108, 110, 113, 119, 124, 125, 131, 132 

Carter, RM, 

Carver, BE. "261 

Carver, W. L. 254, 255, 263 

Cathelineau, a 149, 195, 196 

Cattaert, P. A., 208 

Cello Products Corp., 189 

Cellon, Ltd., 166, 168, 215 

Celluloid Co., 
42, 43, 45, 52, 56, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 63, 
64, 68, 69, 70, ii, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 
_ 88, 89, 96, 108, 111, 114, 117, 118, 129, 
130, 131, 187, 913, 229, 230 

Celluloid Manufacturing Co., 27, 28, 29 
32, 35 

Celluloid Varnish Co., 31 

Cellulose Products Co., 44 

Chalmers, H. B., 62 

Chambers, Ee H., 168 

Chaplet, ie 252 

Chapman, A. W., 253 

Charuel, Y., 211 

Chase, H. A. 254, 257, 259 

Chaubert, " 146 

Chemical Development Co., 78, 93 

Chemical Products Co., 52, 57, 62, 68 

Chem. Fabrik, Buckau, Abteilung Du- 
bois & Kaufmann, 231 


, 


Chemische Fabrik Greisheim Elektron, 


154, 161, 201, 212, 226, 232, 236 
Chem. Fabr. Von Heyden, 173, 232, 233 


Chem. Fab. Kalk. GmbH., 238, 246 

Sea Fabrik Schwalbach Akt -Ges., 

Chemische Werke Vorm. Dr. H. Byk, 
162, 211, 238, 246 


, 


. Childs, J., 136 


Claasen, W., 239 


yo = le eee 


33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 


AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 


Claessen, C. H., 52, 150, 151, 163, 173, 
196, 222, 223, 224 241 

Clancy, J. C., 100, 188, 216 

' Clarac, J. V., 208 

Clarke, H. T., 78, 79, 85, 87, 90, 91, 92, 
101, 118, 119 

Classen, W., 180 

Claus, C. F., 138 

Cleary, W. D., 264 

Clegg, J., 86 

Clement, E. F., 155 

Clement, L. E., 66, 188, 189, 210, 213, 214, 
217, 252, 268 

Cleminson Electric Lamp Attachment 
Co., 149 

Clewell, J. H. Jr., 134 

Closmann, E. A., 49, 152, 186 

Clough, W. W., 110 

Clouth, F., 234 

Coblenz, A., 252 

Cochrane, J. R., 269 

Coffignier, C., 257 

Colingaert, G., 255 

Collardon, L., 48, 61 

Columbia Graphophone Co., 177 

Combs, H., 88 

Commercial Products-Co., 51, 153, 200 

Commercial Solvents Corp., 125, 126, 
133, 1384, 189 

Commonwealth Chemical Corp., 87 

Compagnie Francaise du Celluloid, 193, 
205, 208 

Compagnie Generale de Chromolithie, 
139, 218 

Compagnie Generale de Phonographes, 
Cinematographe et Appareils de Pre- 
cision, 60, 245 

Compagnie Generale des Etablissements 
Pathe Freres Phonographe et Cine- 
matographe, 164 

Compagnie Parisienne de Couleur D’An- 
ilin, 191 

Conde, G. E., 256 

Condensite Co. of America, 61 

Connor, Dan A., 24 

Convert, G., 204 

Cook; R. M., 271 

Coolahan, R. A., 258 

Cooper, J. K., 255 

Cooper Hewitt Electric Co., 67 

’ Cornides, L., 136 

Covell, G. E., 264 

Cowan, J., 275 

Cowan, R., 264 

Crane, E., 25 

Crane, F., 140, 141, 142 

Crepy, R., 209 

Criquebeuf, G. E., 163, 211 

Crockett, C. W., 99 

romer..1., 270 

Cross, C. F., 143, 219, 227 


’ Deyes, H. W.. 145, be 
> Dom) B,,) 38° 2.2502 232 


309 


Cross, D., 78, 79 
Crossmann, L., 95 
Crozat, W., 137 
Cumbers, F., 169 
Cunliffe, W., 138 
Cunningham, C. L., 123 
Cunningham, R., 26 
Cutter, A., 152 

Cutter, W., 142 


Dabisch, H., 274 

Daly, J. A., 44, 148 

Dam, W. J. van, 161 

Damm, E., 57 

Dannhauser, E., 209 

Danowich, O., 178 

Danzer, H., 60, 159, 208 

David, J., 151 

Davidson, D., 271, 274 

Davidson, J. G., 13, 129, 133, 182, 189, 
190, 264, 274, 275 

Davies, G. L., 167 

Davis, A. B., 132 

Day vdP BY 272 

Dean, S. W., Jr., 264 

Debauge & Cie., 203 

Debard, P., 199 

De Bercegol, R. C. M., 204 

De Briailles, G. C., 203 

Degorce, L. L., 198 

Degraide, E., 142 

De Haén Chemische Fabrik “List” G. 
ret, oes Gee VAL) 

De Montlord, G. R., 51 

De Pont, B. S., 145 

De’Sperati, M., 269 

Denham, A. F., 269 

Denny, H. W., 271 

Deschiens, M., 261, 268, 271, 272, 273 

Desvaux, L., 152, 199, 209, 225 

Deutsche Celluloid Fabrik, 147, 220, 241 

Deutsche-Sprengstoff Actien Ges., 114 

Dick Co., A. B., 126, 127, 128, 130, 132 

Dickie, W. A., 117 

Didier, T., 149, 194 

Diesser, G. G., 53 

Disbury, A..J., 177 

Ditmar, R., 262, 274 

Dittmar, H., 157, 230 

Dockree, R. D., 153 

Doerflinger, W. F., 49, 53, 79, 80, 83, 
158, 205, 228 

Donohue, John M., 89, 98, 104, 109, 110, 
115, 119, 120, 121 

Dorn, Ch., 15, 254 

Dorr, 1...,°.26 

Dosselman, G., 50 

Douque, A., 154, 200 


Diow, FB. 89 


od 


360 


Dow Chemical Co., 82, 91, 92, 110 

Drew, S., 264 

Dreyfus, C., 167, 179, 215 

Dreyfus, H., 66, 74, 82, 84, 86, 90, 
102, 103, 105, 113, 114, 116, 166, 
170, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 
207, 210, 214, 215, 216, 245 

Drinker, P., 253 

Dryners, H. D., 168 

Dubosc, O. L. A., 152, 198, 252 

Duclaux, J., 161, 176, 208, 215, 263 

Dugour, H., 199 

Dulitz, A. A., 175 

Du Pont, Justin, 80, 253 

Du Pont Viscoloid Co., 131 

Duratex Co., 165, 176 

Durrans, T, (ee O74 

Dusseldolfer Celluloid Fabr., 


Earle, E. J. V., 144, 186 

Eastman Dry Plate and Film Co., 31 

Eastman Kodak Co., 61, 78, 79, 83, 85, 
87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 
99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 
108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 118, 
119, 120, 121, 122, 124, 125, 127, 128, 
131, 182, 134, 201 

Ebert, C. L., 229, 244 

Edbrook, F. G., 128, 178, 188 

Edgar, W. S., 264, 274, 276 

Edwards, F. G., 1 

Egner, O., 71 

Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., 33, 34 

Hibel, A. F., 264 

Eichengrun, A., 46, 54, 66, 67, 85, 95, 154, 
155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 163, 180, 181, 
186, 201, 202, 203, 209, 227, 229, 232, 
233, 242, 244 

Eichler, T., 58, 65, 128 

Eisenmann, R., 148, 151, 220, 221, 222, 
223, 224, 225, 241 

Elder, H. M., 164 

Eldred, B. E., 93 

Elektron Manufacturing Co., 32 

Elliot, C. H., 141 

Ellis, C., 53, 86, 116, 126 

Fllis, -F'.4.471 

Ellis-Foster Co., 53, 122, 126 

Ely, Alfred B., 23 

Emhardt, J. C., 82, 89 

Ensminger, H., 193 

Ernst, H., 142 

Eschinglek, M., 217, 243 

Esselen, G. J., "68, 252, 253 

Exceloid Co. Ltd., 179 


158 


Fabriques de Produits de Chimie Or- 
ganique de Laire, 164 
Fairfax, S. J., 140, 141 


53, 158, 185,156, 156, 181, 192; 201, 203, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


218, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 235, 
238, 239, 242, 244 

Farbenfabriken of Elberfeld Co., 46 

Farbwerke vorm, Meister, Lucius, and 
Bruning, 46, 146, 182, 220, 236, 237 

Chem. Fabr, vorm Weiler-Ter-Meer, 149, 
150, 186, 194, 198, 235, 236, 237, 248 

Farrington, Via 122 

Farrow, E. §., 104, 111, 112, 113, 119 

Fasig, E. me "264 

Faulhaber, V., 208 

Faust, J. Be 251 

Fausten, A., 114 

Feasey, G. T., 168 

Feith, J, 115 

Feldmann, H., 172, 215 

Fell, A., 26 

Fell, J. C., 148 

Ferrier, J. P., 165 

Fiarillo, L., 198 

Field, W. D., of 31, 32, 33, 140, 142 

Fillion, O. E., 

Findlay, digs Mi “953 

Finkler, A., 162, 163,° 211 

Fischer, E., 225 

Fish, W., 29 

Flaherty, EK. M., 81, 83, 84, 85, 131, 134, 
170, 172, 187, 256, 257, 259, 262 

Flemming, H., 219 

Fletcher, J., 178, 188 

Fletcher-Starkey, W., 264 

Fleury, A., 149, 195, 196 

Fleury, Ry 195 

Fonrobert, E., 254, 256, 271 

Forster, A 148 

Forster, M. V., 29 

Forster, T. A. ine 138 

Fouchard, Lge ge "151, 197 

Fox, A. S., 150, "165 

Fox, H. B, 259, 272 

Frauquet, H. ¥,,- 192,221 

Freise, R. W., 273, 277 

French, A. F., 84, 114 

Frey, E. P., 261 

Freydlender, J. H., 261, 262, 268 

Friedlander, M., 154 

Friesenhahn, PS "935 

Frothingham, . D., 80 

Fuchs, A., 253 

Fuller, I., 29 

Fuller, W. R., 275 

Furness, R., 254 

Furse, A. Cc, 145 

Fiirst Guido Donnersmarck’sche Kunst- 
ete und Acetatwerke, 50, 153, 200, 


‘*< Gabriel, C. L., 255, 260 
Farben! ‘abrikea Vormals FB. Bayer'& Co.,: 


Gaisenband, B., 213 
Galay, B. D., 54, 153 


—o-~ 


al 


AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 


Galay, J. D., 54, 153 

Gall, H., 200 

Gardner, H. A., 14, 87, 124, 249, 250, 251, 
252, 255, 258, 273 

Garke, R., 180, 188 

Garlick, H. 8., 264, 269 

Gates, J. L., 254 

Gault, H., 90 

Gebr. Heyl & Co. A. Chk2o8 

General Electric Co., 23, 45. , 

Genton and Berry, 253 

Georz Photochemische Werke Ges., 179 

Gerard, M. P. E., 1389, 218 

Germain, P; 195 

Geserich, A. 219 

Ges. fur Verwertung Chemische Produk- 
ten 172, 236 

Gibson, W. H., 253 

Gill, A. O., 141 

Gill, W. S., 141 

Gillet, C., 195, 198 

Gillies, D., 269 

Gilmour, R. and es; W. & Co.,, 
169, 170 

Ginsberg, I., 254 

Girard, A. E. Paw 

Girzik, E., 163, 241 

Given, G., 116, 129, 130, 180, 189, 217 

Goebel, Major D,. 252 | 

Goerner, G. W., 

Goetter, H., 41 

Goissedet, P. E. C., 215 

Golby, F. W., 156 

Goldscheider, A., 241 

Goldsmith, B. B., 32, 33, 43, 44, 47, 49, 
50, 64, 141, 219 

Goldsmith, J. N., 77, 146, 147, 167, 220, 
221 

Gonon, C., 205 

Goodwin, H., 42 

Goudin, L. J., 258 

Gough, S. A., 178 

Grange, S. de la, 252 

Graul, W. F., 134 

Graves, 8. C., 62, 88, 164 

Gray, G., 25 

Gray, R., 25 

Green, A., 178 

Green, C. A., 264 

Grenning, F., 140, 144 

Grenning, T., 139 

Griffin, F. B., 1 i2Z? 

Grimpe, E., 236 

Grinder, W. K., 264, 269 

Groggins, P. H., 251 

Grolea, J., 166, 213 

Grote, L., 160 

Groves, Samuel E., 87, 91, 167, 169 

Gruner and Reinhardt Ges., 176 

Gruter, R., 69 

Guetler, H., 218 


361 


Guinot, H. M. E., 215 
Gulf Refining Co., 65 


Hahn, S., 1388, 143 

Haines, H. W., 255, 260, 264, 271, 273 

Hale, im 32, 140, 191, 241 

Hall, M. A,, 257 

Halle, C. R., 263 

Hamilton, A., 252 

Hands, R. M., 136 

Hanline, A. M., 52 

Hardcastle, J. H., 164 

Harris; J. H.,; 25 

Hart, A. M., 63, 153, 156, 207 

Hartmann, C., 158, 228 

Hasburg, J. W., 76 

Hausel, B., 162 

Haymen, H., 138 

Heaton, N., 249 

Heberlein, E., 145 

Heil, H., 226 

Helbing, H., 44, 145 

Helbronner, A., 163, 211 

Henderson, A. C., 140 

Hendricks, W. H., 251 

Hengeveld, H., 271 

Henry, C., 146, 220 

Hepworth, H., 261 

Heraud, R. E. E., 204, 208 

Hercules Powder Co., 135 

Hermann, P., 143 

Hersen, C. and Scholt, 257 

Herzog, R. O., 253 

Hesse, A., 203 

Hesse, F., 158 

Hesse, T. F., 214 

Heckeroth, A. W. Van, 250, 251 

Hewitt, P. C., 67, 158, 207 

Heymans, P., 255 

Hibbert, H., 65, 77 

Hickson, E. F., 251 

Highfield, A., 268 

Hildesheimer, A., 235, 236, 253 

Hilger, A., 178 

Hill, C., 260, 264 

Hill, E. W., 128, 189 

Hillick, M. C., 269, 275, 276, 278 

Hinze, A., 127 

Hirsch, J., 193 

Dict, Mi. ¥.) Sl, 187 

Hock, L., 257 

Hoek, C. P. van, 268 

Hoffman, Henry, 23 

Hoffman, J. S., 116 

Hollande, P. C. A., 204 

Holley, C. D., 253 

Homberger, W., 149 

Hommel, O., 95° 

Hopkins, F. W., 251, 264, 270, 273, 274, 
275, 276, 277 

Hopper, A. C., 261, 265 


362 A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Horan, C., 127 

Horii, 8., 127, 134, 184 
Hornstein, N., 205 
Hotchkiss, H. T., 259 
Howlett, C. W., 81 
Hoyermann, H., 233 
Hue, G. E., 199 
Huebner, J., 167 
Hughes, T., 140 
Humphrey, 1. W., 135 
Hunervein, F., 48 
Hunt, S. B., 175 
Hunter, C. W., 160 
Huth; F., 163 

Hutin, A., 268 
Hyatt, I., 25 

Hyatt, J. W., 23, 25, 26 
Hyde, J. C. H., 65 


Ichenhauser, E., 208 

I. G. Farbenindustrie, Akt.-Ges., 128, 
181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 240, 246 

Immerheiser, C., 126 

Inagaki, I., 247 


Internationale Cellulose Ester Ges., 228, 


230, 231 


Jacob, C. M., 26, 138 
Jacobs, L. M., 253 
Jacquemin, P. C., 204 
Jaeger, P., 52 
Jaillard, B., 213 
Jaloustre, L. A., 214 
James, 8S. T. T., 169 
Jarvis, J. G., 29, 83, 84, 85 
Jellicoe, R. V., 143 
Jenkins, J. D., 270 
Jennings, A. S., 262 
Jerne, H., 157 

Johns, C., 110 
Johnson, W. M., 122 
Johnston, A. K., 23 
Jones, F. J., 40, 145 
Jones, G. W., 40, 145 
Jousset, A., 171 


Kalle & Co., A. G., 237, 238 
Kanamori, A., 247 
Kathju, K. N., 265 
“Kauri,” 276 
Kawashima, K., 109 
Keghel, M. de, 254 
Keil, G., 226 

Keller, B. A., 89 

Keller, H., 226 

Kelley, W. J., 274 
Kemp, R., 88 

Kempf, J., 256 
Kennedy, A., 40 
Kennedy, J., 275 
Kennedy, P. 8., 265, 277 


Kent, F. W., 165 

Kent, R. L., 262 

Kerkhoff, E. Van Der, 205, 226 

Kessler, J. M., 78, 86, 93, 103, 187 

Keuftel, C. W., 265 

Keyes, Ge B,, 12, 13, 258, 259, 262, 270 

Kiehel, S. R., 276 

Kimmel, i E., 124, 128 

King, C. Eg 143 

Kip, F. E., 74 

Kipper, E., 30 

Kirkpatrick, 8S. D., 256 

Kirsopp, E. C. B., 274 

Kirst, W. E., 92 

Kitsee, I., 44, 45 

Knaster, H., 153- 

Kniffen, pe 62, 63 

Knoll & Co., 155, 229, 231, 233 

Kocher, N. S., 124 

Kohl, F., 220 

Kohn-Abrest, A., 257, 262 

Kolke, F., 278 

Koller, G., 59, 157, 208, 230, 242 

Koller, HH; 149, 218 

Kohler, J. ee 244 

Koln-Rottweil Akt.-Ges., 173, 236 

Koontz, E. J., 64 

Kraemer, E. O., 273 

Kraemer, G., 51, 150, 151 

Kraemer & Van Elsberg Geselleschaft, 
150, 151, 198, 241 

Krais, P; M., 48, 50, 149, 195, 226 

Kramer, R. FE 127 

Kurz, L., 53, 200 

Kyger, E. R3 258 


Labbe, L. L. T., 201, 242 

Lagneau, Hy 196 

Lain, A. E., 

Lance, R. D., 161, 212 

Langfeldt, E., "90 

Lansing, K. W., 255 

La Pointe, A. ho 270, 275 

Lasche, J. M., 51 

Laujorrois, PB; ei 138 

Laurent, P., rae 

Lavadoux, E., 183 

Lawson, W,, 265 

Lazelle, H., 169 

Leclerc, Ga. 192 

Leder, P. H. A., 52 

Lederer, L-4e@ "48, 52, 69, 148, 149, 151, 
153, 192, 195, 197, 200, 207, 221, 229, 
223, 204. 226, 227, 228, 241, 242 

Leduc, Heitz & Co., 158, 159, 205, 209 

Leeper, G. W., 269° 

Lehmann, F., 67, 68, 211, 212 

Lehner, A, 233 

Lenden, R.. 231 

Leonard, G.. 128 

Leonard, W., 25 


a 


a a ae 


AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 


Leopold, R., 239 

Leroux, H., 201 

Les Fils Pinay Jeune, 204 

Levey, H. A., 77, 79 

Levi, L. E., 51 

Levy, W., 213 

Leysieffer, G., 108, 172, 178, 179, 216, 238 

Liebe, H. C., 265 

Lilienfeld, L., 49, 50, 63, 71, 72, 128, 124, 
128, 130, 148, 151, 154, 158, 159, 161, 
164, 172, 175, 176, 186, 188, 210, 215, 
222, 223 241, 242 

Lincks, G. H., 260, 261 

Linden-Lichtenthal, E., 179, 238 

Lindsay, W. G., 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 
63, 64, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 
77, 80, 88, 89, 96, 108, 111, 117, 118, 
129, 130, 131, 155, 156, 180, 187, 202, 
203, 216 

Linkmeyer, R. B., 233 

Little, A. D., 174, 176 

Littmann, E. R., 125 

Lloyd, E., 152 

Lockwood, C. S., 27 

; Lofier, R. J:, 105, 235 

Lohschmidt, J., 146 

Lorenz, J. R., 252 

Loudien, E., 49 

Ludwig, C., 254, 258, 259, 260, 261, 265, 
210 

Ludwig & Co., A., 242 

Lui, J. A., 161 

Luttke, H., 148, 193 

Lutz, G., 58 


Maas & Waldstein Co., 52 

Mabille, A., 192 

Macedonski, N., 205 

Macre, L., 274 

Magnier, P., 195 

Maher, A. M., 260 

Majorana, P., 76 

Malcom, R., 82 

Malone, L. J., 91, 95, 124 

Manissadjan, H. B., 152, 155, 199, 202, 
242, 244 

Mardles, E. J. W., 12, 16, 254, 262 

Marga, U., 219 

Marino, P., 50, 151, 197, 225 

Marling, P. E., 273 

Marsden & Co., 40, 145 

Martens, A., 252 

Martin, C. M. F., 216 

Martin, M. E., 216 

Martindale, W. H., 260, 261, 265, 270 

Marvin, P. J., 259 

Marx, C., 256 

Marx, N., 191 

Masland, W. E., 59, 60, 73 

Massmann, C., 

Masson, I., 253 


363 


Masterson, R. L., 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 


265, 270, 274 
Matas y Rodes, F., 195 
Matheson, H. W., 65, 111 
Matray, ‘e 213 
Matsubara, K., 247 
Matteoschat, A., 252 
Matthews, F. E., 164 
Matthews, I. C., 108 
Maxim, H., 51, 52, 149 
May, C., 141 
Mayer, J., 218 
Mayer, W. T., 38 
Maze, A. E., 122 
Meade, B. G., 270 
Meade, R. G., 262 
Meade, R. R., 265 
Meadway, E. G., 163 
Medicus, F., 236, 253 


Medveczky, S., 54, 157, 159, 207, 227, 


244 
Mendess, J., 210 


Merckens, W., 155, 202, 242, 244 


Merrifield, C. F., 259 
Mersereau, G., 78 
Merz, O., 276 

Messer, A., 218 
Messersmith, M. E., 89 
Mestaniz, L., 139 


Mestrallet-Petry, E., 197 


Meunier, G., 21 
Meyer, E., 180, 188, 239 


Meyer, F., 66, 152, 199, 242 


Meyer, R. A., 151, 198 
Meyers, W. M., 256 
Meygret, A., 46 
Michael, A., 239 
Michaelis, G., 38 
Michelman, Jos., 258 
Mickey, E., 195 
Middleton, I., 165 


Mijnssen, C., 54, 154, 201, 242 


Miles, G. W., 85, 90 
Miller, H. E., 43 
Milne, W. D., 276 
Milo, E., 147 

Miner, H. L., 247 
Minor, P. a a 137 
Minuto, ey 


Miskella, W. oT. 260, 261, 262, 265, 270, 


271 
Mitchell, R. B., 90, 91 
Miyazaki, K., 64 
Mohlman, G. F., 110 
Monckton, E. H. C., 
Mond, A. L., 172 
Monk, R. H., 260 
Moody, A. W., 258 
Moore, F., 28, 164 
Moorefield, T. E., 266 
Morane, L., 148, 193 


137 


364 


Morawetz, E. R., 260 

Mork, H. 8., 52, 57, 62, 68, 252 
Morrell, R. 8., 253 

Morris, T., 1387 

Mosenthal, H. de, 252 
Mosser-Schiess, W., 80 


Mougey, H. C., 249, 256, 257, 258, 259, 


261, 265, 266, 272 
Mouths, F. E., 262 
Muller, E., 227 
Mueller, W., 266, 270 
Muhlen, V. D., 262 
Munro, A. M., 273 
McBain, J. W., 265 
McCain, H. J., 27 
McCaine, Daniel, 28 
McCaine, David, 28 
McCaine, W., 27 
McCall, R., 253 
MacClary, J. 8., 270, 275 
MacDonald, D. B., 162 
McDougall, A., 141 
MacDougall, J., 169 
McElroy, K. P., 65 
McGeorge, J., 261 
McKechnie, J., 78, 171 
McKim, W. A., 265, 277 
McLaren, W., 145 
McLaurin, R. A., 159 
McLennan, A., 160 
McClelland, J. A., 30 
MacWalter, T., 178 


Nagel, O., 41 

Nash, W. H., 29 

Nathan, F. L., 60, 61, 77, 78, 82, 163, 210 
National Carbon Co., 114 
Nebel, E., 196 

Nelson, H. A., 251, 253, 266 
Neocellon, Ltd., 260 
Neubauer, C., 126 

Neusella, A., 102 

New Jersey Patent Co., 49, 62 
New Jersey Zinc Co., 251. 
Newton, H. W., 147 

Newton, M., 25 

Newton, P. A., 148 

Nibecker, H. A., 270, 272, 276 
Nicalardot, P., 257 

Nickolas, G. J., 96 
Nickowitz, N. M., 254 

Nigro, J., 204 

Nishida, H., 252 


Nitrogen Corporation, 100, 176, 177, 216, 


239 
Nitta, S., 247 
Nobel, A., 143 


Nobels Explosives Co., 
82, 84, 169, 212, 245 

Nogues, P., 198 

Nolan, T., 84, 169 


Lid... 77, A876, 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Noll, A., 272 
Nonamaken, J. F., 254 
Norris, W. C., 251, 266 
Nottelle, L. E., 208 


Oakes, B. J., 266 

Oehme, H., 246 

Ohr, E., 196 

Oliver, F. W., 144 

Oliver, G. T., 150, 171 

Orr, A., 140 

Om, Arthur, 256, 261, 262, 270, 271, 272, 


Ortmann, R., 148, 194 
Otsuka, C., 247 

Ott, A.. f-oMae ie 

Ott, K., 239 

Overbeck, W. J., 255, 256 
Oyonnax, A., 145 


Paget, L., 33, 34, 35, 142, 143 

Paisley, J. W., 270, 271 

Paisseau, J., 182 

Palewski and Morin Co., 213 

Parkes, A., 136, 137 

Parkes, H., 27, 138, 191, 218 

Parkin, W. ri: 147, 154, 194, 195, 204 

Parks, HH. ce 250, 255 

Parodi- Delfino, ya 129, 217 

Patat, F., 196 

Pathe Cinema Anciens Etablissements 
Pathe Freres, 180, 188, 213, 217 

Patten, J. C., 115 

Pauthonier, U. J. A., 154 

Payne, A., 152 

Pearce, M. J., 249 

Pearson, H. P., 51, 150 

Peck, J. W., 161 

Pellen, M., 136 

Perl, ts 142, 143, 191, 219 

Perret, RF. 32 

Perry-Austen Manufacturing Co., 53 

Perry, E., 255 

Perry, R. S., 270 

Pertsch, G., 44, 145 

Pervilhac, H. et Cie, 205 

Peters, H., 154, 156, 204 

Peters, T. J., 165 

Petroczy, S. von, 161 

Peyrusson, A. E., 197 

Pfiffner, E., 180, 217, 243 

Pfund, ce H,, 3250, 251 

Phelps, W., 

Philippe, HH. “Us 

Phillips, A. W.., 94, 175 

Philips, R. A., 182 

Phipps, P., 146 

Pianko. S., 153 

Pickard, G. H., 262, 266 

Pichler, S. F., 143, 153 

Pickering, O. W., 69 


AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 


Pierce, M. J., 258 

Pierce, W. T., 255 

Piest, C., 252 

Piestrak, G. 8., 213, 215 

Pillion, N. L., 193 

Pilz, E. E., 219 

Pink, L., 159, 227 

Pitman, E. C., 117, 132 

Plinatus, W., 159, 162, 181, 213, 216, 246 

Plischke, K., 226 

Plummer, O. D., 87 

Pollack, J. L., 144 

Pollak, F., 238 

Pommier, P. F., 207 

Pont, A. de, 139, 145 

Pont de Nemours & Co., E. I. du, 52, 
59, 60, 62, 63, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 
86, 93, 94, 98, 100, 110, 117, 127, 131, 
132, 134, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 174, 175, 
187, 209, 213, 232, 245 

Pont de Nemours Powder Co., E. I. du, 
60, 61, 65, 69, 73, 76, 160, 161, 209, 243 

Pontacq, P., 209 — 

Pouteaux, A. P. H., 216 

Pozdech, A. F., 102 

Pratt & Lambert Co., 100, 187 

Price, T. W., 255 

Priest, G. H., 270 

Probeck, E. J., 266 

Prost, P. A. D., 195, 204 

Proveux, H. M., 193, 194 

Publishing, Advertising and ‘Trading 
Syndicate, Ltd., 42 

Pulsifer, L. V., 256, 258, 259, 271 

Putman, M. E., 92 . 


Quandt, E. E., 52 


Racky, G., 238, 239 
Raese, E., 139 
Rampichini, F., 60, 156, 157, 161, 202, 229 
Ramsbottom, J. E., 255 
Randolph, H. H., 133 
Raschig, F., 50, 223 
Rasquin, H., 263, 268 
Rasser, E. O., 254 
Ratignier, M., 63, 205 
Reagles, I. V., 29 

Reclus, M., 273 

Redlich, F., 233 

Reese, C. E., 86 

Reeser, H. J. G., 153, 201 
Reichenbach, H.; 31 
Reid, D. E., 61 

Reid, E. E., 190, 274, 275 
Reid, W. F., 144, 186, 219 
Reinherz, T., 31 
Reitstotter, J., 237 
Remler, R. F., 254 
Requa, L. F., 30 

Reuhl, G. P., 150, 223 


365 


Rheinische, Gummi und Zelluloidfabrik, 
185, 221, 222, 224 

Rhenania Ver. Chem, Fabr., 237 

Rhodes, F. H., 266 

Richardson, E. G., 261, 273 

Richardson, E. J., 147 

Richter, J., 228 

Riddle, R. N., 47 

Riley, J. J., 259, 260, 261 

Riley, L. J., 162 

Riley, W. J., 165 

Rintoul, W., 60, 61, 77, 78, 79, 82, 84, 163, 
169, 210 

Ritschke, A., 188 

Riviere, C., 66, 210, 213, 214, 252, 268 

Robertson, G. H., 278 

Roberts, H. E. U., 150 

Robertson, H. H. Co., 93, 179 

Robinson, E. G., 79 

Rochereau, A. A., 194 

Roessler and Hasslacher Chemical Co., 


Rogers, R. S., 257 
Rollason, A., 136, 137 
Rosen, J., 160 

Rosenthal, L., 240 

Ross, H., 100, 187 

Rotter, C., 25 
Roumazeilles, M. J. P., 217 
Rouxeville, E. A. L., 49, 151, 197, 199 
Rovira, J., 64 

Rowland, A. M., 207 
Royle, F., 157 

Rundle, G. W., 251, 266 
Ruth, G., 234, 235 
Rutstein, Leo, 253 

Ryan, A., 171 

Rymer, J. A., 93 


Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., 30 
St. Armande, A. V., 165 
St. John, A. D., 104 

Santen, W. H., 92 
Sauverzac, J. M., 200 
Sawyer Products Co., 80 
Sawyer, R. U., 80 
Schaffganz, K., 239 

Scharf, E., 126 

Scheele, W. T., 88, 93 
Scheuenemann, E., 272 
Schlegel, O., 196 

Schlick, W., 249 

Schlitter, G., 244 

Schloss, A., 50, 153 
Schlumberger, T., 39, 144, 219 
Schlumbohm, P., 268 
Schmalz, F., 29 

Schmerber, J., 148, 193, 194 
Schmidt, A., 46 

Schmidt, O., 58, 65, 70, 128 
Schmidt, M. P., 239 


366 


Schmidt, W. G., 255 

Schmidt, W. K., 270 

Schmitt, F., 272 

Schmitt, I. F., 268 

Schmitt, J. J., 125 

Schotz, S. P., 249 

Schrager, C., 212 

Schraube, C., 49 

Schrauth, W., 253 

Schroder, R., 163 

Schroeder, C., 51 

Schulz, H., 183, 274, 276 

Schulz, M., 268 

Schultze, E., 114 

Schupphaus, C. R., 30, 31, 35, 36, 41, 46, 
143, 144, 219 

. Schuster, F. J., 258, 259 

Schwareman, A., 81 

Schwartz, G. L., 131 

Schwartz, M., 192 

Schwartz, Y., 148 

Schwarz, H., 252 

Swartz, M. D., 267 

Scott, A. G., 150 

Sease, V. B., 98, 110 

Seaton, M. Y., 91, 110, 157 

See, J. D., 97 

Seel, P. C., 77, 83, 88, 92, 94, 96, 97, 105, 
108, 113, 132, 134 

Seely, Charles A., 23 

Seher, A., 32 

Seligman, F., 249 

Seydel, K., 128 

Shawinigan Laboratories, 111 

Sheppard, S., 100, 125, 261, 266 

Shipley, S., 116, 129, 1380, 131, 135, 180, 
182, 189, 217 

Shishedo, K., 247 

Shrager, C., 161 

Siedentopf, O., 152 

Siemens-Schuckertwerke, 173 

Silverstein, S..M., 266 

Silzer, A., 96 

Simon, J. & Durkheim, 246 

Simonet, L., 137 

Simons, C. M., 269, 273 

Simonin, J., 277 

Simpson, A. H., 139 

Simpson, E. W., 178 

‘ Sivet, D., 215 

Smart, W. J., 261, 262, 274 

Smith, D. D., 25 

Smith, H., 252 

Smith, L. J., 266 

Smith, S., 271 

Smith, W., 26 

Smyth, H. F., 275 

Snape, J. W., 110 

Snelling, W. O., 71 

Snowden, F., 157 

Soc. Anon, Le Camphre, 209 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Societe Anonyme Des Etablissements 
Justin Du Pont, 80 

Societe Anonyme Des Etablissements 
Hutchinson, 97, 168 

Soc. Anony. LiOcounesienee. 192. 194 

Soc. Anonyme Des Plaques et Papiers 
Photographiques, A. Lumiere, 200 

Soc. Anon. Nouvelle L’Oyonnithe, 198, 
211 

Soc. Anon. Les Perfums De Rosine, 183 

Soc. Chim. des Usines du Rhone, 44, 216 

Soc. Francaise Des Tissue Biaises, 205 

Soc. Gen. Pour La Fabr. Des Matieres 
Plastiques, 220 

Societe Industrielle De Celluloid, 226 

Soc. Industrielle De Cellulose, 192, 226 

Soc. Industrielle Des Telephones, 230 

Soc. Monnet et Goutteborn, 201 

Soc. Myrthil Rose et Cie, 194, 195 

Soc. Nauton Freres and de Marsae and 
Tesse T. F.; 95, 115, 126, 167, 169, 173, 
214 

Societe R. Eisenmann, 194 

Sohlinger, W. J., 266 

Sona Corporation, 96 

Sparre, F., 64, 76, 77, 187 

Spaulding, J. and Sons Co., 76 

Spath, C., 230 

Specht, H. M., 93 

Special Products Co., 48 

Spill, D., 24, 137 

Spitaler, A., 220 

Spratt, J. S., 266 

Springmohl, F., 253 

Sproxton, F., 249 

Standard Development Co., 110 

Standard Varnish Works, 124 

Starr, A., 26 

Steele, L. L., 250, 275 

Steimmig, F., 233 

Stephani, O., 57 

Sterilin-Ges., 175 

Stern, E., 268 

Stern, M. E., 89 

Stevens, J. H., 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 37, 
38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 45, 114 

Stevens, W. J., 152 

Stevenson, W. J., 104, 171 

Steward, R. F., 65 

Stewart, W. P., 266 

Stellmann, i A W. 266 

Stinchfield, Rada , 97, 115 

Stockelbach, F. E., 87 

Stocker, J., 67, 68 

Stoddard, W. O., 74 

Storey, ip 30, 139, 186, 191 

Stossel & Co., 

Stover, J. H., rr 

Strache, F. H., 219 

Strauss, R., 211, -231, 246 

Strehlenhert, R. W., 145 


AUTHOR INDEX OF PATENTS AND LITERATURE 


Stubner, E. C., 185 

Studer, L., 185 

Stuer, C. C., 237 

Sulzer, A. F., 91, 99, 122 
Sutherland, D. M., 80, 145, 169, 214 
Sutton, C. R., 274 

Svensson, O., 178 

Szegvari, A., 257 

Szelinski, B., 225 


caer, 164 

Takemura, K., 183 

Taylor, A. H., 164 

Taylor, A. M., 125 

Taylor, C. M., 122, 123, 181 
Taylor, E., 55 

Tenen, H. T., 267 

Terrell, T., 184 

Tesse, T. F., 95, 115, 126, 167, 169 
Tessler, A. G., 62 

Tetralin, G. m. b. H., 239 

Thall, E., 171, 214 

Thieme, O. B., 48 

Thomas, B. P., 114 

Thomsen, P. F., 161 

Thompson, E., 147 

Thomson, E., 238, 45 

Thurlow, H. A., 182 

Tiffany, E. W., 93 

Nant. T., 259 

Tiller, F. R., 151, 198 

Tissier, C., 195 

Titanine, Ltd., 178 

Titanine, Ltd., and Bowles, P. E., 171 
Toch, M., 256, 271, 278 

Todd, E. N., 30, 31, 32, 140, 141 
Trautschold, R., 271 

Trickey, J. P., 271 

Trimmer, M. R., 260, 267, 268 
Triplex Safety Glass Co., 162 
Trivelli, A. P. M., 71, 94, 103, 165 
Tronel, J., 231 

Truelove, R. H., 249 

Trussell, E. H., 277 
Tscheuschner, E., 218 

Tucker, T., 166, 215 

Tuebben, P., 154 

Tunison, B. R., 258 

Twyman, F., 178 

Tyre Puncture Curing Syndicate, 40 
Tyrer, T. & Co., 82, 166, 168, 215 


Union Clay Products Co., 55 
Urk, H. W. van. 254 


U. 8S. Industrial Alcohol Co., 91, 99, 101 © 


U. 8. Paint & Varnish Mfrs. Assoc., 249, 
250, 251 


Valentine, A. J., 178 
Vandervell, C. A., 165 
Vanderwalker, F. N., 249, 266, 271, 273 


367 


Van Heuckeroth, A. W., 278 

Van Schaack, R. H. Jr., 129 

Van Schaack, L. L., 258, 259 

Velvril Co., 219 

Vender, V., 51 

Vereinigte Coéln-Rottweiler 
riken, 234 

Verein F. Chemische Industrie, 233 

Vereingte Glanzstoff Fabriken, 56, 157, 
158,, 204, 205, 242 

Vickers, Ltd., 78, 171 

Vient, B. A., 76 

Vignes, E., 197 

Vignes, M., 196 

Viking Manufacturing Co., 63 

Villedien, C., 145 

Vogel, W., 268 

Voigt, W. L., 105 

Vollin, H., 212 

Von Muhlendahl, E. U., 274, 276 

Von Neuenstein, 272 

Voss, J., 239 


Wagishauser, K., 159, 242 

Wagner, H., 257 

Wahl, A., 157 

Waite, C. N., 44, 49 

Walker, G., 42 

Walker, H., 203 

Walker, H. V., 52, 157, 186, 204 

Walker, P. H., 250, 255 

Walker, W. H., 47, 54, 57 

Walkey, W. R., 184 

Wall Paper Manufacturers, Ltd., 169 

Warcharisky, M., 214 

Ward, G. L., 259, 267 

Ward, J. G., 168, 214 

Ward, T. W. H., 91, 168, 169, 178, 188 

Warner Chemical Co., 47 

Warwrziniok, O. C. E. P., 64 

Weare, R., 137 

Webb, W., 256 

Webb, W. R., 94, 96, 98, 101, 104, 109, 
125, 127 

Weber, H. C. P., 257 

Weedon, W. S., 60 

Wennstrom, H. E., 278 

Westfalisch-Anhaltische Sprengstoff A. 
G., 233 

Wetter, J., 153 

Weyler, J. L., 166 

Wheatley, R., 166 

Whitby, G. S., 262 

White, A. E., 181 

Whitehouse, Edward O. W., 24 

Whittelsey, T., 179 

Whittemore, C., 260 

Wiegand, P., 267 

Wiesel, J. B., 256, 260, 261, 267 

Williams, A., 147, 154, 204 

Williams, E. C., 141 


Pulverfab- 


368 


Williams, M. E., 141 

Williams, R. C., 257 

Williamson, R. V., 273 

Willkie, H. F., 91, 101, 253 

Wilson, A., 261 

Wilson, M. M., 277 

Wilson, S. P., 249, 267, 277 

Wilson, W. C., 91, 271 

Wilson, W. V., 29, 30, 139, 186, 191, 218 

pipes EB. Wij 267, 201 2b, ib er, 
278 

Winklemann, M., 263 

Winkler, A. von, 141 

Winter, Robert, 25 

Winterbottom, G. H., 49 

Wohl, A., 204, 228, 242 

Wolff, A., 268 

Wolff, Hans, 15, 249, 252, 253, 254, 257 

Wolffe and Co., 183 

Wood, 8S. H., 86 

Wood, W. H., 29, 42 

Woodbridge, R. G., 100, 177 

Woodward, G. E., 48, 149, 194 

Woolldridge, L. C., 165 


A SURVEY OF NITROCELLULOSE LACQUER 


Worden, E. C., 249, 253 
Wurth, K., 257 


Young, D. A.) 157 
Young, G., 115 
Young, J. Ha°Sa ive 
Young, Y., 208 
Yukacs, Ne 151 


Zapon Co., 260 

Zapon-Lack G. m. b. H., 232 

Zelger, C., 257 ; 

Zeller, G. O., 35, 36, 38 

Zeller, H., 254, 267 

Zetter, A., 237 

Ziegler, J. W., 115 

Zieke, E., 2A9 

Zimmer, A A., 154, 155, 156, 167, 204, 
228 

Zimmer, F., 252, 254, 257, 260, 269 

Zimmerli, A., 189 

Zuhl, E., 45, 46, 146, 147, 148, 191, 193, 
220, 221, 229, 223, 241 

Zwick, H., "995 


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